fig1 and 2 show an intraocular lens 11 which comprises a circular optic 13 and fixation members 15 and 17 . the optic 13 may be constructed of rigid biocompatible materials , such as polymehtylmethacrylate ( pmma ), or flexible , deformable materials , such as silicones , deformable acrylic polymeric materials , hydrogels and the like which enable the optic to be rolled or folded for insertion through a small incision into the eye . in this embodiment , the fixation members 15 and 17 are fine hair - like strands or filaments which are attached to the optic 13 using conventional techniques . the fixation members 15 and 17 may be constructed of a suitable polymeric material , such as pmma or polypropylene . alternatively , the fixation members 15 and 17 may be integral with the optic 13 . the optic 13 and the fixation members 15 and 17 may be of any desired configuration , and the configurations illustrated are purely illustrative . the optic 13 has a central zone 18 , inner and outer annular near zones 20 and 22 and annular far zones 24 and 26 . in this embodiment , the central zone 18 is circular . the annular zones 20 - 26 circumscribe the central zone 18 , and are concentric and coaxial with the optic 13 . the zones 18 - 26 are used in describing the vision correction power of the optic 13 , and they are arbitrarily defined . thus , the peripheries of the zones 18 - 26 and the number of zones may be selected as desired . however to facilitate describing the optic 13 , the peripheries of the annular zones 20 - 26 are considered to be the major zero crossings in fig5 . although the boundaries of the zones 18 - 26 are indicated by phantom lines in fig1 it should be understood that the optic 13 has no such lines in any of its surfaces and that these lines constitute reference lines which define the zones . in the embodiment of fig2 the optic 13 has a convex anterior surface 28 and a planar posterior surface 30 ; however , these configurations are merely illustrative . although the vision correction power may be placed on either of the surfaces 28 or 30 , in this embodiment , the anterior surface 28 is appropriately shaped to provide the desired vision correction powers . fig5 shows a preferred manner in which the vision correction power of the optic 13 varies from the center or optical axis 32 of the optic to the circular outer periphery 34 of the optic . a preferred power distribution curve for a corneal inlay ( corneal inlay lens ) may be similar , or identical , to the curve of fig5 . in fig5 the vertical or “ y ” axis represents the variation in diopter power of the optic 13 from the baseline or far vision correction power , and the “ x ” or horizontal axis shows the distance outwardly , the radial distance , from the optical axis 32 , for example , in millimeters . thus , the zero - diopter or baseline power of fig5 is the power required for far vision for an iol . the power variation shown in fig5 is applicable to any radial plane passing through the optic axis 32 . in other words , the power at any given radial distance from the optical axis 32 is the same . the central zone 18 extends from the optical axis 32 to a circular periphery 36 , the inner annular far zone 24 is considered as extending from the periphery 36 to a circular periphery 38 , inner annular near zone 20 is considered as extending from the periphery 38 to a circular periphery 40 , the outer annular far zone 26 is considered as extending from the periphery 40 to the circular periphery 42 , and the outer annular near zone 22 is considered as extending from a periphery 42 to a circular periphery 44 . the annular zone 27 extends from the periphery 44 radially outwardly to the outer periphery 34 of the optic 13 . as shown in fig5 the vision correction power crosses the “ x ” axis or baseline at the peripheries 36 , 38 , 40 , 42 and 44 . as shown in fig5 the vision correction power varies progressively and continuously from the baseline diopter power at the optical axis 32 to an apex 48 and then decreases continuously and progressively from the apex 48 back to the baseline diopter correction at periphery 36 . the apex 48 is closer , in terms of radial distance , to the optical axis 32 than to the periphery 36 . as illustrated , apex 48 is located away from the optical axis 32 about 30 % of the total radial distance between the optical axis and the circular periphery 36 . the vision correction power then decreases continuously and progressively to a negative diopter power at a periphery 50 . the negative diopter power at the periphery 50 is of less power than is required for far vision and may be considered as a far , far vision correction power . from the periphery 50 , the vision correction power increases continuously and progressively through the periphery 38 into the inner annular near zone 20 . of course , the diopters shown on the ordinate in fig5 are merely exemplary , and the actual correction provided will vary with the prescription needs of the patient . within the inner annular near zone 20 , the vision correction power varies continuously and progressively from the periphery 38 to an inner end 52 of a plateau 54 . the vision correction power at plateau 54 is considered substantially constant although some variation may occur . the plateau 54 has an outer end 56 . at outer end 56 , the vision correction power begins a relatively rapid , in terms of diopters changed per unit of radial distance on the optic 13 , progressive and continuous decrease to point 58 which has a diopter power equal to about 60 % of the average diopter power of plateau 54 . the radial width of plateau 54 is equal to about 65 % of the radial width , or distance along the y - axis in fig5 between points 52 and 58 . the vision correction power decreases less rapidly ( relative to the rate of power decline between points 56 and 58 ), continuously and progressively from point 58 back to the periphery 40 at the baseline . with continued reference to fig5 the vision correction power from periphery 40 continuously and progressively decreases to point 60 in far zone 26 . from point 60 the vision correction power continuously and progressively increases to apex 62 . the vision correction power then decreases to point 64 at which the vision correction power is equal to that at point 60 . the vision correction power continues to decrease continuously and progressively to point 66 and then increases continuously and progressively to periphery 42 . in far zone 26 , apex 62 is located radially closer to point 60 then to point 64 . in particular , point 62 is located about 30 % of the radial distance from point 60 relative to the total radial distance between points 60 and 64 . in the outer annular near zone 22 , the vision correction power increases continuously and progressively from the periphery 42 to the inner end 68 of plateau 70 . the vision correction power at plateau 70 , which is relatively narrow , increases progressively from inner end 68 to outer end 72 of plateau 70 . from the outer end 72 , the vision correction power decreases continuously and progressively to periphery 44 . the vision correction power remains substantially constant at or about the baseline diopter power from periphery 44 to the periphery 34 of optic 13 . the outer near zone 22 includes plateau 70 with progressively increasing optical powers . these increasing powers in plateau 70 , together with the relative narrowness of outer near zone 22 is believed to be effective to diffuse the halo caused by passing light to the outer near zone 22 . by way of comparison and to further illustrate the present invention , fig4 shows the manner in which the vision correction power of a prior art multifocal optic varies from the optical axis of the optic . the zones of the prior art optic in fig4 which correspond to zones of optic 13 in fig5 are identified by the same reference numeral with the addition of the letter “ a ”. with reference to fig4 the prior art optic , referred to as 13 a , has the same baseline diopter power as does optic 13 . the central zone 18 a extends from the optical axis 32 a to a circular periphery 36 a . the inner annular far zone 24 a is considered as extending from the periphery 26 a to the circular periphery 38 a , the inner annular near zone 20 a is considered as extending from the periphery 38 a to the circular periphery 40 a . the outer annular far zone 26 a is considered as extending from the periphery 40 a to the circular periphery 42 a and the outer annular near zone 22 a is considered as extending from the periphery 42 a to a circular periphery 44 a . as shown in fig4 the vision correction power includes major crossings of the “ x ” axis or baseline at the peripheries 36 a , 38 a , 40 a , 42 a and 44 a . the crossings of the baseline within outer far zone 26 a are not considered major . regarding the differences between the vision correction power of optic 13 relative to the vision correction power of optic 13 a , reference is first made to central zones 18 and 18 a . the primary difference between central zones 18 and 18 a relates to the positioning of the apexes 48 and 48 a . in particular , as noted above , apex 48 is located radially closer to the central axis 32 than to periphery 36 . this is contrasted to the positioning of apex 48 a which is located closer to the periphery 36 a than to the central axis 32 a . this difference is believed to is provide optic 13 ( and iol 11 ) with enhanced performance in viewing near objects , relative to such performance of optic 13 a . another substantial difference between optic 13 and optic 13 a relates to inner annular near zones 20 and 20 a . thus , whereas inner annular near zone 20 a of optic 13 a includes a plateau 54 a which has a substantially constant optical power throughout , plateau 54 is relatively abbreviated and zone 20 includes a region between outer end 56 of plateau 54 and periphery 58 which has a progressively and continuously decreasing optical power . the configuration of inner annular near zone 20 relative to inner annular near zone 20 a is believed to reduce the apparent or perceived size of the halo caused by passing light to the near zone 20 relative to the halo caused by passing light to the zone 20 a . a further substantial distinction between optics 13 and 13 a relates to the variation in vision correction power in outer far zones 26 and 26 a . thus , whereas zone 26 a is only slightly varied in vision correction power relative to the baseline diopter power . the vision correction power in zone 26 includes substantially reduced optical powers , as described previously . the vision correction power of zone 26 is believed to provide increased vision performance in viewing distant objects in dim light or night time relative to the performance obtained with zone 26 a . an additional substantial difference between optic 13 and optic 13 a relates to the outer annular near zones 22 and 22 a . specifically , zone 22 is substantially radially more narrow or smaller than is zone 22 a . in addition , zone 22 a has a relatively wide plateau 70 a which includes a substantially constant optical power . in contrast , the plateau 70 of zone 22 includes progressively increasing vision correction powers . optic 13 with zone 22 diffuses or makes less apparent the halo caused by passing light to zone 22 relative to the halo caused by passing light to zone 22 a of optic 13 a . as a further illustration of the differences between the optic 13 and optic 13 a , reference is made to fig6 and 7 which are schematic illustrations of a distant object viewed during night time conditions using optic 13 a and optic 13 , respectively . referring to fig6 viewing the distant object during night time with optic 13 a provides a central image , a halo extending away from the central image and additional random light scattering extending radially beyond the halo . referring to fig7 viewing the distant object during night time with optic 13 provides a central image of higher quality than in fig6 . in addition , the halo in fig7 extending away from the central image is substantially smaller or reduced in size . further , substantially no light scattering beyond the halo is apparent radially outwardly from the halo is apparent in fig7 . overall , the image provided by optic 13 ( fig7 ) is superior to the image provided by optic 13 a ( fig6 ). fig3 a and 8 show a contact lens 111 constructed in accordance with the teachings of this invention . the contact lens 111 is sized and configured to be carried or worn on a surface of the eye . optically , the contact lens 111 may be substantially identical to the optic 13 of fig1 and 5 in all respects not shown or described herein . portions of the figures relating to the contact lens 111 which correspond to portions of the figures relating to the intraocular lens 11 are designated by corresponding reference numerals increased by 100 . optically , the contact lens 111 has a central zone 118 , annular near zones 120 and 122 , annular far zones 124 and 126 and outer peripheral zone 127 which correspond , respectively , to the zones 18 - 27 of the intraocular lens 11 . in general , the magnitude of the vision correction powers , relative to the baseline diopter power , is reduced in the contact lens 111 relative to the magnitude of the vision correction powers in the optic 13 of iol 11 . the contact lens 111 has a convex anterior surface 128 and a posterior surface 130 which is concave and configured to the desired shape of the eye of the wearer . of course , the corrective powers could be provided on the posterior surface 130 , if desired . optically , the contact lens 111 is very similar to the optic 13 of intraocular lens 11 . the primary difference between the optic 13 and the contact lens 111 relates to the configuration of the inner near zone 120 . specifically , with reference to fig8 inner near zone 120 includes a plateau 154 having an inner end 152 and an inner region 68 which has a substantially constant vision correction power . however , the region 70 of plateau 154 extending radially outwardly from inner region 68 includes vision correction powers which increase continuously and progressively to apex 72 . the vision correction power radially outwardly from apex 72 decreases continuously and progressively to point 158 . thereafter , the vision correction power decreases continuously and progressively toward the baseline diopter power . the vision correction power at point 158 is approximately 60 % of the vision correction power at the apex 72 . in addition , the apex 72 is located away from inner end 152 about 70 % of the total radial distance between point 152 and point 158 . the above - noted configuration of inner near zone 120 reduces the size of the halo caused by passing light to zone 120 relative to the halo caused by passing light to a similar inner near zone which has a substantially constant vision correction power across the entire distance from point 152 to point 158 . fig9 shows an alternate iol 211 constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention . except as expressly described herein , iol 211 is similar to iol 11 . portions of iol 211 which correspond to portions of iol 11 are designated by the corresponding reference numerals increased by 200 . with reference to fig9 the major difference between iol 11 and iol 211 relates to the configuration of outer far zone 226 . specifically , outer far zone 226 begins at circular periphery 240 and decreases continuously and progressively to apex 88 which is located substantially equal radial distances from periphery 240 and circular periphery 242 . from apex 88 , the vision correction power increases continuously and progressively to the periphery 242 . outer far zone 226 is effective to enhance the performance characteristics of the lens when viewing a distant object in dim light or at night time . in addition , outer far zone 226 , or an outer far zone configured similarly to outer far zone 226 can be included in place of either outer far zone 26 in optic 13 of intraocular lens 11 or in place of an outer far zone of a contact lens , such as outer far zone 126 of contact lens 111 . the present multifocal ophthalmic lenses provide substantial benefits , such as image quality when viewing a distant object in dim light or night time . the present lenses mitigate against the halos which are apparent or perceived as a result of causing light to pass to the outer near zone or zones of such lenses , relative to lenses including an outer near zone or zones which have substantially constant vision correction powers . moreover , the present enhanced lenses can be cost effectively produced using conventional and well known techniques . thus , the present lenses provide substantial benefits with few or no significant adverse effects . while this invention has been described with respect to various specific examples and embodiments , it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto and that it can be variously practiced within the scope of the following claims .
ophthalmic lenses , for example , intraocular lenses , contact lenses , corneal implant lenses and the like , have multifocal characteristics which provide beneficial reductions in at least the perception of one or more night time visual symptoms such as “ halos ”, and “ glare or flare ”.