the controlling agent of the present invention comprises , as an active ingredient , a compound represented by the following formula ( 1 ) and having pyrazole bonded to the 4 - position of the piperidine ring via an oxygen or sulfur atom . wherein r 1 is a halogen atom , a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group , a cyano group , a nitro group , or a c 1 - 4 alkoxycarbonyl group ; r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 , r 7 , r 8 , and r 9 are each a hydrogen atom or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group ; each pair of r 2 and r 8 , and r 4 and r 6 , may join to form a c 1 - 4 alkylene group ; r 10 is a hydrogen atom ; a c 1 - 20 alkyl group ; a c 3 - 8 cycloalkyl group ; a c 2 - 6 alkenyl group ; a c 2 - 6 alkynyl group ; a c 1 - 6 haloalkyl group ; a c 2 - 6 haloalkenyl group ; a c 1 - 6 alkylcarbonyl group ; a c 1 - 6 alkoxycarbonyl group ; a benzoyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with 1 to 5 halogen atoms ; a phenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , and c 1 - 4 haloalkyl ; a heterocyclic group optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , c 1 - 4 haloalkyl , and optionally substituted heterocyclic groups ; or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of optionally halogen - substituted c 3 - 8 cycloalkyl , cyano , nitro , formyl , c 1 - 6 alkoxy , c 1 - 4 haloalkoxy , benzyloxy , phenoxy , — con ( r 12 )( r 13 ), phenyl optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more halogen atoms , and heterocyclic groups optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more c 1 - 4 alkyl groups ; wherein r 12 and r 13 are each a c 1 - 4 alkyl group , or r 12 and r 13 may join to form a c 2 - 7 alkylene group ; r 11 is a halogen atom ; a c 1 - 6 alkyl group ; a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group ; a c 1 - 4 hydroxyalkyl group ; a c 1 - 4 alkoxycarbonyl group ; a c 1 - 4 alkylcarbonyl group ; a mono or di ( c 1 - 4 alkyl ) aminocarbonyl group ; a nitro group ; a cyano group ; a formyl group ; — c ( r 14 )═ no ( r 15 ); a phenyl group optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 6 alkyl , c 1 - 4 haloalkyl , c 1 - 6 alkoxy , c 1 - 4 haloalkoxy , c 1 - 4 alkylthio , cyano , and nitro ; or a heterocyclic group optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , and c 1 - 4 haloalkyl ; wherein r 14 is a hydrogen atom or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group , and r 15 is a hydrogen atom , a c 1 - 4 alkyl group , or a benzyl group ; x is an oxygen atom , a sulfur atom , or — so 2 —; m is an integer of 1 to 4 , and when m is an integer of 2 or more , the r 1 &# 39 ; s , the number of which is represented by m , may be the same or different ; and n is an integer of 1 or 2 , and when n is 2 , the two r 11 &# 39 ; s may be the same or different . examples of the halogen atom include fluorine , chlorine , bromine , and iodine atoms . examples of the c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and substituted with 1 to 9 , preferably 1 to 5 , halogen atoms . specific examples thereof include fluoromethyl , chloromethyl , bromomethyl , iodomethyl , difluoromethyl , trifluoromethyl , chlorodifluoromethyl , bromodifluoromethyl , dichlorofluoromethyl , 1 - fluoroethyl , 2 - fluoroethyl , 2 - chloroethyl , 2 - bromoethyl , 2 - iodoethyl , 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethyl , 2 , 2 , 2 - trichloroethyl , pentafluoroethyl , 1 - fluoroisopropyl , 3 - fluoropropyl , 3 - chloropropyl , 3 - bromopropyl , 4 - fluorobutyl , 4 - chlorobutyl , 4 , 4 , 4 - trifluorobutyl , and like groups . examples of the c 1 - 4 alkoxycarbonyl group include groups formed by the bonding of a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms to a carbonyl group . specific examples thereof include methoxycarbonyl , ethoxycarbonyl , n - propoxycarbonyl , isopropoxycarbonyl , n - butoxycarbonyl , sec - butoxycarbonyl , tert - butoxycarbonyl , and like groups . examples of the c 1 - 4 alkyl group include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms , such as methyl , ethyl , n - propyl , isopropyl , n - butyl , isobutyl , sec - butyl , and tert - butyl . examples of the c 1 - 4 alkylene group include linear or branched alkylene groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms , such as methylene , ethylene , trimethylene , tetramethylene , propylene , and ethylethylene . examples of the c 1 - 6 alkyl group include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms , such as n - pentyl , isopentyl , neopentyl , tert - pentyl , n - hexyl , isohexyl , and 2 - ethyl - n - butyl , in addition to those mentioned as examples of the c 1 - 4 alkyl group . examples of the c 1 - 20 alkyl group include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms , such as n - heptyl , n - octyl , n - nonyl , n - decyl , n - undecyl , n - dodecyl , n - tridecyl , n - tetradecyl , n - pentadecyl , n - hexadecyl , n - heptadecyl , n - octadecyl , n - nonadecyl , and n - icosyl , in addition to those mentioned as examples of the c 1 - 4 alkyl group and c 1 - 6 alkyl group . examples of the c 3 - 8 cycloalkyl group include cyclic alkyl groups having 4 to 8 carbon atoms , such as cyclopropyl , cyclobutyl , cyclopentyl , cyclohexyl , cycloheptyl , and cyclooctyl . examples of the c 2 - 6 alkenyl group include linear or branched alkenyl groups containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least one double bond at any position . specific examples thereof include vinyl , 1 - propenyl , allyl , isopropenyl , 2 - butenyl , 3 - butenyl , 1 - methyl - 2 - propenyl , 1 , 3 - butadienyl , 1 - pentenyl , 2 - pentenyl , 3 - pentenyl , 4 - pentenyl , 1 , 1 - dimethyl - 2 - propenyl , 1 - ethyl - 2 - propenyl , 1 - methyl - 2 - butenyl , 1 - methyl - 3 - butenyl , 1 - hexenyl , 2 - hexenyl , 3 - hexenyl , 4 - hexenyl , 5 - hexenyl , 1 , 1 - dimethyl - 2 - butenyl , 1 , 1 - dimethyl - 3 - butenyl , and like groups . examples of the c 2 - 6 alkynyl group include linear or branched alkynyl groups containing 2 to 6 carbon atoms and having at least one triple bond at any position . specific examples thereof include ethynyl , 2 - propynyl , 1 - methyl - 2 - propynyl , 1 , 1 - dimethyl - 2 - propynyl , 1 - butynyl , 2 - butynyl , 3 - butynyl , 1 - pentynyl , 2 - pentynyl , 3 - pentynyl , 4 - pentynyl , 1 - methyl - 2 - butynyl , 1 - methyl - 3 - butynyl , 1 , 1 - dimethyl - 2 - butynyl , 1 , 1 - dimethyl - 3 - butynyl , 1 - methyl - 3 - pentynyl , 1 - methyl - 4 - pentynyl , and like groups . examples of the c 1 - 6 haloalkyl group include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and substituted with 1 to 13 , preferably 1 to 7 , halogen atoms . specific examples thereof include 5 - chloropentyl , 5 - fluoropentyl , 6 - chlorohexyl , and 6 - fluorohexyl , in addition to those mentioned as examples of the c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group . examples of the c 2 - 6 haloalkenyl group include c 2 - 6 linear or branched alkenyl groups having at least one double bond at any position and substituted with 1 to 13 , preferably 1 to 7 , halogen atoms . specific examples thereof include 2 , 2 - dichlorovinyl , 2 , 2 - dibromovinyl , 3 - chloro - 2 - propenyl , 3 , 3 - difluoro - 2 - allyl , 3 , 3 - dichloro - 2 - allyl , 4 - chloro - 2 - butenyl , 4 , 4 , 4 - trifluoro - 2 - butenyl , 4 , 4 , 4 - trichloro - 3 - butenyl , 5 - chloro - 3 - pentenyl , 6 - fluoro - 2 - hexenyl , and like groups . examples of the heterocyclic group include thienyl , furyl , tetrahydrofuryl , dioxolanyl , dioxanyl , pyrrolyl , pyrrolinyl , pyrrolidinyl , oxazolyl , isoxazolyl , oxazolinyl , oxazolidinyl , isoxazolinyl , triazolyl , isothiazolyl , thiazolinyl , thiazolidinyl , isothiazolinyl , pyrazolyl , pyrazolidinyl , imidazolyl , imidazolinyl , imidazolidinyl , oxadiazolyl , oxadiazolinyl , thiadiazolinyl , triazolyl , triazolinyl , triazolidinyl , tetrazolyl , tetrazolinyl , pyridyl , dihydropyridyl , tetrahydropyridyl , piperidyl , oxazinyl , dihydroxazinyl , morpholino , thiazinyl , dihydrothiazinyl , thiamorpholino , pyridazinyl , dihydropyridazinyl , tetrahydropyridazinyl , hexahydropyridazinyl , oxadiazinyl , dihydrooxadiazinyl , tetrahydrooxadiazinyl , thiadiazolyl , thiadiazinyl , dihydrothiadiazinyl , tetrahydrothiadiazinyl , pyrimidinyl , dihydropyrimidinyl , tetrahydropyrimidinyl , hexahydropyrimidinyl , pyrazinyl , dihydropyrazinyl , tetrahydropyrazinyl , piperazinyl , triazinyl , dihydrotriazinyl , tetrahydrotriazinyl , hexahydrotriazinyl , tetrazinyl , dihydrotetrazinyl , indolyl , indolinyl , isoindolyl , indazolyl , quinazolinyl , dihydroquinazolyl , tetrahydroquinazolyl , carbazolyl , benzoxazolyl , benzoxazolinyl , benzisoxazolyl , benzisoxazolinyl , benzothiazolyl , benzisothiazolyl , benzisothiazolinyl , benzimidazolyl , indazolinyl , quinolinyl , dihydroquinolinyl , tetrahydroquinolinyl , isoquinolinyl , dihydroisoquinolinyl , tetrahydroisoquinolinyl , pyridoindolyl , dihydrobenzoxazinyl , cinnolinyl , dihydrocinnolinyl , tetrahydrocinnolinyl , phthalazinyl , dihydrophthalazinyl , tetrahydrophthalazinyl , quinoxalinyl , dihydroquinoxalinyl , tetrahydroquinoxalinyl , purinyl , dihydrobenzotriazinyl , dihydrobenzotetrazinyl , phenothiazinyl , furanyl , benzofuranyl , benzothienyl , and like groups . these heterocyclic groups include those substituted at any substitutable position with an oxo or thioketone group . these heterocyclic groups further include those optionally substituted at any substitutable position with 1 to 5 ( preferably 1 to 3 ) substituents , such as halogen atoms , c 1 - 4 alkyl groups , c 1 - 4 haloalkyl groups , or substituted heterocyclic groups ( e . g ., 3 - chloropyridin - 2 - yl , 4 - trifluoromethyl - 1 , 3 - thiazol - 2 - yl , and 5 - trifluoromethylpyridin - 2 - yl ). among these heterocyclic rings , thienyl , furyl , tetrahydrofuryl , dioxolanyl , dioxanyl , oxazolyl , isoxazolyl , thiazolyl , pyrazolyl , pyridyl , and piperidyl are preferable . thienyl , tetrahydrofuryl , dioxolanyl , dioxanyl , thiazolyl , and pyridyl are particularly preferable . examples of the optionally halogen - substituted c 3 - 8 cycloalkyl group include cyclic alkyl groups having 3 to 8 carbon atoms , such as the above - mentioned c 3 - 8 cycloalkyl groups that are optionally substituted at any position with one to the maximum substitutable number of ( preferably 1 to 5 , and more preferably 1 to 3 ) halogen atoms . examples of the c 1 - 6 alkoxy group include linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms , such as methoxy , ethoxy , n - propoxy , isopropoxy , cyclopropyloxy , n - butoxy , sec - butoxy , tert - butoxy , n - pentyloxy , isopentyloxy , neopentyloxy , tert - pentyloxy , n - hexyloxy , and isohexyloxy . examples of the c 1 - 4 haloalkoxy group include linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and substituted with 1 to 9 , preferably 1 to 5 , halogen atoms . specific examples thereof include fluoromethoxy , chloromethoxy , bromomethoxy , iodomethoxy , dichloromethoxy , trichloromethoxy , difluoromethoxy , trifluoromethoxy , chlorodifluoromethoxy , bromodifluoromethoxy , dichlorofluoromethoxy , 1 - fluoroethoxy , 2 - fluoroethoxy , 2 - chloroethoxy , 2 - bromoethoxy , 2 - iodoethoxy , 2 , 2 , 2 - trifluoroethoxy , 2 , 2 , 2 - trichloroethoxy , pentafluoroethoxy , 1 - fluoroisopropoxy , 3 - fluoropropoxy , 3 - chloropropoxy , 3 - bromopropoxy , 4 - fluorobutoxy , 4 - chlorobutoxy , and like groups . examples of the c 1 - 4 alkylthio group include linear or branched alkylthio groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms , such as methylthio , ethylthio , n - propylthio , isopropylthio , and tert - butylthio . examples of the c 2 - 7 alkylene group include ethylene , trimethylene , tetramethylene , pentamethylene , hexamethylene , heptamethylene , and the like . these alkylene groups may contain an optionally substituted nitrogen , oxygen , or sulfur atom , or a phenylene group . examples of such alkylene groups include — ch 2 nhch 2 —, — ch 2 nhch 2 ch 2 —, — ch 2 nhnhch 2 —, — ch 2 ch 2 nhch 2 ch 2 —, — ch 2 nhnhch 2 ch 2 —, — ch 2 nhch 2 nhch 2 —, — ch 2 ch 2 ch 2 nhch 2 ch 2 ch 2 —, — ch 2 och 2 ch 2 —, — ch 2 ch 2 och 2 ch 2 —, — ch 2 sch 2 ch 2 —, — ch 2 ch 2 sch 2 ch 2 —, and like groups . these alkylene groups may be substituted at any position or on the nitrogen atom . examples of such substituents include c 1 - 4 alkyl , c 1 - 6 alkoxycarbonyl , hydroxy , and like groups . examples of the c 1 - 4 alkylcarbonyl group include linear or branched alkylcarbonyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms , such as methylcarbonyl ( acetyl ), ethylcarbonyl ( propionyl ), n - propylcarbonyl ( butyryl ), isopropylcarbonyl ( isobutyryl ), n - butylcarbonyl ( valeryl ), isobutylcarbonyl ( isovaleryl ), sec - butylcarbonyl , and tert - butylcarbonyl . examples of the mono - or di ( c 1 - 4 alkyl ) aminocarbonyl group include alkylaminocarbonyl groups in which nitrogen atoms of the aminocarbonyl groups are mono - or di - substituted with linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms , such as methylaminocarbonyl , dimethylaminocarbonyl , ethylaminocarbonyl , methylethylaminocarbonyl , diethylaminocarbonyl , n - propylaminocarbonyl , isopropylaminocarbonyl , n - butylaminocarbonyl , sec - butylaminocarbonyl , tert - butylaminocarbonyl , and dibutylaminocarbonyl . examples of the hydroxyalkyl group include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and substituted with 1 or 2 hydroxy groups , such as hydroxymethyl , 2 - hydroxyethyl , 1 - hydroxy - 2 - propyl , 3 - hydroxypropyl , 4 - hydroxybutyl , and 3 , 4 - dihydroxybutyl . the n - pyridylpiperidine compound represented by formula ( 1 ) includes n - pyridylpiperidine compounds represented by the following formulas ( 1a ), ( 1b ), and ( 1c ): wherein r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 , r 7 , r 8 , r 9 , r 10 , r 11 , x , m , and n are as defined above . the n - pyridylpiperidine compound of formula ( 1 ), wherein r 2 and r 8 join to form a c 1 - 4 alkylene group may exist as , for example , cis - trans isomers represented by the following formulas ( 1d ) and ( 1e ). the n - pyridylpiperidine compound of the invention represented by formula ( 1 ) includes such isomers . wherein r 1 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 , r 7 , r 9 , r 10 , r 11 , x , m , and n are as defined above , and y is a c 1 - 4 alkylene group . the n - pyridylpiperidine compound of formula ( 1 ), wherein r 4 and r 6 join to form a c 1 - 4 alkylene group may exist as , for example , cis - trans isomers represented by the following formulas ( 1f ) and ( 1g ). the n - pyridylpiperidine compound of the invention represented by formula ( 1 ) includes such isomers . wherein r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 5 , r 7 , r 8 , r 9 , r 10 , r 11 , x , m , and n are as defined above . the n - pyridylpiperidine compound of formula ( 1 ), wherein at least one of r 2 , r 3 , r 4 , r 5 , r 6 , r 7 , r 8 , and r 9 is a c 1 - 4 alkyl group may exist as stereoisomers in relation to the 4 - position of the piperidine ring . the n - pyridylpiperidine compound of the invention represented by formula ( 1 ) includes such isomers . the n - pyridylpiperidine compound represented by formula ( 1 ) may exist as n - oxides formed by oxidation of the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring or piperidine ring of the n - pyridylpiperidine compound . the n - pyridylpiperidine compound of the invention represented by formula ( 1 ) includes these n - oxides . in this specification , for convenience , n - oxide formed by oxidation of the nitrogen atom on the pyridine ring is called n - pyridyl oxide , whereas n - oxide formed by oxidation of the nitrogen atom on the piperidine ring is called n - piperidyl oxide . the n - pyridylpiperidine compound represented by formula ( 1 ) has basic properties , and therefore can form salts with , for example , inorganic acids , such as hydrochloric acid , sulfuric acid , and phosphoric acid ; organic acids , such as formic acid , acetic acid , fumaric acid , oxalic acid , and sulfonic acid ; and acid salts , such as sodium hydrogen sulfate and potassium hydrogen sulfate . the n - pyridylpiperidine compound of the invention represented by formula ( 1 ) includes these salts . among the n - pyridylpiperidine compounds represented by formula ( 1 ), those wherein r 1 is a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group , a cyano group , or a nitro group are preferable , and those wherein r 1 is a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group are more preferable . specifically , those wherein r 1 is a trifluoromethyl group are particularly preferable . preferable among the n - pyridylpiperidine compounds represented by formula ( 1 ) are those wherein r 10 is a c 1 - 20 alkyl group ; a c 2 - 6 alkenyl group ; a c 1 - 6 haloalkyl group ; a c 1 - 6 alkylcarbonyl group ; a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , and c 1 - 4 haloalkyl ); a heterocyclic group ( optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 4 alkyl and c 1 - 4 haloalkyl ); or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group substituted with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 6 alkoxy , phenyl ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ), and heterocyclic groups . more preferable are those wherein r 10 is a c 1 - 6 alkyl group ; a c 2 - 6 alkenyl group ; a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms or c 1 - 4 alkyl groups ); a pyridyl group ( optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or more , and preferably one or two c 1 - 4 alkyl groups ); or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 6 alkoxy , phenyl ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ), and 1 , 3 - dioxolan - 2 - yl . particularly preferable are the compounds wherein r 10 is a c 1 - 6 alkyl group , a pyridyl group , a 2 , 2 - dimethoxyethyl group , or a ( 1 , 3 - dioxolan - 2 - yl ) methyl group . preferable among the n - pyridylpiperidine compounds of the invention represented by formula ( 1 ) are those wherein r 11 is a c 1 - 6 alkyl group , a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group , a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one to three substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , nitro , c 1 - 4 haloalkyl , and c 1 - 4 haloalkoxy ), or a heterocyclic group ( optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ). more preferable are those wherein r 11 is a trifluoromethyl group or a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three halogen atoms ). preferable among the n - pyridylpiperidine compounds of the invention represented by formula ( 1 ) are those wherein x is an oxygen atom . more preferable are compounds of formula ( 1 ) wherein r 1 is a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group , a cyano group , or a nitro group ; r 10 is a c 1 - 20 alkyl group ; a c 2 - 6 alkenyl group ; a c 1 - 6 haloalkyl group ; a c 1 - 6 alkylcarbonyl group ; a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , and c 1 - 4 haloalkyl ); a heterocyclic group ( optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 4 alkyl and c 1 - 4 haloalkyl ); or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group substituted with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 6 alkoxy , phenyl ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ), and heterocyclic groups ; r 11 is a c 1 - 6 alkyl group , a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group , a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one to three substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , nitro , c 1 - 4 haloalkyl , and c 1 - 4 haloalkoxy ), or a heterocyclic group ( optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ); and x is an oxygen atom . among these preferable compounds , particularly preferable are those wherein r 1 is a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group ; r 10 is a c 1 - 6 alkyl group ; a c 2 - 6 alkenyl group ; a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms or c 1 - 4 alkyl groups ); a pyridyl group ( optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or more c 1 - 4 alkyl groups ); or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 4 alkoxy , phenyl ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ), and 1 , 3 - dioxolan - 2 - yl ; r 11 is a trifluoromethyl group or a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three halogen atoms ); and x is an oxygen atom . among the n - pyridylpiperidine compounds of the invention represented by formula ( 1 ), those represented by formulas ( 1a ), ( 1b ), and ( 1f ) are preferable , and those represented by formulas ( 1a ) and ( 1f ) are more preferable . wherein r 1 , r 2 , r 3 , r 5 , r 7 , r 8 , r 9 , r 10 , r 11 , x , m , and n are as defined above . among the n - pyridylpiperidine compounds of the invention represented by formulas ( 1a ) and ( 1f ), those wherein r 1 is a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group or a cyano group are preferable , and those wherein r 1 is a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group are more preferable . specifically , the compounds wherein r 1 is a trifluoromethyl group are particularly preferable . among the n - pyridylpiperidine compounds of the invention represented by formulas ( 1a ) and ( 1f ), preferable are those wherein r 10 is a c 1 - 20 alkyl group ; a c 2 - 6 alkenyl group ; a c 1 - 6 haloalkyl group ; a c 1 - 6 alkylcarbonyl group ; a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , and c 1 - 4 haloalkyl ); a heterocyclic group ( optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 4 alkyl and c 1 - 4 haloalkyl ); or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group substituted with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 6 alkoxy , phenyl ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ), and heterocyclic groups . more preferable are those wherein r 10 is a c 1 - 6 alkyl group ; a c 2 - 6 alkenyl group ; a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms or c 1 - 4 alkyl groups ); a pyridyl group ( optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or more , and preferably one or two c 1 - 4 alkyl groups ); or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 6 alkoxy , phenyl ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ), and 1 , 3 - dioxolan - 2 - yl . particularly preferable are compounds wherein r 10 is a c 1 - 6 alkyl group , a pyridyl group , a 2 , 2 - dimethoxyethyl group , or a ( 1 , 3 - dioxolan - 2 - yl ) methyl . among the n - pyridylpiperidine compounds of the invention represented by formulas ( 1a ) and ( 1f ), preferable are those wherein r 11 is a c 1 - 6 alkyl group , a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group , a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one to three substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , nitro , c 1 - 4 haloalkyl , and c 1 - 4 haloalkoxy ), or a heterocyclic group ( optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ). more preferable are compounds wherein r 11 is a trifluoromethyl group or a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three halogen atoms ). among the n - pyridylpiperidine compounds of the invention represented by formulas ( 1a ) and ( 1f ), those wherein x is an oxygen atom are preferable . more preferable are compounds of formulas ( 1a ) and ( 1f ) wherein r 1 is a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group or a cyano group ; r 10 is a c 1 - 20 alkyl - group ; a c 2 - 6 alkenyl group ; a c 1 - 6 haloalkyl group ; a c 1 - 6 alkylcarbonyl group ; a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , and c 1 - 4 haloalkyl ); a heterocyclic group ( optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 4 alkyl and c 1 - 4 haloalkyl ); or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group substituted with one or more , and preferably one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 6 alkoxy , phenyl ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ), and heterocyclic groups ; r 11 is a c 1 - 6 alkyl group , a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group , a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably 1 to 3 substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of halogen , c 1 - 4 alkyl , nitro , c 1 - 4 haloalkyl , and c 1 - 4 haloalkoxy ), or a heterocyclic group ( optionally substituted on the heterocyclic ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ); and x is an oxygen atom . among these preferable compounds , particularly preferable are those wherein r 1 is a c 1 - 4 haloalkyl group , r 10 is a c 1 - 6 alkyl group ; a c 2 - 6 alkenyl group ; a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms or c 1 - 4 alkyl groups ); a pyridyl group ( optionally substituted on the pyridine ring with one or more , and preferably one or two c 1 - 4 alkyl groups ); or a c 1 - 4 alkyl group substituted with one or two substituents each independently selected from the group consisting of c 1 - 6 alkoxy , phenyl ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one or more , and preferably one or two halogen atoms ), and 1 , 3 - dioxolan - 2 - yl ; r 11 is a trifluoromethyl group or a phenyl group ( optionally substituted on the phenyl ring with one to three halogen atoms ); and x is an oxygen atom . among the n - pyridylpiperidine compounds of the invention represented by formula ( 1a ), preferable are those wherein any one of r 4 , r 5 , r 6 , and r 7 is a c 1 - 4 alkyl group that is positioned trans to the x on the 4 - position of the piperidine ring . particularly preferable are compounds wherein the c 1 - 4 alkyl group is a methyl group . the n - pyridylpiperidine compound represented by formula ( 1 ) can be produced , for example , by the method described in wo 2008 / 026658 . the animal ectoparasite - controlling agent of the present invention characteristically comprises the n - pyridylpiperidine compound represented by formula ( 1 ) as an active ingredient . the controlling agent of the present invention is effective against fleas , mites , lice ( cattle lice , horse lice , sheep lice , linognathus vituli , head lice , etc . ), biting lice ( trichodectes canis , etc . ), and the like that live in the body surface of host animals . in particular , the controlling agent of the present invention has the beneficial effect of preventing mites . in addition , the controlling agent of the present invention is effective against blood - sucking dipteran insects , such as flies , biting midges , black flies , and stable flies . fleas refer to ectoparasitic wingless insects belonging to siphonaptera , specifically fleas belonging to pulicidae , ceratophyllus , or the like . examples of fleas belonging to pulicidae include ctenocephalides canis , ctenocephalides felis , pulex irritans , echidnophaga gallinacea , xenopsylla cheopis , monopsyllus anisus , nosopsyllus fasciatus , etc . mites are , for example , ticks . examples thereof include haemaphysalis longicornis , haemaphysalis japonica , dermacentor reticulatus , dermacentor taiwanesis , haemaphysalis flava , ixodes ovatus , ixodes persulcatus , boophilus microplus , etc . examples of host animals for which the controlling agent of the present invention is effective include pets , such as dogs , cats , mice , rats , hamsters , guinea pigs , squirrels , rabbits , ferrets , and birds ( e . g ., pigeons , parrots , myna birds , paddy birds , parakeets , lovebirds , and canaries ); livestock , such as cattle , horses , pigs , and sheep ; poultry , such as ducks and chicken ; and the like . ectoparasites are parasitic and live on the back , infra - axillary region , lower abdominal region , inner thigh region , etc ., of these host animals . the controlling agent of the present invention may be used as it is , without the addition of any other components . alternatively , the controlling agent can be mixed with various suitable carriers in the form of liquids , solids , or gases , optionally followed by addition of surfactants and other auxiliary materials for preparation of formulations , and then formulated into granules , fine granules , tablets , powders , capsules , premix formulations , solutions , emulsions , and other dosage forms . the amount of the compound of the present invention as an active ingredient in such formulations can be suitably selected from a wide range , depending on various conditions including the type of formulation , place of application , etc . such formulations usually contain the compound in an amount of about 0 . 01 to 95 wt . %, and preferably about 0 . 1 to 50 wt . %. the aforementioned suitable carriers may be those generally used in animal feed drugs . examples thereof are lactose , sucrose , glucose , starch , wheat flour , corn flour , soybean oil cake , defatted rice bran , calcium carbonate , and other commercially available feed raw materials . examples of the surfactant include anionic surfactants ( e . g ., alkali stearate , sodium abietate , alkyl sulfate , sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate , sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate , and fatty acids ), cationic surfactants ( e . g ., water - soluble quaternary ammonium ), nonionic surfactants ( optionally selected from polyoxyethylenated sorbitan esters , polyoxyethylenated alkyl ethers , polyethylene glycol stearate , polyoxyethylenated derivatives of castor oil , polyglycerol esters , polyoxyethylenated fatty alcohols , polyoxyethylenated fatty acids , copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide , etc . ), amphoteric surfactants ( e . g ., lauryl - substituted betaine compounds ), and the like . examples of auxiliary materials for preparation of formulations include fixing agents , dispersing agents , thickeners , preservatives , anti - freezing agents , stabilizers , adjuvants , and the like . examples of fixing agents and dispersing agents include casein , gelatin , polysaccharides ( e . g ., starch , gum arabic , cellulose derivatives , and alginic acid ), lignin derivatives , bentonite , sugars , water - soluble synthetic polymers ( e . g ., polyvinyl alcohol , polyvinylpyrrolidone , and polyacrylic acids ), and the like . examples of thickeners include water - soluble polymer compounds , such as xanthan gum and carboxymethyl cellulose , high - purity bentonite , white carbon , and the like . examples of preservatives include sodium benzoate , p - hydroxybenzoic acid ester , and the like . examples of anti - freezing agents include ethylene glycol , diethylene glycol , and the like . examples of stabilizers include pap ( acidic isopropyl phosphate ), bht ( 2 , 6 - di - tert - butyl - 4 - methylphenol ), bha ( a mixture of 2 - tert - butyl - 4 - methoxyphenol and 3 - tert - butyl - 4 - methoxyphenol ), vegetable oils , mineral oils , surfactants , fatty acids and esters thereof , and the like . examples of adjuvants include soybean oil , corn oil , and like vegetable oils , machine oil , glycerin , polyethylene glycol , and the like . such formulations may be colored with an organic or inorganic dye . the thus - obtained formulations can be used as they are or after being diluted with water or the like . however , fine granules , granules , etc ., are generally used as they are , without being diluted . when emulsions , wettable powders , flowable formulations , etc ., are used after being diluted with water or the like , the active ingredient concentration is generally 0 . 0001 to 50 wt . %, and preferably about 0 . 001 to 10 wt . %. in addition , the controlling agent of the present invention may be previously mixed with other agents , such as insecticides , nematocides , acaricides , fungicides , antifungals , antibacterial agents , anti - inflammatory agents , antiprotozoan drugs , synergists ( e . g ., piperonyl butoxide ), or the like , and then formulated . alternatively , the formulations of the present invention and other such agents may be used in combination when used . when the controlling agent of the present invention is mixed with other animal drugs , the proportion of n - pyridylpiperidine compound and other animal drugs is not particularly limited , but is generally 100 : 0 to 1 : 99 ( weight ratio ). although the dose of the controlling agent of the present invention varies depending on the administration method , the purpose of administration , disease symptoms , etc ., the controlling agent of the present invention may generally be administered to a host animal in a dose of 0 . 01 mg or more and 100 g or less , and preferably 0 . 1 mg or more and 10 g or less , per kg of body weight of the host animal . the controlling agent of the present invention is orally or parenterally administered to a host . when orally administered , for example , the controlling agent of the present invention is mixed with feed of a host animal , and then administered together with the feed ; or tablets , solutions , capsules , wafers , biscuits , minced meat , etc ., containing the controlling agent of the present invention are administered . when parenterally administered , for example , the controlling agent of the present invention is formed into suitable formulations , and then incorporated into the body by intravenous infusion administration , intramuscular administration , intracutaneous administration , subcutaneous administration , spot - on treatment , pore - on treatment , or the like ; or resin pieces , etc ., containing the controlling agent of the present invention are implanted under the skin of a host animal . the present invention is described in more detail below with reference to test examples of the controlling agent of the present invention ; however , the present invention is not limited thereto . test example : mortality of ixodid ticks by filter paper clipping method among the compounds disclosed in wo 2008 / 026658 , compound nos . 1a - 16 , 1a - 17 , 1a - 62 , 1a - 75 , 1a - 76 , 1a - 174 , 1a - 201 , 1a - 208 , 1a - 234 , 1a - 251 , 1a - 262 , 1a - 267 , 1a - 268 , 1a - 274 , 1a - 302 , 1f - 38 , and 1f - 39 were used as test compounds 1 to 17 . acetone was added to each of test compounds 1 to 17 so that the concentration was 0 . 5 mg / ml , thereby preparing solutions . although test compound 15 , which was not dissolved in acetone , formed a heterogeneous suspension , the suspension was used as it was . each of the above prepared solutions was added dropwise in an amount of 1 ml to a square filter paper ( 5 × 10 cm ; area : 50 cm 2 ), and dried on aluminum foil at room temperature for 24 hours . then , each filter paper was folded double on the long side , and both sides were secured with bulldog clips into a bag shape . about 20 ixodid ticks were placed in the bag - like filter paper , and the opening was sealed with a bulldog clip . after 72 hours , the number of dead ticks was calculated . thereafter , the surviving ticks were killed in a freezer , and the total number of ticks was calculated . as a result , a mortality of 70 % or more was achieved by all of test compounds 1 to 17 .
the present invention provides an animal ectoparasite - controlling agent and a method for preventing or treating infection in animals caused by parasites by using the controlling agent . an animal ectoparasite - controlling agent exhibiting excellent insecticidal activity , and a method for preventing or treating infection in animals caused by parasites by using the controlling agent are obtained by using a compound having a pyrazole ring at the 4 - position of the piperidine ring as an active ingredient .