referring to fig1 there is shown a shirred casing stick 11 which may be formed from any one of a variety of materials which are used in conventional food emulsion casing . at one end of the shirred casing stick , an end - closure 13 is formed . the end - closure 13 is sealed and held together by clamp means 15 . clamp means 15 preferably comprises hanger 17 and clip ring 19 . additional views of hanger 17 are shown in fig7 and 8 and will be further explained and described hereinafter . clip ring 19 is preferably formed from a cylindrical section of formable material , for example , a heavy gauge metal wire or a deformable plastic . the cylindrical section of clip ring 19 is longitudinally formed into a circumferential section with the two opposed ends of the foremost cylindrical section being in a relationship approaching abutment with each other ; the two opposed ends may , for example , have a slight gap therebetween or , for example , they may overlap , or they may actually abut , face - to - face . the surface of clip ring 19 is preferably smooth with no roughness and with no sharp edges . the clamp means 15 is formed by gathering a portion of the casing material , used to form the shirred casing stick 11 , around the neck 21 of hanger 17 . the two ends of clip ring 19 which will ultimately relate to each other , approaching abutment , are spread apart and placed in position to surround the casing material gathered around the neck 21 of hanger 17 . then those two ends of clip ring 19 are urged towards each other , for example , by the resilient properties of the material used to form clip ring 19 or by external force , towards the abutting position , thus firmly sealing the interior of casing material to the neck 21 of hanger 17 , with the exterior of that casing material being sealed against the inner circumference of clip ring 19 ; thus , clamp means 15 is formed resulting in the production and maintenance of end - closure 13 . as shown in fig2 end - closure 13 , including clamp means 15 , is inserted into the inner bore 23 of shirred casing stick 11 . the insertion of end - closure 13 into inner bore 23 of shirred casing stick 11 results in the inversion of a portion of the casing material into inner bore 23 as shown in fig2 . this inverted section 25 is preferably sufficient in length to permit the insertion of substantially all of clamp means 15 and end - closure 13 into that inner bore 23 of shirred casing stick 11 as is shown in fig2 . the insertion of end - closure 13 into the inner bore 23 of shirred casing stick 11 is preferably accomplished by a tubular section , for example , a section of pipe 27 which is simply axially extended against the casing material portion of end - closure 13 , thus pushing it into the inner bore 23 of shirred casing stick 11 . the hollow bore of pipe section 27 provides clearance for clamp means 15 while longitudinal extension of the end of pipe section 27 produces a uniform insertion of end - closure 13 into inner bore 23 . referring to fig3 shirred casing stick 11 , with end - closure 13 inserted into inner bore 23 as shown in fig2 is inserted into cup 29 . cup 29 is preferably formed from a heat formable plastic material which , at ambient temperatures , is resilient ; for example , a polyvinyl chloride material may be used . alternately , the material of cup 29 could be a biodegradable material which is not plastic , but rather which may be either organic or inorganic in predominant chemistry . cup 29 includes hollow cylindrical section 31 which , in diameter , is sized such that shirred casing stick 11 may readily be inserted thereinto as shown in fig3 . cup 29 is preferably a preformed item , the preform of which is generally about as shown in cross section in fig3 . hollow cylindrical section 31 of the preform is sufficiently long enough to include an extension section 33 of hollow cylindrical section 31 . extension section 33 extends beyond the length of shirred casing stick 11 as is also shown in fig3 . the length of extension section 33 is about equivalent to the thickness of wall section 35 of shirred casing stick 11 . however , it is preferred that the length of extension section 33 is slightly less than the thickness of wall section 35 , the reason for which will become apparent hereinafter . at the opposite end of cup 29 from extension section 33 is brake / size lip 37 which is generally in the form of a truncated hollow conical section , the largest diameter of which is equivalent to the diameter of hollow cylindrical section 31 and the inner diameter of which is somewhat smaller than the diameter of inner bore 23 of shirred casing stick il as will be hereinafter explained . the angle of the surfaces of brake / size lip 37 is oblique to the axis of cup 29 . as mentioned previously shirred casing stick 11 is inserted into the form of cup 29 , as has just been described referring to fig3 . extension section 33 is then heat formed to extend radially inwardly , preferably at about a 90 ° angle from the axis of hollow cylindrical section 31 , with the end thereof forming cup bore 39 as shown in fig4 . cup bore 39 is nominally equivalent to or slightly larger in diameter than inner bore 23 of shirred casing stick 11 . the reality is that there is and may be some variation in the size of cup bore 39 resulting from some small but tolerable variations in the manufacturing processes . the function of extension section 33 , when formed as just described , is simply to hold shirred casing stick 11 within cup 29 and to provide a protective package section such that rapid insertion of the combination shown in fig4 onto the stuffing horn of food emulsion stuffing equipment , will not damage the casing material of shirred casing stick 11 . the means of heat forming extension section 33 are not part of this invention and any of several different means for making such type of formation , as are well known to those with skill in the art , may be employed . for example one such method , which might be readily adapted to form extension section 33 into cup bore 39 , is described in u . s . pat . no . 4 , 484 , 679 , a reference which is discussed above . referring to fig5 the packaged shirred casing stick of fig4 as packaged in cup 29 , is shown with food emulsion stuffing horn 41 inserted through cup bore 39 and engaged with end - closure 13 such that end - closure 13 ( which cannot be entirely seen in fig5 ) is positioned somewhat within stuffing horn 41 . as is shown in fig5 hanger 17 is partially exposed above the lead end 43 of stuffing horn 41 . as stuffing horn 41 is inserted into the inner bore 23 of shirred casing stick 11 , through cup bore 39 , inverted section 25 substantially becomes inserted into the hollow interior of stuffing horn 41 provided that stuffing horn 41 is not already substantially full of food emulsion from the extrusion filling of previous casings . at any rate , whether stuffing horn 41 is filled or empty the arrangement of inverted section 25 is such that , to the greatest extent possible , the opportunity for entrapment of air and other gases is substantially reduced . if stuffing horn 41 is filled with food emulsion extrusion , the interior of the casing material of shirred casing stick 11 , which is part of inverted section 25 and end - closure 13 , will come into direct contact with that extruded emulsion material within stuffing horn 41 , with air and gas , that otherwise might be entrapped , escaping along the open area between the exterior of stuffing horn 41 and the inner bore 23 of shirred casing stick 11 , then through cup bore 39 . thus , it is significant to insure that cup bore 39 does not have a gas tight or air tight fit to the exterior of stuffing horn 41 . thus , the diameter of cup bore 39 , although it may be nominally equivalent to the outside diameter of that portion of stuffing horn 41 onto which cup bore 38 is fitted , the actual diameter of cup bore 39 should be at least slightly larger in diameter . in the event that stuffing horn 41 is empty , with the placement of inverted section 25 and end - closure 13 within the interior of stuffing horn 41 , as the food emulsion material is extruded into and toward the lead end 43 of stuffing horn 41 , the air and gases which are displaced , likewise , are expelled from lead end 43 of stuffing horn 41 , through that open area between the exterior of stuffing horn 41 and inner bore 23 of shirred casing stick 11 , and through cup bore 39 . referring to fig6 as food emulsion product is extruded through stuffing horn 41 , it pushes end - closure 13 out of stuffing horn 41 , past the lead end 43 thereof , and through brake / size aperture 45 which forms the smallest diameter of brake / size lip 37 . at this point , axially directed pressure is applied by pressure ring 47 against the exterior of brake / size lip 37 which , being made of a resilient material , is forced axially to engage the lead end 43 of stuffing horn 41 such that the casing material of shirred casing stick 11 is frictionally compressed therebetween . brake / size aperture 45 is smaller in diameter than lead end 43 of stuffing horn 41 such that the casing material extending from shirred casing stick 11 , after it passes the frictional compression caused by brake / size lip 37 being flexed to engage stuffing horn 41 , must now traverse through brake / size aperture 45 which is sized to maintain a uniform desired diameter for the food emulsion product which is being extruded . brake / size aperture 45 is adjustable , within a limited range , by the application of varying degrees of axial pressure onto brake / size lip 37 by pressure ring 47 . it will be noted that lead end 43 of stuffing horn 41 is slightly tapered , or alternatively takes the form of a truncated hemisphere , but not to the extent of the truncated conical section of brake / size lip 37 . pressure ring 47 has , on the other hand , at its pressure face 49 , an angled face adapted to generally meet with the oblique angle included in the conical section of brake / size lip 37 . pressure ring 47 may be somewhat resilient being comprised of , for example , a material such as hard rubber or a relatively high durometer synthetic elastomer . the diameter of pressure ring aperture 51 which extends through pressure ring 47 is sized to be larger than the outside diameter of stuffing horn 41 such that the location of the pressure that is directly applied to brake / size lip 37 is applied at a point thereon which is sufficiently spaced apart from the exterior of the lead end 43 of stuffing horn 41 , and is resiliently bendable , such that the portion of brake / size lip 37 , which is engaging stuffing horn 41 , pressure deforms into a flare pattern , applying imposing pressure to the casing material therebetween as shown in fig7 . the degree of bend and flaring which is imposed to that section of brake / size lip 37 will tend to alter the diameter of brake / size aperture 45 , thus providing a variable degree of control to the size of the encased food emulsion product which is being extruded through stuffing horn 41 and being encased by the casing material from shirred casing stick 11 . thus , the combination of pressure ring 47 , brake / size lip 37 and the lead end 43 of stuffing horn 41 , as shown in fig7 provide both a brake to the casing material , being drawn from shirred casing stick 11 by the extruding food emulsion product , and also a means for controlling the diameter of that encased food emulsion product , i . e ., a sizing means . the pressure that is applied by pressure ring 47 is the result of force being applied to pressure ring 47 by any of a variety of different easily envisioned means which will be quite familiar to those with skill in the art . for example , as shown in fig6 pressure ring 47 might be mounted by an extensor 67 to an arm 69 which is , itself , pivotally mounted 71 to a hydraulic cylinder 73 ; the arm 69 and pressure ring 47 could be pivoted out of the way for ease of loading the packaged shirred casing stick 11 , as shown in fig4 while the hydraulic cylinder 73 could be readily engaged to move pressure ring 47 towards brake / size lip 37 . alternately , for example , mechanical screw means of any variety of different types might be employed ; for example , adaptation of the present invention could readily be made to the apparatus shown in fig6 and 7 of u . s . pat . no . 4 , 709 , 450 and 4 , 773 , 128 to substantially simplify the mechanisms which are shown in those reference drawing figures . referring to fig8 there is shown an end view of hanger 17 . view ix -- ix of fig8 is a side view of the hanger 17 as shown in fig9 . correspondingly , view viii -- viii of fig9 is the end view of hanger 17 shown in fig8 . referring to fig8 and 9 , hanger flange 43 is shown as being in the form , generally , of a doughnut without the hole . extending from hanger flange 53 is neck 21 which is hour - glass in form , having at the end thereof transition 55 from a round hour glass form to a flat form , which is tab 57 . about centrally located in the flat section of tab 57 is means for hanging , shown in the shape of a star formed of a series of intersecting slits 59 through which a rigid member can be poked , thus opening up an aperture from which hanger 17 , and the encased food emulsion product as well , may be hung . slits 59 are effectively perforations substantially through the thickness of tab 57 of hanger 17 . fig1 shows a convenient carton 61 shaped and sized such that multiples of packaged shirred casing sticks , as shown in fig4 may be aligned therein such that when the carton 61 is set in place in the magazine apparatus of the automated or semi - automated food emulsion stuffing equipment , as is shown in fig1 , then each row of packaged shirred casing sticks is axially aligned with the stuffing horn onto which they are to be loaded . each row , of packaged shirred casing sticks , includes a plurality of those sticks , all coaxially aligned . carton 61 includes pull tray 63 which may be pulled out with the plurality of packaged shirred casing sticks as is shown in fig1 . pull tray 63 is adapted such that each of the packaged shirred casing sticks as shown in fig4 may readily be fitted onto the stuffing horn , or multiplicity of horns , of a food emulsion stuffing system . in fig1 there is shown a turret 65 with four stuffing horns 41 located thereon . onto each stuffing horn 41 , as shown in fig1 , there is fitted a shirred casing stick 11 . carton 61 and pull tray 63 are sized to readily fit to and be adapted to the already existing , more or less standard size , loading magazine means used in conjunction with several varieties of automated or semi - automated food emulsion stuffing equipment presently in use , as are well known to those with skill in the art . although the invention has been described in considerable detail with respect to the preferred embodiments thereof it will be apparent that the invention is capable of numerous modifications and variations to those skilled in the art , without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims which are hereby included by this reference in this specification .
the shirred casing disclosed is packaged in a plastic tube with the lead end of that tube formed into a combined brake / size means which applies oblique frictional force and variable size control to the food emulsion as it is being extruded into the case ; also disclosed are means for permitting gas pressure build - up to be relieved and the gas to escape .