like reference numerals will be used to refer to like or similar parts from figure to figure in the following description of the invention . the garment hanger of this invention is particularly well suited for assembly to a garment at a remote garment manufacturing location and thereafter retention of the garment on the hanger until the hanger is separated from the garment at the retail sales outlet by a retail sales clerk or by the purchaser at his home . in view of this highly desirable characteristic the hanger will sometimes hereinafter be referred to as a “ ship - on ” hanger . the ship - on hanger of this invention is indicated generally at 10 in fig1 . the hanger includes a horizontal body , indicated generally at 11 , hook means , indicated generally at 12 , and left and right clamp assemblies , indicated generally at 13 and 14 respectively . a hook boss is indicated generally at 15 , the hook boss being , in this instance , formed integrally with the body 11 to provide a base or socket for receiving the tail section 16 of the hook means 12 . it should be understood that the hook means 12 can be either rigidly held in the hook boss 15 or be rotatable with respect thereto . both systems are conventional in the art though the advantages of the invention may be more markedly appreciated when the hook means is non - rigidly received in the hook boss . body 11 is formed in the shape of an i - beam consisting of an upper flange 18 , a lower flange 19 , and a web 20 . in this instance it will be noted , primarily from fig6 that upper flange 18 is slightly wider than lower flange 19 and right housing wall 33 , to be described hereinafter . the upper flange 18 extends the length of the body and then , at its far left end portion , blends into and forms the upper surface 22 of left clamp assembly 13 . by the same token the far right end portion blends into and forms the upper surface 23 of right clamp assembly 14 . the end portion of the upper flange 22 extends downwardly from the plane of the top of the upper half 18 to form an end shield 25 which extends about half way down the outer edge of clamp assembly 13 . the ends of lower flange 19 terminate at the clamp assemblies which are located at the ends of the body as will be noted from the , in this instance , rounded end portions 31 and 32 in fig4 . the housing of left clamp assembly 13 is formed from the end portion 22 of flange 18 , the end shield 25 , and the right housing wall , indicated generally at 33 , which is comprised of an upper , curved portion 34 , which extends from the underside of flange 18 to a junction with rounded end portion 31 , and a vertical extension 35 whose lower end terminates at the same level as the lower end of end shield 25 . a pivot bar 36 extends from the inside surface of end sheld 25 to the inside surface of extension 35 . since the clamp assemblies 13 and 14 are mirror images of one another only one need be described of which left clamp assembly 13 best illustrates the structure and advantages of this portion of the invention . from fig1 , 2 and 3 it will be seen that left clamp assembly 13 includes a rear half indicated generally at 44 and a front half indicated generally at 45 . the rear surface 46 of the rear half 44 is , in this instance , almost flush with the edge of the upper flange 18 and the end shield 25 . by the same token , the front surface 47 of the front half 45 is , in this instance , almost flush with edge of the upper flange 18 and the end shield 25 . it will be understood that , if desired , the edge of end shield 25 and the surfaces 46 and 47 may be co - extensive . it is only essential that the offset , if any , between the edges of end shield 25 and surfaces 46 and 47 not be so great that the associated rear half 44 and front half 45 of the clamp are so far exposed that when a similar adjacent hanger is pushed or pulled in the general direction of the length of flange 18 , one clamp on hanger 10 can snag a similar clamp on the adjacent hanger and cause one or both clamps to open momentarily and drop that portion of a garment with which it is in gripping engagement . the relation of the clamp assemblies 13 and 14 to the rigid body 11 is of key importance in this invention . specifically , the clamp assemblies are bodily articulatable with respect to the rigid body 11 . more specifically , the clamp assemblies 13 and 14 are bodily pivotable , while in clamping engagement with a garment , about a pivot axis carried by the rigid body 11 . referring now particularly to fig1 , 7 , 8 and 9 it will be seen that rear half 44 of left clamp assembly 13 has a series of generally elongated triangularly shaped ribs 50 , 51 , 52 and 53 , see fig7 which project inwardly from the inside surface 54 of rear clamp half 44 . each of ribs 50 and 53 has a seat , indicated at 50 a and 53 a , the seats being aligned with one another and shaped to receive pivot bar 36 in rotatable relationship . one half of a segmented collar , indicated generally at 55 , is formed integrally with and extends between ribs 51 and 52 , said half collar forming an elongated half seat for pivot bar 36 between seats 50 a and 53 a . upper and lower shrouds 56 and 57 together with their common rear portion , not shown , form both a seat for horizontal pivot bar 36 and one half of a seat for a vertically located , inverted u - shaped spring 58 , see fig1 - 4 and 10 . the right half 45 of left clamp assembly 13 has a plurality of elongated triangularly shaped ribs similar to ribs 50 - 53 of rear clamp half 44 , two of which are indicated at 59 and 60 . rib 59 has a seat 59 a analogous to seat 50 a of rib 50 , and the center ribs which project from the inside surface 61 of front half 45 have upper and lower shrouds 62 and 63 which nestle alongside shrouds 56 and 57 when the halves are in assembled relationship . thus , when rear half 44 and front half 45 are assembled to a pivot bar 36 and to one another by spring 58 , the clamp assembly has a pivotable seat of near maximum width which provides maximum stability of the clamp assembly with respect to the rigid hanger body 11 . rear half 44 has an opening 65 and front half 45 has a matching opening 66 for receiving spring 58 . it will be noted that , in this construction , the edges of the u - shaped spring extend downwardly a much greater distance than do the legs of springs in conventional hangers . indeed , as can be appreciated from fig1 and 7 - 9 , the lower end of each spring leg is at a near maximum lower level and , most importantly , directly opposite the garment gripping means , here teeth , 68 and 69 . the upper edge of the retaining indent 70 , see fig4 and 10 , locks under the upper wall 71 , see fig9 of a retaining recess 72 at a location at which the inwardly directed gripping force of the u - shaped spring 58 can exert maximum clamping force on the rear half 44 and front half 45 , and hence maximum gripping force on a garment retained in the clamp assembly . the garment gripping and garment empty conditions of the left clamp assembly 13 are shown in fig2 and 3 respectively . fig1 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention which makes possible a 50 % reduction in the number of sizes of hangers which need be used to display garments of differing widths . at the present time garment manufacturers and retailers are often required to order and use four different sizes of hangers which sizes may be 9 inch , 10 inch , 11 inch and 12 inch , though other arrangements are possible . it will be understood that each size hanger requires a separate mold , or at least a special mold insert , and production and inventory problems are inherent in such a system . for example , should the garment hanger manufacturer be required to ship one million of each of four different length hangers , and one of the molds for one size go out of service for some reason , the entire shipment must be held up until the out of service size is repaired and brought into service . such a delay ripples out into the garment indusry , first to the garment manufacturer and eventually to the retailer , to the great disadvantage and cost ( in terms of lost or deferred sales ) to all downstream users of the hanger . thus it would be a great competitive and manufacturing advantage to have only one , or a minimum number , of sizes of hangers . if one machine in a group of machines producing only one or a small number of sizes goes out of service , the resultant delay is only a fraction of that encountered when one machine in a group of machines producing different sizes of hangers goes out of service . the embodiment of fig1 meets this need . the pivot bar 74 has been extended at least one half inch , indicated at 73 , beyond the edge of its associated clamp assembly . it will be understood that a one half inch extension on each of the two clamp assemblies on a single hanger will provide an additional inch of gripping width , and hence one hanger configuration may handle garments for which separate 9 inch and 10 inch hangers were formerly required , and a second hanger configuration may handle garments for which separate 11 inch and 12 inch hangers were formerly required . thus , the hanger configurations have been reduced by 50 % over the conventional four configurations . common to all embodiments however is the concept that the swinging movement of each clamp assembly about its associated pivot bar is in no way restricted by the balance of the hanger which is rigid . this articulation can be readily appreciated from the clearance 64 between the underside of the right end portion of the flange 18 and the top edges of the rear and front clamp halves as seen in fig1 and 10 , and diagrammatically represented in fig2 by the arrows 75 , 76 , 77 and 78 . the end shields 25 are particularly effective when hung garments are placed back onto a rack . customers who have extracted a hung garment from a rack for observation are often quite careless in returning the garment which has just been observed back onto the rack . at the present time retail sales personnel are faced with the frequent task of picking up garments which have been completely or partially knocked off their hanger by careless and hurried handling by potential buyers . since end shields 25 cover the outermost edges of the front halves of their associated clamp assemblies , there is no opportunity to snag a clamp on a racked garment and cause it to open and drop its garment . it should also be noted that the illustrated and described construction provides maximum rack density ; the greater the number of garments which can be displayed per lineal foot of rack the greater will be the sales of garments . by ensuring that ( a ) the edge of the end shields 25 , and ( b ) the outside surface of the outer half of each clamp assembly lies in the same plane , or almost the same plane , when the hanger supports a garment , only the absolute minimum of rack length is required to display a garment . indeed , in trials to date , a rack density of 12 % greater than conventional hangers has been achieved . it should also be noted that by reason of the placement of the reinforcing ribs 50 - 53 and 59 , 60 in opposing positions with respect to one another as a result of the need to provide the flat outside surfaces 46 , 47 on the outside surfaces of the clamp halves , up to approximately a 20 % thinner construction results . it should also be again noted that the greater than usual drop of the clamp assemblies from the hanger body enables a spring clip of a much longer vertical dimension to be used than was heretofore customary . with the illustrated construction the spring is able to reach down all the way to the tooth clamping areas of the inner portions of the jaws , and hence maximum spring derived clamping force is obtained . as a result creep of the clip during shipping of garments on hangers is eliminated and no garments are to be found lying in a crumpled heap at the bottom of the shipping container when it is opened at its destination . although a specific example , and modifications thereof , have been illustrated and described , it will at once be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications to the basic inventive concept may be made within the spirit and scope of the invention . hence the scope of the invention should only be limited only by the scope of the hereafter appended claims when interpreted in light of the relevant prior art , and not by the foregoing exemplary description .
an articulatable ship - on garment hanger having shielding means on the hanger body to prevent dislodgement of a garment from the hanger by outwardly directly dislodging forces , said means extending downwardly over the outside edges of the clamps to prevent dislodgement of a garment from a hanger by inwardly directed dislodging forces , the hanger having a pivot bar and the clamps having associated bar receiving structure which allows the clamps to swivel about the pivot bar in response to dislodgement forces imposed on the clamp means to thereby enable the clamp means to remain in gripping engagement with the hung garment under all bumps , shocks and dislodgement forces imposed on the clamp halves .