commercially available bioassays ( see , sbh sciences inc ., nattick , mass . and biocpmare inc .) can be used to test interferon . in addition , methods that assay the activity of interferon are described in lleonart et al . ( nature biotech ( 1990 ) 8 : 1263 - 1267 ); sedmk and grossberg ( j . gen . virology ( 1973 ) 21 : 1 - 7 ); and baumgarth and kelso ( j . virology ( 1996 ) 70 ( 7 ): p 4411 - 4418 ). immunoassays that measure the binding of ligand or receptor to polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies are known in the art . commercially available antibodies are available to detect the ligand or receptor in samples and also for use in competitive inhibition studies ( for example , abcam plc ., cambridge , uk ) the components of the fusion proteins were generated by pcr using primers designed to anneal to the ligand or receptor and to introduce suitable restriction sites for cloning into the target vector ( fig1 a ). the template for the pcr comprised the target gene and was obtained from image clones , cdna libraries or from custom synthesised genes . once the ligand and receptor genes with the appropriate flanking restriction sites had been synthesised , these were then ligated either side of the linker region in the target vector ( fig1 b ). the construct was then modified to contain the correct linker without flanking restriction sites by the insertion of a custom synthesised length of dna between two unique restriction sites either side of the linker region , by mutation of the linker region by ssdna modification techniques , by insertion of a primer duplex / multiplex between suitable restriction sites or by pcr modification ( fig1 c ). alternatively , the linker with flanking sequence , designed to anneal to the ligand or receptor domains of choice , was initially synthesised by creating an oligonucleotide duplex and this processed to generate double - stranded dna ( fig1 a ). pcrs were then performed using the linker sequence as a “ megaprimer ”, primers designed against the opposite ends of the ligand and receptor to which the “ megaprimer ” anneals to and with the ligand and receptor as the templates . the terminal primers were designed with suitable restriction sites for ligation into the expression vector of choice ( fig1 b ). expression was carried out in a suitable system ( e . g . mammalian cho cells , e . coli ) and this was dependant on the vector into which the lr - fusion gene was generated . expression was then analysed using a variety of methods which could include one or more of sds - page , native page , western blotting , elisa . once a suitable level of expression was achieved the rl - fusions were expressed at a larger scale to produce enough protein for purification and subsequent analysis . purification was carried out using a suitable combination of one or more chromatographic procedures such as ion exchange chromatography , hydrophobic interaction chromatography , ammonium sulphate precipitation , gel filtration , size exclusion and / or affinity chromatography ( using nickel / cobalt - resin , antibody - immobilised resin and / or ligand / receptor - immobilised resin ). purified protein was analysed using a variety of methods which could include one or more of bradford &# 39 ; s assay , sds - page , native page , western blotting , elisa . denaturing page , native page gels and western blotting were used to analyse the fusion polypeptides and western blotting performed with antibodies non - conformationally sensitive to the lr - fusion . native solution state molecular weight information can be obtained from techniques such as size exclusion chromatography using a superose g200 analytical column and analytical ultracentrifugation . all clones were ligated using the restriction enzymes nhe1 / hindiii , into the mammalian expression plasmid psectag - link . clones were attached to the secretion signal for human interferon for efficient secretion into cell media . the whole gene for a7b1 [ fig1 a ; seq id no : 186 )] was cloned using gene synthesis and cloned into the mammalian expression vector psectag - link to form pifnsectag - a7b1 . a mammalian expression system has been established using a modification of the invitrogen vector psectag - v5 / frt - hist . this system allows for the rapid generation of stable clones into specific sites within the host genome for high expression . this can be used with either secreted or cytoplasmic expressed proteins . flp - in host cell lines ( flp - in cho ) have a single flp recombinase target ( frt ) site located at a transcriptionally active genomic locus stable cell lines are generated by co - transfection of vector ( containing frt target site ) and pog44 ( a plasmid that transiently expresses flp recombinase ) into flp - in cell line . selection is with hygromycin b . there is no need for clonal selection since integration of dna is directed . culturing flp - in cell lines : followed manufactures instruction using basic cell culture techniques . the day before transfection , cho flp - in cells were seeded at 6 × 10e5 per 100 mm petri dish in a total volume of 10 ml of hams f12 media containing 10 % ( v / v ) fetal calf serum , 1 % penicillin / streptomycin and 4 mm l - glutamine . the next day added 570 μl of serum free media ( containing no antibiotics ) to a 1 . 5 ml polypropylene tube . 30 μl of fugene - 6 was then added and mixed by gentle rolling . a separate mix of plasmids was set up for each transfection which combined 2 μg plasmid of interest with 18 μg pog44 ( plasmid contains recombinase enzyme necessary for correct integration of plasmid into host genome ). control plate received no plasmid . this was mixed with fugene - 6 by gentle rolling , left @ rmt for 15 minutes , then applied drop - wise to the surface of the each petri dish containing cho flp - in cells in f12 media + 10 % fcs . the plates were gently rolled to ensure good mixing and left for 24 hrs @ 37 ° c ./ 5 % co2 . the next day media was exchanged for selective media containing hygromycin b @ 600 ug / ml . cells were routinely kept at 60 % confluency or less . cells were left to grow in the presence of 600 ug / ml hygromycin b until control plate cells ( non transfected cells ) had died ( i . e . no hygromycin resistance ). confluent cho flp - in cell lines expressing the protein of interest were grown in 75 cm2 flasks for approximately 3 - 4 days in serum free media , at which point samples were taken and concentrated using acetone precipitation . samples were mixed with an equal volume of laemmli loading buffer in the presence or absence of 25 mm dtt and boiled for 5 minutes . samples were analysed by sds - page and transferred to a pvdf membrane . after blocking in 5 % ( w / v ) milk protein in pbs - 0 . 05 % ( v / v ) tween 20 , sample detection was carried out using a specific anti - igf - 1 antibody together with a horse radish peroxidase ( hrp ) conjugated secondary antibody . visualisation was by chemiluminesence on photographic film using an hrp detection kit . cho flp - in cells were seeded at 0 . 25 × 10e6 cells per well of a 6 well plate in a total volume of 2 ml media ( dmem , f12 , 10 % fcs + p / s + l - glutamine + zeocin ). cells were left to grow o / n . cells were then transfected using either translt - cho reagent ( mirus ) or fugene - 6 at the specified reagent ratios stated in table 1 . control transfections were set up using 1b7stop ( gh containing chimeric molecule ). briefly , if using transit reagent , 200 ul of serum free media ( opti mem ) was added to a 1 . 5 ml eppendorff per transfection followed by 2 ug dna . the tubes were left for 15 minutes at rmt . 1 ul of cho mojo reagent was then added , mixed and left for a further 15 minutes . media was changed to serum free and the transfection mix pippetted dropwise onto the surface of the appropriate well . briefly , if using fugene - 6 reagent , 94 ul of serum free media ( opti mem ) was added to a 1 . 5 ml seppendorff per transfection followed by 2 ug dna . the tubes were left for 15 minutes at rmt . transfection mix was then pippetted drop wise onto the surface of the appropriate well containing serum free media . all plate were left @ 37 ° c ./ 5 % co 2 for 2 - 3 days two groups were compared with a student &# 39 ; s test if their variance was normally distributed or by a student - satterthwaite &# 39 ; s test if not normally distributed . distribution was tested with an f test . one - way anova was used to compare the means of 3 or more groups and if the level of significance was p & lt ; 0 . 05 individual comparisons were performed with dunnett &# 39 ; s tests . all statistical tests were two - sided at the 5 % level of significance and no imputation was made for missing values . all clones were ligated using the restriction enzymes nhei / hindiii , into the mammalian expression plasmid psectag - link . clones were attached to the secretion signal for human ifni3 for efficient secretion into cell media . the whole genes for 13e1 and 13f1 were cloned using gene synthesis and cloned into the mammalian expression vector psectag - link to form pifni3sectag 13e1 and pifni3sectag13f1 . a mammalian expression system has been established using a modified invitrogen vector psectag - v5 / frt - hist . this vector is used in invitrogen &# 39 ; s fip - in system to direct integration of the target gene into the host cell line , allowing rapid generation of stable clones into specific sites within the host genome for high expression . culturing fip - in cell lines : followed manufacturer &# 39 ; s instruction using basic cell culture techniques . stable cell lines were generated in 6 - well plates using fugene - 6 as the transfection reagent . the cho fip - in cells were co - transfected with the expression vector and pog44 , a plasmid that expresses flp recombinase , an enzyme which causes the recombination of the lr - fusion gene into a “ hot - spot ” of the cell chromosome . hygromycin b was used to select for cells with positive recombinants . once the stable cell lines had been established they were grown on 75 cm 2 culture plates , at a confluency of 50 - 70 % the media was changed to serum free media . the cultures were incubated for a further 2 - 4 days after which media samples were taken . these were run on 13 % sds - page gels and transferred to pvdf membrane for immuno - blotting . after blocking in 5 % ( w / v ) milk protein in pbs + 0 . 05 % ( v / v ) tween 20 , sample detection was carried out using a specific anti - il28b antibody together with a horse radish peroxidase ( hrp ) conjugated secondary antibody . visualisation was by chemiluminesence on photographic film using an hrp detection kit . the transient and stable expression of fusion protein 13e1 and 13f1 as represented by the amino acid sequence shown in fig1 a and 18 b ( seq id no : 186 and 187 ) are illustrated in fig1 a and fig1 b respectively .
the disclosure relates to interferon lambda fusion polypeptides and dimers ; nucleic acid molecules encoding said polypeptides and / or dimers , vectors and transformed cells including such nucleic acid molecules , pharmaceutical compositions including the interferon lambda fusion polypeptides and / or dimers , and methods of treating a disorder in a human subject by administering the polypeptides and / or dimers .