the phacoemulsification sleeve 10 of the present invention is a silicone sleeve with a built - in reinforcing member . the sleeve can be used in an ultrasonic handpiece similar to the one disclosed in applicant &# 39 ; s commonly owned u . s . pat . no . 5 , 242 , 385 to strukel , the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference . the sleeve is essentially a silicone sleeve of approximately 0 . 005 inches thickness with an overall dimension of approximately 1 . 0 inch , as shown in fig1 . in a preferred embodiment of the present invention , interwoven in the silicone walls of the sleeve are strands of teflon or metallic - based material 12 to provide a rigid frame for the silicone walls . in an alternative embodiment , the teflon or metallic material is in the form of a spiral or single strand that are embedded in the silicone walls of the sleeve . alternatively , the sleeve could be impregnated with strands of fiber glass or kevlar which will also act as a reinforcing member . of course , the sleeve could be reinforced with any number of different devices so long as the reinforcing member has a higher durometer ( i . e ., is harder ) than the silicone . the resulting sleeve has the advantages of both a rigid sleeve and a compressible sleeve , without suffering from the deleterious effects that plague each individual approach . by having a relatively compressible outer layer , the sleeve of the present invention is able to be deformed slightly in order to match the shape or contour of the eye incision 14 , in the cornea 15 , as illustrated in fig2 a - 2b . however , because the present sleeve has a built - in rigid frame , it is not deformable to the extent that a completely compressible silicone sleeve would be deformed . this reduction in deformation avoids the prior art disadvantages such as rubbing between the silicone sleeve and the vibrating tip that results in heat generation and thermal burns , as well as constriction of the fluid flow path into the eye . during phacoemulsification the ultrasonic needle radiates ultrasonic energy from its tip into the eye and pushes fluid and lens material away from the tip . the flow through the aspiration port brings the material to the tip . the ideal effect is to efficiently bring the cataract to the tip , completely emulsify the cataract and aspirate the emulsified cataract through the ultrasonic needle . to enhance the emulsification , surfaces can be added to the inside or outside of the ultrasonic needle which will direct ultrasonic waves in the desired direction . ultrasonic needles are currently manufactured of titanium and have a generally circular cross - section as illustrated in fig6 a and 6b . the needles 16 are used for phacoemulsification and for cutting and removing tissue during surgery . other cross - sectional shapes such as a triangle , as illustrated in fig6 c and 6d , or polygonal shapes , such as a hexagon , as illustrated in fig6 e and 6f can be used to improve the cutting and emulsification properties of the needle . in addition , the use of non - circular cross - sectional needle shapes will provide a flat surface which may be a more practical surface to work with to weld or machine other surfaces to the needle . these additional surfaces would then vibrate with the needle . the surfaces , which will generate ultrasonic energy , can be arranged so that the ultrasonic energy is directed in the preferred areas . conventionally , ultrasonic needles have been manufactured having circular openings at the distal end . this opening is known as the aspiration hole 18 . the aspiration opening within the needle is simply made by drilling a throughbore in the titanium shaft . an alternative method of forming the needle 16 would be to not drill the hole completely through the needle but to leave the distal end of the needle closed . in other words , a blind bore would be drilled into the needle . an aspiration hole 18 would then be provided on the side of the needle 16 . an advantage of providing the aspiration hole 18 in the side of the needle is that the distal axial end of the needle can then be made , by machining , to any desired shape , such as a flat surface or a slanted wedge shape , as illustrated in fig7 a and 7b . numerous other end configurations are illustrated in fig8 a - 27b . a further advantage of placing the aspiration hole 18 in the side of the needle 16 is that the hole 18 can be placed anywhere along the needle surface and can be sized and / or shaped depending on the needs of the user . a further advantage is that with the closed tip , additional ultrasonic energy will be emitted from the closed tip surface which will aid in emulsifying tissue . the specific shape of the tip , including the angle , concavity , convexity , etc . can be designed to selectively focus ultrasonic energy . additionally , surface area can be designed to emit either a large or small amount of ultrasonic energy . generally , the larger the surface area , the larger the amount of ultrasonic energy which will be generated . in certain portions of the tip it is important to emit less ultrasonic energy to reduce the likelihood of breakage to the posterior capsule . the ultrasonic waves radiate from the metallic surfaces . accordingly , the surface of the tip could be modified so that it will intensely focus the ultrasonic energy to emulsify tissue . however , if the surface is designed to focus low ultrasonic energy , that surface can be used to selectively clean tissue without the emulsification of tissue taking place . additionally , if the ultrasonic energy is finely focused , that energy can be used to cut the tissue . accordingly , the surfaces of the tip can be designed to be tissue specific in its ability to focus ultrasonic energy . various embodiments of ultrasonic needles 16 are illustrated in fig7 a - 27b . each of these needle embodiments have holes of various sizes and shapes and various needle surfaces to vary the amount of focusing of the ultrasonic energy and the amount of aspiration through the aspiration hole 18 . as discussed above , conventional ultrasonic needles have only one aspiration port 18 which is disposed at the axial distal end of the needle . applicants have discovered that the addition of a second aspiration port , disposed near the main aspiration port or even as part of the main aspiration port can provide numerous advantages in the use of the needle 16 . fig2 a and b illustrate an embodiment where the second aspiration port 18 &# 39 ; can be disposed as being a part of the main aspiration port 18 . for example , during certain uses of the needle you will want to build a vacuum in order to hold tissue at the tip . this is especially true during certain types of cataract surgery , where it is desirous to occlude the tip during either the &# 34 ; divide and conquer &# 34 ; or the &# 34 ; phaco chop &# 34 ; techniques of cataract surgery . during these techniques , it is often desirable to hold the nucleus on the phaconeedle tip . obviously , it will be necessary to cover both aspiration holes to build a vacuum . however , during the emulsifying of tissue in the primary port , it is often advantageous to have a secondary aspiration port available to assist in the further aspiration of the emulsified tissue . referring to fig3 a - 3g , a sleeve 10 having an infusion port 17 is illustrated . sleeve 10 is illustrated as having baffles 19 disposed on either the interior or exterior surface adjacent to the infusion port 17 to assist in directing the flow of infusion fluid . as illustrated in fig3 a , the baffle 19 can be disposed on the outer portion of the sleeve 10 in an area disposed between infusion port 17 and the distal end of the sleeve 10 . in fig3 a the baffle directs an infusion fluid away from the aspiration port . however , if desirable , the baffle 19 can be placed on the opposite side of the infusion port 17 , as illustrated in fig3 b to direct the infusion fluid in the forward direction towards the distal end of the sleeve 10 . as illustrated in fig3 e , the baffle 19 can be disposed within the interior of the sleeve 10 between the infusion port 17 and the distal end of the sleeve . alternatively , as illustrated in fig3 f , the baffle 19 can be disposed on the proximal side of the infusion port 17 . additionally , as illustrated in fig3 g , a baffle 19 can be disposed on both the exterior and interior surface of sleeve 10 . as illustrated in fig3 g , the baffles are located on the distal side of infusion port 17 . however , just as has been illustrated in fig3 b , 3d and 3f , baffles 19 could be disposed on the proximal side of the infusion port 17 . referring now to fig4 and 5 , a phacoemulsification handpiece 11 according to the present invention is shown . the handpiece 11 has a valve 20 in the aspiration line . the function of the valve is to constrict the flexible tubing of the aspiration line to create resistance in the aspiration line . also , the valve may be used to change the flow characteristics at the needle tip . the valve may be controlled either at the phacoemulsification machine control panel or directly at the handpiece . it should be pointed out that the valve control can be simply an on / off valve or a valve that allows for analog - type control whereby the valve can be adjusted to any precise level between completely on and completely off . in the preferred embodiment of the present invention , the valve is located at the anterior portion of the handpiece . the handpiece of fig4 has a valve 20 which is preferably , controlled so that it can be adjusted to any precise level between completely on and completely off . the valve can be positioned at position c in fig4 which is within the handpiece , or at position b immediately behind the handpiece or at position a , which is adjacent to the housing for the aspiration pump . the valve is controlled by a control console which receives signals from a pressure transducer ( not shown ) which detects the fluid pressure within the aspiration conduit . upon the detection of the varying pressure within the aspiration line , the control console automatically actuates the valve to variably increase or decrease the cross - sectional area of the aspiration conduit to ensure substantially constant pressure within the conduit . in the embodiment illustrated in fig5 a valve 21 is disposed within the handpiece 11 . this valve 21 is preferably of the type that is an on / off valve , as discussed above . upon the detection of a pressure surge , the control console immediately sends a signal to close valve 21 . simultaneously , valve 23 is opened to release relatively high pressure fluid from a sterile fluid container into the aspiration conduit . thereafter , the bottom valve 21 is opened , the full effect of the surge is erased and then valve 23 is closed once again . the system is then ready to detect and control the next surge within the aspiration line . the advantages of an on / off valve , such as valve 21 , include that when a piece of cataract occludes the phaco tip , vacuum will build up in the aspiration line . when that occluded piece is emulsified , there still will be a vacuum in the aspiration line and a surge will be created thus reducing the intraocular pressure . when a pressure transducer in the aspiration line detects a rapid change in vacuum the valve in the handpiece , can be instantaneously closed and a release of sterile fluid in the aspiration line can occur to remove the vacuum and the handpiece valve can then reopen . this valve , by closing instantaneously and opening immediately after fluid is released into the aspiration line will prevent surges of intraocular pressure . referring now to fig2 and 29 , a handpiece assembly 11 that includes a collapsible silicone membrane 22 is illustrated . the silicone membrane 22 is disposed radially outside of the needle 16 and defines an annular reservoir chamber 24 disposed between the silicone membrane 22 and needle 16 . the reservoir is in fluid communication with the infusion fluid as it passes through the handpiece assembly and out through the infusion sleeve port near the needle tip . the silicone membrane is made from a soft elastic material so that the membrane 22 can collapse during an aspiration surge during use of the ultrasonic handpiece . typically , when an aspiration surge occurs the relatively large amount of fluid within reservoir 24 is of a sufficient volume so that this fluid can be immediately withdrawn from the reservoir and introduced into the intraocular area , which results in an immediate compensation for the fluid lost from the surge . as is well known , a drop in intraocular pressure can cause considerable problems such as collapse of the intraocular tissue onto the vibrating phaco needle . accordingly , the reservoir 24 is designed to provide additional infusion fluid in the intraocular area as soon as an aspiration surge occurs . the reservoir is located immediately adjacent to the needle tip to minimize the time it takes to replace the intraocular fluid . the surge will cause a decrease of intraocular pressure and will therefore provide a suction effect to withdraw the fluid contained within reservoir 24 . this suction effect causes the membrane 22 to collapse , as illustrated in fig2 . an air vent 26 is provided radially outside of the silicone membrane 22 to permit membrane 22 to collapse freely . referring now to fig3 - 42 , a series of barriers are illustrated , which are attached to the walls of the ultrasonic needle 16 . the barriers permit limited or no occlusion at the tip of the needle to enhance emulsification of tissue . as discussed above , occlusion of the tip can create a surge of fluid flow upon break up of the tissue causing the occlusion . this surge in fluid flow can cause a collapse of the intraocular pressure within the eye which is a condition that should be avoided . in addition , the barriers also provide an additional ultrasonic cutting surface to enhance the cutting and emulsification ability of the tip . the barriers are structural members , such as bars , baffles , wedges , etc . which are attached to the walls of the needle 16 .. a barrier 28 is illustrated in fig3 . other embodiments of barriers including a single bar 30 disposed in the center of the needle or double bars 32 , 34 disposed about the center of the needle are illustrated in fig3 and 32 , respectively . the bars 30 , 32 , 34 prevent nuclear tissue from penetrating into the tip beyond a predetermined amount . other embodiments of barriers are illustrated in fig3 a - 42 . for example , in fig3 a and b , an annular ramp shaped barrier 36 is disposed within the tip 16 . a wedge shaped plate barrier 38 which does not extend fully across the inside of the tip is illustrated in fig3 a and b . a pair of spaced apart bars 40 , 42 are illustrated in fig3 a and b . a barrier 44 , 46 , illustrated in fig3 a and b , is disposed on the outer surface of needle 16 . these barriers 44 , 46 do not assist in preventing an occlusion , but they do provide an additional surface from which ultrasonic energy can be generated . other barrier embodiments are illustrated in cross - section in fig3 and 42 . clearly , almost any type of geometric shape can be used to assist in permitting a limited occlusion of the tip and to aid in emulsifying tissue . referring now to fig3 a and b , barrier 42 is illustrated for use in a modified tip 16 &# 39 ;. tip 16 &# 39 ; has a wedge shaped distal end surface 48 which provides a large metallic surface area for ultrasonically cutting tissue . the ultrasonic energy from surface 48 is directed in an opposite direction with respect to the aspiration port 18 . a tip similar to the one illustrated in fig3 a and b is illustrated in fig4 and 44 . the angled surface 50 disposed inside of the needle 16 &# 39 ; can be used to focus energy towards the aspiration port 18 , but within the needle 16 &# 39 ;, to aid in the emulsification of tissue . other surfaces within that needle including surface 52 and a stepped shoulder surface 54 assist in the suction of the nuclear tissue after it has been emulsified . surface 52 also is disposed within the line of ultrasonic energy that has been generated from surface 50 to effectively prevent this energy from causing damage to the surrounding tissue . surface 52 is preferably a spherical surface , and can simply be formed by drilling a blind bore into the shaft 16 &# 39 ;. surface 52 would be the distal portion of the blind bore . exterior surface 53 is a blunt surface which emits ultrasonic energy at a sufficient energy level to be able to split the cataract . however , the energy generated by surface 53 dissipates quickly so as to minimize the risk of damaging to the posterior capsule . fig4 illustrates a needle that includes a ramp shaped annular barrier 56 whose ramp shaped surface 58 is directed towards the needle tip to focus ultrasonic energy across the aspiration port 18 . the stepped rear shoulder surface 60 of the ramp 56 is used to assist in the suction of the nuclear tissue after it has been emulsified . in most uses it is desirous to contain the ultrasonic energy within the needle to minimize the ultrasonic radiation which can cause damage to the intraocular tissue . in the embodiment illustrated in fig4 , ultrasonic energy generated by ramp surface 58 is prevented from exiting the needle by the needle &# 39 ; s interior surface . the present inventors have found the use of steps , angles , and barriers within the ultrasonic needle useful to focus ultrasonic energy across the aspiration port to aid in emulsifying nuclear tissue and to aid in pushing emulsified material in the direction of the aspiration flow . fig4 - 50 illustrate various embodiments of needle tips which achieve these results . fig4 illustrates a tapered needle 16 that has an internal annular shaped ramp 62 similar to ramp 56 illustrated in fig4 . in addition , the front tapered end surface 64 of the needle 16 also radiates ultrasonic energy within the internal area of the tip to assist in the emulsification of nuclear tissue . fig4 illustrates an annular shaped ramp surface 66 that has a forwardly directed ramp surface 68 , a reduced diameter passageway 70 , and a stepped shoulder surface 72 . ramp surface 68 emits ultrasonic energy to aid in the emulsification of tissue , whereas shoulder surface 72 emits ultrasonic energy to assist in the suction of the emulsified tissue . fig4 illustrates a needle tip 16 that has the tip end 71 off - center ( i . e ., not concentric ) with respect to the main portion of the tip 16 . an internal ramp surface 74 emits ultrasonic energy adjacent to the aspiration port 18 to assist in the emulsification of nuclear tissue . a stepped shoulder surface 76 assists in the suction of that emulsified tissue by generating ultrasonic waves in the direction of flow . additionally , an external ramped surface 73 emits ultrasonic energy to aid in the cutting and emulsifying of nuclear tissue . fig4 illustrates a needle tip 16 that has a wedged shape front tip surface 78 . surface 78 emits ultrasonic energy outside and forward of the tip end to assist in the cutting of nuclear tissue . in addition , a shoulder surface 80 disposed adjacent to the aspiration port 18 assists in pushing the material into the interior of the needle tip 16 . internal surfaces 82 , 83 also emit ultrasonic radiation energy to assist in the emulsification of nuclear tissue . fig5 illustrates an embodiment similar to that illustrated in fig4 in that a front wedged shape surface 84 and ramp surfaces 86 , 87 are utilized in a similar manner to surfaces 78 , 82 and 83 in the embodiment illustrated in fig4 . referring now to fig5 and 52 . a compressible sleeve 88 is illustrated . sleeve 88 includes an accordion section 90 to permit the sleeve 88 , once it is connected to the handpiece 11 ( not shown in fig5 and 53 ) at area a , to move axially with respect to the handpiece . sleeve 88 is connected to the handpiece by a fluid tight connection , which permits the handpiece 11 to rotate freely with respect to the sleeve 88 . when the tip end of the needle 16 is inserted into the incision 14 of the cornea 16 , the forward end 92 of the sleeve 88 extends through the corneal surface 16 , such that forward end 92 substantially matches to the incision 14 in the cornea . due to the accordion design and to the rotational coupling , the handpiece and needle can be manipulated to a limited extent in the axial direction and rotated freely about the longitudinal axis while the sleeve 88 will remain stationary with respect to the cornea 16 . thus , this forward portion 92 of the sleeve acts similar to a plug to completely seal the incision in the cornea . in addition , the infusion port at the distal end of the sleeve 92 is located near the cornea and away from the aspiration hole 18 of the needle . thus , there is considerably less turbulence within the eye which provides for better aspiration of emulsified tissue . in other words , if the infusion port is located too close to the aspiration port , the fluid will naturally follow a path of least resistance and short circuit directly from the infusion port to the aspiration port , which clearly reduces the amount of tissue that can be removed from the eye or at the very least reduces the amount of time it takes to remove the desired amount of tissue from the eye . having described the presently preferred exemplary embodiment of a new and improved phacoemulsification handpiece , sleeve , and tip , in accordance with the present invention , it is believed that other modifications , variations and changes will be suggested to those skilled in the art in view of the teachings set forth herein . it is , therefore , to be understood that all such variations , modifications , and changes are believed to fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims .
a phacoemulsification instrument that significantly reduces infusion fluid leakage by providing a silicone sleeve with a built in reinforcing member . also , the sleeve has only a single infusion hole in order to provide better infusion fluid flow without causing turbulence in the eye . in addition , the present invention provides either a valve or a variable aperture aspiration tube in order to regulate the aspiration rate . also , the present invention includes a single aspiration hole at the tip in order to amplify flow coming to the tip . to assist in cataract removal , the tip may be provided with a variety of different barrier and baffle configuration . a handpiece includes a variable capacity reservoir in the infusion line to account for surges in the aspiration line . the needle includes steps , angles and barriers to focus ultrasonic energy to aid in emulsifying nuclear tissue and to aid in pushing emulsified material in the direction of aspiration flow . a compressible sleeve is rotatably coupled to the handpiece to permit the handpiece and needle to be manipulated to a limited extent in the axial direction and rotated freely about the longitudinal axis while the sleeve remains stationary with respect to the cornea .