the foregoing and other objects and features of the invention will be more apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading and understanding the description of the invention and the accompanying drawings . prior to the detailed description of the invention , the concept of the invention will be discussed . the invention proposes a peak detection unit having a one - chip structure for measuring biopotential in order to detect or sense signals at a low voltage . in general , when a sensor detects an atrial signal , it also detects a faint ventricular signal . this as a result requires a special algorithm in order not to detect any unnecessary ventricular signal . according to the invention , an atrial signal is detected as a threshold level , and then the threshold level is maintained at the peak level of ventricular signal from a peak point of ventricular signal to a time point of 200 ms . at the time point of 200 ms , the value decreases by five ( 5 ) levels from a value corresponding to 75 % of the peak level until a next ventricular signal is detected . in this fashion , the invention enables the adaptive detection method to detect or sense heartbeats at a low supply voltage . hereinafter the present invention will be described in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings . throughout the drawings , the same elements will be designated with the same or similar reference signs and description thereof will be omitted . fig3 is a block diagram illustrating a detection system for heartbeat peaks according to an embodiment of the invention . referring to fig3 , the detection system of the invention is generally composed of a peak detection unit 20 for detecting heartbeat signals by a sensor and a symptom determination unit 21 for diagnosing any heart disease based on the peak interval of the detected heartbeat signals . the detection system is particularly composed of a sensor 22 , an ad / converter 23 , a peak detector 24 , an adaptive pattern part 25 , an on - set estimator 26 , a stability estimator 27 , a program logic estimator 28 , a determiner 29 and an output part 30 . accordingly , the detection system for a heartbeat peak of the invention is designed to determine heart conditions upon receiving a / d converted ventricular and atrial signals and , if there is any problem , output a proper diagnosis and prescription accordingly . the ventricular and atrial signals are detected by the sensor 22 , and then inputted into the a / d converter 23 . the ad converter 23 outputs the detection signals through conversion into digital signals , and the peak detector 24 detects ventricular and atrial peaks from the digital signals and outputs the peaks to the adaptive pattern part 25 . that is , the peak detection unit 20 performs peak detection on the ventricular and atrial signals according to adaptive threshold level , and outputs 1 for peak signals and 0 for other signals . the adaptive pattern part 25 examines the existence of five ( 5 ) types of information at a time point where the peak is detected from the output of the peak detector 24 . the five types of information include peak interval , peak time , number of ventricular signals between atrial signals , number of atrial signals between ventricular signals , interval between ventricular and atrial peaks and far field r wave ( or heartbeat wave ). then , the examined information is stored . the on - set estimator 26 estimates whether or not the ventricular signal intervals have recently had any rapid change according to an output of the adaptive pattern part 25 . for example , if the mean value of the latest four ( 4 ) maximum ventricular ( v ) peak intervals is different from that of the previous four maximum ventricular peak intervals by a reference value or more , the on - set estimator 26 sends an enable signal to the determiner 29 . the stability determiner 27 estimates whether or not the recent ventricular signal intervals are stably occurring according to outputs from the adaptive pattern part 25 and , if the latest maximum ventricular peak interval is different from the latest three maximum ventricular peak intervals by a reference value or more , sends an enable signal to the determiner 29 . the determiner 29 determines diseases in five ( 5 ) steps and outputs prescriptions in eight ( 8 ) steps . examples of the diseases discernable by the detection system of the invention include normal , ventricular tachycardia ( vt ), fast ventricular tachycardia ( fvt ), ventricular fibrillation ( vf ), atrial tachycardia - atrial fibrillation ( at - af ) and fast atrial tachycardia - atrial fibrillation ( fat - af ). the term svt refers to supra - ventricular tachycardia , i . e ., a disease of rapid heartbeat that is caused by an atrium . since the svt generally uses a normal conduction pathway of the heart , medication is currently used instead of forced medical treatment by medical equipment using an algorithm . thus , in order to discriminate svt from other heart diseases such as vt and vf , several standards are used in a corresponding algorithm , which is estimated by the program logic estimator 28 . the determiner 29 discriminatively determines various conditions such as normal condition , vf , vt , fvt via vf , fvt via vt and at - af based on outputs from the program logic estimator 28 . the output part 30 outputs the result in eight ( 8 ) bits so that a prescription or therapy can be presented according to the determiner 29 . after the prescription is outputted from the output part 30 , if a normal state is maintained , the process is enabled and the determiner 29 is switched off to perform merely peak detection . as described above , the peak detection process of the invention is carried out in such a fashion that , after a peak is detected , the threshold level is varied to detect another peak . that is , adaptive threshold detection can be enabled . when a signal is received , the threshold is maintained at the peak level from the time point of peak detection to a time point of 200 msec . at the time point of 200 msec , the value decreases to 75 % of the threshold level and then by five ( 5 ) levels each time while the next signal detection is being carried out . if a next signal is not detected at the lowest threshold level , the threshold level is maintained at the same value as the lowest threshold level . the symptom determination unit 21 discerns detection times between peaks measured by the peak detection unit 20 , which acts to detect heart signals , so as to determine or diagnose heart diseases in five steps and output prescription in eight steps according to the diseases . that is , the invention utilizes a one - chip algorithm for measuring biopotential , available for the treatment of irregular heartbeat and blood sugar levels , in order to realize this algorithm into a hardware structure . the adaptive detection system and method for heartbeat peaks serves to diagnose diseases based on heart signals detected from a patient &# 39 ; s heart by a sensor and enables proper treatment by outputting a prescription according to any abnormal symptom . fig4 is a diagram illustrating an adaptive detection algorithm for heartbeat peaks according to an embodiment of the invention . referring to fig4 , the peak detector 24 compares the ventricular and atrial heartbeat signals , converted by the a / d converter 23 , with the threshold level in order to detect a peak . an output signal from the peak detector 24 is inputted into the adaptive pattern part 25 . fig4 shows a process of performing detection by adaptively varying the threshold level to determine peak times , in which the minimum threshold level is a fixed value . the minimum threshold level can realize low voltage application by optimizing a detection range of the threshold level . if the minimum threshold level is not set , the threshold level is detected from a zero ( 0 ) level . if signals are detected from a zero threshold level , peak detection should be performed for all noise signals in the vicinity of the zero level , thereby increasing power consumption . in a reset state , the threshold level is equal with the minimum threshold level . if a signal is lower than the minimum threshold level , it is out of the threshold level range and thus not detected . therefore , the adaptive pattern part 25 stores the detected threshold level of the minimum threshold level or more and the peak time . that is , the peak detector 24 calculates occurrence times and peak intervals such as ventricular - to - atrial interval , ventricular - to - ventricular interval and atrial - to - ventricular interval based on the peak time inputted from the peak detector 24 . here , the peak detector 24 outputs only the peak time . before being stored in the adaptive pattern part 25 , the peak interval is separately stored and calculated , and its calculation result is stored in the adaptive pattern part 25 . the adaptive pattern part 25 receives merely the peak time , performs calculation through the foregoing procedures , stores the calculation result , and sends the calculation result to next modules . that is , the adaptive pattern part 25 outputs the calculation result to the on - set estimator 26 , the stability estimator 27 and the program logic estimator 28 . the foregoing process is repeated , in which the maximum threshold level is regarded as a peak value , a peak time is stored , and the threshold level remains the same as the peak level from the time point of peak detection to the time point of 200 msec . at the time point of 200 msec , the threshold level has a value corresponding to 75 % of the peak level . the threshold level decreases by 5 levels each time , and the ventricle influences atrial heartbeat signals . with the threshold level , it is possible to selectively detect the atrial heartbeat signals by evading the influence of the ventricular heartbeat signals . since unnecessary ventricular heartbeats are not detected during the detection of the atrial heartbeat signals , it is possible to reduce power consumption further . fig5 is a flowchart illustrating an adaptive detection method for heartbeat peaks according to an embodiment of the invention . referring to fig5 , the detection system of the invention is started at its initial status to execute peak detection on heartbeat waves in s 10 , counts the number of inputs of peak intervals of the heartbeat waves in s 20 , and determines whether or not a calculated detection signal is smaller than a minimum threshold level in s 30 . if the detection signal is smaller than the minimum threshold level in s 30 , the process returns to s 20 to detect heartbeat waves again . if the detection signal is the same as or larger than the minimum threshold level , the system determines whether or not the detection signal is smaller than the adaptive threshold level in s 40 . if the detection signal is smaller than the adaptive threshold level , heartbeat waves are inputted . if the detection signal is the same as or larger than the threshold level , a peak signal is detected in s 50 , peak time is stored in s 60 , and the result is stored in the peak pattern part in s 70 . if it is determined that the peak signal is not a peak value in s 50 , detection signals are inputted again . in s 80 , it is determined whether or not there are eight ( 8 ) stored peaks . if the number of stored peaks is smaller than eight , the process returns to s 10 to detect the heartbeat waves again . if the number of stored peaks is eight , the mean number of the peaks is calculated in s 90 . a peak pattern is produced from the mean value of the peaks in s 100 . as described above , according to the adaptive detection system and method for heartbeat peaks , heartbeats can be detected at a low voltage . furthermore , the adaptive detection system and method for heartbeat peaks of the invention can diagnose diseases related with heart diseases and output proper prescriptions by detecting heartbeats , thereby saving social costs and preventing economic loss , restriction in active hours , reduction in productivity and so on . although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described for illustrative purposes , those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications , additions and substitutions are possible , without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims .
the present application discloses an adaptive system and a method for detection of heartbeat peaks . the adaptive detection system for heartbeat peaks includes : means for detecting peaks of ventricular or atrial heartbeat signals ; and means for determining heart conditions according to a detected peak interval . heart beats can be detected at a low supply voltage , diseases can be determined according to the detected cardiogram signals , and treatment can be performed by diagnosis in the event of abnormality .