it was determined that under the control of the cpu , by varying the voltage sent to the positive displacement gear pump , the speed of the pump varies and controllable as to inject the desired concentrated first solution only at the suitable delivery rate into the second solution to consistently provide the drinking water at the resultant desired concentration . the actual voltage requirements were determined by trial and error in a practical environment . a vane - axle turbine driven flow rate sensor ( kobolt instrumentation ), which delivered 1 , 800 pulses per gallon , provided sufficient data points to measure low flow rates and monitor changes in flow rate . a microprocessor based controller for the generation and monitoring of an iodine supplemented livestock watering system was designed . the controller monitors the vane - axle turbine flow rate sensor and two or three thermocouples . the controller will control one or two positive displacement pumps dispensing liquor into the water feed line , along with a heater in the iodine dissolution cartridge chamber which maintains a constant temperature in the recharge chamber , preferably 80 degree . the unit included a 4 digit display for readout of liters dispensed and various other values , along with keyboard or other access for display control and user variable adjustment . control functions were implemented as detailed in the specification hereinbelow , with whatever modifications necessary after field trials . provision was made for use of an infrared or other method of external monitoring and control . with reference to fig1 , this shows generally as 10 a drinking water delivery system containing 2 – 15 ppm iodine species comprising the unit shown generally as 12 within the dotted lines . although unit 12 is essentially self - contained , it clearly requires fittings , lines and the like for it to constitute part of full working system 10 . unit 12 has a microprocessor based controller ( cpu ) 14 in data communication with a vane - axle turbine water flow rate sensor 16 , display and keyboard 18 , positive displacement gear pump 20 , heater 22 , first thermocouple 24 and second thermocouple 26 . pump 20 is shown in slightly more detail in fig4 as a magnetic coupled external gear pump ( p - series - tuthill corporation , concord , calif .) that provides positive displacement non - pulsing flow of solution over the practical range of flow rates desired . main water line 28 provides the main or second flow of water from which secondary line 30 runs off to provide first water flow under the influence of pump 20 which is controlled by cpu 14 . pump 20 feeds rechargeable cartridge 32 having a chamber 34 containing iodine flakes or prill 36 , heater 22 and temperature sensors 24 , 26 . in the embodiment shown , chamber 34 contains sufficient iodine 36 to always provide a saturated iodine species solution at the pre - selected water temperature in chamber 34 , irrespective of the magnitude water flow rate passing through chamber 34 , under commercial practical conditions for a livestock operation . if necessary , in alternative embodiments a plurality of cartridges 32 may be used as desired . saturated iodine solution at about 300 ppm and 80 ° c . leaves chamber 34 and is added to line 28 at a suitable dilution factor to provide the 2 – 15 ppm iodine species concentration in the resultant drinking water provided to the livestock . small lcd screen and keyboard 18 enable the user input and output to be displayed . the water delivery system according to the invention uses a computer based controller board to sample the flow rate of the main line water . it also senses the temperature of the incoming water and the temperature of the water in the sump . based on these variables the controller determines the speed of the dc brushless motor on a gear pump to produce the desired iodine concentration in the main line . the unit displays the following variables in a 2 second rotation ; flow rate , sump temperature , and gallons of concentrate . when the recharge is spent the controller displays a warning for the user . if there are any other errors , the controller will display these with different leds and a buzzer . the temperature sensed is used to determine the amount of power required to bring the water in the sump up to 80 ° f . if below and then controls the heater to raise the temperature in the sump to 80 ° f . the user interface is done using a pda with infrared . the pda can capture all of the system variables and store them in a file to be downloaded later . the user can change the concentration of iodine by small amounts and multiples of ppm with the pda . the user can also tune the temperature sensor to get better control of the iodine concentration . the controller also has the ability to store the system variables on a flash ram to be downloaded later , to give the user a picture of the water usage , and system performance . a more detailed embodiment is , generally as 100 , in fig3 , wherein in general , mainline water flows first through a thermistor ( the “ mainline thermistor ”) and a vane - axle turbine driven flow sensor ( the “ flow sensor ”). the thermistor is a thermally sensitive resistor that is made of a semiconductor having a resistance that varies rapidly and predictably with temperature . the mainline thermistor is used to determine the amount of energy the heater ( the heater ”) in the cartridge or recharge module needs to provide in order to bring the temperature in the recharge module up to the set point . the recharge thermistor is used to determine the temperature of the iodine saturate in the recharge module . the flow sensor outputs approximately 1 , 800 pulses per gallon of water and is used to determine the flow rate and changes in flow rate of the mainline water . the mainline thermistor , the flow sensor , and the recharge thermistor are electronically connected to the microprocessor based controller ( the “ controller ”). the controller is driven by a circuit board that continuously scans the temperature and the flow rate data that it receives from the mainline thermistor , the flow sensor , and the recharge thermistor and updates the speed of the pump and the status of the heater as changes occur . the controller reads the speed of the pump from the tachometer output signal from the pump and compares it to the desired speed . the desired speed of the pump for various flow rates from ⅛ of a gallon a minute and up have been determined on a trial and error basis . the controller then increases or decreases the speed of the pump accordingly . the desired speed of the pump is determined from an algorithm that takes into account the desired concentration of the blended aqueous iodine , the mainline flow rate , the temperature of the mainline water , the temperature of the iodine saturate in the recharge module , and the concentration of the iodine saturate . the controller is programmed to adjust this ratio in response to changes in the temperature in the recharge module . when the temperature is less than 80 ° f ., the ratio increases and when the temperature is greater than 80 ° f ., the ratio decreases . the controller has an input connector that allows the controller to be connected to a computer in order for the user to change the settings on the controller . the controller also has an infrared port that allows the user to receive and input data from an infrared device , such as a pda . the controller sends a voltage signal ( 0 – 4 vdc . 1 volt dc = 1000 rpm ) to the pump that varies the speed of the pump motor in response to calculations made in accordance with the algorithm . the controller sends a voltage signal to the heater ( 120 vac ) that determines whether the heater is on or off . the controller further provides an output to the display panel that displays flow rate , recharge module temperature , and the number of gallons through the recharge module in rotating two second intervals . when the pump is activated , water flows through the delivery system based upon positive water displacement . the controller determines the speed of the pump in relation to the desired concentration of blended aqueous iodine to be achieved in the mainline . blending is gradual and continuous so that no slugs are produced and the desired concentration is established in the mainline at all times . when the pump is inactivated , no water flows though the system . two check valves are utilized to prevent back flow . the mainline check valve is used to prevent aqueous iodine from flowing backwards in the mainline water flow and into the injection system . the recharge check valve is used to prevent iodine saturate from flowing back up to the pump in a powered down situation . this prevents the iodine saturate , which is corrosive , from entering the pump and potentially damaging the metal components of the pump . the 3 - way valve is used to purge air from the recharge module . failsafe warning signals have been incorporated into the controller . for instance , when the iodine in the recharge module is spent , based on the number of gallons of iodine saturate produced , the controller displays a warning for the user signalling the requirement to replace the recharge module . the controller also has been programmed to display other error messages with different led &# 39 ; s and a buzzer . the infrared port and the input connector allow iosolutions or the user to download information from the controller at anytime , either for billing or informational purposes . updates to the firmware on the controller also can be downloaded through the infrared port and the input connector . system variables are stored on a flash ram chip that can be downloaded later through the infrared port or input connector to give the user a picture of water usage and system performance . mechanical devices : mainline check used to prevent the iodine flowing around in valve : a loop recharge check used to prevent the iodine flowing back up to valve : the pump in a powered down situation . 3 - way valve : used to purge the air from the recharge module . flow meter sensor 16 measures the flow rate of the main line water by pulse output ; thermocouple 26 measures the temperature in cartridge 32 ; thermocouple inside heater 24 measures the temperature of the heater as a safety device to prevent heater 24 from damaging cartridge 32 ; keyboard 18 allows user to adjust variables in program . the following is a list of outputs for controller 14 , which controls or measures : pump 20 by adjusting the speed of the pump under a voltage signal ( 0 – 5 vdc ). heater 24 by controlling the temperature in cartridge 32 . on / off device 120 vac controlled through a solid - state relay . display 18 shows the through cartridge 32 and the user adjustable variables . the variables considered in the process according to the invention are shown in fig2 , wherein : f m main line flow rate . pulse input from flow meter f l desired flow rate through liquor line . calculated from f m , c u1 , and c u2 . f o stored flow rate used for comparison to f m to determine if there is a large change is the flow rate . g l gallon count through liquor line . calculated from f l , k , t sp , and t c . c u1 user input constant . allows user to make small adjustments to the pump speed . c u2 user input constant . allows user to adjust the pump speed in multiples of the default speed . k constant of the flow meter manufacturer specification in pulses / gal t sp sample period for flow meter . time allotted to count pulses . t c cycle period . time from one sample to the next . t temperature reading from the thermocouple . t h temperature reading of the heater from the thermocouple inside the heater . p input voltage signal to the pump . calculated from f l , and c t . c t temperature constant adjustment for temperatures over 80 ° f . h heater status flag true if t less than 80 ° f . else false . i indicator of the usage of the recharge . 0 if 3200 − g l & gt ; 500 1 if 3200 − g l & lt ; 500 2 if 3200 − g l & lt ; 100 e h error flag on heater . true if t h & lt ; 150 ° f . liquor line flow rate is 1 / 50 ( default concentration ) of the main line flow rate plus the user &# 39 ; s small adjustment times the user &# 39 ; s multiplier . g l = g l +( f l /( k * t sp )* t c ) gallon count is a running total of the liquor line flow rate divided by the flow meter constant and sample period times the cycle period . pump speed is a function of liquor line flow minus the adjustment due temperature . x is a function of the liquor line flow to produce a voltage output signal . this is to be determined . heater failure — if the heater temperature exceeds 150 ° f . e h is turned on and the heater h is turned off and remains off until the system is reset . a warning is shown on the display . recharge empty — if the recharge indicator i changes to 1 show a warning on the display . if the indicator changes to 2 show a different warning . once the power of the controller is turned on the user has a choice of modes , selected by the use of the keyboard . the following is a detailed description of the different modes ( start - up , user input , and normal ) of operation of the controller . the user input mode allows the user to change the two variables c u1 , and c u2 . the adjustments are made through the keyboard . the values for c u1 are ± 10 . the values of c u2 are 0 . 5 , 1 , 1 . 5 , and 2 . the start - up mode is used when a new cartridge 32 is connected to the system . heater 22 is turned off and the heater error flag is reset . the user is prompted on whether to reset the water volume count to zero . pump 20 comes on in maximum output ( 4 vdc ) to fill the recharge . user input is required to stop pump 20 when cartridge 32 is full . the normal mode is the operation that controls pump 20 due to changes in the flow rate . the temperature of both thermocouples is measured . if the temperature of t h is greater than 150 ° f . the error flag e h is set to true . if the temperature of t is less than 80 ° f . heater 22 is turned on . sample the flow meter f m . determine whether there is a large change in the flow rate to the stored rate . if there was , store the new flow rate else use the stored flow rate . calculate f l and g l . check the state of the recharge , if recharge is close to empty display the appropriate warning . calculate the speed of the pump p . output p to the pump . pause for t c and repeat . to increase the capabilities of the unit for an increased flow rate another pump is required . adding the second pump requires an increase in the dc power supply to 130 w , and a second output 0 – 5 vdc signal . although this disclosure has described and illustrated certain preferred embodiments of the invention , it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to those particular embodiments . rather , the invention includes all embodiments which are functional or mechanical equivalence of the specific embodiments and features that have been described and illustrated .
apparatus and for providing controlled addition of a first aqueous solution having a first concentration of an aqueous chemical species at a first flow rate to a second aqueous solution having a second flow rate to provide a diluted first solution of a desired selected concentration of the chemical species , the apparatus having a second solution sensor to obtain data on the second solution selected from the second flow rate and the temperature of the second solution ; a first solution sensor to obtain data on the temperature of the first solution ; a pump to effect addition of the first solution to the second solution to provide the diluted first solution ; and a cpu to receive the data selected from the second flow rate and temperature data from the second solution sensor ; to receive the temperature sensing data on the first solution from the first solution sensor ; to effect algorithmic treatment of the data from the first and second sensor , to provide pump control data ; and to control the pump in consequence of the pump control data to effect controlled addition of the first solution to the second solution to provide the diluted first solution of the desired selected concentration of the chemical species . the apparatus is preferably used as part of a full drinking water delivery system which is economic and reliable over the full range of drinking water demands of livestock animals . the most preferred pump is a positive displacement gear pump .