in fig1 and 2 a funnel shaped receiver 11 is formed on the end of a conduit 10 . on the other end of the conduit 10 is a coupling 13 having a mounting means 12 for mounting the coupling 13 , conduit 10 and receiver 11 to an upstanding neck 21 of a bottle 20 . in the preferred embodiment the mounting means 12 comprises an internal screw thread which mates with an external screw thread 22 formed on the upstanding neck 21 . a packing 23 may be inserted between the upstanding neck and the coupling as shown in fig2 . when the bottle 20 is removed from the coupling , a conventional nipple is capable of being mounted to the neck 21 . an adaptor 30 is detachably mounted to the coupling 13 of the conduit 10 as also shown in fig2 . the adaptor 30 comprises tubular connecting member 31 . a connecting portion 32 formed at one end of the connecting member 31 is adapted to engage a connecting portion 14 of the coupling 13 thereby securing the adaptor 30 to the coupling . a connecting recess 33 is provided in the other end of the tubular connecting means 31 . the connecting recess 33 may be engaged by a connection member 51 of a diaphragm type pump 50 or by a connection member 61 of a bulb type hand pump 60 . the inner structure of the diaphragm type electric suction pump 50 is conventional and comprises a reciprocated diaphragm , and inlet and exhaust valves to create a differential pressure between the atmosphere and an inner suction space . this pressure difference ( suction ) is subjected to the breast via the adaptor 30 , coupling 13 and conduit 10 open to the coupling and receiver 11 . likewise , the bulb type hand suction pump 60 may be used . a squeeze bulb 63 having an exhaust valve 62 can be squeezed to produce suction . also provided on the adaptor 30 is a pressure adjusting means 40 . the pressure adjusting means 40 serves essentially three functions . first , it automatically relieves the suction exerted on the breast by either of the suction pumps 50 , 60 when that suction exceeds a predetermined maximum , the maximum being below an amount that would cause pain or discomfort . second , the pressure adjusting means provides for adjustability of the predetermined maximum . and third , the pressure adjusting means may be manually actuated to quickly relieve the suction in , for example , an emergency situation . as illustrated in fig3 the pressure adjusting means 40 comprises a valve seat 42 slidably mounted in a hollow tube 41 along splines 44 of the tube . the valve seat is fixed in place between a cam member 46 having an inclined face 46a contacting a projection 42b of the valve seat and a spring 45 . an o - ring 49 forms a seal between the valve seat 42 and the inner periphery of the tube 44 . a valve 43 is loosely received within the valve seat 42 . a spring 47 urges the valve 43 against a first air inflow hole 42a extending through the valve seat and communicating with the atmosphere . an auxilliary hole provided in the tubular connecting means 31 is open to and communicates with the space in which the valve 43 is received within the valve seat 42 . this auxilliary hole only communicates with the air inflow hole 42a when the valve 43 is urged away from the valve seat 42 and air inflow hole 42a due to the loose fit of the valve 43 within the valve seat 42 . another air inflow hole 46b extends through the cam member 46 and is open to the air inflow hole 42a and the atmosphere . a release member 48 for instantly pressing the valve 43 out of contact with the valve seat 42 is provided loosely in the air inflow hole 46b of the cam member 48 such that air from the atmosphere may enter the hole 46b . the release member 48 has a pointed pin 48 which will contact the valve 43 through the air inflow hole 42a to urge the valve 43 off of the valve seat 42 when the release member is pushed . in operation , the suction pumps 50 or 60 create suction which is applied to the breast through an air passageway in the tubular connecting means of the adaptor 30 and receiver 11 as mentioned above . when this suction increases beyond a predetermined maximum valve , e . g . one that is just about to cause pain or discomfort , the valve seat 43 also subject to the suction through the above - mentioned auxilliary hole formed in the tubular means 31 , is urged by the suction and atmospheric pressure acting on the valve through air inflow hole 42a off of the valve seat 42 and air inflow hole 42a against the force exerted by spring 47 . accordingly , air from the atmosphere enters the adaptor 30 through the hole formed in the tubular means 31 and air inflow holes 42a and 46b due to the differential pressure between the vacuum created in the adaptor by the suction pump and atmospheric pressure . thus , the addition of air at atmospheric pressure counteracts the suction generated by the suction pump , and the suction on the breast is reduced . once an equilibrium is established the spring will then urge the valve 43 back against the valve seat 42 and the air inflow hole 42a whereby the above - mentioned operation is repeated . because such an intermittent motion is imparted to the valve 43 , the resulting fluctuation in suction exerted on the breast will have a stimulating effect to accelerate the secretion of milk . the static position of the valve seat 43 may be adjusted such that different predetermined maximum amounts of suction will be required to move the valve 43 off of the valve seat 42 and air inflow hole 42a . this is accomplished by rotating the cam member 40 mounted to the tube 41 . thus the inclined cam surface 46a is rotated over the projection 42b of the valve seat 42 whereby the valve seat is guided by splines 44 along the inside of the tube 41 by or against the force exerted by a spring 45 . therefore , spring 47 is adjusted to expand or contract with the movement of the valve seat 42 as urged by the valve 43 contacting the valve seat . thus the initial displacement of the springs 47 is adjustable and accordingly the force ( predetermined maximum suction ) required to urge the valve 43 off of the valve seat 42 against the force of the spring 47 is made variable since the spring force to be counteracted by the predetermined maximum suction is dependent on the initial displacement of the spring . finally , when unexpected pain has been felt or the milking operation is finished the release member 48 may be pressed to instantaneously move the valve 43 off of the valve seat 42 to communicate the adaptor 30 with the atmosphere and reduce the suction on the breast . other advantages of the present invention include that the adaptor 30 and suction pump 50 or 60 may be removed and the most soiled parts 10 , 11 , 12 and 20 may be washed frequently . this capability reduces the need for washing the adaptor including the adjustment means and / or the pump which would shorten the life thereof . also only damaged parts need to be replaced since the apparatus can be easily taken apart and reconstructed . obviously many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the foregoing description . it is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims , the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described .
a milking apparatus for extracting milk from a human breast has a funnel shaped receiver positionable over the breast attached to a conduit and receiver bottle for receiving extracted milk . an adaptor is provided such that different types of suction pumps may be used in conjunction with the apparatus in response to the needs of the user . a pressure adjusting mechanism is associated with the adaptor which is operated automatically or manually to relieve excess suction exerted by a selected suction pump on the breast .