referring now to the drawings in detail , the container dispensing unit 10 constructed in accordance with the present invention is illustrated . as shown in fig1 to 3 , the dispensing unit 10 includes a housing 12 having a front face 14 , a rear face 16 , a top 18 , a bottom 20 , a right side 22 and a left side 24 ( see fig6 ). front face 14 of housing 12 includes an inlet or entrance 26 and an outlet or exit 30 . an inlet and receiving door 28 is hinged to the container so as to selectively cover and expose inlet 26 . housing 12 is of a modular design and includes a series of interlocking plugs 36 disposed on top face 18 and complementary interlocking receptacles 38 disposed on or formed in bottom face 20 . in addition , a pair of interlocking grooves and projections 40 , 40 ′ are disposed on right side 22 and complementary grooves and projections 42 , 42 ′ are disposed to extend along left side 24 . with these interlocking features , several dispensing units 10 can be securely stacked one on top of another with interlocking recesses 38 of a lower dispenser unit engaging interlocking projections 36 of an upper dispenser unit . similarly , several dispensing units 10 can be securely engaged side - by - side with interlocking grooves and projections 40 , 40 ′ of one unit engaging interlocking grooves and projections 42 , 42 ′ of an adjacent unit . due to this modular design , several dispensing units can be arranged in various shapes and sizes in order to fully utilize available floor space . in addition , because each unit 10 can store different brands of containers , if several units are stacked one upon the other then multiple brands can be dispensed in a single column . referring to fig3 a multi - level conveyance path or track 13 for conveying horizontally - disposed containers is located internally of housing 12 . the conveyance track 13 includes an upper ramp 44 and a lower ramp 46 , each of which is slightly wider than the height of a typical container . ramps 44 and 46 have a slope β ; ramp 44 is angled downwardly toward the rear of dispensing unit 10 and ramp 46 in angled downwardly away from the rear of dispensing unit 10 . the slope β can be any desired angle to effect gravitational feed of the containers . however , if the slope β is too great the containers will roll too fast and if too small they may stall . preferably the slope β ranges from 3 to 10 °. the containers are gravitationally fed down upper ramp 44 to lower ramp 46 by way of a u - turn section 48 . u - turn section 48 preferably forms a ceiling of conveyance track 13 above upper ramp 44 and is contiguous with lower ramp 46 . a bottom surface 45 of upper ramp 44 forms the ceiling of the conveyance track above lower ramp 46 . with the u - turn configuration of conveyance path 13 , numerous containers can be stored in a compact space . in a preferred embodiment , the track and housing are dimensioned to hold 12 two - liter bottles , for example . ramps 44 , 46 and u - turn section 48 can be integrally formed with housing 12 . alternatively , any one of the foregoing elements can be formed as an individual component and be assembled within the housing . housing 12 , ramps 44 , 46 and u - turn section 48 are preferably formed of a lightweight yet sturdy material . for example , they can be formed of injection - molded polypropylene or polyethylene . other rigid materials such as cardboard and metal are also within the scope of this invention . it is preferred that each dispenser unit 10 be sturdy enough to support the weight of several other fully - loaded units stacked on it . in use , containers such as two - liter bottles 34 are individually fed into inlet 26 in a horizontal position and roll down upper ramp 44 toward the rear of housing 12 , then the bottles reverse direction at u - turn section 48 and roll down lower ramp 46 toward the front of housing 12 to outlet 30 . it is important , however , that the bottles 34 are not skewed as they roll in the conveyance path 13 so they do not jam and block the smooth dispensing flow of the bottles . this is prevented by maintaining the bottles in their proper orientation throughout their travel . that is , the longitudinal axes of the bottles 34 should always be substantially orthogonal to the conveyance direction along conveyance path 13 . to accomplish this , the display unit of the present invention is provided with several anti - skewing features . when stocking dispensing unit 10 , it is important that the containers be inserted into inlet 26 in their proper orientation to prevent such skewing . this is assisted by a combination of receiving door 28 and a contoured surface 50 of upper ramp 44 , which are disposed at an inlet section of housing 12 adjacent inlet 26 . as shown in more detail in fig4 a and 5 , receiving door 28 is hinged or pivotally mounted on housing 12 at pivot points 27 . it has a concave receiving face 28 a and is swingable between a closed position ( shown in phantom in fig5 ) to a fully open position ( shown in solid in fig5 ). the fully open position is limited by the rear surface 28 b of receiving door 28 abutting a face of a recess 51 a of housing 12 . in the fully open position , receiving face 28 a forms the ceiling of conveyance path 13 at the inlet section . housing 12 also has a transition edge 51 b to transition the ceiling of conveyance path 13 from receiving face 28 a to the ceiling of u - turn section 48 . contoured surface 50 of upper ramp 44 includes a first concave section 50 a , a convex section or protrusion 50 b and a concave transition section 50 c in the order of conveyance . each of the sections of contoured surface 50 preferably extends the full width of the upper ramp 44 . as a bottle 34 or other container is inserted in inlet 26 , it will first roll on concave section 50 a and be momentarily stopped by convex protrusion 50 b . the minimum distance between convex protrusion 50 b and concave face 28 a of receiving door 28 ( when in its fully open position ) is slightly greater than the typical diameter of a container to be stocked ( e . g ., the typical diameter of a two - liter beverage bottle ). as the container 34 is further urged over convex protrusion 50 b , its central axis must be substantially orthogonal to the conveyance direction or else it will not fit between convex protrusion 50 b and concave face 28 a . in other words , the container must be substantially parallel to protrusion 50 b . this ensures that the user properly orients each container when stocking . after each container is urged over protrusion 50 b , it rolls down transition section 50 c and continues down upper ramp 44 . even if containers 34 are properly oriented upon insertion , they may still tend to skew as they travel down the ramps , especially if an end of a container rubs against an inner sidewall of housing 12 . this is especially true when the neck end of a bottle comes into contact with a sidewall . to counter this tendency , another anti - skewing feature of the present invention maintains the supplied containers or bottles in the desired orientation throughout conveyance . as shown more clearly in fig6 the upper surfaces of both top ramp 44 and bottom ramp 46 not only are sloped toward or away from the rear of dispenser unit 10 at a slope β , but they are also canted or tilted toward one side of housing 12 . in the illustrated embodiment , the ramps are canted downwardly toward right side 22 of housing 12 at an angle α . in one embodiment , this canting is continuous throughout conveyance path 13 , including u - turn section 48 . that is , an imaginary central axis of curvature of u - turn section 48 is also canted at the angle α . alternatively , u - turn section can be formed without being canted or can be formed in a partially - conical shape . with this construction , as containers roll down ramp 44 , around u - turn section 48 and down ramp 46 , they will be urged by gravity not only in the conveyance direction , but also toward the right side of the housing . thus , the right ends of the containers are urged against the right sidewall of conveyance path 13 . although angle α can be of any sufficient angle to urge the containers toward the right , an angle too great would cause too much friction between the right ends of the containers and the sidewall , thus preventing the containers from rolling . an insufficient angle α would not be effective in urging the containers toward the right side . preferably , α ranges from 3 to 10 °. in the event that bottles are placed in the dispensing unit , their bottoms are preferably disposed toward right side 22 of the housing with their neck ends toward left side 24 . this will prevent the neck ends from coming into contact with the side of the housing as the bottles roll down conveyance path 13 , thus assisting in preventing skewing of the bottles during conveyance . in order to aid in loading the bottles consistently with their neck ends toward the left side , a label or other indicia depicting the desired bottle orientation can be positioned near inlet 26 of housing 12 for reference by a user . alternatively , the desired orientation can be ensured by positioning a key at inlet 26 . as shown in fig4 b , the key can be in the form of a plate 26 a with a cutout 26 b having a shape and size slightly larger than the bottles to be stocked . it can be secured in the inlet in any convenient manner . thus , the bottles can only be inserted in inlet 26 in one orientation : horizontally with their neck end facing the left side of housing 12 . it is also important during conveyance of containers to minimize shocks or impacts , which can damage the containers and cause the contents of carbonated beverage containers to over - pressurize . accordingly , it is preferred that there be a smooth transition as the containers roll from top ramp 44 to bottom ramp 46 . thus , u - turn section 48 is designed to have a semi - circular surface having a radius of curvature slightly larger than the typical diameter of the container to be dispensed . as noted previously , the central axis of u - turn section 48 is canted at the angle α to maintain the containers in their proper orientation throughout the u - turn and aid in the smooth transition . in addition , at its closest , the distance between edge 44 a of top ramp 44 and u - turn section 48 is slightly larger than the typical diameter of the containers . thus , as a bottle or container 34 rolls down upper ramp 44 , it will transition into contact with u - turn section 48 a and smoothly roll onto lower ramp 46 . that is , the containers will not drop from upper ramp 44 directly onto lower ramp 46 . referring to fig7 a , 7 b and 8 , the outlet section of dispensing unit 10 now will be described . stocked containers are dispensed one at a time out of dispensing unit 10 by a metering mechanism 52 . metering mechanism 52 comprises a cradle 54 and gate 56 , which can be formed integrally . metering mechanism 52 is hinged to housing 12 at outlet 30 by integral pivot pins 58 at its opposite ends . cradle 54 has longer moment arm about pivots 58 than that of gate 56 . as containers 38 emerge from outlet 30 , they come to rest on cradle 54 , which holds and displays one container at a time in a horizontal position for the consumer . as described below , when a bottle is resting on cradle 54 , gate 56 prevents the force from the weight of the remaining containers in conveyance path 13 from pressing against the displayed container and forcing the displayed container out of cradle 54 . when no containers are in display unit 10 , metering mechanism 52 is in a rest position shown in solid lines in fig8 because of the longer moment arm of cradle 54 . after an inserted container rolls down lower ramp 46 near outlet 30 , it rolls onto gate 56 , forcing it downward , thus rotating the metering mechanism to the dotted line position . the container then rolls over gate 56 and onto cradle 54 . the weight of the container on cradle 54 pivots the cradle downwardly back to the solid line position thereby returning gate 56 to its original position . when the next container in line rolls down ramp 46 , it cannot roll over gate 56 because it cannot overcome the weight of the displayed container acting on the longer effective moment arm of cradle 54 . thus , the next container in line is stopped by gate 56 and will not impact against the displayed container in cradle 54 . when the container in cradle 54 is removed , the next bottle in line can then force gate 56 downwardly and roll over the gate onto cradle 54 . with the above arrangement , bottles or containers to be displayed can be inserted into the dispensing unit in a proper orientation and can be conveyed through the dispensing unit without skewing . also , the containers smoothly roll through the dispensing unit with minimal shock or impact . further , the containers can be metered out one at a time without displayed containers being forced out of the cradle . although illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein in connection with the accompanying drawings , it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to those precise embodiments and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention .
a dispenser sequentially dispenses a plurality of containers . the dispenser includes a housing having a front , a rear , a top , a bottom , a first side and a second side , with an inlet and an outlet for the containers being disposed on its front . a passage is disposed within the housing and guides the containers from the inlet to the outlet . a receiving door is connected to the housing and is movable between a closed position covering the inlet and an open position allowing the containers to be inserted into the inlet . the receiving door includes a front face contoured to cooperate with the passage to guide the containers to a predetermined orientation upon insertion into the inlet . the passage is also canted toward one side of the housing to maintain the containers in the predetermined orientation .