in fig1 , the normal anatomy is shown of a side view of an eye 1 , with upper and lower eyelids 2 , upper and lower fornices 3 , orbit 4 and optic nerve 5 . a thermal - regulating shell 6 in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in fig2 ( front view ) and fig3 ( side view ). as seen in fig3 the cross - sectional view of the thermal - regulating shell 6 supports a posterior opening 12 suitable in size to allow the shell 6 to conform and slip over the eye 1 . fig4 shows the general position of the device 6 when positioned onto the eye 1 . the thermal - regulating shell 6 comprises a fluid cavity suitably designed to facilitate temperature controlled fluid to be circulated within the thermal - regulating shell 6 . the thermal - regulating shell 6 may include a suitably designed central anterior opening 7 , a fluid entry port 8 , and a fluid exit port 9 , both in fluid communication with the shell 6 . other structures such as wires 10 or other suitable semi - rigid means , seen most clearly in fig4 , may be incorporated into the thermal - regulating shell 6 which can facilitate fluid flow within the shell 6 . this provides a supporting structure as well as a method to direct fluid evenly or preferentially for improved thermal transfer between the eye 1 to the thermal regulating shell 6 . in fig6 , medicament or other fluids will pass through its semi - permeable membrane to the eye 1 and / or surrounding orbital 4 tissues . microtubules 13 , nanotubules , micropores or other transport system will deliver this medicament through its inner semi - permeable membrane 15 and / or outer semi - permeable 14 layer . within the inner system of the shell in fig7 , there are cavities 17 where fluid flows through its channels 16 to optimize thermal transmission . this system of channels and cavities throughout the shell are shown in fig7 side view and fig1 &# 39 ; s section view . the channels are formed by ridges 18 best seen in fig8 . the plural cavity shell may contain a rigid outer layer or cavity 17 shown in fig9 or a rigid inner layer or cavity 17 shown in fig1 . this rigid or semi - rigid layer or cavity not only maintains the structural shape of the device , but it can also serve as an insulator composed of a material such as ceramics or act as a shield comprised of a material such as lead covers and may provide other protective purposes . the system contains a plural cavity shell with a rigid material made of either ceramic , lead , steal , or other rigid substance , and it is located on its outer layer 19 or inner layer 20 . in another embodiment , the outer cavity 14 of the silicone rubber shell 6 in fig1 is flexible and pulsating due to an attached pump mechanism that rhythmically raises and lowers the pump speed and pressure . this manually massages the orbital tissue to facilitate venous and fluid drainage to the cavernous sinus and prevents congestion of the orbit . this action may be useful in the treatment of acute ischemic optic neuropathy or in the prevention of ischemic optic neuropathy during prolonged back or neck surgery in another embodiment the firm outer shell layer or cavity 19 shown in fig1 stabilizes the orbit while the inner pulsating shell layers 15 massage the eye 1 to lower the intra - ocular pressure and facilitate intra - ocular vascular flow . as seen in fig4 the cross - sectional view of the thermal - regulating shell 6 supports a posterior opening 12 suitable in size to allow the shell 6 to conform and slip over the eye 1 . as shown in fig1 fluid temperature and fluid circulation can be controlled to predetermined temperatures and rates of fluid flow . positive pressure is controlled by raising and lowering a fluid bottle 21 height . fluid pressure is communicated through a fluid tube 22 . fluid flow is then presented to a temperature control unit 23 . fluid temperature is adjusted to the desired setting by means of the temperature control selector 24 . temperature conditioned fluid is then provided to the supply connector 25 as seen in fig1 . return fluid is presented to the fluid management unit 26 by means of the fluid return connector 27 . using a suitable fluid path tube 28 fluid is pulled from the fluid return connector 27 by means of a fluid pump 29 . fluid flow is controlled throughout the fluid management system 26 by adjusting the fluid pump speed . speed selection is adjusted by means of a speed selector 30 which is displayed on the front panel 31 of the fluid management system 26 using a suitable pump speed indicator 32 . the fluid management is preferably powered electrically with input power controlled by a suitable power switch 33 . another means for retaining the thermal - regulating shell 6 is demonstrated using the eyelids 2 which fixate and conform to an eye speculum 34 as shown in fig6 and 7 . the compressed posterior extension 35 is also shown in fig6 . the shell 6 conforms to the eye 1 and can be expanded posteriorly by unfolding its posterior extension 35 , as shown in fig1 . the speculum 34 may be integrated into the thermal - regulating shell &# 39 ; s geometry 6 . the speculum 34 geometry may also incorporate suitable rigid or semi - rigid geometry to facilitate attachment of other instruments ( not shown ). as shown in fig1 and 17 , a preferred counter - bore fixation ring 36 may be incorporated into and around the speculum geometry 34 . in a preferred embodiment , a thermal regulating device having the shape of a plural layer lid speculum 37 is shown in fig1 . its anterior portion 38 cools the eyelids while its posterior portion 39 hooks under the lid to serve as a lid speculum 37 as well as a thermal - regulating apparatus for both the lid and the eye . fig1 shows the frontal view of the thermal - regulating lid speculum with its anterior portion 38 visible and its posterior portion 39 functioning as a shell extension hidden from view and an inserting clamp 40 attached ; in fig2 the fluid management system 26 is communicated to the thermal - regulating shell 6 by means of suitable fluid tubing 22 . another means of maintaining thermal - regulating shell 6 placement as well as additional eye cooling can be achieve through the use of a cooling patch 41 with flow channels 16 and separated from the thermal - regulating shell 6 as shown in fig2 or combined with the shell as shown in fig2 . channels 16 are used to encourage fluid flow to the posterior shell in the combined unit . another means of maintaining thermal - regulation is the use of the suction aided system 46 that cools the eyelids 2 , eye 1 , and anterior orbit 4 as shown in fig2 . thermal - regulation of the eye 1 and the surrounding tissues can be used for various therapeutic and interventional purposes . the thermal regulating device 6 uses both conductive and convective methods for temperature control of the eye 1 , and the surrounding tissue . the device 6 may include an anterior central opening 7 to allow for direct inspection of the cornea and other ocular structures when the device 6 is installed on the eye 1 . alternatively , the shell 6 may have no central opening and in this embodiment the cornea , the anterior segment , the eye and nearby tissues can be even more effectively cooled . fluid entry ports 8 and fluid exit ports 9 may be placed anywhere on said device 6 though preferentially medially or laterally to take advantage of anatomical relationship of the eye 1 and eyelid 2 . there will be a thermal exchange of temperature using conduction between the shell 6 and the eye 1 or other nearby structures and convection of the rapidly moving irrigating fluid . this device 6 is composed of a material that facilitates heat exchange between the eye 1 and the conductive fluid . a material such as silicone rubber or any other material with properties such as softness , malleability , and good heat - exchange capability is desired . for purposes of administration of medications and other chemicals , the material may consist of a semi - permeable membrane , or millipore / micropore systems , or microtubules 13 , or nanotubules , or material that has been prepared with special channels 16 in its cavities 17 for passage of treatment modalities . the body of the shell 6 may be reinforced with a wire 10 or other firm mesh resulting in a supporting matrix 10 . various sensors 11 may be embedded in the wire matrix 10 or in the shell 6 in order to take readings throughout the involved tissue surfaces . the embedded sensors 11 can measure various ocular surface properties such as ocular temperature , ocular pressure , ocular surface ph , ionic concentrations , chemicals detection or concentrations , oxygen saturation , drug concentrations , and other monitoring features yet to be in common use . the matrix 10 firmness also assists in pushing the fornices 3 posteriorly and extending the shell 6 coverage to the posterior surface of the eye 1 as shown in fig1 . in treatment for the posterior globe or orbit 4 , it may be necessary to surgically incise the posterior wall of the fornix 3 to allow the shell 6 to extend more posteriorly . this may require the use of an inserter ( not shown ) to give direction and placement into the posterior orbit and near the back of the eye 1 . referring to fig4 , the device 6 is a dual or plural layer system enclosing one or more cavities 17 within which circulates the fluids for heat exchange . within these cavities there will be ridges 18 and channels 16 that redirect the circulating fluids to maximize heat - exchange . thermal - regulation of the posterior portion of the eye 1 will be optimized via these channels 16 which may contain one - way valves and gates to redirect fluids . these features will allow for rapid as well as even or uneven distribution of fluids . in another preferred embodiment , these channels 16 , gates , or shell layers may have micropores / millipores 13 of various dimensions to allow selective filtration or passage of molecules of certain sizes . in another embodiment , the outer coated layer 19 of the silicone rubber shell 6 can be coated with ceramic , lead , or another insulating material to maximize thermal regulation of the eye 1 . for other purposes , the inner coated layer 20 or part thereof may be coated with ceramic , lead , or other insulating material to protect the eye or other structures from temperature changes when treating tissue outside of the eye 1 . in another preferred embodiment , the shell 6 can have an expandable posterior extension 35 that expands and pushes the fornices 3 posteriorly . this expansion can be achieved by positive pressure from the fluid circulating throughout the cavity or more directly from additional fluid inlet ports . although the device is non - invasive , it can push the flexible and yielding ocular fornices 3 beyond the normal anatomical end - points effectively cooling the posterior retina , macula , vitreous , optic nerve 5 , orbit , adnexae and other surrounding tissues . if an incision of the posterior fornix is done , there will be extension of treatment beyond the conjunctiva and fornices 3 and a greater surface area can be treated by the device 6 . the dual or plural layered system can provide both positive and negative pressure on the eye 1 by either pulsing or keeping a constant pressure . eye - pressure measuring devices 11 can be incorporated into the encapsulating shell device 6 to monitor the intraocular pressure and regulate the fluids flowing through the device 6 to prevent excessive pressure on the eye 1 . other embodiments of the shell design 6 include an integrated cooling system for the eye 1 and eyelid fig6 . the eyelid 2 may be cooled mainly by lid speculum 34 by holding the eyelid 2 apart . the thermally controlled fluid in this extension can be integrated with the rest of the shell &# 39 ; s temperature - controlled system . alternatively , in another preferred embodiment , the eyelid temperature - controlled system and the eye globe temperature - controlled system can be regulated separately by separate fluid pump systems to maximize the inner 20 and outer 19 shell &# 39 ; s thermal - regulating effects to create differential cooling in different volumes of the eye and periorbital tissues . in addition , separate temperature controls of two or more compartments within the shell 6 can create a temperature gradient if it is so desired . the temperature gradients can then influence the flow characteristics of fluids within the eye 1 . in another preferred embodiment of the device 6 , the outer layer lid - speculum system 37 may be a separate unit with its own temperature - regulating system for the eyelids and nearby structures and doubly serves as an eyelid speculum 34 . this system works in conjunction with a shell device 6 for the eye 1 to temperature regulate the eye 1 and the lid separately . this or another embodiment may use a clamp 40 for easy insertion and retraction of the device . this system in conjunction with a central opening 7 for the shell 6 allows the eye 1 to be exposed for therapeutic observation or intervention and treatment . in another preferred embodiment , if the eye 1 is covered by a shell without a central opening and does not need to be exposed , the eye will have more efficient temperature control due to a greater surface area being treated . an outer thermal - regulating heat exchange pad 41 with channels 16 can cover the closed eyelid 2 . a separate system for entry 42 and exit 43 ports are needed for this pad 41 . however , an alternative integrated system 45 will incorporate both the pad 41 and shell 6 . to secure this pad 41 a zip - lock system 44 may be used . this outer device 41 may be loosely or firmly placed on or near the eyelid 2 as a pad or patch with the help of adhesives , suction mechanisms or other mechanical means . within the cavities 17 there will be ridges 18 and channels 16 that redirect the circulating fluids to maximize heat - exchange . alternatively , in another preferred embodiment , a conductive heat - exchange system 46 can encapsulate the eyelid 2 forming a complete sealed system with the use of a vacuum chamber 47 whereby fluid 48 can freely circulate directly around the eye 1 for the purpose of cooling , heating , drug - delivery , irrigating , and other functions . the sealing can be accomplished with a zip - lock system 44 , a suction - aided system 46 , a mechanical clamp 40 or other mechanical means to form a cavity bordered by said device anteriorly and the eye posteriorly . the suction system 46 is accomplished by removing air via the vacuum port 49 by creating a vacuum in the vacuum chamber 47 . an anesthetic solution and / or gel can be applied to the eye 1 to prepare for the insertion of the device 6 . the anesthetic material may be coated on the shell 6 prior to insertion beneath the lids 2 . commercially available anesthetic solutions such as proparacaine or tetracaine and anesthetic gels such as lidocaine are readily available . the eyelid 2 , ocular surface and surrounding areas are then properly cleansed with antiseptic solutions such as betadine and properly covered with a sterile drape . other techniques are available and can be chosen according to the desired level of topical and local anesthesia . for example , peri - bulbar or retro - bulbar injection of lidocaine and bupivacaine can achieve very deep and complete local anesthetic effects . alternatively , a tenon &# 39 ; s infiltration of local anesthetics with a blunt greenbaum cannula has essentially no risk of globe perforation yet quite effectively renders deep local anesthesia . in addition , an anesthetic lid block may be desirable in certain situations to facilitate eyelid speculum 34 and device 6 insertion and maintenance . with the eyelid 2 manually separated , the device 6 is inserted into the cavity surrounding the globe . the shape of the device 6 takes advantage of the different posterior depths of the fornices 3 in different quadrants to maximize its reach . depending upon its use , the device 6 can be prefabricated to have a less protracting depth . the device 6 can reach deeper in this sequence : medially , inferiorly , superiorly and laterally . medially , the medial canthal tendons tend to limit the posterior reach while temporally and superiorly , the extensions of the fornices are quite posterior . in one technique , the eyelids 2 are allowed to stay closed throughout the procedure . alternatively , a standard lid speculum or a thermal - regulating device shaped similarly to a speculum 34 is inserted to keep the eyelid 2 apart followed by insertion of the thermal - regulating shell 6 . further , the combined thermal regulating - eyelid speculum devices 34 as shown in fig1 through 19 may be used to keep the eyelid 2 apart . fig1 and 17 show the same device as fig1 with the addition of a ring base 36 or other suitable rigid or semi - rigid geometry that can support various diagnostic or surgical devices including but not limited to a gonioscope , viewing prisms , fundus contact lenses , medication wells , and others . although there has been hereinabove described a specific medical device and method for temperature control and treatment of the eye and surrounding tissues in accordance with the present invention for the purpose of illustrating the manner in which the invention may be used to advantage , it should be appreciated that the invention is not limited thereto . that is , the present invention may suitably comprise , consist of , or consist essentially of the recited elements . further , the invention illustratively disclosed herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element which is not specifically disclosed herein . accordingly , any and all modifications , variations or equivalent arrangements which may occur to those skilled in the art , should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims .
the invention provides a medical device having a thermister for temperature measurement , irrigation / aspiration ports for fluid exchange and application of therapeutic modalities , a pressure manometer for pressure measurement , and an external system for control of temperature , pressure , and flow rate . when applied to the eye and orbit , this device can be used in hypothermia or hyperthermia applications , the control of intraocular pressure , and the application of treatment modalities . methods of using the device in treating patients suffering from central retinal artery occlusion , anterior optic nerve disease , pathology of the choroid and retina including the macula , inflammation of the eye including the vitreous and anterior segment , glaucoma , inflammation and / or infections of the anterior and / or posterior segment of the eye , treatment before / during / after surgery of the eye , and the application of treatment modalities through a semi - permeable membrane are described .