referring now to the figures of the drawing in detail and first , particularly , to fig1 thereof , there is shown an inventive movement reversal device in an application for a domestic dishwashing machine 1 . the domestic dishwashing machine 1 , not described in greater detail here , has a washing receptacle 2 , in which goods to be washed , e . g . dirty dishes and cutlery , are placed , usually into dish racks 3 , 4 . provided in the dishwashing machine 1 is a hydraulic configuration , whereby , at least two spraying devices are disposed in the washing receptacle 2 , in the illustrated embodiments two spraying devices 5 , 6 , which supply the goods to be washed disposed in the washing receptacle 2 with liquid . the liquid , usually called dishwashing liquid , is conveyed to the spraying devices 5 , 6 in liquid supply lines 8 , 9 by a circulating pump 7 . normally , the liquid conveyed in domestic dishwashing machines 1 is heated at least in a part program segment of a wash cycle , for which purpose the domestic dishwashing machine 1 in the illustrated embodiments has a flow heater 10 . the liquid conveyed in the domestic dishwashing machine 1 is forwarded by the circulating pump 7 to a supply connection 11 of the flow heater 10 and through the flow heater 10 . the flow heater 10 has at least two outlet connections , namely a number of outlet connections corresponding to the number of spraying devices or simultaneously operated groups of spraying devices , in the illustrated embodiments two outlet connections 12 , 13 . the liquid is conveyed via the above - mentioned liquid supply lines 8 , 9 to the different spraying devices 5 , 6 from the outlet connections 12 , 13 of the flow heater 10 . the heating rods required to heat the liquid in the flow heater 10 are designated by reference numeral 16 ( fig2 ). the conveyed liquid flows through a movement reversal device 20 , disposed in the illustrated embodiments in the flow heater 10 , for which purpose the conveyed liquid is forwarded by the circulating pump 7 to the supply connection 11 of the flow heater 10 , which is thus also the supply connection for the movement reversal device 20 . the movement reversal device 20 has at least two outlets . in the illustrated embodiment the two outlet connections 12 , 13 of the flow heater 10 are the outlets for the movement reversal device to supply the liquid in each case to the different spraying devices 5 , 6 . the outlet connections 12 , 13 can be opened or substantially closed by a positioning element 21 , 21 ′ of the movement reversal device 20 disposed in the illustrated embodiments in the flow heater 10 , in the direction of flow in front of the outlet connections 12 , 13 , such that in each case either one of the outlet connections 12 , 13 or a number of outlet connections 12 , 13 or all outlet connections 12 , 13 are opened or substantially closed alternately one after another and / or continuously . for this , the positioning element 21 , 21 ′ of the movement reversal device 20 , configured in the illustrated embodiments as a disc , is disposed in the direction of flow in front of each outlet connection 12 , 13 of the upstream outlets 14 , 15 of the flow heater 10 . in the illustrated preferred embodiment according to fig3 and 4 a – 4 d one of the outlets 14 , 15 of the flow heater 10 can be closed off by the positioning element 21 in each case , and the two outlets 14 , 15 can be opened or substantially closed either alternately one after another and / or continuously by the positioning element 21 ′ in the illustrated second embodiment according to fig5 a – 5d . according to the present invention the characteristic of the hydraulic configuration and the characteristic of the circulating pump 7 is altered at the same time or alternately , whereby the characteristic of the hydraulic configuration is altered by changing the through flow of the liquid through the movement reversal device 20 and the characteristic of the circulating pump 7 is altered by regulating the speed of the circulating pump 7 . the inventive change in the characteristic of the hydraulic configuration is first explained herein below . for the inventive change in the characteristic of the hydraulic configuration the positioning element 21 , 21 ′ has at least one opening 22 with a different cross - section compared to the cross - section at least of another opening 23 . the at least one opening 22 with the different cross - section has , compared to the cross - section of the at least one other opening 23 , a substantially lesser cross - section . a possibility is created by the smaller opening 22 conveying a lesser quantity of liquid to a desired spraying device 5 , 6 , and a possibility is created with the larger opening 23 , 24 conveying a larger quantity of liquid to a desired spraying device 5 , 6 , by which the simplest possibility for influencing the characteristic of the hydraulic configuration is created in a simple manner . in the illustrated embodiments the opening 22 with the substantially lesser cross - section , hereinafter referred to as the smaller opening 22 , compared to the at least one further opening 23 , hereinafter referred to as larger opening 23 , serves to supply the liquid to the upper spraying device 5 . due to the opening 22 with the substantially lesser cross - section compared to the at least one further opening 23 , assigned to the supply of liquid to the upper spraying device 5 , the so - called dead water quantity is reduced on account of the quantity of liquid in the longer supply of liquid to the upper spraying device 5 . the openings 22 , 23 are disposed in the illustrated embodiments at a right angle to one another on a circle with the same radius indicated in fig3 , 4 a – 4 d and 5 a – 5 d by dashed lines . the configuration of the openings on the same radius at a right angle ( 90 degree offset ) to one another creates a very simple possibility of controlling the movement reversal device 20 . in the illustrated embodiments the at least one larger opening 23 serves to supply the liquid to the lower spraying device 6 , although with particular program cycles the latter can also alternatively serve to supply the liquid to the upper spraying device 5 . in using the at least one large opening 23 alternately also for supplying the upper spraying device 5 the possibility is created to supply substantially larger quantities of washing liquid also to the upper spraying device 5 in a simple manner . in the further embodiment illustrated in fig5 a – 5d the two opposite , larger openings 23 , 24 on the positioning element 21 ′ ( e . g . the disc ), act simultaneously for supplying the liquid to the lower spraying device 6 and to the upper spraying device 5 . the closed regions of the positioning element 21 , 21 ′ ( e . g . the disc ) which in the locked positions rest tight on the corresponding outlets 14 , 15 , are designated by 25 and in each case have a revolving sealing edge 26 projecting up in the direction of the outlets 14 , 15 . also , the smaller opening 22 is enclosed by such a sealing edge 26 ( see fig3 ). this measure guarantees a thorough sealing bearing on the corresponding outlets 14 , 15 in a simple manner . a drive unit 30 is a motor 31 , e . g . an electromotor , with gears 32 , illustrated only schematically in fig2 , e . g . a toothed gearing . the control element 21 is connected to the gears 32 by a shaft 33 , which is guided in a housing of the flow heater 10 . the motor 30 and the gears 32 are protected by a cover 18 sitting on a folded - up edge 17 of the flow heater 10 . the cover 18 also has bearings for the gears 32 , of which only one folded - up bearing journal 19 is illustrated , as a bearing for the shaft 33 . herein below the function of the inventive movement reversal device 20 is explained for both illustrated embodiments . first comes the description of the function of the first ( e . g . preferred ) embodiment of the inventive movement reversal device 20 with the positioning element 21 . with the positioning element 21 of the preferred embodiment of the inventive movement reversal device 20 according to fig3 and 4 a – 4 d in each case either one of the outlets 14 , 15 is opened alternately one after another and / or continuously , or substantially held closed . if the aim is to supply the spraying devices 5 , 6 with a reduced quantity of liquid to the upper spraying device 5 , then the motor 31 of the drive device 30 is connected to the supply voltage by a program control device of the domestic dishwashing machine 1 , not shown in greater detail here , and the positioning element 21 begins to turn clockwise , as indicated by an arrow next to fig4 d . one the closed areas 25 of the positioning element 21 is turned until it sits tight on the outlet 15 and the smaller opening 22 lies over the outlet 14 . this corresponds to the position of the positioning element 21 in fig4 b . in the process the supply of liquid flowing through the flow heater 10 in this case to the lower spraying device 6 is interrupted and the supply to the upper spraying device 5 is opened on account of the smaller opening 22 with less liquid throughput . the movement reversal device 20 remains in this position for an effective period provided in the program cycle , approximately one minute in the illustrated embodiment , whereby the location of the positioning element 21 is fixed by a sensory mechanism , not described in greater detail here , e . g . the actuator mechanism described in published , non - prosecuted german patent application de 100 65 571 a1 which is hereby incorporated herein , the motor 31 is switched off by the program control device for a preset duration , so that the respective location of the positioning element 21 is maintained for this duration . with selective supplying of the spraying devices 5 , 6 the motor 31 turns further , by which one of the closed areas 25 sits tight on the outlet 14 after a revolution of the positioning element 21 through 90 ° in the embodiment and the larger opening 23 lies over the outlet 15 . this corresponds to the position of the positioning element 21 in fig4 c . supply to the upper spraying device 5 is now interrupted and supply is opened to the lower spraying device 6 with a larger liquid throughput . in this position the movement reversal device 20 now remains for an effective period provided in the program cycle , approximately one minute in the illustrated embodiment . however , subsequent continuous further rotation of the motor 31 to the position in fig4 b , in the illustrated embodiment over 270 °, quickly results in opening of the outlet 15 by the smaller opening 22 on account of the rapid rotation of the positioning element 21 , and then in opening of the outlet 14 by the larger opening 23 ( see fig4 d and then fig4 a ), until one of the closed areas 25 rests on the outlet 15 and the smaller bore 22 on the outlet 14 , with the procedure being repeated as above . as described initially , selective charging of the spraying devices 5 , 6 is used especially to save water , whereby according to the present invention the smaller opening 22 of the positioning element 21 of the inventive movement reversal device 20 prevents intake of air with unpleasant and unwanted noise from the circulating pump 7 by a lesser liquid throughput to the upper spraying device 4 , such that empty suction of the suction chamber of the circulating pump 7 does not occur , and thus a decrease in the revolution speed of the circulating pump 7 is not necessary , as in the prior art . but now if selective charging of the spraying devices 5 , 6 with an unchecked liquid supply to the upper spraying device 5 is wanted , the positioning element 21 is turned until one of the closed areas 25 of the positioning element 21 sits tight on the outlet 15 , and the larger opening 23 lies over the outlet 14 . this corresponds to the position of the positioning element 21 shown in fig4 a . accordingly the charging of the liquid flowing through the flow heater 10 in this case to the lower spraying device 6 is interrupted and the supply to the upper spraying device 5 is opened due to the larger opening 23 with an unreduced liquid throughput . the movement reversal device 20 remains in this position for an effective period provided in the program sequence , approximately one minute in the illustrated embodiment . with selective charging of the spraying devices 5 , 6 the motor 31 then rotates further , but at the same time , on account of the rapid revolution of the positioning element 21 , this quickly results in a further opening of the outlet 14 by the smaller opening 22 ( see fig4 b ). after rotation of the positioning element 21 through 180 ° in the embodiment one of the closed areas 25 sits tight on the outlet 14 , and the larger opening 23 lies over the outlet 15 . this corresponds to the position of the positioning element 21 in fig4 c . accordingly , supply to the upper spraying device 5 is interrupted and supply to the lower spraying device 6 with larger liquid throughput is opened . the movement reversal device 20 now remains in this position for an effective period provided in the program sequence , approximately one minute in the illustrated embodiment . with subsequent continuous further rotation of the motor 31 to the position in fig4 a , in the illustrated embodiment again through 180 °, until one of the closed areas 25 again bears on the outlet 15 and the larger bore 23 lies on the outlet 14 , and the procedure continues as above . but if continuous opening only of the liquid supply line 8 to the upper spraying device 5 with an undiminished quantity of liquid is wanted , a so - called complete upper rack washing , then the above described sensory mechanism is employed to run the motor 31 only until the larger opening 23 of the positioning element 21 has reached the outlet 14 for the outlet connection 12 to the liquid supply line 8 to the upper spraying device 5 , see fig4 a , and then to maintain this position throughout the entire wash cycle , because the motor 31 is no longer being run . if a continuous opening only of the liquid supply line 8 to the upper spraying device 5 is wanted , though with a reduced quantity of liquid , a so - called choked upper rack washing , then the above described sensory mechanism is employed to run motor 31 only until the larger opening 23 of the positioning element 21 has only partially opened the outlet 14 for the outlet connection 12 to the liquid supply line 8 to the upper spraying device 5 , see fig4 d , and then to maintain this position throughout the entire wash cycle , because the motor 31 is no longer being run . but if continuous opening only of the liquid supply line 8 to the upper spraying device 5 is wanted , though with the reduced quantity of liquid during selective operation , so - called strongly choked upper rack washing , then the above described sensory mechanism is employed to run the motor 31 only until the smaller opening 22 of the positioning element 21 has opened the outlet 14 for the outlet connection 12 to the liquid supply 8 to the upper spraying device 5 , see fig4 b , and then to maintain this position throughout the entire wash cycle , because the motor 31 is no longer being run . of course , it is also conceivable to alternatively carry out continuous opening only of the liquid supply line 9 to the lower spraying device 6 . with the above described sensory mechanism the motor 31 would run only until the larger opening 23 of the positioning element 21 has reached the outlet 15 for the outlet connection 13 to the liquid supply line 9 to the lower spraying device 6 , see fig4 c , and then , because the motor 31 would no longer be run , would maintain this position throughout the complete wash cycle . simultaneous operation of both spraying devices 5 , 6 without exchange between them by simultaneous supply of liquid , a so - called dual rack washing , is not provided with this first embodiment of the inventive movement reversal device 20 . the description of the function of the second embodiment of the inventive movement reversal device 20 with the positioning element 21 ′ now follows . with the positioning element 21 ′ of the second embodiment of the inventive movement reversal device 20 according to fig5 a – 5d , in each case , either one of the outlets 14 , 15 or both outlets 14 , 15 is opened or held substantially closed alternately one after another and / or continuously . if selective charging of the spraying devices 5 , 6 is wanted , then the connection of the motor 31 of the drive mechanism 30 to the supply voltage by a program control device of the domestic dishwashing machine 1 , not explained in greater detail here , is made , and the positioning element 21 ′ begins to revolve clockwise , as indicated by an arrow next to fig5 d . thereby one of the closed areas 25 of the positioning element 21 ′ is rotated until it is sitting tight on the outlet 15 , and the smaller opening 22 lies over the outlet 14 . this corresponds to the position of the positioning element 21 ′ in fig5 a . thus the supply of liquid flowing through the flow heater 10 liquid in this case to the lower spraying device 6 is interrupted , and the supply to the upper spraying device 5 is opened . the movement reversal device 20 remains in this position , for approximately one minute in the illustrated embodiment , whereby the location of the positioning element 21 is fixed by a sensory mechanism , not described in greater detail here , and the motor 31 is switched off by the program control device for a preset duration , so that each location of the positioning element 21 ′ is kept throughout this duration . but subsequent continuous further rotation of the motor 31 to the position in fig5 c , in the illustrated embodiment through 180 °, in which one of the closed areas 25 sits tight on the outlet 14 and the smaller opening 22 lies over the outlet 15 , temporarily and quickly results in opening of both outlets 14 , 15 by the larger openings 23 , 24 ( see fig5 b ) due to the rapid rotation of the positioning element 21 ′ ( past the position in fig5 b to the position in fig5 c ). supply to the upper spraying device 5 is interrupted in the position of the positioning element 21 ′ according to fig5 c , and supply to the lower spraying device 6 is opened . the movement reversal device 20 remains in this position , again for approximately one minute in the illustrated embodiment . but subsequent further rotation of the motor 31 to the position according to fig5 a , in the illustrated embodiment through 180 °, in which one of the closed areas 25 sits tight on the outlet 15 and the smaller opening 22 lies over the outlet 14 , temporarily and quickly results in opening of both outlets 14 , 15 by the larger openings 23 , 24 due to the rapid rotation of the positioning element 21 ′. supply to the lower spraying device 6 is interrupted in the position of the positioning element 21 ′ according to fig5 a , and supply to the upper spraying device 5 is opened . the movement reversal device 20 remains in this position , again for approximately one minute in the illustrated embodiment , and then the procedure is repeated , as above . but if continuous opening only of the liquid supply line 8 to the upper spraying device 5 is wanted , a so - called choked upper rack washing , then the above described sensory mechanism is employed to run the motor 31 only until the smaller opening 22 of the positioning element 21 ′ has reached the outlet 14 for the outlet connection 12 to the liquid supply 8 to the upper spraying device 5 , see fig5 a , and then to maintain this position throughout the entire wash cycle , because the motor 31 is no longer being run . if continuous opening only of the liquid supply line 8 to the upper spraying device 5 is wanted , though with reduced quantity of liquid , a so - called strongly choked upper rack washing , then the above described sensory mechanism is employed to run the motor 31 only until the smaller opening 22 of the positioning element 21 ′ has only partially opened outlet 14 for the outlet connection 12 to the liquid supply 8 to the upper spraying device 5 , see fig5 d , and then to maintain this position throughout the entire wash cycle , because the motor 31 is no longer being run . the so - called complete upper rack washing is not provided in the second embodiment . if , alternatively , continuous opening only of the liquid supply line 9 to the lower spraying device 6 were now wanted , then the above described sensory mechanism would be used to run the motor 31 only until the smaller opening 22 of the positioning element 21 ′ has reached the outlet 15 for the outlet connection 13 to the liquid supply line 9 to the lower spraying device 6 , see fig5 c , and then to maintain this position throughout the entire wash cycle , because the motor 31 is no longer being run . if uninterrupted operation of both spraying devices 5 , 6 is wanted in the second embodiment of the inventive movement reversal device 20 , the position of the openings 23 and 24 on the positioning element 21 ′ at both outlets 14 , 15 can again be fixed by the above described sensory mechanism ( see fig5 b ) and this position maintained throughout the entire wash cycle , as the motor 31 is no longer being operated . the filling quantity with washing liquid is increased correspondingly . the inventive change in the characteristic of the circulating pump 7 will now be explained herein below . according to the present invention the characteristic of the circulating pump 7 is altered by regulating the speed of the circulating pump 7 . alternatively , the speed of the circulating pump 7 is reduced or raised in predetermined part program segments of the washing cycle or throughout the entire washing cycle , by which the plurality of program types can be further boosted , and particularly good matching of the program sequence to the types of soiling of the items to be washed , e . g . the washing goods in a dishwashing machine , is achieved . in fig6 a pressure feed volume diagram with possible pump and characteristic equipment curves is shown , in which the pressure p is scaled on the y - axis and the feed volume q is scaled on the x - axis . reducing the speed of the circulating pump 7 has the effect of lowering the pressure generated by the circulating pump and thus also of the conveyed quantity of liquid . conversely , the effect of raising the speed of the circulating pump 7 is an increase in the pressure generated by the circulating pump and thus also of the conveyed quantity of liquid . basically , as shown in fig6 , the characteristic pump curve , see characteristic pump curve pb , is moved parallel upwards with an increase in the speed , see characteristic pump curve pa , and is moved parallel downwards with a drop in the speed , see characteristic pump curve pc . as mentioned at the outset on the prior art , to prevent increased noise levels when exchanging the spraying devices , the speed is reduced or e . g . the speed of the circulating pump during operation of the lower spraying device is set higher than during operation of the upper spraying device , to ensure full usage of the filled quantity of liquid . the effect of the inventive combination of both the previously described alteration measures is now discussed hereinafter . according to the present invention the characteristic of the hydraulic configuration and the characteristic of the circulating pump 7 is changed at the same time or alternately . apart from the examples for the position of the characteristic pump curves pa , pb , pc the characteristic equipment curves aa , ab , ac , ad for the above mentioned different settings of the movement reversal device 20 , and thus of the changed characteristic of the hydraulic configuration , are evident in fig6 . the characteristic equipment curve aa is the characteristic equipment curve for setting the positioning element 21 in fig4 b and that of the positioning element 21 ′ in fig5 a , in which the supply of liquid flowing through the flow heater 10 to the lower spraying device 6 is interrupted and the supply to the upper spraying device 5 is opened on account of the smaller opening 22 with the lesser liquid throughput . the characteristic equipment curve ab is the characteristic equipment curve for setting the positioning element 21 in fig4 c , in which the supply to the upper spraying device 5 is interrupted , and the supply to the lower spraying device 6 with the greater liquid throughput is opened . the characteristic equipment curve ac is the characteristic equipment curve for setting the positioning element 21 in fig4 a , in which the supply of the liquid flowing through the flow heater 10 , in this case to the lower spraying device 6 , is interrupted and the supply to the upper spraying device 5 is opened on account the larger opening 23 with an unreduced liquid throughput . the characteristic equipment curve ad is the characteristic equipment curve for setting the positioning element 21 ′ in fig5 b , in which the uninterrupted operation of both spraying devices 5 , 6 is set and both outputs 14 , 15 are opened with unreduced liquid throughput . as is now evident from fig6 at the twelve points of intersection of the characteristic pump curves pa , pb , pc with the characteristic equipment curves aa , ab , ac , ad , which serve merely as examples , the widest range of working points with the widest range of pressure and liquid conveying quantities values are set for the basically endless possible combinations , thus allowing virtually unlimited possible variations in supplying the goods to be washed . with program cycles , which can be adjusted either by the user corresponding to his estimation of the degree of dirtiness of the goods to be washed or by a suitable sensory mechanism of the domestic dishwashing machine 1 , and which then contain corresponding working points , the program sequences match the degree of dirtiness of the goods to be washed substantially more precisely . in fig6 the use of only one pump type running at different speeds is shown via a few examples . the variation possibilities are naturally increased further still by using different pumps with different characteristic pump curves . the energy and water consumption is optimized by optimal matching of the pressure and liquid conveying quantities values . with the invention a movement reversal device is created in a simple manner , with which the possibilities of an effect on the sequence of the washing program are improved , and thus a cleaning effect corresponding to the degree of dirtiness of the goods to be washed is optimized .
a movement reversal device is used in a dishwasher . the dishwasher has a washing receptacle and a hydraulic assembly provided with at least two spraying devices impinging upon goods to be washed with a fluid transported via a circulating pump . the transported fluid flows through the movement reversal device that contains at least two outlets for feeding different spraying devices . the outlets are opened or closed by a positioning element such that one or several or all outlets are open or closed one after another and / or continuously . in order to better influence the course of the wash cycle and to obtain an optimal washing effect corresponding to the degree of dirtiness of the goods to be washed , the characteristics of the hydraulic assembly and the characteristics of the circulating pump are simultaneously or alternately changed by the movement reversal device .