drawing fig1 illustrates a neck collar 10 from an external elevation view . the broken line displays the edges of an internal core comprising a smooth pliable sheet material such as , inter alia , an aluminum foil 12 , while the edging with full stroke line indicated the coating 14 , constructed of an elastic material , such as for example a polyurethane foam , an expanded elastomer , ethylene vinyl acetate foam , ( eva ), or similar foam thermoplastic elastomers capable of functioning as an energy absorbing or padding material . the foil core 12 and the coating 14 are congruent and make a unique single planar piece which constitutes the main body of the neck collar 10 forming a functionally shaped support panel element . the core 12 can have for example a thickness of approx . 0 . 5 mm , ( 0 . 01968 in ), but it can also be realized with thicknesses between 0 . 3 mm and 0 . 8 mm , ( 0 . 01181 in . to 0 . 03149 in . ); lower ranges of thickness fail to provide a requisite collar stiffness , while higher thicknesses increase difficulty in shaping the collar . aluminum behaves elastically under loading conditions with the ability to resume both shape and size , a preferred characteristic when flexible strength is required . the foil thickness is critical to preserve the core &# 39 ; s energy absorption when deformed elastically wherein the cervical collar is conformed around a patient &# 39 ; s neck by a mild hand pressure without the need for special tools or any other intervention , and to return it when unloaded in a resilient recall of the formed shape . resilience is measured by the modulus of resilience , which is the strain energy per unit volume required to stress the material from zero stress to the yield stress . the ability to withstand such stress without fracturing is particularly desirable in medical devices , namely in this case cervical collars . a laminate layer of padding forms a coating 14 , which is essentially co - extensive with the foil core 12 . since thickness of the laminate coating 14 affects bulk of the collar , the coating is generally set so that the collar can have a total thickness included between 4 mm and 8 mm , ( 0 . 1574 in . to 0 . 3149 in . ), for example a thickness of approx . 5 mm , ( 0 . 1968 in .). in any case it is better to establish a noticeable thickness on the edges and on the internal side , so the parts which are directly in contact with the patient are thicker , while the coating thickness on the external surface is reduced . the main body of the neck collar 10 is shaped as a single planar member that is defined to form different functional support parts or plates adapted to patient structures contacted by the collar 10 ; in particular a plate 20 for the support of the chin which is flanked by two plates 30 for supporting the lower jaw , a part or plate 40 for anchoring the collar 10 against the breastbone and a part 50 for backing at the nape . between plates 20 and 40 of the collar 10 there is an opening 60 in order to allow to the ems staff to practice any tracheotomy even when the collar has already been applied to the patient . a second opening 70 is realized in the part 50 of the body of the collar 10 in order to favor the nape &# 39 ; s ventilation . the collar 10 is moreover equipped with a repositionable closing device , such as a device with a system matching opposite bands of loops and hooks of velcro ® or similar devices . the closing device presented here includes in this case a plate 80 equipped with hooks which is fixed , for example by gluing it , to the external side of the body of the collar 10 , to the extremity which is positioned corresponding to one of the parts 30 supporting the lower jaw . at the opposite side there is opposed a band 90 equipped with loops and fixed to the internal side of the body of the collar 10 by means of rivets 91 or similar fixing devices ; the band comes outside the body of the collar 10 through a slot 59 and has a length which is duly chosen to adapt the collar 10 to the several sizes for which it is intended . drawing fig2 illustrates the neck collar 10 of drawing fig1 in an open , planar condition , i . e . the one assumed when it is applied to the patient &# 39 ; s neck . it is notable that the section 20 comprises a chin adapter for supporting the chin and includes several repositioning upright wings or pegs 25 allowing quick and easy adaptation of the collar to the shape of the patient &# 39 ; s jaw and chin . the wings 25 , represented in fig2 with full stroke line in their own original position can be therefore moved forward or back and shaped by a simple bend or folding in order to give them the configuration represented for example with the broken line . a neck collar 10 according to the invention can also be shaped in a suitable condition to be shipped or stored in a small space , for example by shaping the main body of the collar 10 in a roll ( drawing fig3 ) or in a folded and flat condition ( drawing fig3 ). in summary , the particular construction characteristic of a collar 10 according to the invention makes it easy to be folded , rolled up or anyway allows to give it reduced and compact shape and dimensions , adequate for placing it inside a rescue backpack . once applied to the neck of the patient , the collar 10 becomes rigid so that it can immobilize it steadily . a neck collar 10 according to the invention is additionally quite light , around 100 g , ( 3 . 5274 oz . ), and lends itself therefore to be adopted in a transportable ems rescue kit without having any significant impact on their total weight . referring to fig5 , a cross - section view taken on line 101 - 101 of fig1 , there is shown the smooth pliable aluminum foil sheet 12 encased within the energy absorbing padding of a thermoplastic foam material 14 . the core can also be formed of an aluminum alloy having a proof resilience , that is , a range of maximum energy that can be absorbed within the elastic limit , without creating a permanent distortion . the core modulus of resilience is computed by the formula , where u r is the modulus of resilience , σy is the yield strength , and e is young &# 39 ; s modulus . of course , the core disclosed here is preferably constructed of an aluminum alloy which is within the proof resilience range so that the collar is not permanently deformed when manually molded on a patient &# 39 ; s neck . several modifications can be made by an expert in this field without departing from the spirit of the invention . for example , the closing device can also be different from the one which is now represented by loops and hooks . similarly , the device can also include more than one plate of hooks 80 and even more than one strip of loops 90 .
a neck collar with a first shaped condition adequate for application to the patient &# 39 ; s neck , mold and conform to the patient &# 39 ; s neck configuration , retain and recall that configuration following removal and reapplication to the patient . a second shaped condition for storage . the collar is achieved by a unique piece of conformable material that is sufficiently resilient to maintain the given shape . the main body is designed to provide support and recall the anatomic shape of a particular patient &# 39 ; s cervical spine .