turning now to the drawings wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiment of the invention only , and not for the purpose of limiting the same , fig1 showed an automated medical office system a which includes patient and clinician stations b , an office assistant station c , an environment interface unit d and a file server e . all stations / subsystems of the automatic medical office system a are interconnected via a local area network (&# 34 ; lan &# 34 ;) 10 . the automated medical office system a is advantageously comprised of each of the sub - units b - e to allow for a completely integrated patient handling and office management system . however , various sub - combinations of the structure provide specific advantages to certain aspects of medical office use . it will be appreciated that the system is also advantageous to selective automation of various aspects of patient management and care . the system also contemplates for selective addition of functionality as needs or desires for automation mature . next , the patient / clinician stations b , which are further illustrated in fig2 will be discussed in detail . the portion b advantageously includes a computer system 20 which is provided for data acquisition , processing and analysis , as well as communication with external or peripheral components . the computer system 20 also provides data translation with the lan 10 , the telephone modem 22 , and the expansion capabilities 24 . the computer system with the afore - noted functionality is readily fabricated from conventional computer components . the base computer system 20 includes a central processing unit (&# 34 ; cpu &# 34 ;) 26 , a random access memory (&# 34 ; ram &# 34 ;) 28 , and bulk storage 30 , such as magnetic and / or optical disk storage . the computer system 20 also includes one or more audio digitizers 32 , and video digitizers 34 which provide multi - media capability the particulars of which are well within the understanding of one skilled in the art . the computer system 20 advantageously features a patient video display unit (&# 34 ; vdu &# 34 ;) 36 . the clinician is also advantageously provided with an analogous video display unit vdu 38 . it is contemplated that a wireless remote display unit that can be carried by a clinician may be exchanged for the clinician &# 39 ; s vdu 38 . the computer system 20 includes graphical display generators 40 and 42 which form a signal communication link with vdu 36 and vdu 38 respectively . the computer system 20 may include additional graphic display units beyond 40 and 42 to interface with additional vdu &# 39 ; s . in the preferred embodiment , vdu &# 39 ; s 36 and 38 advantageously are high resolution , flickerless , color display units . the term &# 34 ; flickerless &# 34 ; refers to the refresh rate of a vdu . in particular , a &# 34 ; flickerless &# 34 ; vdu is one with a refresh rate sufficiently high such that individual refreshes cannot be perceived by the human eye , but appear fused into a continuous image on the video display unit . flickerless monocular testing requires a refresh rate of approximately 60 hertz or greater . this rate depends on the image presented , the room and screen luminance , the field of view and other factors which are well within the understanding of one skilled in the art . when the system is used in conjunction with patient binocular vision testing , the refresh rate is advantageously set to allow for binocular vision . when used in conjunction with the binocular eyewear noted below , each eye is presented with a different image . both the testing of depth perception by using stereoscopic image pairs , and the testing of each eye individually by presenting different images to each eye are well within the understanding of one skilled in the art . a binocular refresh rate is generally double the rate for flickerless , monocular testing . the preferred embodiment advantageously features a refresh rate of anywhere between 120 and 150 hertz . however , the refresh rate may be higher than 150 hertz to achieve the same result . the actual refresh rate employed by this disclosure within the range specified is highly application specific . in the preferred embodiment , one or both of the patient vdu 36 and the clinician vdu 38 suitably incorporate a touch screen to allow for user interaction via a graphical user interface (&# 34 ; gui &# 34 ;). the system advantageously employs highly configurable , structured gui for both the clinician and patient . the particulars of the gui of the subject invention will be detailed below . such interface or other user interfaces identified below will advantageously allow patients to enter pre - examination information . in addition to vdu &# 39 ; s 36 and 38 , a patient and clinician station b features several other suitable devices that provide audio - video interaction capability . when the system is used in conjunction with vision patient services , such devices include binocular eyewear including the flickerless binocular eyewear 44 and the flickerless occlusion shutters 46 . a binocular control signal is suitably provided from the computer system 20 to one or both of the flickerless binocular eyewear 44 and the flickerless occlusion shutters 46 , through a binocular controller 48 . further audio - visual interaction capability of station b includes speakers , such as stereophonic speakers 50 ; headphones , such as stereophonic headphones 52 ; and a microphone , or other audio input device illustrated at 54 . the computer system 20 provides for selected audio output capability through monophonic and / or stereophonic sound output through the connection 56 . the computer system 20 is advantageously provided with audio digitizers 32 to communicate with devices such as the microphone 54 noted above . additionally , the hardware embodiment of the station b is also advantageously provided with a video input . such video input suitably includes one or more of a video disk player 60 , video cassette player 62 , a high resolution still video camera 64 , a motion video camera 66 and binocular video camera 68 . each of these devices is also placed in signal communication with the computer system 20 . the computer system 20 advantageously includes video digitizers 34 for communicating with one or more of the video disk player 60 , video cassette player 62 , still video camera 64 , motion video camera 66 and binocular video camera 68 . as illustrated by fig2 several other , input units are selectively incorporated into the patient / clinician unit b . any such unit is placed in signal communication with the computer system 20 . these include a mouse / pen / tablet ( collectively or alternatively &# 34 ; pointing device &# 34 ;) 70 , response buttons 72 , keyboard 74 , wireless remote controls 76 , foot switches 78 and eye closure sensors 80 . it will be appreciated that the system provides for upgradeability and expandability . the system is therefore advantageously provided with general expansion capabilities 24 to accommodate modifications , including but not limited to , the control of and data gathering from other examination equipment . the patient / clinician station b is also advantageously provided with external communication ability . such capability would allow immediate reception and analysis of remotely stored data such as patient medical history , records , diagnostic imagery and the like . this external communication capability also allows access to networked computer service providers and a variety of telephony applications such as voice communication , computer - based teleconferencing , data sharing through &# 34 ; white board &# 34 ; applications and the like . such external communication capability is suitably provided by a telephone modem 22 which may include one or more of a fax , data or voice transmission capabilities . the computer system 20 also provides data translation between the expansion unit 24 and the external data communication unit 22 . in the preferred embodiment , the patient / clinician stations b are connected to a lan 10 which allows access and modification of data stored in the other stations and communication of information among all the stations so connected . this includes but is not limited to patient records stored in the file servers e , monitoring of information shared among patient / clinician stations b and office assistant stations c . such lan &# 39 ; s are readily available and may include such common network interconnections as ethernet , token - ring , and the like and employ communication protocols such as ipx / spx , tcp / ip , etc . it will be appreciated that other units or stations may be connected to the lan as they are added to the automated medical office system a . turning next to the office - assistant station c of fig3 included is an office - assistant high - resolution , flickerless , color video display unit (&# 34 ; vdu &# 34 ;) 100 . this vdu is suitably similar to that of the vdu &# 39 ; s 36 and 38 . the station c is also , advantageously provided with one or more of a pointing device 102 , keyboard 104 , foot switches 106 , audio input 108 , audio output 110 and external data communication unit 112 . these sub - systems are also advantageously provided in a format similar to that noted in connection with the patient / clinician stations b . in the preferred embodiment , the office - assistant station provides for clerical , patient routing , transcription , word processing database - related support . also , such station may also include various timekeeping functions to remind clinicians or others of various events such as , by way of example and not limitation , how long a patient has been waiting or other occurrences . such timing functions may also advantageously display on any vdu that is part of the automated medical office system a . thus , the system is also ideally provided with an independent computer system 120 . however , it will be appreciated that the computer system 20 may also do these tasks . the computer system 120 is provided in the preferred embodiment insofar as many of the functions associated with the office - assistant station c are processor intensive and / or data intensive . the computer sub - system 120 suitably includes its own graphical display generator 122 , analogous to that 40 and 42 as described above . it also includes a cpu 124 , ram memory 126 , bulk storage 128 , and audio digitizer 130 , each of which is analogous to that described above in connection with a computer system 20 . in addition , interconnections for signal and signaling / data between the computer sub - system 120 and its various external components is also provided . in the preferred embodiment , the office - assistant station c is connected to the patient and clinician stations b , the environmental interface unit d , and the file server e via a local area network (&# 34 ; lan &# 34 ;) 10 . this interconnection provides for a well integrated system . patient information is readily available to both the clinician , as well as the office - assistant . thus , information is available for both diagnostics , invoicing , archiving and - the like . clinician inputs , such as direct voice input , are also available to office - assistant station personnel . this allows for ease in transcription from dictation , record updating , and the like . turning now to fig4 the subject automated medical office system a is also advantageously provided with one or more of the environmental interface unit d . this unit is also provided with an interconnection sub - system 140 which is tied into lan 10 along with the patient and clinician stations b , the office - assistant station c , and the file server e . the environment interface units d suitably provide for the selective control of one or more room lights 142 , task lights 144 , fixation lights 146 and annunciator lights and signals 148 . further , the unit provides environmental monitoring for items such as temperature , humidity and the like , and is provided with a sensor unit 150 . thus , environmental , and related input such as dimming of lights , monitoring of temperature , external status such as room - in - use and help - needed are advantageously provided and fully integrated into the overall system . this is advantageous as such information can be included in patient records created during an examination . such information may be useful in diagnosis of patients . turning now to fig5 a and 5b , a hierarchical relationship of major screen functions of the associated invention will be described in detail . in the figures , several sections are provided . these include a test section 200 , a communication section 250 , a video section 300 , a call section 350 , a light section 400 , and a records section 450 . each such section represents a top - level control screen represented by the first rounded box of each section . turning particularly to the test section 200 , the top level screen 202 defines the entry level of the section . this section allows for further selection of individual tests for predefined scripts of tests for individual patients or patient types . such scripts advantageously include an initial set . the system also provides for custom groups which are definable by clinicians . the further selection of individual tests is selected by the &# 34 ; doctor &# 34 ; button 204 . the scripts are selected by the scripts section 206 . the doctor selection 204 provides for tests associated therewith to be broken down by types and within each type thereof . in the illustration , the doctor selection allows for selection of letters at block 208 , astigmatism at block 210 , color at block 212 , fixation at block 214 , binocular testing at block 216 , tumbling &# 34 ; e &# 34 ; at block 218 , four dot at block 220 , and audio at block 222 . in the illustration , it will be noted that the stereo block 216 calls , in turn , selectively to fly block 224 , dots block 226 , and animals block 228 . selections under the fixate menu 214 include a dot block 230 and a video block 232 . selections under the color menu 212 suitably include a pseudo - isochromatic test menu 234 and a multi - hue test menu 238 . suitable selections under the astigmatism menu 210 suitably include a dial selection 240 and a grates selection 242 . finally , under the tests menu 200 , the letters selection 208 suitably leads to the selection of sloan 244 , snellen 245 , numeral 246 , pediatric 247 , and red / green 248 as test alternatives . turning next to communications section 250 , provided is access to a wide range of communication tools . working from top level menu 252 , these suitably include a phone selection 254 , intercom selection 256 , e - mail selection 258 , fax selection 260 , conferencing selection 262 , and foreign selection 264 , such as a translation function . turning next to video block 300 , opening screen 302 provides selections for education at block 304 , pediatric at block 306 , adult at block 308 , television at block 310 , and user input at block 312 . such video fixation allows for animations , &# 34 ; house &# 34 ; video , and educational explanations of dysfunctions and procedures . video capture from input devices , such as microscopes and cameras , is also suitably accessible through this selection . turning next to the call 350 , the top menu 352 suitably provides links to an alarm block 354 , personnel block 356 , supply block 358 , &# 34 ; buzz me &# 34 ; block 360 , and indicate block 362 . in the preferred embodiment , both on - screen and annunciator lights / signals are controlled through the call selection 352 . turning next to the lights section 400 , opening or top menu 402 provides suitable selection of a room block 404 , reading block 406 , fixation 408 , and desk block 410 . the system provides for selected control of room lights and certain equipment such as fixation and glare lights and x - ray light box viewers , and the like . turning next to records section 450 , the opening records menu 452 suitably provides selection to a history block 454 , a current block 456 , a test block 458 , and a prescription block 460 . thus , the system provides for selected access to patient records , currently - recorded test results , previous results , and prescriptions . this suitably encompasses multi - media records , including digital photographs , video clips , audio dictation , charts , text , and the like . the dictate menu 470 provides for audio dictation by a clinician into a patient record . each dictation is also suitably queued for later transcription by front - office staff . further , both an audio record and a textual transcription are selectively kept in a permanent record associated with the particular patient . next , block 480 provides a help access menu . this provides access to appropriate help based commands which are based on the particular context from which the command was invoked . for example , the help will provide an explanation of an operation of certain tests which will be available quickly as each test is selected . further , an explanation of system functions are also advantageously provided . in the preferred embodiment , full access to a complete help system is available at all points in the menuing hierarchy to the clinician . the invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment . obviously , modifications and alterations will occur to others upon a reading and understanding of this specification . it is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof .
a computer - based system supports testing and analysis of vision patients . the system employs a multi - media interface , high - resolution , flickerless color video displays for both a patient and a clinician . these displays work in concert with a computer - based system which includes software adapted to support a clinician testing a patient &# 39 ; s visual capabilities . the system forms a component of a full medical office management facility which is extended to allow archiving of patient data , account information , office environment control , and patient education .