it should be noted here that the reference characters for identical or corresponding components only differ in the first figure in the drawing . fig1 a shows a cross - sectional view of an optical measuring device 100 according to one exemplary embodiment of the invention . the optical measuring device 100 has a cylindrically symmetrical shape in relation to an optical axis 117 . the optical measuring device 100 has a light source 110 , which is a laser diode 110 according to the exemplary embodiment shown here . of course other light sources can also be used , for example a light - emitting diode . the laser diode 110 emits monochromatic illumination light 111 , which strikes an optical projection system 112 , which widens the illumination beam 111 . the widened illumination beam 111 strikes a beam splitter 113 , which is oriented at an angle of 45 ° in relation to the optical axis 117 , so that at least some of the illumination light 111 is coupled into a hollow cylinder 115 as a function of the reflective capacity of the beam splitter 113 , said hollow cylinder 115 being disposed symmetrically in relation to the optical axis 117 . to prevent the illumination light 111 being coupled into the central part of the hollow cylinder 115 , an optical shading element 114 is disposed between the beam splitter 113 and the laser diode 110 . the illumination light deflected by the beam splitter 113 is guided by the hollow cylinder 115 in an illumination beam path 116 . the illumination beam path 116 is configured as cylindrically symmetrical in relation to the optical axis 117 . at an object - side end of the optical measuring device 100 the illumination light strikes an optical deflection element 150 , which likewise has a cylindrically symmetrical shape and is disposed in a cylindrically symmetrically manner around the optical axis 117 . according to the exemplary embodiment shown here the optical deflection element 150 is an optically refractive element , which is described in more detail below with reference to fig3 , 4 a and 4 b . the optical deflection element 150 structures the illumination light spatially in such a manner that a number of illumination structures result concentric to the optical axis 117 , each having the shape of a cone surface 122 and being projected onto the inner wall of a cavity 125 to be measured . only one illumination structure 122 is shown in fig1 a for reasons of clarity . it should be noted that the camera 145 and the laser diode 110 can also be swapped when using a corresponding beam splitter 113 . a transmission - selective glass plate for example can be used as a beam splitter , being metal - coated within a small elliptical region in the center such that the image in the center of the illumination beam path 116 is coupled out rather than the laser beam . according to the exemplary embodiment shown here the cavity to be measured is an auditory canal 125 of a patient . the auditory canal 125 typically has a diameter d of approximately 4 mm . it should however be pointed out that the measuring device 100 can also be used to measure other cavities . thus for example the three - dimensional shape of drilled holes can be measured in an exact manner before precisely fitting rivets can be selected for a particularly reliable riveted connection , in aviation construction for example . the projection of the illumination structure 122 onto the inner wall of the cavity 125 produces a closed illumination line 128 , the shape of which is a function of the size and shape of the cavity 125 . the sharpness of the illumination lines 128 here is a function of the focusing of the illumination structures 122 on the inner wall . the focal length of the optical projection system 112 can thus be adjusted so that sharp illumination lines 128 are produced on the inner wall of the cavity for an approximate anticipated size of the cavity to be measured . the size and shape of the individual illumination lines 128 are captured by a camera 145 . this is done by way of a mapping light 130 from the illumination lines 128 . this mapping light 130 is converged by means of an optical mapping system 132 , which has a particularly short focal length . the optical mapping system 132 can also be referred to as a fish eye due to its extremely wide acceptance angle . the mapping light 130 converged by the optical mapping system 132 is guided by means of a light - conducting facility 135 to the image - side end of the optical measuring device 100 . according to the exemplary embodiment shown here the light - conducting facility is a rod lens arrangement 135 , which is also used for example in endoscopic devices in medical engineering . the second optical mapping system can be configured as a single piece with the rod lens arrangement 135 , in that the corresponding end face interface of a corresponding rod lens facing the cavity has an extremely severe curvature . the rod lens arrangement 135 has a number of individual rod lenses 135 a , which together produce a length 1 of approximately 50 mm . the rod length arrangement 135 can of course also be of any other length . the rod lens arrangement can also be a so - called hopkins lens arrangement . the rod lens arrangement 135 therefore defines a mapping beam path 136 , which extends along the optical axis 117 to the image - side end of the optical measuring device 100 . the mapping beam path 136 and the illumination beam path 116 are each disposed in a cylindrically symmetrical manner in relation to the optical axis 117 , with the illumination beam path 116 outside the mapping beam path 136 . of course the optical measuring device can also have a structure in which the mapping beam path runs outside the illumination beam path . in any case there must be a spatial separation of illumination light 122 and mapping light 130 at the latest at the object - side end of the measuring device 100 , so that the projected illumination lines 128 can be captured at a triangulation angle and the 3d contour of the cavity 125 can thus be determined . a triangulation angle is always present when the illumination , in other words here the production of the illumination lines 128 , takes place at a different angle from the observation , in other words here the mapping of the illumination lines 128 toward the camera 145 . the mapping light 130 guided in the rod lens arrangement 135 strikes the beam splitter 113 . the beam splitter is penetrated by at least some of the mapping light 130 only with a certain parallel offset . this parallel offset is a function of the thickness , the refractive index and the angular position of the beam splitter 113 relative to the optical axis 117 . the remaining part of the mapping light 130 is reflected at the beam splitter and strikes the optical shading element 114 and / or the laser diode 110 as lost light . the part of the mapping light 130 passing through the beam splitter strikes an optical mapping system 142 and is mapped by this onto the camera 145 . the camera 145 therefore records a camera image 148 , which shows images 149 of the illumination lines 128 as a function of the shape of the cavity 125 , these being distorted in particular in the peripheral region of the camera image 148 . fig1 b shows an example of such a camera image 148 , in which a total of four images 149 of corresponding illumination lines 128 projected onto the inner wall of the cavity 125 can be seen . a quantitative analysis of this distortion carried out in an evaluation unit 146 downstream of the camera 145 allows the shape and size of the cavity 125 to be determined . fig1 c shows a front view of the object - side end of the optical measuring device 100 . the optical mapping system 132 , which is enclosed by the optical deflection element 150 is clearly shown . fig2 shows a cross - sectional diagram of beam paths of the illumination light 222 and the mapping light 230 configured at the object - side end of the optical measuring device 100 now shown with the reference character 200 . a mean projection or illumination angle β results for a specific illumination line 228 , as shown in fig1 d , in relation to the optical axis 217 . the optical deflection element 250 has a mean radial distance r from the optical axis 217 . a mapping angle α correspondingly results for the illumination line 228 shown in relation to the optical axis 217 . it is taken into account here that the mapping light 230 is converged by the optical mapping system 232 disposed in the center of the optical axis 217 . the triangulation angle θ results from the difference between the two angles α and β ( θ = α − β ). as shown in fig1 d this triangulation angle θ is of course also a function of the longitudinal distance δ 1 . this longitudinal distance δ 1 results from the distance parallel to the optical axis 217 between the deflection element 250 and the optical mapping system 232 . fig3 shows a simulation of the refractive production of an individual light structure 322 in the shape of a cone surface . a primary light beam bundle 311 passes through a light input side 360 into the base body 352 of the optical deflection element 350 . the light output side 370 opposite the light input side 360 has a conical facet 371 , so that a cone - shaped recess is configured in the base body . the light beam bundle penetrating the base body is widened to form the illumination structure 322 with the shape of a cone surface at the optical interface inclined correspondingly in relation to an optical axis 317 of the deflection element 350 . an illumination line 328 thus results on a cylindrical inner surface ( not shown ) of a cavity to be measured . fig4 a and 4 b show an optical deflection element 450 , which has two conical facets , a first conical facet 471 configured in a first annular section and a second conical facet 472 configured in a second annular section . fig4 a shows a perspective view of the optical deflection element 450 , while fig4 b shows a structural diagram of the optical deflection element 450 . the optical deflection element 450 has an essentially cylindrical base body 452 , in which a through opening 454 is configured . according to the exemplary embodiment shown here the base body 452 has a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 3 . 65 mm . the through opening 454 configured as a drilled hole has a diameter of 1 . 3 mm . the deflection element 450 can of course also be realized with different dimensions . an end - face light input side 460 has a slight convex curvature 465 with a radius of curvature of 30 mm . this curvature 465 thus represents a slightly focusing optical interface for a primary light beam bundle entering on the light input side 460 . like the entire base body 452 the convex shaped input interface has a rotationally symmetrical shape in relation to the optical axis 417 . the light output side 470 opposite the light input side 460 has a concave contour , which is determined by the two conical facets 471 and 472 . as shown in fig4 b the second conical facet 472 has a radial thickness of 0 . 51 mm in relation to the optical axis 417 . the optical interface of the second conical facet 472 is also inclined at an angle of 105 ° in relation to the optical axis 417 . the first conical facet 472 is inclined at an angle of 120 . 06 ° in relation to the optical axis 417 . other dimensions and / or angles are of course possible here too . fig4 c shows a simulation of the refractive production of two light structures in the shape of a cone surface using the optical deflection element 450 . a primary light beam bundle 411 strikes the base body 452 of the deflection element 450 parallel to the optical axis 417 . the through hole 454 shown in fig4 a and 4 b is taken into account by a circular shading element 454 a in the simulation . the shading element 454 a is disposed concentrically to the optical axis 417 . the concave curvature 465 of the light input side 460 is simulated by a converging lens 465 a , which is likewise disposed concentrically to the optical axis 417 directly behind the base body 452 . the two conical facets 471 and 472 bring about a cylindrically symmetrical branching of the primary light beam bundle 411 into a secondary light beam bundle 422 , which has a first light structure 422 a in the shape of a cone surface and a second light structure 422 b in the shape of a cone surface . fig5 shows a simulation of the refractive production of three light structures 522 a , 522 b and 522 c in the shape of a cone surface , which are produced by an optical deflection element 550 with three conical facets . in the simulation shown a primary light beam bundle 511 strikes a base body 552 parallel to an optical axis 517 . a through hole is simulated by a circular shading element 554 a , which is disposed concentrically to the optical axis 517 . concave curvature of the light input side of the optical deflection element 550 is simulated by a converging lens 565 a , which is likewise disposed concentrically to the optical axis 517 and directly behind the base body 552 . the three conical facets bring about a cylindrically symmetrical branching of the primary light beam bundle 511 into a secondary light beam bundle 522 , which has the first light structure 522 a in the shape of a cone surface , the second light structure 522 b in the shape of a cone surface and the third light structure 522 c in the shape of a cone surface . it should be noted that only half of the simulations shown in fig3 , 4 c and 5 are illustrated so that the resulting widened light cones can be shown more clearly . in the context of the corresponding simulations this halving of the diagram was achieved using a suitable rectangular shutter in the respective beam path . fig6 shows an optical deflection element 650 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention . like the deflection elements described above the deflection element 650 has a base body 652 with a drilled core 654 , shaped with rotational symmetry in relation to an optical axis 617 . the light input side 660 has a flat interface . the light output side 670 has two annular sections shaped symmetrically in relation to the optical axis 617 , a first annular section 671 and a second annular section 672 . it should be noted that the annular sections 671 and 672 each have a gentle curvature , which is shown in a greatly exaggerated manner in fig6 . the large radius of curvature means that the corresponding surface contours can be described as before as essentially conical facets . the curvature of the essentially conical facet 671 may be different from the curvature of the essentially conical facet 672 . it is thus possible to focus the light beams exiting from the different slightly curved conical facets individually . fig7 shows an optical deflection element 750 according to a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention . the deflection element 750 also has a base body 752 with a drilled core 754 , which is shaped with rotational symmetry in relation to an optical axis 717 . in contrast to the exemplary embodiment shown in fig6 the light input side 760 has a structured surface contour , which comprises two annular sections shaped symmetrically in relation to the optical axis 717 , a first annular section 761 and a second annular section 762 . the annular sections 771 and 772 on the light output side have no further curvature at the two conical facets . the radii of the individual annular sections 761 , 762 , 771 , 772 are tailored to one another such that when illumination strikes parallel to the optical axis 717 , the first annular section 761 is assigned to the first annular section 771 and the second annular section 762 is assigned to the second annular section 772 . therefore the light beams exiting from the different conical facets 771 and 772 can be focused individually due to a corresponding curvature of the annular sections 761 and 762 . it should be noted that the two exemplary embodiments shown in fig6 and fig7 can also be combined with one another so that the annular sections each have an individual curvature both on the light input side and on the light output side . it should be noted that the embodiments described here only represent a limited selection of possible variants of the invention . it is thus possible to combine the features of individual embodiments in an appropriate manner so that the person skilled in the art will consider a plurality of different embodiment to be disclosed in an evident manner with the variants set out explicitly here .
the invention describes an optical deflection element for the refractive production of a spatially structured bundle of light beams fanned concentrically to an optical axis of the deflection element . the optical deflection element has a base body made of optically transparent material , and has a light input and output side . the light input side is configured such that a primary bundle of light beams can be coupled in the base body . the light output side has a cylindrically symmetrical contour , which defines a recess in the base body . the fanning of the primary bundle of light beams is achieved by refraction on rotationally symmetric interfaces , which are variably inclined relative to the optical axis . the invention further relates to an optical measuring device for the three - dimensional measurement of a cavity in an object and a method for producing a concentrically fanned , spatially structured bundle of light beams .