for the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present invention , reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings , and specific language will be used to describe the same . it will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is intended . any alterations and further modifications in the described devices , instruments , methods , and any further application of the principles of the invention as described herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates . referring now to fig1 , there is shown a connector assembly 100 according to the present invention . connector assembly 100 includes a plate portion 110 , a clamp body 150 , a variable angle locking washer 130 and a retaining clip 160 . the plate portion includes an elongated opening 112 and a connection flange 114 with a locking face 116 having a series of radially emanating splines 115 surrounding connection opening 118 . as shown in fig3 b , internal connection opening 118 includes an annular groove defining an internal shoulder 120 . the variable angle locking washer 130 includes a locking face 132 having a series of radially emanating splines surrounding opening 138 and configured for interdigitating engagement with splines 115 of locking face 116 . locking washer 130 further includes a pair of tapering rod bearing surfaces 134 and 136 spaced on either side of opening 138 . extending between bearing surfaces 134 and 136 , is recessed shoulder 140 . clamp body 150 includes a threaded opening 152 extending into a through channel 154 . extending away from through channel 154 at a substantial perpendicular angle is the connection extension 157 . in the illustrated embodiment , the connection extension extends along a connection axis l 1 and is divided by gap 155 into upper and lower branches . an upper projection 158 is formed on the upper branch and a lower projection 162 is formed on the lower branch . a retaining clip 160 is adapted to slide along gap 155 and engage internal shoulder 120 of the plate portion 110 . referring now to fig2 a , and 3 b , the connector assembly 100 is shown is an assembled form . its assembly with be further described below . in fig2 , locking washer 130 has been placed about connection extension 157 of the clamp body 150 . the connection extension 157 extends through opening 138 in locking washer 130 and has been positioned in connection opening 118 . it will be appreciated that gap 155 allows the upper and lower branches of the connection extension 157 to flex inwardly to allow projections 158 and 162 to pass beyond internal shoulder 120 . in the illustrated embodiment , the upper and lower branches are formed such that they have a tendency to resiliently return to the position shown in fig3 b , with the projections 158 and 162 disposed in the annular groove behind shoulder 120 . in this manner , the projections 158 and 162 cooperate with shoulder 120 to retain the connection extension in mated contact with the plate portion 110 as shown in fig3 b . with the clamp body 150 , locking washer 130 and plate portion 110 in the position shown in fig2 , the retaining clip 154 is passed along gap 155 until its legs are seated behind internal should 120 on plate portion 110 . in this manner , the retaining clip 154 fills gap 155 to lock the assembly together and thereby prevents the upper and lower branches from flexing inward to release the projections 158 and 162 from the annular groove behind shoulder 120 . it will be appreciated that the connection extension 157 , lock washer 130 and plate portion 110 are configured such that in the retained position shown in fig2 , the plate portion 110 may swivel with respect to the lock washer 130 and clamp body 150 . the interconnection between the rectangular shaped shoulder 140 on the lock washer and the rectangular enlarged portion of the connection extension 157 maintains the angular relationship of the lock washer substantially constant with respect to the clamp body 50 . in a one aspect , the connector assembly 100 is preassembled into the retained position of fig2 during the manufacturing process and packaged for use . in the retained positioned the connector assembly 100 is ready for implantation in a patient . in use , a bone fastener , such as bone screw 210 is implanted in the desired position in the patient . although not illustrated , it is contemplated that bone screw 210 is implanted into the pedicle of a vertebral body along axis l 3 for a posterior fixation procedure . further , a plurality of bone screws 210 are implanted in adjacent spinal levels to complete a posterior fixation procedure . once the bone screws 210 have been implanted , an elongated spinal rod 240 is selected and cut to a length sufficient to span the plurality of bone screws 210 . at least one connector assembly 100 is placed on the rod 240 . the connector assembly 100 is in the retained position such that the plate portion 110 may be rotated with respect to the rod clamp body 150 . the plate portion 110 is rotated such that the opening 112 is in substantial alignment with the bone screw 210 . the upper portion of bone screw 210 is passed through opening 112 in the plate portion 110 . an internally threaded nut 220 is connected to the externally threaded post of the bone screw 210 and is advanced to engage the bone screw to the plate portion 110 . the externally threaded set screw 230 is threadedly engaged with the internally threaded side walls of opening 152 . set screw 230 advances along compression axis l 2 as shown in fig3 b . as set screw 230 advances along compression axis l 2 , the rod 240 is urged in the direction of compression axis l 2 . in the embodiment shown in fig3 b , bearing wall 156 of the clamp channel 154 extends in a plane aligned with axis l 5 that is in substantially parallel alignment with axis l 2 . as rod 240 moves in the direction l 2 along bearing surface 156 , the rod 240 engages a portion of locking member bearing surfaces 134 and 136 that extend into channel 154 . locking member bearing surfaces 134 and 136 extend in a locking member bearing plane in substantial alignment with axis l 4 . in the illustrated embodiment , axis l 5 of the clamp bearing surface and axis l 4 of the locking member bearing surface intersect to form an acute angle within the channel 154 . in this manner , the channel 154 has a first width substantially aligned with connection axis l 1 adjacent the set screw and opening 152 , and a second width substantially aligned with connection axis l 1 and disposed opposite the set screw 230 . the first width is greater than the second width . the first width is greater than the diameter of rod 240 while the second width is less than the diameter of rod 240 . in the illustrated embodiment , the sloping wall 156 and corresponding sloping walls 134 and 136 form a channel with side walls that taper from the top , adjacent the set screw , to the bottom of the channel . as the set screw 230 pushes rod 240 into the tapered channel 154 , the set screw compression force is translated by the sloping bearing walls 156 , and locking member bearing walls 134 and 136 into a locking force applied along axis l 1 . in the illustrated embodiment the locking member bearing surfaces 134 and 136 are disposed at an oblique angle with respect to the connection axis l 1 and the compression axis l 2 . the clamp bearing surface is also positioned oblique to connection axis l 1 . this locking force applied against bearing walls 134 and 136 urges the locking member 130 splines into locking engagement with the projecting splines 115 of the connection portion 114 of the plate 110 . it will be appreciated that the set screw compression force on rod 240 causes movement of the locking washer 130 along the locking axis l 1 . further , movement of the set screw moves rod 240 along bearing surfaces 134 and 136 , and clamp bearing surface 156 toward the bottom of the channel . it will be appreciated that rod 240 is positionable in an infinite number of positions along the bearing surfaces . moreover , with the locking member 130 fully engaged with the connection portion 114 , further compression force applied by set screw 230 tends to tighten the locking force applied along axis l 1 and to hold rod 230 in a three point contact lock to inhibit movement of the clamp 150 along the rod 240 . the tightened set screw holds the connector assembly in a locked position as shown in fig3 a and 3b . the three point contact lock is formed by the engagement between the rod 240 with the set screw 230 , the clamp bearing wall 156 and the split locking member bearing wall defined by surfaces 134 and 136 . also , in a plane taken along axis l 1 , the rod is held in a three point lock position between clamp bearing wall 156 and the locking member bearing walls defined by surfaces 134 and 136 that are spaced wider than the width transverse to axis l 1 of the bearing surface 156 . in a further embodiment shown in fig4 , the clamp body 310 has an internally threaded bore 312 extending along an axis l 6 that is in substantial alignment with axis l 3 of the bone fastener and substantially perpendicular to the locking axis l 2 . externally threaded set screw 330 is positioned in the bore 312 and exerts a compression force along axis l 6 . the channel of the clamp body is formed substantially as described above . as rod 350 is advanced along axis l 6 into the tapered channel , the rod 350 bears against clamp bearing surface 316 causing the rod to translate along the locking axis l 2 as it slides along the bearing surfaces . continued compression force along axis l 6 forces the rod 330 against locking member bearing surface 334 and results in translation of the locking member along the locking axis to lock against the connection portion of the plate . it will be appreciated that in the embodiment illustrated in fig4 , the clamp channel is configured to transfer the compressive force of the locking member into a locking force in a substantially perpendicular direction . further , in the illustrated embodiment , the set screw 330 and axis l 6 extend in a direction that substantially bisects the acute angle between oblique clamp bearing surface 316 extending along axis l 5 and the oblique locking member bearing surface 334 extending along axis l 4 . although the above illustrated embodiments have been described in detail for the purpose of illustration and understanding of the principles of the present invention , it is contemplated that the invention may be applied in a variety of spinal stabilization assemblies . for example , in one embodiment the clamp body and locking washer combination of the present invention may be applied to the lateral connector of u . s . pat . no . 5 , 976 , 135 to sherman et al ., incorporated herein by reference in its entirety . in another embodiment the connection portion of the plate member is moveable with respect to the portion of the plate member engaging the bone fastener . the moveable connection portion translates along the connection axis in response to the transmission of the set screw compressive force being translated by a clamp body assembly according to the present invention to translate the rod along the locking axis and thereby move the assembly to a locked position . as set forth in u . s . pat . nos . 6 , 579 , 292 to taylor and 5 , 885 , 285 to simonson , incorporated herein by reference in their entirety , the moveable connection portion slides along the plate member to capture and hold the bone screw without the need for a separate locking nut . still further , in another embodiment , the plate member may be substantially ring shaped such that it is joined to a shaft of a bone fastening element . although a set screw has been shown as the compression member in the illustrated embodiment , in another embodiment , the compression member is an external nut with internal threading that engages an externally threaded portion of the clamp body . in still a further embodiment , the compression member is one or more tapered sleeves that slide along the rod to lock the rod in the channel . the connector assembly is useful for rigid rods and flexible connectors . for example , in one embodiment , rod 240 is formed of a rigid material such as titanium or stainless steel . in another embodiment , rod 240 is flexible . in such an embodiment , rod 240 is formed of plastic or a flexible metal . in still a further embodiment , the elongate member is not a rod but a flexible cable or cord that may be tensioned between adjacent spinal levels and connectors . still further , lateral refers to the connection of the elongated member along one side of the shaft of the bone fixation element such as screw 210 as opposed to fixing the elongated member in line with the axis of the bone screw . the foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure . those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and / or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein . those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure , and that they may make various changes , substitutions and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure .
a lateral connector assembly for connecting a bone engaging fastener to an elongated member , such as a spinal rod includes a lateral connector having an opening for receiving a portion of the bone engaging fastener therethrough . the lateral connector includes a plate portion and an integral yoke portion , which yoke portion is attached to the elongated member by way of a clamp . the lateral connector assembly can include variable angle means between the clamp and the yoke portion of the lateral connector that permits rotation of the lateral connector about an axis projecting outward from the spinal rod . the clamp includes a tapering channel to capture the elongated member and lock the connector assembly .