[ 0048 ] fig1 illustrates a prior - art poseable miniature figurine with poseable joints , while fig2 - 15 illustrate a toy action figure with manipulating stem and selectably articulateable joints according to the present invention . referring first to fig1 a prior - art miniature figurine 10 with moveable joints is shown to comprise a miniature three - dimensional model which resembles a human being , having a head 11 , torso 12 , right and left upper arms 13 r , 13 l , forearms 14 r , 14 l , hands 15 r , 15 l , pelvis 16 , upper legs 17 r , 17 l , lower legs 18 r , 18 l , and feet 19 r , 19 l . as shown in fig1 poseable miniature figurine 10 includes a plurality of joints of different types that enable relative movement between pairs of body members . each of these joints has relatively moving surfaces between which substantial frictional forces exist . this arrangement enables body parts or members to be moved into a desired disposition or “ posed ,” relative to one another , the frictional forces between joint members retaining the pose chosen for the figurine by a person who has manipulated the figurine members . thus , as shown in fig1 miniature figurine 10 includes shoulder rotator joints 21 r , 21 l between torso 12 and right and left upper arms 13 r , 13 l , respectively . each shoulder rotator joint 21 r , 21 l includes a headed pin 31 having a generally horizontally disposed shank 32 and head 33 rotatable in a socket ( not shown ) within torso 12 . the outer lateral end 34 of each rotator joint 21 r , 21 l terminates in a shoulder boss 34 r , 34 l , each of which holds a pivot pin 35 r , 35 l . the latter pivot pins are disposed transversely to the axes of inner shoulder rotator joint pins 31 r , 31 l . also , the upper end portion of each upper arm 13 r , 13 l has formed in the upper transverse end face thereof a centrally located , rectangularly shaped , axially inwardly disposed slot 13 sr , 13 sl which bifurcates the upper end portion into front and rear tabs 131 r , 131 l . slots 13 sr , 13 sl receive therewithin shoulder bosses 34 r , 34 l which are pivotably held therewithin by pivot pins 35 r , 35 l . the foregoing elements comprise shoulder swivel joints 22 r , 22 l which enable upper arms 13 r , 13 l to be pivoted around an axis perpendicular to that of an inner shoulder rotator joint pin , i . e ., in a vertical plane for right upper arm 13 r , as shown in fig1 and in a plane perpendicular to the paper for left upper arm 13 l positioned as shown in fig1 . the lower portion of right and left upper arms 13 r , 13 l of poseable figurine 10 are rotatable upon their respective longitudinal axes with respect to upper portions of the upper arms 13 r , 12 l by means of joints 23 r , 23 l , each having a longitudinally disposed pivot axis 36 r , 36 l . poseable miniature figurine 10 also includes elbow joints 24 r , 24 l , which permit pivotable motion of forearms 14 r , 14 l within the plane of upper arms 13 l , 13 r , respectively . as shown in fig1 poseable miniature figurine 10 is also provided with a pelvic joint 25 that enables pivotable motion of pelvis 16 relative to torso 12 , along an axis generally corresponding to the spine of the miniature figure . pelvic joint 25 includes a fore and aft disposed upper anchor pin 40 , which is encircled by an endless elastic band 41 . the lower end of endless elastic band 41 is twisted 90 degrees , stretched taut , and held within the upstanding hook portion 42 of a laterally disposed leg support bar 43 . leg support bar 43 has ball ends 44 r , 44 l on opposite lateral ends thereof , and is fitted with a groin arch 45 which depends downwardly from pelvis 16 . ball ends 44 r , 44 l fit within sockets 46 r , 46 l provided in the upper ends of upper legs 17 r , 17 l respectively , the respective ball and socket combinations comprising universal joints 26 r , 26 l which permit movement of the upper legs relative to the pelvis . miniature figurine 11 also includes knee joints 27 r , 27 l which enable pivotable motion in a plane of each lower leg 18 r , 18 l with respect to upper legs 17 r , 17 l , respectively . each lower leg 18 r , 18 l is terminated at the lower end thereof by a foot 19 r , 19 l . fig2 - 15 illustrate an example embodiment of a three - dimensional toy action figure 50 with manipulating stem and selectably articulatable joints according to the present invention . example embodiment 50 includes a three - dimensional figurine 51 depicting a bicyclist , which is movably attached to a miniature toy model 52 of a bicycle . bicycle 52 is of conventional design , including a frame 53 , front and rear wheels 54 and 55 , drive sprocket wheel 56 , and right and left crank arms 57 r , 57 l which have foot pedals 58 r , 58 l pivotably attached to the outer ends thereof . toy bicycle 52 also includes an upstanding seat post 59 terminated at the upper end thereof by a seat or saddle 60 . bicycle 52 also includes a front fork 61 which holds a front axle 62 at its lower end . the upper portion of fork 61 is pivotably held within a head tube 63 , and has a stem 64 which protrudes upwardly of the head tube . stem 64 has attached to the upper end thereof a pair of laterally and transversely disposed right and left handlebars 65 r , 65 l , terminated at the outer ends thereof by right and left handle grips 66 r , 66 l . as shown in fig3 a , bicycle 51 may optionally be provided with a pair of right and left front axle extension tubes 67 r , 67 l , which protrude laterally outwardly of front wheel 54 . referring now to fig3 a - 3 f in addition to fig2 bicyclist figurine 51 according to the present invention may be seen to comprise a miniature figurine which resembles a human being , having a head 71 , torso 72 , right and left upper arms 73 r , 73 l , forearms 74 r , 74 l , hands 75 r , 75 l , pelvis 76 , upper legs or thighs 77 r , 77 l , lower legs 78 r , 78 l , and feet 79 r , 79 l . as shown in fig2 - 3 f , and as is described in detail below , bicyclist figurine 51 has a plurality of joints of different types that enable pairs of body members connected by individual joints to be moved relative to one another . these joints are selectably articulatable , i . e ., some being of a type which is fixed , or movable with difficulty , and others being of a type which enables relatively free movement between other pairs of body members . moreover , toy bicyclist figurine 51 includes structural elements which limit the degree of angular excursion between certain pairs of body members . thus , some of the joints of figurine 51 are constructed so as to have substantial frictional forces exerted between relatively moving surfaces of the joints . this arrangement enables certain pairs of body parts or members connected by this type of joint to be moved into a desired fixed disposition relative to one another , frictional forces between joint components retaining the disposition chosen for the figurines , simulating , for example , a bicyclist on a bicycle . optionally , joints of this type may be immobilized , by adhesives or locking members , for example , or body members connected by such joints may be fabricated as unitary structures affording no enablement of relative movement between those body members . bicyclist figurine 51 also includes certain joints which enable free relative movement between certain other pairs of body members . thus , as may be seen best by referring to fig3 c , bicyclist figurine 51 has a pair of right and left elbow joints 84 r , 84 l , which join right and left upper arms 73 r , 73 l to right and left forearms 74 r , 74 l . elbow joints 84 r , 84 l are so constructed as to maintain forearms 74 r , 74 l bent only slightly with respect to upper arms 73 r , 73 l , as shown in fig2 and 3b . thus , joints 84 r , 84 l may include in combination flanges 85 r , 85 l formed by reduced thickness , upper ends of forearms 74 r , 74 l , the flanges having flat longitudinally disposed bearing surface 86 r , 86 l which bear against similarly shaped bearing surfaces 87 r , 87 l of flanges 88 r , 88 l , formed by reduced thickness lower ends 87 r , 87 l of upper arms 73 r , 73 l . a pair of rivets 89 r , 89 l disposed transversely through flange ends 85 r , 85 l , and 87 r , 87 l function as pivot pins enabling pivotable relative motion between each forearm 74 r , 74 l and upper arm 73 r , 73 l . rivets 89 r , 89 l have rounded heads 90 r , 90 l , flared ends 91 r , 91 l , which are secured sufficiently tightly against the outer surface of the forearms and upper arms to cause bearing surfaces 86 r , 86 l to press sufficiently tightly against bearing surfaces 88 r , 88 l as to enable pivotable , but frictionally retarded movement between each upper arm and forearm . referring still to fig3 c , figurine 51 may be seen to include shoulder rotator joints 100 r , 100 l which connect the upper ends of upper arms 73 r , 73 l to torso 72 . each shoulder rotator joint 100 r , 100 l includes a headed pin 101 r , 101 l having a generally horizontally disposed shank 102 r , 102 l and a head 103 r , 103 l , rotatable in a socket 104 r , 104 l . the outer lateral end 105 r , 105 l of each shoulder rotator joint 100 r , 100 l terminates in a shoulder boss 106 r , 106 l , each of which holds a pivot pin 107 r , 107 l . the latter pivot pines are disposed transversely to the axes of inner shoulder rotator joint pins 101 r , 101 l . also the upper end portion of each upper arm 73 r , 73 l has formed in the upper transverse end face 108 r , 108 l thereof a centrally located , rectangularly shaped , axially inwardly disposed slot 109 r , which bifurcates the upper end portion of the arm into front and rear tabs 110 r , 110 l , 111 r , 111 l . slots 109 r , 109 l receive therewithin shoulder bosses 106 r , 106 l which are pivotably held therewithin by pivot pins 107 r , 107 l . the foregoing elements comprise shoulder swivel joints 82 r , 82 l which enable upper arms 73 r , 73 l to be pivoted around an axis perpendicular to that of the inner should rotator joint pin , i . e ., in a plane perpendicular to the paper for left , upper arm 73 l positioned as shown in fig2 c . although not necessary for the functioning of bicyclist figurine 51 on bicycle 52 , the figurine may be provided with such joints which may be required for similar figurines combined with different vehicles and / or performing different physical activities , thus enabling different figurines to be manufactured using many of the same manufacturing steps . thus , as shown in fig3 c , each upper arm 73 r , 73 l of bicyclist figurine 51 may be segmented into upper and lower portions 112 r , 113 l , respectively , the upper and lower portions being joined by a coaxially disposed axle pin 114 r , 114 l , forming upper arm rotator joints 83 r , 83 l that enable the upper and lower portions of the upper arm to be rotated relative to one another about a common longitudinal axis . referring now primarily to fig3 b , it may be seen that bicyclist action figurine 51 is provided with a pelvic joint 115 that enables pivotable motion of pelvis 76 relative to torso 72 , along an axis generally corresponding to the spine of the figurine . pelvic joint 115 includes a fore and aft disposed upper anchor pin 116 which is encircled by an endless elastic band 117 , preferably made from a durable elastomeric material such as synthetic rubber . the lower end of elastic band 117 is twisted 90 degrees , and held within the upstanding hook portion 119 of a laterally disposed leg support rod 118 . leg support rod 118 has ball ends 120 r , 120 l on opposite lateral ends thereof , and is fitted within a groin arch 121 which depends downwardly from pelvis 76 . ball ends 120 r , 120 l of leg support rod 118 fit loosely within sockets 121 r , 121 l provided in the upper ends of upper legs 77 r , 77 l , respectively , the ball and socket combinations comprising universal joints 122 r , 122 l which enable the upper legs to swivel relative to the pelvis . bicyclist figuring 51 includes knee joints 123 r , 123 l which enable pivotable motion in a plane of each lower leg 78 r , 78 l with respect to an upper leg or thigh 77 r , 77 l , respectively . thus , as shown in fig3 b and 3 d - 3 g , the lower end 124 r , 124 l of each thigh 77 r , 77 l has formed therein an axially upwardly protruding , generally rectangularly - shaped slot 125 r , 125 l . slot 125 r , 125 l forms in each lower thigh - end 124 r , 124 l thin inner and outer web 126 r , 126 l , 127 r , 127 l having a generally semicircular planview shape . each inner and outer web pair 126 r - 127 r , 126 l - 127 l , combined with slots 125 r , 125 l between the web pair members , functions as a clevis 128 r , 128 l . thus , as shown in fig3 b and 3 d - 3 f , slot 125 r , 125 l of each clevis 128 r , 128 l receives therewithin a generally semicircular - shaped boss 129 r , 129 l which protrudes upwardly from the upper end 130 r , 130 l of lower leg 78 r , 78 l . boss 129 r , 129 l is held within slot 125 r , 125 l by a knee joint pivot pin 131 r , 131 l which is fixed at opposite lateral ends thereof in laterally aligned bores 132 r , 132 l , and 133 r , 133 l provided through inner and outer clevis webs 126 r , 126 l and 127 r , 127 l , the knee joint pivot pin passing through a bore 134 r , 134 l which extends transversely through upper leg boss 129 r , 129 l , thus forming knee joints 123 r , 123 l . referring now to fig3 f , it may be seen that knee joints 123 r , 123 l enable lower leg 78 r , 78 l , to be pivoted or bent rearwardly until the upper rear margin 136 r , 136 l of the calf 137 r , 137 l of the leg abuts lower rear margin 138 r , 138 l of thigh 77 r , 77 l . as shown in fig3 d , lower left leg 78 l may be pivoted forwardly until the upper transverse edge wall 129 l of a “ shin bone ” 140 l abuts a lower front margin 141 l of thigh 77 l . on the other hand , right hand knee joint 123 r is so constructed as to limit forward pivotable motion of lower right leg 78 r relative to thigh 77 r . thus , as shown in fig3 b and 3 e - 3 g , lower right leg 78 r of figurine 51 is provided with a bar or rigid strap 142 which is affixed to the front surface or shin 143 of the lower right leg , and may therefore be referred to as a “ shin guard ”. shin guard 142 protrudes above shin bone 140 r , and has a transversely disposed upper , edge wall 144 . thus , as shown in fig3 g , forward motion of lower right leg 78 r relative to thigh 77 r is limited by abutting contact of upper transverse edge wall 144 of shin guard 142 with lower front margin 141 r of the right thigh . as shown in fig3 g , the addition of shin guard 142 limits the allowable forward motion of lower right leg 78 r relative to right thigh 77 r to an amount less than that of left lower leg 78 l relative to left thigh 77 l , i . e ., to an amount which prevents the right lower leg from being fully aligned with or straightened with respect to the right thigh . therefore , when torso 72 and right thigh 77 r are bent forward relative to pelvis 76 and right and left lower legs 78 r , 78 l , as shown in fig1 , right hand knee joint 123 r is prevented from being fully straightened by the action of shin guard 142 . this arrangement results in realistic motion of figurine 51 as action fig5 is maneuvered as shown in fig8 - 12 . referring again to fig2 and 3b , it may be seen that action figure 50 s provided with a manipulating stem 145 . in the embodiment 50 of an action figure shown in fig2 and 3b , manipulating stem 145 includes a stiff spring wire 146 which has a downwardly protruding lower end 147 which is held within a bore 148 that extends perpendicularly downwardly into head 71 of figurine 51 . as shown in the figures , bore 148 is preferably laterally and longitudinally centered with respect to head 71 . manipulating stem 145 also includes a finger grip which may be readily grasped between the thumb and fingers of a person , particularly a child . the finger grip facilitates rotation of the stem about its longitudinal axis , to thereby rotate the action figure along an axis generally parallel to the spine of the action figurine , as well as facilitating pivoting the figure in a vertical plane , and translating the action figure vertically and / or horizontally . an embodiment 149 of a finger grip shown in fig2 and 3b comprises essentially a longitudinally elongated cylinder 150 having a diameter of about { fraction ( 3 / 16 )} in . and a length of about ¾ in . inch . cylinder 150 has a bore 151 which extends perpendicularly upwardly from lower transverse face 152 of the cylinder , the bore receiving the upwardly protruding upper end 153 of spring wire 146 . preferably , the upper end of finger grip cylinder 150 is enlarged to help secure it within the grasp of a person , as for example , by being provided with an upper end flange 154 . as shown in fig2 stem ring wire 146 preferably has formed therein a planar loop 155 . loop 155 is of the appropriate diameter , e . g ., about ⅝ inch , to insertably receive a person &# 39 ; s finger tip . this construction enables figurine 51 and vehicle 52 to be orbited in full or partial circles around the finger tip , as shown in fig4 and 5 . also , with stem wire 146 made of spring wire , loop 155 functions as a spring which enables figurine 51 and vehicle 52 to flex somewhat relative to finger grip 149 as action figure 50 is manipulated . fig4 - 12 illustrate how action figurine 50 according to the present invention , provided with selectably articulateable joints and a manipulating stem , are manipulated by the hand of a person to cause the figurine to realistically simulate motion of a human body in performing certain physical activities , which for the example embodiment shown in the figures and described above are activities associated with operation of a bicycle . referring first to fig4 and 8 , it may be seen that grasping manipulating stem 145 between the thumb and a finger of a person , and pulling upwardly on the manipulating stem , causes bicyclist figurine 51 of action figurine 50 to transition between a seated position on bicycle 52 , as shown in fig4 to a standing position , as shown in fig8 . in making this transition between a seated and standing position , right and left upper arms 73 r , 73 l of bicyclist 51 rotate downwardly on inner shoulder rotator joints 100 r , 100 l , and right and left hands 75 r , 75 l rotate forward or counterclockwise as viewed from the left - hand side of the bicyclist , on handlebar grips 66 r , 66 l . also during this transition , right and lower legs 78 r , 78 l rotate forwardly to a more nearly straight position relative to thighs 77 r , 77 l on knee joints 123 r 123 l . [ 0067 ] fig9 illustrates the effects of rotating manipulating stem 145 ninety degrees clockwise between the thumb and forefinger , causing bicyclist 51 and bicycle 52 of action figure 50 to rotate ninety degrees to the right , as if to change course in that direction . [ 0068 ] fig1 illustrates the effects of tilting manipulating stem 145 of action figure 50 rearwardly in a vertical midplane through action figurine 50 . this action causes torso 72 of bicyclist 51 to tilt forward to a position generally horizontal and more parallel to the frame 53 of bicycle 52 . during this maneuver , right and left upper arms 73 r , 73 l of bicyclist 51 rotate upwardly away from torso 72 on inner shoulder rotator joints 100 r , 100 l , and right and left hands 75 r , 75 l rotate rearwardly or clockwise as viewed from the left - hand side of the bicyclist , on handlebar grips 66 r , 66 l . also during this maneuver , lower legs 78 r , 78 l rotate forwardly to a still more nearly straightened position relative to thighs 77 r , 77 l on knee joints 123 r , 123 l . in this case , however , straightening of right knee joint 123 r is limited by shin guard 142 , thus resulting in figurine 51 assuming a life - like position , in which the right knee joint does not become “ locked up .” [ 0069 ] fig1 illustrates the effects of tilting manipulating stem 145 of action figure 50 forwardly in a vertical midplane through the action figure . this action causes torso 72 of bicyclist 51 to tilt rearward on pelvic joint 115 to a position generally horizontal and more generally perpendicular to frame 53 of bicycle 52 . during this maneuver , right and left upper arms 77 r , 77 l of bicyclist 51 rotate downwardly towards torso 72 on inner shoulder rotator joints 100 r , 100 l , and right and left hands 75 r , 75 l rotate forwardly or upwardly with respect to handlebars 65 r , 65 l on handlebar grips 66 r , 66 l . also during this maneuver , thighs 77 r , 77 l and lower legs 78 r , 78 l rotate rearwardly to a more nearly bent position relative to torso 72 , on pelvic ball joints 122 r , 122 l , and knee joints 123 r , 123 l . [ 0070 ] fig1 is a view of an alternate embodiment 50 a of action figure 50 , in which a manipulating stem 145 a is attached to bicyclist 51 a so that it protrudes generally perpendicularly outwardly from the back of the bicyclist , midway between the shoulder blades . [ 0071 ] fig1 is a fragmentary view of a second alternate embodiment 50 b of action figure 50 , which includes a modified manipulating stem 145 b having a straight spring wire 146 b , terminated at the upper end thereof by a straight cylindrical finger grip 149 b . [ 0072 ] fig1 is a fragmentary view of a third alternate embodiment 50 c of action figure 50 , which includes a modified manipulated stem 145 c having a straight spring wire 146 c and a straight cylindrical finger grip 149 c , terminated at the upper end thereof by a knob 156 . [ 0073 ] fig1 is a fragmentary view of a fourth alternate embodiment 50 d of action figure 50 , which includes a modified manipulating stem 145 d , terminated at the upper end thereof by a straight cylindrical finger grip 149 d . as shown in fig1 , modified manipulating stem 145 d protrudes from the back of bicyclist 51 d , but could alternatively be attached to the head of the bicyclist .
a toy action figure comprises in combination a miniature three - dimensional model or figurine of a living creature , particularly a human being , and a manipulating stem which protrudes from the body of the figurine , the stem having an outer hand grip portion adapted to be grasped by the hand of the user . the figurine is preferably combined with a model of a vehicle , such as a bicycle or motorcycle , or a miniature model of other locomotion means such as skates , a skateboard or the like . pairs of certain body members of the figurine , such as the pelvis and thighs , are connected by a first , loose type of joint which enables those body members to be pivoted freely with respect to one another in response to inertial forces exerted on the body members , such inertial forces including the force of gravity , when the figurine is tilted about a horizontal axis , and centrifugal force , when the figurine is spun about an arbitrary axis . pairs of other body members of the figurine , e . g ., an upper and lower arm are rigidly joined to one another or interconnected by a second , “ stiff ” type joint which enables the body members to be moved relative to another to a posed orientation which remain fixed while the figurine is moved in inertial space . the combination of loose and stiff joints between different pairs of body members causes the figurine to execute realistically life - like , fluid motions as the figurine is manipulated by the manipulating stem . realistic motion is enhanced by limit stops which limit the relative angular excursion angles of certain body members otherwise freely pivotable with respect fo one another . also , a preferred manipulating stem includes a ring - shaped portion adapted to inertially receive a person &# 39 ; s fingertip , thereby allowing the action figurine to be orbited around the finger .