a christmas tree stand designated throughout by 2 in fig1 and 2 essentially comprises a base 4 , which in the represented embodiments consists of a base plate 6 and a peripheral wall 8 encompassing the base plate and having a certain vertical elevation in order to conceal the components located inside the christmas tree stand 2 from view . on or in the base 4 or in the peripheral wall 8 , respectively , a receiving part 10 for the trunk of a christmas tree is arranged . in the represented embodiments , the receiving part 10 is made up of another wall 12 projecting from the base plate 6 in parallel and concentrically with the peripheral wall 8 serving as mounting wall for retaining elements , as shall be explained in the following . concentrically with the circles defined by the walls 8 and 12 , a centering spike projects 14 from the base plate 6 which pierces into the lower free end of the christmas tree trunk . peripherally along the mounting wall 12 , a plurality of retaining elements are arranged at equal distances . in the represented embodiments altogether four retaining elements 16 , 18 , 20 and 22 are provided at a respective angular distance of 90 °. the retaining elements 16 to 22 are slidingly guided in the mounting wall 12 in correspondingly formed mounting openings . the movement of the retaining elements 16 to 22 thus takes place inside a plane coinciding with the plane of the drawing or extending in parallel with it . the retaining elements 16 to 22 according to fig1 and fig2 are essentially pin - shaped or bolt - shaped and each comprise two end portions , namely end portions 24 , 26 , 28 and 30 facing an axis of symmetry which is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing and extends through the spike 14 , and end portions 32 , 34 , 36 and 38 facing away from the axis of symmetry while pointing radially to the outside . the end portions 24 to 30 are provided with a point in the manner shown in the drawing in order to obtain better retention of a christmas tree trunk to be clamped , as will be explained further on . furthermore in the area of the end portions 24 to 30 on the retaining elements 16 to 22 there are stops 40 , 42 , 44 and 46 , which prevent the retaining elements 16 to 22 from slipping from their corresponding guide means in the mounting wall 12 . the stops 40 to 46 are preferably disk - shaped , thus e . g . lock washers which are held in corresponding circular grooves at the retaining elements 16 to 22 . insofar the two embodiments of fig1 and fig2 are identical . in the first embodiment according to fig1 the radially external end portions 32 to 38 of the retaining elements 16 to 22 are acted upon by a load transmission element which , in the preferred embodiment , is a flexible connecting part having tensile strength , in particular a cable 48 . the cable 48 is captively guided in the end portions 32 to 38 of the retaining elements 16 to 22 , e . g . held in bores formed there or guided through eyes arranged at the end portions 32 to 38 . the cable 48 enters -- in a given case through an opening 50 in the peripheral wall 8 -- into the inside of the base 4 , passes through a first deflecting eye 52 , from there extends to the retaining element 20 or its end portion 36 , respectively , and then clockwise in the drawing to the end portions 38 , 32 and 34 of retaining elements 22 , 16 and 18 . the cable 48 -- as already mentiond -- passes through bores or eyes in the end portions 32 to 38 . coming from the end portion 34 of the retaining element 18 , the cable 48 passes through another deflecting eye 54 and then exits again from the area of the base 4 -- in a given case through the opening 50 . on at least one of the retaining elements , in the case of the represented embodiment on the retaining element 22 , a spring element 56 is located , which in the represented embodiment is a coil spring wound around the outer circumference of the retaining element 22 and supported between the outer wall of the mounting wall 12 and a stop 58 . owing to the spring 56 , the retaining element 22 is biased towards the outside , i . e . towards the left in the drawing . in the mounting area of the retaining elements 16 to 22 , i . e . in the area where the retaining elements 16 to 22 pass through the mounting wall 12 , locking mechanisms 60 , 62 , 64 and 66 are provided . the locking mechanisms 60 to 66 are effective unilaterally , i . e . in the activated state they block a movement of the retaining elements 16 to 22 radially to the outside , whereas a movement of the retaining elements 16 to 22 radially to the inside towards the axis of symmetry or towards the spike 14 is essentially not impeded by the locking mechanisms 60 to 66 . examples for the locking mechanisms 60 to 66 shown in simplified schematic representation in the drawing are e . g . unilaterally acting positive engagement locking mechanisms comprising teeth , or friction locking mechanisms as e . g . used for so - called injection cartridges for sealants on silicon basis . the locking mechanisms 60 to 66 associated with the retaining elements 16 to 22 can , if necessary , be released in order to allow a radial movement of the retaining elements 16 to 22 towards the outside , for example in order to release a clamped christmas tree trunk or to prepare the receiving part 10 for receiving a christmas tree trunk . the design of the locking mechanisms 60 to 66 may be such as to be releasable one by one , e . g . by hand , or they may simultaneously be released by means of a central release device 84 , e . g . a ring coaxial with the mounting wall 12 and resting on the upper surface thereof , which upon pressure simultaneously acts downwards on the locking elements 60 to 66 and releases them . the function of the christmas tree stand 2 of the invention according to fig1 is as follows : fig1 shows the christmas tree stand 2 with the retaining elements 16 to 22 in their released positions projecting in an outward direction from the mounting wall 12 while the cable 48 is loosened , with the washers 40 to 46 in a given case contacting the inside of the mounting wall 12 . the space inside the receiving part 10 , i . e . the space confined by the mounting wall 12 , is free for receiving a christmas tree trunk to be clamped . in this position of the retaining elements 16 to 22 , the christmas tree trunk is placed into the receiving part 10 , with the spike 14 digging into the bottom surface of the trunk . the two ends of cable 48 projecting from the base 4 or from the opening 50 of the peripheral wall 8 , respectively , ate now grasped , with the two cable ends in a given case being provided with a grip element or a t - handle in order to better grasp the two ends of the cable 48 with one hand . while the christmas tree is vertically aligned with one hand , a pulling force or tensile stress is applied to the cable 48 with the other hand such as to tauten and shorten it , with this shortening of the cable 48 having the effect that the retaining elements 16 to 22 are moved radially towards the inside to approach the axis of symmetry and -- essentially simultaneously in the case of a perfectly round tree , one by one in the case of a tree trunk having an irregular contour -- contact the trunk surface . this movement of the retaining elements 16 to 22 is not or only slightly impeded by the unilaterally acting locking mechanisms 60 to 66 . if another pulling force is now applied to the cable 48 , the retaining elements 16 to 22 are moved further inward in a radial direction from all sides with an identical force , with the pointed tips of end portions 24 to 30 finally digging into the material of the tree trunk and clamping the latter . while the cable 48 is tightened , a weight force is preferably furthermore applied onto the base 4 to enable application of sufficient pulling forces to the cable 48 without the christmas tree stand being lifted . for example , a person pulling the cable 48 stands with one foot on the base plate 6 . as soon as suitable rocking motions have shown that the generated retaining forces are sufficient , the cable 48 is released and the clamped christmas tree may also be released for it is now reliably clamped in the christmas tree stand 2 . even though tensile stress is not present any more in the cable 48 after it was released , which is to say that forces directed towards the inside are not present any more in the single retaining elements 16 and 22 , the unilaterally effective locking mechanisms 60 to 66 will block any radial return movement of elements 16 to 22 towards the outside such that the christmas tree trunk remains clamped . the length of cable 48 projecting from the base may be inserted into the space between the walls 8 and 12 such that this length of cable is virtually invisible from the outside and the christmas tree stand 2 has an optically appealing appearance . as concerns the specific effective principles enabling clamping of the christmas tree in an upright vertical position despite a crooked trunk , reference is made to de - ps 39 32 473 by the same applicant where these effective principles are explained and described in detail . the contents disclosed there are herewith fully incorporated by way of reference . it may turn out under practical circumstances that the forces applicable to the retaining elements 16 to 22 by means of the cable 48 are not sufficient where the cable 48 is merely tightened by hand . in order to obtain greater tensile forces in the cable 48 and thus greater retaining forces of the retaining elements 16 to 22 , a power amplification device 80 may be provided , which preferably has the form of a tackle due to the fact that the connecting part is a cable 48 . for this purpose , the cable 48 may be immobilised unilaterally in the area of the base 4 , for example at the deflection eye 52 . starting from the eye 52 , the cable 48 is again guided clockwise across the end portions 36 , 38 , 32 and 34 , passes through the deflection eye 54 , and is then guided through a tackle 80 arranged between the mounting wall 12 and the peripheral wall 8 to then exit from the area of the base 4 -- in a given case through the opening 50 . owing to this interposed tackle 80 , the tensile forces applicable to the cable 48 may be considerably increased , such that correspondingly greater retaining forces may also be obtained . due to its arrangement between the mounting wall 12 and the peripheral wall 8 , the tackle 80 is concealed from sight such that the outer appearance of the christmas tree stand 2 according to the invention is not impaired by the tackle . in case the clamped christmas tree trunk is to be released from the christmas tree stand 2 , the locking mechanisms 60 to 66 -- either one by one , or simultaneously by means of a central release device 84 -- are released , with then at least one of the retaining elements ( in the represented embodiment the retaining element 22 ) being moved radially to the outside by the force of spring 56 . if all the retaining elements 16 to 22 are provided with a spring corresponding to spring 56 , all of the retaining elements 16 to 22 return to their final positions shown in the figure , wherein the christmas tree trunk is released by the retaining elements 16 to 22 and can be taken from the christmas tree stand 2 . if , in accordance with the representation in the drawing , only one of the retaining elements is provided with the pressure spring 56 acting radially towards the outside , then only this one retaining element will return to its released position in accordance with the representation . as a general rule , however , this is enough to get the christmas tree free from the retaining elements still applied to the trunk by repeated tilting movements in the direction of these retaining elements , to extract it from the christmas tree stand 2 . in the second embodiment according to fig2 the radially inner end portions 24 to 30 of the retaining elements 16 to 22 are acted upon by the load transmission element preferably being a cable . the cable 48 is captively guided in the end portions 24 to 30 of the retaining elements 16 to 22 , for example held in bores formed there , or guided through eyes attached to the end portions 32 to 38 . one of the retaining elements -- in fig2 the retaining element 20 -- includes two bores or eyes in its radially inner end portion . the cable 48 enters -- in a given case also through an opening or a slot in the peripheral wall 8 and in the mounting wall 12 -- into the inside of the base 4 , passes through an eye or a ring 49 and is from there guided to the first bore in the end portion 28 of the retaining element 20 . from here it extends to the retaining element 22 or its end portion 30 , respectively , and then in the drawing clockwise to the end portions 24 and 26 of the retaining elements 16 and 18 . as already mentioned , the cable 48 passes through bores or eyes in the end portions 28 to 26 . coming from the end portion 26 of the retaining element 18 , the cable 48 passes through another bore or eye in the end portion 28 of the retaining element 20 and is here fastened by cable sockets 68 etc . other than in the embodiment represented in fig1 in fig2 only a cable portion 70 of the cable 48 exits from the base 4 . on at least one of the retaining elements , in the represented embodiment on the retaining element 22 , a spring element 56 is located , which in the represented embodiment is a coil spring wrapped around the outer circumference of the retaining element 22 and supported between the cuter wall of the mounting wall 12 and a stop 58 . the spring 56 causes the retaining element 22 to be biased outwardly , i . e . towards the left side in the drawing . the cable portion 70 of the cable 48 is acted upon by a unilaterally acting locking mechanism 82 which prevents movement of the retaining elements 16 to 22 from their retaining positions to their released positions . the locking mechanism 82 may be arranged inside or outside the peripheral wall 8 or fastened thereto . the specific design of the locking mechanism 82 lastly depends on the retaining forces to be generated and the design of the christmas tree stand . the basic function to be fulfilled by the locking mechanism 82 is to immobilise the retaining elements in their respective retaining positions after these have been reached , i . e . to block a movement of the retaining elements 16 to 22 radially to the outside , whereas a movement of the retaining elements 16 to 22 radially towards the inside in the direction of the axis of symmetry or of the spike 14 , i . e . a pulling movement at the cable portion 70 is not to be essentially impeded by the locking mechanism 82 . it is to be understood that the locking mechanism 82 acting on the cable portion 70 must be releasable if necessary in order to allow a movement of the retaining elements 16 to 22 radially to the outside , for example to release a clamped christmas tree trunk or prepare the receiving part 10 for receiving a christmas tree trunk . the function of the christmas tree stand 2 according to the invention in the embodiment of fig2 is as follows : fig2 shows the christmas tree stand 2 with the retaining elements 16 to 22 in their released positions , projecting radially to the outside from the mounting wall 12 while the cable 48 is loosened , with the washers 40 to 46 in a given case contacting the mounting wall 12 . the inner space of the receiving part 10 , i . e . the space confined by the mounting wall 12 , is free for receiving a christmas tree trunk to be clamped . in this position of the retaining elements 16 to 22 , the christmas tree trunk is placed in the receiving part 10 , with the spike 14 digging into the bottom surface of the trunk . the cable portion 70 of the cable 48 projecting from the base 4 or from an opening provided in it is grasped , with the end of the cable portion 70 in a given case being provided with a grip element or a t - handle in order to better grasp the end of the cable portion 70 with one hand . while the christmas tree is vertically aligned with one hand , a pulling force or tensile stress is applied to the cable portion 70 with the other hand such as to tauten and shorten it , with this shortening of the cable 48 having the effect that the cable portion extending between the end portions 24 to 30 shortens whereby the retaining elements 16 to 22 are moved radially towards the inside to approach the axis of symmetry and -- essentially simultaneously in the case of a perfectly round tree trunk , one by one in the case of a tree trunk having an irregular contour -- contact the trunk surface . this movement of the retaining elements 16 to 22 is not or only slightly impeded by the locking mechanism 82 unilaterally acting on the cable portion 70 . if another pulling force is now applied to the cable 48 , the retaining elements 16 to 22 are radially moved further towards the inside from all sides with an identical force , with the pointed tips of end portions 24 to 30 finally digging into the material of the tree trunk and clamping the latter . while the cable portion 70 is tightened , preferably another weight force is applied onto the base 4 to enable application of sufficient pulling forces to the cable portion 70 without the christmas tree stand being lifted . for example , the person pulling the cable portion 70 stands with one foot on the base plate 6 . as soon as suitable rocking motions have shown that the generated retaining forces are sufficient , the cable portion 70 is released and the clamped christmas tree may also be released for it is now reliably clamped in the christmas tree stand 2 . even though tensile stress is not present any more in the cable 48 , which is to say that forces directed towards the inside are not present any more in the single retaining elements 16 and 22 after the cable portion 70 was released , the unilaterally acting locking mechanism 82 in the cable portion 70 will prevent a radial return movement of elements 16 to 22 towards the outside such that the christmas tree trunk remains clamped . the length of the cable portion 70 projecting from the base may be inserted into the space between the walls 8 and 12 whereby this length of cable is virtually invisible from the outside and the christmas tree stand 2 has an optically appealing appearance . concerning the specific effective principles enabling clamping of a crooked christmas tree in an upright vertical position despite a crooked trunk , reference is again explicitly made to de - ps 39 32 473 by the same applicant . it may turn out under practical circumstances that the forces applicable to the retaining elements 16 to 22 by means of the cable portion 70 are not sufficient where the cable portion 70 is merely tightened by hand . in order to obtain greater pulling forces in the cable portion 70 and thus greater retaining forces of the retaining elements 16 to 22 , a power amplification device 80 may also be provided in the embodiment of fig2 which also preferably has the form of a tackle . under certain circumstances , the locking mechanism 82 for the cable portion 70 may be combined with the tackle or another power amplification device 80 . in case the clamped christmas tree trunk is to be relased from the christmas tree stand 2 , the locking mechanism 82 is released , with then at least one of the retaining elements ( in the represented embodiment the retaining element 22 ) being moved radially to the outside under the force of spring 56 . if all the retaining elements 16 to 22 are provided with a spring corresponding to spring 56 , all of the retaining elements 16 to 22 return to their final positions shown in fig2 wherein the christmas tree trunk is released by the retaining elements 16 to 22 and can be taken from the christmas tree stand 2 . if , in accordance with the representation in the drawing , only one of the retaining elements is provided with the pressure spring 56 acting radially towards the outside , then only this one retaining element will return to its released position in accordance with the representation in the drawing . as a general rule , however , this is enough to get the christmas tree free from the retaining elements still applied to the trunk by repeatedly tilting it in the direction of these retaining elements to extract it from the christmas tree stand 2 . it should be appreciated that the above description made by reference to the drawing should be taken to be merely for illustrative purposes but not restricting . thus e . g . the number of the retaining elements is not restricted to four ; rather , three or more than four such retaining elements may be used . as mentioned above , two , three , or even all of the retaining elements may furthermore be provided with the pressure acting radially to the outside . in the place of the closed peripheral mounting wall for the retaining elements , single mounting lugs or shackles associated with the respective retaining elements may be provided which project vertically upwards from the base plate of the base and serve for slidingly guiding the retaining elements as well as for receiving or holding the locking mechanisms dienen . in any of these cases , the result is a christmas tree stand permitting speedy and reliable vertical positioning of a christmas tree by a single person , with this christmas tree stand having a simple construction and thus saving costs and weight while having an appealing optical appearance .
a tree stand featuring a plurality of retaining elements and a single clamping element which acts upon all of the retaining elements via a load transmission element . the load transmission element comprises a flexible , substantially inextensible connecting part having tensile strength which initially moves all of the retaining elements essentially free of a retaining force into contact with the trunk of the tree , and then presses all of the retaining elements against the tree trunk with an essentially identical retaining force .