referring to fig1 , a cross - sectional view of the anterior portion on an eye , which may be a human eye , is shown . eye 10 includes cornea 12 , sclera 13 , iris 14 , zonules 15 , conjunctiva 16 , ciliary body 17 , lens capsule 18 , anterior capsule 19 , posterior capsule 20 and capsule equator or fornix 22 . the development of presbyopia and cataracts in the human eye are associated with changes in natural lens capsule 18 and its contents . surgical procedures to remove cataracts from lens capsule 18 or to implant intraocular lenses , either accommodating or fixed , involve making an incision through cornea 12 or sclera 13 and forming an opening in capsule 19 ( a capsulorhexis ). the size of the external incision is minimized to limit trauma to the patient &# 39 ; s eye and allow faster healing . common sizes of the incision are 2 . 5 to 3 millimeters , however there is a trend to make smaller incisions , such as 1 . 5 millimeter . fig2 a shows a plan view of an optic and attached haptics according to one embodiment of the present disclosure . optic 23 may be a rigid lens or may be adaptable to folding for insertion in the eye through a smaller incision . such foldable lenses are widely used in the art . optic 23 may be a light - adjustable lens , such as is available from calhoun vision , inc ., pasadena , calif ., disclosed in u . s . patent application publication no . 2003 / 0174375 , published sep . 18 , 2003 , which is incorporated by reference herein . in one embodiment , haptics 24 are in a spiral configuration of a deformable material suitable for biomedical use , such as materials disclosed in u . s . patent application 2002 / 0175846 , for example , which is incorporated by reference herein . such materials for lenses and haptics are well known in the art and may be selected based on available material modulus and other physical properties . haptics 24 may be integrally formed with lens 23 or may be attached by various known mechanical attachment methods . the spiral configuration may be formed from strands of polymeric material . alternatively , the strands may be used to form haptics without formation of the spiral configuration . fig2 b shows a side view of the device of fig2 a . haptics may be linearly extended in the absence of a force on the haptic , or haptics 24 may be formed to a preset position , such as conforming to the interior of a natural lens capsule in the absence of a bending force on the haptic , before insertion in an eye . haptics may also be curved in a plane parallel to the lens plane , such as shown in fig2 c , where haptics 24 a attached to lens 23 are illustrated . preferably , haptics 24 or 24 a are deformable and foldable such that they may be folded into a position near lens 23 while the device is placed in an eye . the modulus of the material used to form a spiral haptic or the cross - sectional area of the material along the length of the haptic may be varied in a selected manner so as to provide variable resistance force to bending along the haptic . for example , a lowered cross - section area or lowered elastic modulus material may be placed one - third the distance from the proximate end of the haptic ( where it is joined to optic 23 ) and one - third the distance from the distal end of the haptic . the spacing of such more deformable segments along a haptic may be selected to allow the haptic to conform more closely to posterior capsule 20 , capsule fornix 22 and the inner aspect of the anterior capsule ( fig1 ). experiments with haptics having different initial shapes and placing variations of resistance to bending of haptics in different locations and observing configurations of the lens - haptic assembly in simulated lens capsules , plus what is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art , may be used to select optimum properties and configurations of haptics . fig2 d shows another embodiment of haptics 25 . haptics in this embodiment are strips of biocompatible elastomeric material . such strips may include areas of weakness 26 placed at selected locations along each haptic , where resistance to bending force is decreased . the bending force on each haptic is selected to hold open a capsule when disposed within , and , preferably , to allow the haptic to conform more closely to posterior capsule 20 and capsule equator or fornix 22 plus the inner aspect of the anterior capsule 19 ( fig . i ). again , experiments using variations of initial shape and placing resistance to bending of haptics in different locations and observing configurations of the lens - haptic assembly in simulated lens capsules , plus what is known to those of ordinary skill in the art , may be used to select optimum properties and configurations of haptics . fig2 e and 2 f illustrate another embodiment of haptics 27 . plan view 2 e illustrates haptics forming an elongated loop from lens 23 . fig2 f illustrates that the haptics may be formed in a shape conforming to the inside of a capsule when no bending force is applied . haptics 27 preferably fold to near lens 23 for insertion into an eye . fig2 g and 2 h illustrate yet another embodiment of haptics 28 and 29 . haptic 28 may be in the form of a plate . haptics 29 extend from plate 28 and may be formed to conform to the inside of a capsule while extending past the fornix but not to a normal capsulorhexis . fig3 a illustrates by cross - sectional view placement of the device of fig2 a - 2 c in natural lens capsule 18 . lens 23 and haptics 24 are illustrated in fig3 a . forceps or an injector or other device well known to surgeons may be used for placement . capsulorhexis 21 has been formed in lens capsule 18 , or , specifically , in anterior capsule 19 of fig1 . capsulorhexis 21 may also be referred to herein by the term “ capsulotomy ” or “ anterior capsule opening ” or “ lens capsule opening .” in fig3 a and other figures disclosed herein , it should be understood that an optic or lens should be designed according to well known methods for each patient , and although only bi - convex lens are shown , the lens may also be planar , concave or suitable combinations thereof . a lens may also be a light - adjustable lens , such as disclosed above . fig3 b illustrates by cross - sectional view placement of the device of fig2 d in natural lens capsule 18 . fig3 c illustrates by cross - sectional view placement of the device of fig2 g - h in natural lens capsule 18 . preferably , an optic having haptics attached as disclosed herein is placed in lens capsule 18 by the surgeon such that the optic is disposed in contact with posterior capsule 20 . haptics are preferably formed so as to maintain the optic in contact with posterior capsule 20 as it moves in response to ciliary muscle action , which will then produce an accommodating lens system . fig4 a shows a plan view of device 40 which is adapted for placement in a capsulorhexis such as capsulorhexis 21 of fig3 a , in either an anterior or posterior capsule . ring 42 is a thin , flexible ring adapted to fit inside capsule opening 21 , comprising body 42 and groove 41 . the ring is normally made from an elastomeric material such as a silane material or other such materials normally used in devices for placement in an eye , and may be referred to herein as an “ intracapsulotomy ring .”. the ring may be continuous or may be split , as shown in fig4 a . groove 41 is adapted for placement in a lens opening with retention of the anterior 19 or posterior capsule 20 material at the edge of the capsulorhexis within groove 41 . the split ring may be placed in the capsule opening with a linear injector similar to the injector used for the morcher ring , which is well known in the art . after the split ring is placed in the opening , it may be latched to form a continuous structure having an appropriate diameter , using latch 43 and socket 44 . other forms of a latch may be used to join ring body 42 when it is split into a structure having a dimension suitable for the lens opening . one or more eyelets 48 may be placed on ring body 42 or the exterior of groove 41 for suturing device 40 to an iris or other eye tissue . cleats 44 a and 44 b may be integral with ring 42 and groove 41 . cleats 44 a and 44 b may be used to attach a replaceable lens to ring 42 body , as will be further described below in another embodiment , ring body 42 has a hollow core that can be inflated with fluid through sealing valve 46 . a cannula ( not shown ) may be inserted into valve 46 for inflation of ring body 42 to a selected pressure and rigidity after the device is placed in the lens opening . the cannula may then be withdrawn , leaving ring body 42 within the eye . in this embodiment , the ring may not be split , in which case latch 43 and socket 44 are not needed , as ring body 42 is continuous . membrane 45 may be present within ring body 42 of fig4 a . membrane 45 may be integrally formed with ring body 42 , may be inserted in ring body 42 separately and latched in place , such as in a groove around the periphery of the ring ( not shown ). membrane 45 may be elastic or have elastic segments to provide for operation of a latch when a split ring , such as illustrated in fig4 a is used . in another embodiment , membrane 45 may have sufficient rigidity and strength to confine an artificial capsule , as described below , within the natural lens capsule . membrane 45 may include an optic , such as illustrated by the membrane 56 and 57 of fig5 a . fig4 b shows a side view of the ring body 42 and groove 41 of fig4 a . fig4 c illustrates the device 40 of fig4 a with lens 47 attached on cleats 44 a and 44 b . such detachable lens is described , for example , in u . s . patent application no . 2002 / 0175846 , published nov . 21 , 2002 , which is hereby incorporated by reference herein . lens 47 includes openings 47 a and 47 b , which the surgeon may place over cleats 44 a and 44 b to hold the lens in place . lens 47 , which may be folded and implanted by normal means , may then be explanted if such procedure is needed for any reason . fig4 d is a detailed isometric view of the placement of one embodiment of opening 47 a of lens 47 on cleat 44 a outside a lens capsule . elastic properties of ring 42 allow the surgeon to place openings 47 a and 47 b on the cleats . ring 42 then provides a radial force outward to maintain the lens in place on the cleats and outside the capsule . fig4 e is a detailed isometric view of the placement of openings 47 a and 47 b of lens 47 on cleats 44 a and 44 b inside a lens capsule . elastic properties of ring 42 allow the surgeon to place openings 47 a and 47 b on the cleats when the cleats are disposed inside a lens capsule , using the ability of lens 47 to fold . ring 42 then provides a radial force outward to maintain the lens in place on the cleats inside the capsule . an alternate embodiment of an intracapulotomy ring for a capsule opening is shown in fig5 a and 5 b . fig5 a shows a plan view of ring 51 having tabs 52 disposed around the ring , the tabs being spaced apart a distance selected to receive and retain the periphery of a capsulorhexis in the anterior or posterior capsule of an eye within the tabs . ring 51 may be latched into an approximately circular configuration by latch pin 54 and latch receptor 55 . other forms of latch mechanisms may be used to bring ring 51 together . the ring may also be inserted by a tool similar to that used to insert a morcher ring . within ring 51 membrane 56 may be present , and lens 57 may be included in membrane 56 . such parts may be formed integrally with ring 51 or may be separately installed in ring 51 before or after ring 51 is placed in an eye , as disclosed in regards to fig4 . eyelets 58 may be present at selected positions to provide for suturing to eye tissue . cleats 51 a and 52 b may be present to provide a mechanism to attach a replaceable lens to device 50 , as more particularly described below . fig5 b shows a side view cross - section of the device also shown in fig5 a . fig5 c illustrates the device 50 of fig5 a ( without membrane 56 and lens 57 ) but with lens 59 attached on cleats 51 a and 51 b . such detachable lens is described , for example , in u . s . patent application no . 2002 / 0175846 , published nov . 21 , 2002 , discussed above . lens 59 includes openings 59 a and 59 b , which the surgeon may place over cleats 51 a and 51 b to hold the lens in place . lens 59 , which may be folded and implanted by otherwise normal means , may then be explanted if such procedure is needed . fig6 depicts in cross - section in an eye the device 40 of fig4 or the device 50 of fig5 , further having attached to the device haptic 62 . haptic 62 may have the form such as shown in fig2 , for example . such ring and haptic combination may be used to hold open capsule 18 after a surgical procedure . device 40 or 50 ( fig4 or 5 ) may , alternatively , be placed in an opening in posterior capsule 20 ( fig1 ), not shown . such device may be employed for preventing fibrosis or growth of a capsule opening toward closure after surgery . such devices may be particularly useful in pediatric ophthalmic surgery , where closure of capsule openings by tissue growth is more rapid , as well as in treating a condition such as pseudo - exfoliation syndrome . fig7 illustrates the device of fig6 after placement of membrane 71 and optic 72 within the ring 40 or 50 of fig4 and 5 . haptic 62 of fig6 is also shown . haptic 62 may not be used in some cases . alternatively , a haptic such as shown in fig2 c through 2 h or other forms of haptics may be employed . membrane 71 may be used without optic 72 . also , optic 72 may extend throughout a ring without the presence of membrane 71 . the device including ring 40 or 50 , membrane 71 , optic 72 , and haptic 62 may be formed integrally or may be formed by joining of separate component parts . materials may be materials known in the art to be useful in optical devices for implantation in a human or animal eye . in another embodiment , a lens such as illustrated in fig4 c - e or fig5 c may be employed with the lens and haptics of fig2 a - h . the length of haptics may be adjusted to accommodate both anterior and posterior lens . referring to fig8 , another embodiment of the device to hold apart anterior and posterior capsules and maintain the natural capsule shape is shown at 80 . artificial capsule 80 may be constructed of plastic material suitable for biomedical use , such as a silane material . the wall thickness or elastic constants of the material of the wall of capsule 80 may vary to cause artificial capsule 80 to conform more closely to the shape of a natural lens capsule . optimum variations may be determined by experiment in a simulated lens capsule . as explained above relative to the use of haptics . optic 81 may be formed within artificial capsule 80 . valve 82 may be present in capsule 80 to allow the capsule to be inflated with a selected liquid or gel after placement through capsulorhexis 21 ( fig3 ). cannula 83 may be inserted in valve 82 and pump or syringe 84 may be used for injection of a selected fluid into artificial capsule 80 . the fluid used may be selected for refractive index and biomedical properties . artificial capsule 80 may be folded and placed in the natural capsule through capsulorhexis 21 ( such as shown in fig3 ) and then inflated to a desired volume . the location of optic 81 , if present , may be adjusted prior to inflation and during inflation of artificial capsule 80 . valve 82 preferably seals after removal of cannula 83 . referring to fig9 , apparatus 90 for forming an artificial anterior capsule is illustrated by a cross - sectional view . ring 91 includes membrane 92 . membrane 92 may be deformable to accommodate movement of any contents of capsule 18 in response to ciliary muscle action . ring 91 has attached thereto collar 94 , which is adapted for receiving natural anterior capsule 19 at the periphery of capsulotomy 21 . similar apparatus is disclosed in u . s . patent application no . 10 / 888 , 298 , titled “ apparatus and methods for isolating lens capsule fluids ,” filed jul . 9 , 2004 , which is hereby incorporated by reference herein . the referenced patent application discloses use of a device such as disclosed in fig9 ( and fig1 ) during surgery , except that the device includes a port for injecting or aspirating fluids to or from capsule 18 . this procedure may be used to “ polish ” the capsule to remove cells that may later cause fibrosis or pco . such procedure is preferably used before implantation of the devices disclosed herein . device 90 may be implanted in an eye for various reasons after surgery . membrane 92 may include an optic , as illustrated in fig1 . apparatus 90 will normally be made of an elastomeric biomedically approved material , such as a silane material , or combinations of such materials . ring 91 may include colorant 95 . such colorant may be used by a surgeon in locating ring 91 with respect to a capsulorhexis during a surgical procedure . tissue adhesive may be placed within collar 94 for forming a bond with anterior capsule 19 . such tissue adhesives are well known in the art . the dimensions of capsulorhexis 21 , as illustrated in fig3 , determines the preferred dimensions of ring 91 and membrane 92 . preferably , different sizes of ring 91 and membrane 92 are available to the surgeon for application in different cases . oval or other non - rounded shapes may be formed and applied in cases when a capsulorhexis is not round . although membrane 92 is shown inside capsular lens 18 in fig9 , it should be understood that collar 94 may be placed so that membrane 92 is disposed outside capsular lens 18 . referring to fig1 , an alternative embodiment for placing a membrane and ring within the lens capsule to form an artificial anterior capsule is illustrated by a cross - sectional view . ring 101 includes flow channel 104 . contacting flow channel 104 is port 105 . a cannula ( not shown ) may be inserted into port 105 and reduced pressure applied within channel 104 . ring 101 is adapted to contact the posterior surface of anterior capsule 19 before the reduced pressure is applied in channel 104 . when the reduced pressure is applied , anterior capsule 19 is pulled into channel 104 . the structure of ring 101 is designed to pinch and permanently hold anterior capsule 19 within channel 104 . similar apparatus and method are disclosed in u . s . application ser . no . 10 / 888 , 298 , filed jul . 9 , 2004 , which is incorporated by reference herein . the procedure that may be used to cause anterior capsule 19 to be attached to ring 101 is disclosed in paragraph 25 of the subject application . a segment of anterior capsule 19 in the form of a ring is shown folded to enter a portion of flow channel 104 within ring 101 . ring 101 is constructed to receive the segment of anterior capsule 19 in contact with ring 101 when a sufficiently reduced pressure is applied to the sealing area between ring 101 and the posterior surface of anterior capsule 19 . the reduced pressure in flow channel 104 pulls anterior capsule 19 into flow channel 104 . further , ring 101 is constructed to pinch anterior capsule 19 with sufficient force to keep the segment of anterior capsule in place within ring 101 and form a permanent seal of device 100 to anterior capsule 19 , thus sealing and isolating volume 18 of the capsule . this pinching arrangement may be supplied by elasticity properties in ring 101 or by other mechanical spring force applied radially in ring 101 . a ridge running along within flow channel 104 may be used to decrease the width of flow channel 104 before it is intersected by port 105 , so as to keep flow channel 104 open throughout ring 101 . alternatively , a perforated partition may be placed in flow channel 104 so as to limit movement of a ring of anterior capsule 19 into flow channel 104 . membrane 102 , included within ring 101 , may include optic 103 . membrane 102 may be deformable to accommodate movement of any contents of capsule 18 in response to ciliary muscle action . the dimensions of capsulorhexis 21 , as illustrated in fig3 , determines the preferred dimensions of ring 101 and membrane 102 . preferably , different sizes of ring 101 and membrane 102 are available to the surgeon for application in different cases . oval or other non - rounded shapes may be formed and applied for cases when the capsulorhexis is not round . although membrane 102 is shown inside capsular lens 18 , it should be understood that collar 104 may be placed so that membrane 92 is disposed outside capsular lens 18 . fig1 illustrates in a cross - sectional view one combination of apparatus described in previous drawings . artificial capsule 80 of fig8 is shown implanted within natural capsule 18 , where it has been implanted through a capsule opening . it has normally been inflated through valve 82 , and may contain optic 81 . after artificial capsule 80 is in place and inflated , device 100 , illustrated in fig1 , may be implanted . device 100 may contain lens 103 , as shown in fig1 . in this application , two optics , 81 and 103 , are placed in the eye . dual optics are known in the art for forming an accommodating lens . techniques for designing the configuration of each lens are well known in the art , using dimensions separating the lenses . movement of optic 81 in an anterior or posterior direction , caused by ciliary muscle 17 ( fig1 ), would provide accommodation for such compound lens apparatus . other combinations of the devices disclosed herein may be used to obtain dual optic systems , adjusting haptics to allow placement of the devices in the capsular lens . although the disclosures herein have been primarily described with respect to application in human eyes , it should be understood that the apparatus and methods may be used in all animals and reference to “ eye ” or “ human eye ” herein includes an eye of any animal . although the present invention has been described with reference to specific details , it is not intended that such details should be regarded as limitations on the scope of the invention , except as and to the extent they are included in the accompanying claims .
intraocular devices for use in and attached to the natural lens capsule of an eye are provided . the lens capsule may be maintained in a configuration to avoid post - operative changes that are deleterious to vision . single or dual optic systems are provided , which may be accommodating . combinations of devices to obtain dual optic systems are disclosed .