in the following description , like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views . also in the following description , it is to be understood that such terms as “ forward ,” “ rearward ,” “ front ,” “ back ,” “ right ,” “ left ,” “ upwardly ,” “ downwardly ,” and the like are words of convenience and are not to be construed as limiting terms . referring now to the drawings in general , the illustrations are for the purpose of describing a preferred embodiment of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention thereto . as best seen in fig1 the preferred embodiment includes a uv - transmissive endoscope , generally referenced 10 , that incorporates a tissue degradatory end tip 12 , which is positioned at the remote end 22 of a tubular body 24 , which connects the tip and the light source for supplying light 30 , and controls , which are connected to the power supply ( best seen in fig2 ). additionally , the tip 12 preferably includes a shield 26 for shielding the body from uv light emissions at non - targeted tissue regions , particularly as the scope is being introduced to the body and the target area for tissue degradation and / or dissolving . also preferably , the tip includes a photocatalyst 28 , which may be presented as a coating or a film on or proximal to the tip , an integral component of the tip , or as an attachment to the tip . also , this photocatalyst may be removably attached and disposable . alternatively , the photocatalyst may be introduced by other means , which are further described in the specification hereinbelow . as best seen in fig2 the endoscope 10 is connected to a variable power source 14 , at least one light source 16 , which may include a uv light source and / or a visible light source , controls 18 , and a viewer 20 . the controls preferably include , but are not limited to , directional controls , focal control , light intensity controls , visible light controls , and on / off power controls . the uv light source and visible light source may be derived from the same lamp system , or may be separate . if derived from the same lamp system , this combined light source may use a uv light filter to block uv light when tissue ablation is not being performed . optical components ( not shown ) may be used to direct , focus , and or otherwise manipulate the uv and visible light , and are preferably , but not exclusively , intended to be positioned between the at least one light source and the tubular body of the endoscope . in general , any of the optical components and also the tubular body of the endoscope , may be made of acrylic or similar materials that degrade over time when exposed to uv light . these components can be replaced when their performance has deteriorated to an unacceptable level . the catalyst - activating wavelengths rays may be projected downward from a uv light source or a lamp system that includes optical components . these optical components may include , but are not limited to , reflectors , shutters , lenses , splitters , focalizers , mirrors , rigid and flexible light guides , homogenizer or mixing rods , manifolds and other couplers , filters , gratings , diffracters , color wheels , and the like . these optical components are internal to the lamp system and are positioned between the uv light source or lamp and the uv ray light output of the lamp assembly , thereby focusing , directing , and controlling the light ray output that is transmitted through the endoscope . additionally , optical component such as gratings , dichroic filters , focalizers , gradient lenses , and off - axis reflectors may be used , as appropriate , for directing and focusing the light through the tubular body and to the target area for tissue degradation . with regard to lenses , several embodiments are envisioned . imaging lenses , such as a parabolic lens , and non - imaging lenses , such as gradient lenses , may be used . a gradient lens collects light through a collecting opening and focuses it to an area smaller than the area of the collecting opening . this concentration is accomplished by changing the index of refraction of the lens along the axis of light transmission in a continuous or semi - continuous fashion , such that the light is “ funneled ” to the focus area by refraction . an example of gradient lens technology is the gradium ® lens manufactured by solaria corporation . alternatively , a toroidal reflector , as described in u . s . pat . no . 5 , 836 , 667 , is used . in this embodiment , a uv radiation source , such as an arc lamp , is located at a point displaced from the optical axis of a concave toroidal reflecting surface . the concave primary reflector focuses the radiation from the source at an off - axis image point that is displaced from the optical axis . the use of a toroidal reflecting surface enhances the collection efficiency into a small target , such as an optical fiber , relative to a spherical reflecting surface by substantially reducing aberrations caused by the off - axis geometry . a second concave reflector is placed opposite to the first reflector to enhance further the total flux collected by a small target . additonally , more than one reflector may be used with a lamp . for example , dual reflectors or three or more reflectors , as taught in u . s . pat . nos . 5 , 706 , 376 and 5 , 862 , 277 , may be incorporated into the preferred embodiment . the body of the endoscope is tubular and made of uv and visible light - transmissive material . furthermore , the exterior is coated or otherwise shielded with a uv - opaque material to prevent side emissions of uv light into the body . the tissue degradatory end is made of glass and incorporates tio 2 in the glass or other catalyst - compatible material . catalyst - activating wavelengths directed through the endoscope irradiate the tio 2 . when irradiated with catalyst - activating wavelengths , such a device catalytically decomposes lipids and other organic compounds in contact with the tip . damage to proximal non - targeted tissue is prevent through the use of a shield that surrounds the active surfaces of the tip end that are not used for targeted tissue degradation . in the preferred embodiment , the endoscope is directed into the body through a vein or artery to the site of operation . at the site of operation , the tip is juxtaposed to the tissue to be ablated , and catalyst - activating wavelengths are directed through the endoscope . when the catalyst - activating wavelengths irradiate the tio 2 tip , fatty acids and other organic molecules are degraded and the tissue is ablated . alternatively to being incorporated in the tip , the tio 2 or other photocatalyst may be delivered to the site of operation independent of the tissue - degradatory endoscope . for example , glass beads containing the tio 2 or other catalyst may be injected into the body at the site of operation or distal to the site of operation . the tissue - degradatory endoscope is then directed to the site of operation . when catalyst - activating wavelengths are shown through the endoscope , they strikes the catalyst in the area of the tissue to be ablated , thus ablating the tissue . numerous means of delivering the catalyst are envisioned , including , but not limited to , local or distal intravenous ( i . v . ), intramuscular ( i . m .) or other means of injection , and endoscopic delivery by the photodegradatory endoscope or other endoscope . certain modifications and improvements will occur to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the foregoing description . by way of example , the endoscope may be constructed of a variety of materials , including titanium or plastic . additionally , other components , particularly sensors , may be included with the endoscope . all modifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but are properly within the scope of the following claims .
a device and method for the surgical removal of tissue from a mammalian body , specifically arteriosclerotic plaques from human beings , including a photo - degradatory endoscope having a tip end and a tubular body connected to a power source , a light source , controls , and a viewer , which are remote from the tip end , the tubular body comprising a light - transmissive material such that catalyst - activating wavelengths emitted from the light source are transmitted to the tip end and through a tip into the body ; and a photocatalyst for tissue degradation that is presented proximal the tip end for making a reaction with catalyst - activating wavelengths transmitted from the light source through the tubular body , through the tip , and into the body .