the heart rate monitor formed in accordance with the present invention is a completely ambulatory device that enables an individual to exercise while being guided by a plurality of exercise profiles , at home , at a health club , or anywhere else . the heart rate monitor includes a sensor , which is preferably located on the user &# 39 ; s chest , which detects the user &# 39 ; s heartbeat from an electrical signal generated by the heart . the monitor also displays a heart rate , which is calculated from the number of heartbeats that occur during a given interval of time . such heart rate monitors are intended to include chest units that are wired to a display , chest units that wirelessly transmit heart rate data to a receiver and a display in a wrist unit , and heart rate monitors that operate solely on the wrist without a chest transmitter . [ 0032 ] fig1 shows a user 10 running on a treadmill 12 . the heartbeat of the user 10 is detected by a transmitter electrode belt 14 , which is preferably arranged on the user &# 39 ; s chest . the heartbeat is detected with two or more electrodes 16 a and 16 b provided on the transmitter electrode belt 14 . an electrical potential is generated between the electrodes in response to the beats . the transmitter electrode belt 14 is attached around the user &# 39 ; s body with , for instance , a band made of an elastic material . a signal representing the detected heartbeat is transmitted preferably inductively to a receiver 18 on the wrist , which preferably also includes a display for indicating the heart rate , such as beats per minute . as described above , the heart rate monitor may also be a wrist device , in which the transmitter and receiver are integrated in one device . the heartbeat may be detected by the wrist unit from either an electrocardiogram ( ecg ) signal , which is derived from two electrodes ( e . g ., a wrist electrode in contact with one of the user &# 39 ; s arms and a finger electrode in contact with another of the user &# 39 ; s arms ), from an arterial pressure pulse , or by observing optically detectable changes in blood flow . the electrode belt 14 is shown in greater detail in fig2 which shows the electrode belt 14 from the side of the electrodes 16 a and 16 b , i . e . from the side facing the body of the user . fig2 also shows fasteners 20 that attach the electrode belt 14 to the elastic band , which is strapped around the body . a dotted line in fig2 represents an electronics unit 22 for processing the heart rate information received from the electrodes 16 a and 16 b . the electrodes 16 a and 16 b are electrically connected to the electronics unit 22 by conductive lines 24 . [ 0035 ] fig3 is a block diagram of the preferred embodiments of the electronics unit 22 on the transmitter electrode belt 14 and a receiver 18 , which is preferably worn on the user &# 39 ; s wrist . the electronics unit 22 is shown at the top of the figure , a sample of heartbeat information to be transmitted is shown in the middle of the figure , and a block representing the receiver unit 18 is shown at the bottom of the figure . the electronics unit 22 receives the heartbeat information from the electrodes 16 a and 16 b . alternatively , heart rate information may be processed in the electronics unit 22 of the transmitter 14 and transmitted as a heart rate value to the receiver 18 . from the electrodes , a heart rate signal is supplied to an amplifier 26 from which the signal is outputted to a power amplifier 30 and then to a transmitter 32 . the transmitter 32 is preferably implemented as a coil , which inductively transmits heartbeat information 34 to the receiver , such as the receiver unit 18 to be arranged on the user &# 39 ; s wrist or to , for instance , an external computer . the heartbeat information 34 may be transmitted inductively , optically , through a wired conductor , or alternative means well known in the art . in one embodiment shown in fig4 the receiver 18 , such as the receiver to be worn on the wrist , includes a receiver coil 36 from which the received signal is outputted to a processing unit 40 , such as a microcontroller or microprocessor , via a signal receiver or amplifier 38 . the processing unit 40 controls and coordinates the operation of the different elements of the receiver 18 . the receiver 18 includes a memory device 42 , which may be internal or external to the processing unit 40 , for storing heartbeat information . the receiver 18 also includes an indicating device and display 44 for displaying the heart rate and other variables and visually and / or audibly indicating when the user is outside a target heart rate zone . the receiver 18 includes an input device 46 , such as one or more selectable buttons , a keypad , an electronic notepad , or a speech control means . the input device 46 is used to activate the monitor and to initiate different functional modes of the monitor . the input device 46 of the present invention further enables the user to electronically enter or program information to be associated with a plurality of exercise profiles , such as heart rate limits and the duration of specified portions of the exercise profile , such as phases , interval periods , and recovery periods . the input device further preferably allows the user to electronically enter one or more exercise parameters ( such as the day of the week , time , fitness level , exercise intensity , and the like ) or physiological parameters unique to the user ( such as weight , height , age , sex , self - reported exercise frequency , and the like ). a phase refers to a specific portion of the duration of an exercise profile selected from the plurality of exercise profiles . a plurality of interval periods and recovery periods preferably exist during each phase . the interval period refers to the duration of time during which the user is substantially exercising and the recovery period refers to the duration of time during which the user is substantially at rest . the receiver 18 further includes the processing unit 40 , which performs a multiple exercise profile program . the method used by the program will be described in detail with reference to fig5 - 7 below . in the preferred embodiment , the program is implemented in software using a general - purpose microprocessor or microcontroller . however , the method may also be implemented in an application specific integrated circuit ( asic ), by discrete logic components , or by employing alternative means well known in the art . an infrared interface 46 and a telemetric interface 48 preferably provide bi - directional communication links between the receiver 18 and a computer , such as a personal computer . the telemetric interface 48 may include an inductive interface and / or an audio interface . these links make it possible to upload a pre - programmed plurality of exercise profiles from the computer 50 to the receiver 18 and download heart rate information collected during the user &# 39 ; s exercise routines to the computer 50 for further review , processing , and analysis . the infrared interface 46 preferably includes an infrared light emitting diode ( led ) 52 , which translates an electrical signal into pulses of infrared light and transmits these pulses from the receiver 18 to the computer 50 . the infrared interface 46 also preferably includes a photo - detector 54 , which receives infrared light pulses from the computer 50 and translates these pulses into an electrical signal . an infrared interface unit 56 is coupled to the infrared led 52 and photo - detector 54 and performs the electrical translations necessary to interface these components 52 , 54 with the processing unit 40 . the telemetric interface 48 preferably includes a coil 58 , which translates an electrical signal into a magnetic signal and transmits the magnetic signal from the receiver 18 to the computer 50 . the telemetric interface 48 may also include a coil 60 , which receives a magnetic signal from the computer 50 and translates the magnetic signal into an electrical signal . a digital - to - analog converter 62 and an amplifier 64 translate the digital signal from the processing unit 40 to an analog signal suitable for the coil 58 . an analog - to - digital converter 66 and an amplifier 68 translate the analog signal provided by the coil 60 to a digital signal suitable for the processing unit 40 . such wireless and telemetric data transmission techniques have been described in u . s . pat . nos . 6 , 229 , 454 ; 5 , 690 , 119 ; and u . s . application ser . no . 09 / 716 , 630 , which are incorporated herein by reference . [ 0045 ] fig5 is a flowchart showing the top - level functions of the heart rate monitor formed in accordance with the present invention . the plurality of exercise profiles are programmed manually in step 70 . while the user is exercising and the heart rate monitor is in a measure mode , heart rate information is stored in the heart rate monitor in step 72 . it must be noted that the subject invention is able to guide the user in maintaining his heart rate within a target zone while performing a plurality of exercise routines . the heart rate monitor formed in accordance with the present invention accomplishes this by being able to store , revise , and manipulate a plurality of exercise profiles . each of the exercise profiles may be tailored to a particular set of exercise or physiological parameters , thereby eliminating the need for the user to reprogram the heart rate monitor with a different exercise profile when switching between routines . the user may optionally review the heart rate information while in file mode in step 74 , and may optionally download the heart rate information to a computer for further processing and analysis in step 76 . as discussed above , the user may upload a pre - programmed plurality of profiles from a computer in step 78 rather than manually programming the plurality of profiles in step 70 . the user may also interrupt a currently running profile , phase , interval period , or recovery period while in the measure mode in step 80 . step 70 in fig5 is shown in greater detail in fig6 a and 6b , which detail the function of manually programming the plurality of profiles . each of the plurality of exercise profiles is selected in step 82 and the selected profile identifier is preferably displayed in step 84 . the profile identifier may be modified by the user or retained as a numerical identifier . heart rate limits or a target heart rate zone may be selected by the user for the selected profile in step 86 . a phase in the selected profile is then selected in step 90 , and the selected phase identifier is displayed in step 92 . like the profile identifier , the phase identifier may optionally be modified by the user or retained as a numerical identifier . the user may then choose to turn the selected phase on or off in step 94 . as described above with respect to the profile , the user may set heart rate limits or a target heart rate zone for the selected phase in step 97 . if the user chooses to turn the selected phase off , the user may then select the same or another profile by returning to step 82 via step 96 . if the selected phase is determined to be turned on in step 96 , the user will then select an interval period within the selected phase in step 98 , and the selected interval period identifier will be displayed in step 100 . as described above , the user may modify the interval period identifier or choose to retain a numerical identification of the selected interval period . the user can then choose to turn the selected interval on or off in step 102 , and if it is determined that the selected interval period is on in step 104 , the type of interval period may be selected in step 106 . as with the selected profile and selected phase , the user may select heart rate limits or a target heart rate zone for the selected interval period in step 108 . if the user has chosen to turn the selected interval off in step 102 , the user may then select the same or another phase in step 90 via step 104 . the interval period types include manual , time - rate - based , and heart - rate - based . the manual interval period terminates in response to the user selecting a button on the heart rate monitor . the time - rate - based interval period terminates after a specified duration of time , and the heart - rate - based interval period terminates when a specified terminal heart rate has been achieved . if the user selects a time - based interval period in step 108 of fig6 b , the user will then select the minutes in step 110 and the seconds in step 112 , which determine the duration of the selected interval period . if the user selects a heart - rate - based interval period in step 114 , the user will select a terminal heart rate in step 116 , which will terminate the selected interval period . the method then proceeds to step 90 to select the same or another phase . following the determination that the selected phase is turned on in step 96 of fig6 a , the user may select a recovery period within the selected profile and phase in step 118 of fig6 b . the selected recovery period identifier is then displayed in step 120 , and the user may choose to turn the selected recovery period on or off in step 122 . as with the profile , phase , and interval period , the recovery period identifier may be modified by the user or retained as a numerical identifier . if the selected recovery period has been determined to be on in step 124 , the user will select the recovery period type in step 126 . the user may select heart rate limits or a target heart rate zone for the selected recovery period as a means of implementing a biofeedback approach to induce relaxation between interval periods in step 128 . the recovery period may be time - based or heart - rate - based . the time - based recovery period terminates following a selected time period and the heart - rate - based recovery period terminates in response to a terminal heart rate being achieved . if the user selects a time - based recovery period in step 130 , the user will then select the minutes in step 132 and the seconds in step 134 after which the selected recovery period will terminate . if the user selects a heart - rate - based recovery period in step 136 , the user will then select a terminal heart rate in step 138 . the method will then return to select the same or another phase in step 90 . [ 0055 ] fig7 a and 7b are a flowchart showing details of the function of reviewing heart rate information stored during a plurality of exercise profiles as shown in step 74 in fig5 . the user selects each of the plurality of profiles in step 140 , and the selected profile identifier is displayed in step 142 . the selected profile information , such as the start time , duration , target heart rate zone , average heart rate , maximum heart rate , and minimum heart rate is displayed in step 144 . the user then selects the phase within the selected profile in step 146 , and the phase identifier is displayed in step 148 . information concerning the selected phase , such as the start time , duration , target heart rate zone , average heart rate , maximum heart rate , and minimum heart rate is displayed in step 150 . the interval period in the selected phase and selected profile is then selected in step 152 , and the selected interval period identifier is displayed in step 154 . information concerning the selected interval period , such as the start time , duration , target heart rate zone , average heart rate , maximum heart rate , and minimum heart rate is displayed in step 156 . if the user would like to select the same or another interval period in step 158 , the method returns to step 152 , and if the user would like to select the same or another phase in step 160 , the method returns to step 146 . if the user would like to select the same or another profile in step 162 of fig7 b , the algorithm returns to step 140 . if none of these conditions are true , the algorithm continues with selecting a recovery period within the selected phase and selected profile in step 164 . the recovery period identifier is displayed in step 166 . information concerning the selected recovery period is displayed in step 168 , such as the start time , duration , target heart rate zone , average heart rate , maximum heart rate , minimum heart rate , drop in heart rate , and the time to attain the pre - set heart rate limit in heart - rate - based recovery periods . if the user would like to select the same or another recovery period in step 170 , the method returns to step 164 , and if the user would like to select the same or another phase in step 172 the method returns to step 146 . finally , if the user would like to select the same or another profile in step 174 , the method returns to step 140 , and if none of the above are true , the method returns to select another interval period in step 152 . the invention thus provides an ambulatory heart monitor and method having multiple exercise profiles that may be used to monitor the user &# 39 ; s heart rate during different exercise routines and activities without the necessity of reprogramming the monitor with different exercise profiles each time the user performs a different activity or exercise routine . the subject invention further provides a heart rate monitor and method that are capable of inputting a plurality of pre - programmed exercise profiles , which substantially simplify the process of programming the monitor and reduce the amount of time required by the user to initialize the monitor prior to its use . in addition , the subject invention provides a heart monitor and method that are able to record the heart rate information of a user during multiple exercise routines for subsequent , downloading , processing , and analysis by a computer and is able to perform bidirectional communication with a computer via wired and wireless means , such as infrared and telemetric links . although the illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings , it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those precise embodiments and that various other changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention .
a heart rate monitor and methods for monitoring a user &# 39 ; s heart rate , which enable the monitor to be used under different sets of exercise and physiological parameters or profiles without reprogramming between different profiles . the exercise parameters include an exercise type , a day of the week , a time , a user &# 39 ; s name , a level of difficulty , and physiological parameters of the user including height , weight , age , and level of fitness . a sensor detects the user &# 39 ; s heartbeat , and an input device enables the user to enter information to be associated with each of a plurality of exercise profiles . a memory device stores the profiles , and an indicating device provides a sensory indication of when the user is outside a target heart rate zone . the profiles may be uploaded from a computer and information obtained during the profiles may be downloaded for additional review , analysis , and processing .