the remainder of the description employs the term “ thread ” and “ button ” but without this being restrictive . these terms may be more generally referred to as “ linking element ” and “ support element ”. as shown in fig2 , the surgical retraction device comprises two main components , a linking element consisting preferably of a thread 2 and a support element consisting preferably of a button 1 . thread 2 is preferably teflon ® ( polytetrafluoroethylene )- treated polyester braid that will limit the 5 frictional forces . button 1 is manufactured preferably from silicone . button 1 comprises a first face a and the second face b . characteristically , button 1 has at least three through holes 6 , 7 , 8 allowing the passage of thread 2 . according to another embodiment , button 1 has more than three holes . thread 2 passes advantageously through the different holes 6 , 7 , 8 of button 1 so as to form a first knot 18 on first face a of the button and a second knot 19 on the second face b of button 1 . this ensures that thread 2 is joined to button 1 . in a preferred arrangement , thread 2 is equipped with a needle 3 at one of its ends . this needle pierces the abdominal wall ; the thread is then secured outside the body of the patient and the biological and / or synthetic tissues can be retracted using the surgical device according to the invention . on the other end , equipped with needle 3 ( needled end 4 ), thread 2 has a free end 5 . other embodiments may be envisaged . in particular , instead of using a thread 2 equipped with a needle 3 , electromagnetic means placed on both button 1 and on a complementary element may be proposed . button 1 and the additional element are arranged on either side of the biological and / or synthetic tissue to be retracted . button 1 is preferably placed on the inner face of the tissue to be retracted so that a practitioner may retract the tissue by applying tension to the thread . therefore , fastening means may also be provided , such as miniature forceps . in an advantageous arrangement , the three holes 6 , 7 , 8 are aligned . button 1 may be circular as shown on all the figures . in this case , the three holes 6 , 7 , 8 are aligned preferably across a diameter of button 1 . according to another possibility not shown , button 1 is elongated in an ovoid shape to allow better use during operations involving small diameter trocars . according to this arrangement , the three holes 6 , 7 , 8 are aligned preferably on the longitudinal axis of button 1 . this alignment of the three holes 6 , 7 , 8 allows advantageous execution of first knot 18 and second knot 19 roughly in the centre of button 1 , thereby centring thread 2 , and in particular its needled end 4 to enable correct application of button 1 on the biological and / or synthetic tissue to be retracted . the three aligned holes 6 , 7 , 8 consist preferably of central hole 8 and two peripheral holes 6 , 7 . in an advantageous arrangement , central hole 8 is situated in the centre of button 1 . by “ centre ” is meant the centre of a circular button 1 or , if its shape is different , the centre of gravity of button 1 . according to a preferred embodiment , the three holes 6 , 7 , 8 are arranged symmetrically across the diameter of button 1 or on its longitudinal axis . the applicant has observed that the embodiment in which the two peripheral holes 6 , 7 are equidistant from central hole 8 allows satisfactory equilibrium of button 1 when used as the support element . indeed , this arrangement enables balanced positioning of first knot 18 and second knot 19 . first knot 18 is situated on first face a of button 1 and can be made first during the process of fabricating the surgical device according to the invention . first knot 18 is preferably a simple knot . it is made so that it is centred relative to button 1 ; that is to say , according to certain embodiments , it is positioned roughly at the level of central hole 8 . fig9 and 11 show stages in making first knot 18 . first of all , thread 2 passes through peripheral holes 6 , 7 to form a bridge 9 on the second face of button 1 . to do this , needled end 4 of thread 2 is preferably inserted through first peripheral hole 6 on first face a in the direction of second face b . then , threaded end 4 of thread 2 is passed through second peripheral hole 7 of second face b towards first face a . two ends 4 and 5 of thread 2 are found at first face a of button 1 . these two ends are brought together so as to execute a simple knot . preferably , needled end 4 is wrapped around free end 5 of thread 2 so as to form a loop 20 through which needled end 4 is inserted and exits loop 20 . first knot 18 is tightened by pulling equally on the two ends 4 , 5 of thread 2 . in a preferred arrangement , knot 18 is positioned at central hole 8 . the role of this first knot is to join thread 2 to button 1 . it also makes it possible to centre thread 2 at central hole 8 so that a second knot can be created at second face b of button 1 the arrangement of first knot 18 through two peripheral holes 6 , 7 also distributes the strain over the entire surface of button 1 . as can be seen in fig6 , once first knot 18 has been executed on first face a of button 1 , needled end 4 of thread 2 is inserted through central hole 8 of first face a towards second face b . at second face b , needled end 4 will pass successively over bridge 9 then under bridge 9 in order to execute a 360 ° turn around bridge 9 . second knot 19 enables thread 2 to be blocked on button 1 . in fact , during manufacture followed by use , tension is applied to thread 2 through its needled end 4 so as to retighten the first knot and bring bridge 9 closer to the surface of second face b of button 1 so as to press on and block length of thread 22 that is positioned under bridge 9 . second knot 19 also acts to centre thread 2 . in fact , thread 2 exits from central hole 8 of second face b in a central position , second knot 19 holding thread 2 in this central position . this central position of thread 2 relative to button 1 allows button 1 to be correctly positioned when used on biological and / or synthetic tissue . from a structural standpoint , the first knot consists of a simple knot and includes : a length of thread 11 passing through first peripheral hole 6 of first face a towards second face b , a length of thread 12 forming a bridge 9 on second face b between first peripheral hole 6 and second peripheral hole 7 , a portion of thread 13 passing through second peripheral hole 7 of second face b towards first face a , a length of thread 14 passing around loose end 5 of thread 2 . this length of thread 14 can be distinguished from a length of thread 23 by passing over free end 5 of thread 2 forming a loop 20 through which passes needled end 4 : this is the length of thread 15 positioned under free end 5 . second knot 19 consists of a length of thread 16 passing through central hole 8 of first face a towards second face b and a length of thread 17 passing around the length of thread 12 forming bridge 9 . this length of thread 17 consists of a length of thread 21 situated on the length of thread 12 and a length of thread 22 situated under the length of thread 12 . the surgical fixing device according to the invention may be used in particular for small invasive operations when the surgeon has to operate on a difficult - to - access zone and has to maintain organs retracted from the operation zone . according to a first application , the device enables a thread to be held against biological tissue so as to retract it . the surgeon passes the needle through synthetic tissue such as netting and then through the abdominal wall so as to retract the biological tissue . button 1 enables the formation of a support zone at the level of the biological and / or synthetic tissue and thread 2 allows tension to be applied in order to maintain the tissue retracted . according to a variant , the surgeon may use the device according to the invention without any additional element , and to do so will pass needle 3 through biological tissue on which button 1 presses , thereby applying traction to the biological tissue to be retracted by thread 2 . the device according to the invention , especially first knot 18 and second knot 19 , enables joint use of thread 2 and button 1 even if thread 2 should break at one of its ends , since it allows the surgeon to recover button 1 - thread 2 assembly simultaneously , without any risk of losing the components of the device inside the patient . the device according to the invention may be radiologically opaque or not , and may be in a material that can be reabsorbed or not . as an example , a circular type button 1 may be around 9 mm across and 3 mm thick . when the button is elongated , button 1 is around 15 mm long . in a preferred embodiment , the holes have a diameter of around 1 . 5 mm . according to an embodiment in which holes 6 , 7 , 8 are aligned and equidistant , the distance between each hole is around 1 . 13 mm . the distance will be preferably the same between holes 6 and 7 and the outer edge of button 1 . in a preferred arrangement , thread 2 between second knot 19 and its needled end is between 9 and 10 cm long . needle 3 is preferably 50 mm long . 11 . length of thread passing through 1 st peripheral hole 12 . length of thread forming a bridge on the second face between 1 st and 2 nd peripheral hole 13 . length of thread passing through 2 nd peripheral hole 16 . length of thread passing through the central hole towards the second face 20 . loop formed by lengths of thread 11 - 13 and face a
a surgical retracting device includes a linking element and support element , characterized in that the linking element is a thread and in that support element includes a first and second face and at least three holes in which the thread passes through , the support element and thread being connected by a first knot on the first face and by a second knot on the second face . a process for manufacturing the aforementioned device is also described . the device is useful in surgical operations for retaining or retracting biological or synthetic tissue , in particular during mini - invasive operations .