referring now to the drawings in detail and particularly to fig1 there is shown a biopsy forceps assembly 10 , having a distal end 12 , comprising a jaw assembly 14 , and a proximal end 16 comprising a handle 17 , spool 19 and thumb ring 21 for manipulation of the assembly . the jaw assembly 14 comprises a pair of jaws 18 , each of which is a duplicate of the other . each jaw 18 as may be seen in fig2 and 3 , is a generally elongated somewhat hemispherically shaped structure having a distalmost end and a proximalmost end . each jaw 18 has on its distalmost end , an array of teeth 20 generally radially directed about a point &# 34 ; r &# 34 ;, as exemplified in fig3 . each jaw 18 has a generally longitudinal centerline as may be seen in fig3 and 5 . the teeth 20 on one side of the longitudinal centerline of each jaw 18 are displaced by one half pitch from the corresponding teeth 20 on the other side of the longitudinal centerline on that jaw 18 . the displacement by one half pitch by the teeth on one side of the jaw 18 is relative to those corresponding teeth 20 on the other longitudinal side of the jaw 18 permits the same casting to be used for both the upper and lower jaws of the jaw assembly 14 . the radial arrangement of the teeth 20 as best seen in fig3 and 5 require each jaw 18 when they close onto one another to automatically mate and effectuate proper alignment therebetween . the self - alignment permits each jaw 18 to be manufactured by an investment casting technique which is inheritantly less expensive than the typical prior art jaws which are machined and where the distalmost teeth are either non - existant or they are transverse to the longitudinal centerline the jaws , which jaws inheritantly fail to have any positive cutting edge at their distalmost ends . the casting of each jaw 18 also permits a looser tolerance therebetween which is characteristic of the casting manufacturing technique without any loss in effectiveness of those jaws . each jaw 18 has a proximalmost end which comprises a tang 24 . each tang 24 has a generally semicircular recess position 26 on its outer side thereof . the recessed portion 26 may be seen most clearly in fig3 and 5 , and then a side view in fig2 and 6 . a bore 30 extends transversely through the midpoint between the distal and proximalmost ends of each jaw 18 . each jaw 18 is mated with one another and so as to each be levered about a clevis pin 28 which extends through the bore 30 on each respective jaw 18 . each jaw 18 has an annular boss 33 disposed about the outer face of its bore 30 , as shown in fig3 and 5 . the boss 33 acts as a bearing surface to reduce the typical friction found on prior art forceps . the clevis pin 28 is received in a hole 32 in clevis 34 as shown in fig3 and 5 . the clevis 34 extends proximally , as shown in fig2 - 6 , into a hub 40 . the clevis 34 , the hub 40 and clevis pin 28 are made from a common casting . the clevis pin 28 unitarily extending from one of the sidearms 29 of the clevis 34 . a main tubular coil 50 shown in fig2 at its distal end thereof , has a portion of it periphery ground flat , as at 52 . the flattened distal periphery of the main coil 50 permits a more solid anchoring between the inside of the clevis hub 40 and the distal end of the main coil 50 when the two are crimped together , obviating the need for adhesives , soldering or welding . in the preferred embodiment of the invention , the main coil 50 is a comprised of a stainless steel rod of approximately 0 . 021 inch diameter which is tightly wound and preloaded into a main coil having an outer diameter of approximately 0 . 08 inches and a length of approximately seven feet . as seen in fig2 - 6 , the distal end of the main coil 50 as well as a portion of the clevis hub 40 are covered by a stiffening mechanism 300 . the preferred stiffening mechanism 300 is a teflon fep shrink wrap tube which is approximately eight inches in length ( although other lengths can be utilized ). the relative lengths of the coil 50 and stiffening coating 300 are seen in fig8 . the shrink wrap tubing typically has a diameter of approximately 0 . 085 inches and a typical wall thickness of about 0 . 005 inches . when heated to approximately three hundred eighty degrees fahrenheit , the shrink wrap tubing shrinks over the coil and clevis hub and desirably stiffens the distal end of the coil 50 relative to the uncovered main part of the coil . although the distal end of the main coil is stiffer than would be otherwise , damage to the endoscope through which the biopsy forceps device is inserted is avoided , as the shrink wrap is lubricious and smooth . if desired , in order to obtain a stiffer distal end , instead of covering the main coil 50 with the teflon shrink tube stiffening mechanism 300 , a stiffer stainless steel material 50a may be spliced at 50c to a less stiff stainless material 50b , all as seen in fig9 such that the distal end of the coil is stiffer than the main portion of the coil 50 . while a spliced coil provides the desired stiffness , it is not preferred , as it does not provide additional lubricity and smoothness to offset the disadvantages which accompany the stiffness . a polyethylene sheath 54 extends from the distal end of the main coil 50 therethrough into the central shaft 56 of the handle 17 as shown in fig2 and 7 . this sheath 54 acts as a bearing between a pair of pull wires 60 and the lumen of the main coil 50 . the distalmost end of each pull wire 60 has a z - bend therein . the z - bend of each pull wire 60 has a first portion 62 which is rotatably disposed in the recess 26 in the tang 24 of each cutter jaw 18 . the z - bend has a second portion 64 which extends through a bore 66 in the proximalmost end of the tang 24 , as best shown in fig3 and 5 . a ninety degree bend 68 between the second portion 64 and the main pull wire 60 eliminates the pinching common to prior art loop design wires . each pull wire 60 has a reflex curve 70 as shown in fig2 as well as in fig6 and 7 , extending between their distalmost ends and the distalmost end of the main coil 50 . the reflex curve 70 helps to open the cutter jaws 18 when the spool 19 on the handle 17 is displaced distally thereto . fig2 and 6 show the distal end of the biopsy forceps assembly 10 with a flat needle 80 disposed between the two cutter jaws 18 . the needle 80 has a pointed distalmost end 82 that terminates just within the cutter jaws 18 when closed , and has tail 84 comprising its proximalmost end which extends within the distalmost end of the main coil 50 . the needle 80 has a central opening through which the clevis pin 28 may extend as shown in fig3 and 5 . the needle 80 is flat , and as such may be disposed between the two tangs 24 of each cutter jaw 18 as shown in fig5 . in cutter jaw assembly 14 without the needle therein , a washer 90 is disposed between the two cutter jaws 18 on the clevis pin 28 . the proximal end of the main coil 50 and the proximal end of the pull wires 60 extend into handle 17 at the proximal end 16 of the biopsy forceps assembly 10 . the handle 17 comprises a central shaft about which a displaceable spool 19 is disposed . the central shaft has a longitudinally directed stepped diameter bore 92 extending therein , as shown in fig1 and 7 . the proximal end of the main coil 50 extends into the bore 92 on the proximal end of the central shaft . the bore 92 extending into the central shaft has a three stepped configuration . the bore 92 on the distalmost end of the central shaft has a large first diameter 94 as shown in fig7 which steps to a smaller second diameter 96 which subsequently steps down to a smaller yet third diameter bore 98 . a locking coil 100 is disposed against the first largest diameter bore 94 in the central shaft . the main coil 50 has an outer diameter slightly larger than the inner diameter of the locking coil 100 and is threadedly received therethrough . the main coil 50 thus extends to and abuts the handle 17 adjacent the second stepped bore 96 of the bore 92 in the central shaft . the pull wires 60 disposed through the inner lumen of the main coil extend therethrough and into the smallest portion 98 of the bore 92 in the central shaft . a strain relief sheath 102 is disposed distally to the locking coil about the main coil 50 within the largest bore 94 in the central shaft . the strain relief sheath 102 extends slightly distally of the distalmost end of the central shaft , and is bonded to the inner walls of the largest bore 94 by a solvent which is directed thereto through a hole 104 , as shown in fig7 . the strain relief sheath 102 limits twist and movement of the main coil 50 with the bore 94 while preventing a sharp bend of the coil 50 at the distal end of the handle 17 . the proximalmost end of the pull wires 60 extend through the proximal end of the main coil 50 as aforementioned and through and anti - kinking tube 109 , and are locked into a cross pin 110 , as shown in fig1 which cross pin 110 mates with a slot 112 disposed across the central shaft of the handle 17 . the slot 112 is in communication with the axial bore 92 in the central shaft . the proximalmost end of the pull wires 60 are locked into the cross pin 110 by a set screw 114 as shown in fig1 . the ends of the cross pins 110 mate with a slot 116 in the spool so as to lock the cross pin 110 therewith . movement of the spool 19 which is disposed about the central shaft thereby effectuates movement of the puller wires 60 disposed within the main coil 50 , the distal ends of which are attached to the tangs 24 on the cutter jaws 8 as shown in fig1 and 2 . the aforedescribed biopsy forceps assembly are made in a very cost effective manner . the cutter jaws and clevis of the biopsy forceps are made of a cast material which permits of a far less expensive manufacture because of its simplicity . in fact , the casting allows for a single jaw design having self - aligning radially directed distal jaw teeth which are extremely effective in cutting and are easily assembled . the pull wire arrangement with each particular jaw eliminates the prior art multiple linkages which have frictional problems and potential for breakage therewith . the spool design for the grasping of the pull wires in regard to the handle therewithin facilitates a one - handed operation thus permitting the physician use of his other hand for other purposes . there have been described and illustrated herein biopsy forceps devices . while particular embodiments of the invention have been described , it is not intended that the invention be limited exactly thereto , as it is intended that the invention be as broad in scope as the art will allow . thus , while exact dimensions and specifics regarding the stainless steel coil and the shrink wrap tubing were provided , it will be appreciated that other stainless steel and shrink wrap tubing having different dimensions and particulars may be utilized . all that is required to practice the invention is to provide a biopsy forceps device where the distal end of the flexible main coil is stiffer than the main portion ( i . e ., the majority ) of the main coil . also , while two manners of stiffening the distal end of the main coil was described ( shrink wrap tubing , and splicing a different material to the coil ), it will be appreciated that other stiffening mechanisms could be utilized , such as , by way of example and not by way of limitation , treating the distal end of the coil chemically . therefore , it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other changes and modifications may be made to the invention as described in the specification without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed .
a biological forceps device is disclosed for the taking of tissue samples from a body . the biopsy forceps device comprises a flexible main coil having a distal end which is stiffer than the majority of the coil , a pair of opposed jaws hingedly disposed on the distal end of the coil , and an actuator having a distal end coupled to the hingedly disposed jaws for effecting articulation of the jaws . preferably , shrink wrap tubing is placed on the distal end of the coil and acts as the stiffening agent thereof . a stiffer distal end permits the practitioner to press the jaws deeper into the tissue and reduces the jump experienced at the distal end when the coils go from a state of tension to a state of compression , so that a better sample can be obtained .