referring to fig1 a - 1b , in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention , an isometric view of a dynamic external fixator generally denoted as 100 is shown mounted on a foot 101 by pins . dynamic external fixator 100 includes a u - shaped ring element 102 having a plurality of mounting holes 103 with at least one adjustable device 104 , and preferably two , releasably attached to a pair of mounting holes 103 . adjustable device 104 includes a body 106 releasably attached to arms 108 , 108 ′ of ring element 102 . the adjustable device further includes a first member 110 slidably mounted on body 106 capable of providing movement in a direction perpendicular to a proximal surface 109 of arm 108 , 108 ′ of ring element 102 . further , a second member 112 pivotally mounts on first member 110 for providing angular movement ( i . e ., rotation ) with respect to first member 110 . further still , a third member 114 mounts on second member 112 providing linear movement along arms 108 , 108 ′. preferably one or more wire engagement elements 116 attach first or second k - wires 118 that pass through a fractured bone respectively . the wire engagement elements are mounted to third member 114 and / or to ring 102 directly . for example , as shown , first k - wire 118 attaches to a standard bone engagement element 116 . further , a second k - wire 120 can attach directly to ring element 102 . for example , as shown , second k - wire 120 attaches to ring element 102 by being clamped in a standard ring engagement element 122 mounted in a hole 103 . preferably first and second k - wires 118 , 120 are substantially smooth pins with a drill tip . in some instances , however , first and second k - wires 118 , 120 may not include a drill tip . further , first and second k - wires 118 , 120 can be made of any suitable material , such as , but not limited to , stainless steel , titanium , and titanium alloy . further , first and second k - wires 118 , 120 can connect to bone engagement element 116 and ring engagement element 122 by being inserted through a hole ( not shown ) in bone engagement element 116 or ring engagement element 122 and applying a force on first or second k - wires 118 , 120 by , for example , a set screw ( not shown ). alternatively , bone engagement element 116 or ring engagement element 122 can be a wire / rod nut . any reasonable method for attaching first and second k - wires 118 , 120 to bone engagement element 116 or ring engagement element 122 can be used . ring element 102 can be a substantially monolithic material designed to releasably attach to at least one adjustable device 104 . ring element 102 can be made of metal ( e . g ., stainless steel , titanium , etc . ), composites ( e . g ., carbon peek , etc . ), or any other material deemed suitable . further , although described as a u - shaped ring , ring element 102 can include any shape that allows at least one adjustable device to be releasably connected to it . for example , ring element 102 can be a circle shape , horseshoe shape , square shape , rectangle shape , or any other shape deemed suitable . ring element 102 preferably is planer creating a relatively flat surface on ring element 102 . this flat surface is used to provide a flat surface to releasably attach ring element 102 with adjustable device 104 . such a ring can have four levels as shown in u . s . patent application ser . no . 12 / 157 , 612 filed jun . 11 , 2008 , the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference . referring to fig2 a , adjustable device 104 is shown in greater detail . adjustable device 104 has a body 106 with a pair of expandable connectors 202 a that releasably connect adjustable device 104 to holes 103 of ring element 102 . attached to body 106 is first member 110 which slidably mounts on body 106 . while mounted on body 106 , when fixed on ring 102 , first member 110 can move up and down with respect to top planar surface 206 of body 106 . that is , first member 110 can move in a direction perpendicular to upper surface 206 of body 106 and the plane of the ring 102 . this is accomplished by the rotating threaded pin 308 as will be described below . further , because , in the preferred embodiment , surface 206 of body 106 is parallel to the plane of ring element 102 ( see , fig1 a - 1b ) first member 110 moves in a direction perpendicular to the plane of ring element 102 . referring to fig2 b an exemplary ring element connector is displayed . as shown , preferred connector 202 a includes a lower outer portion 215 located under body 106 split into two sections 214 , 216 and an inner portion 217 with a pair of drive heads 208 , 209 located above body 106 for engaging a drive tool . further , inner portion 217 has a threaded shaft 212 coupled to drive heads 208 , 209 and extends between the two halves 214 , 216 . threaded shaft 212 includes tapered nut 218 which when moved toward body 106 caused sections 214 and 216 to expand . after connector 202 a is placed through body 106 and into hole 103 in the ring element 102 , nut 218 is threaded on the bottom of threaded shaft 212 . as drives 208 , 209 are rotated nut 218 causes the two halves 214 , 216 to expand thereby securing the adjustable device to the ring element . although described as two halves the split portion can include any number of sections ( e . g ., three or four sections ). referring to fig2 c there is shown an alternative ring element connector 202 b . as shown , ring connector 202 b can include a shaft 219 with a screw thread portion 222 and a drive head 221 . the threaded shaft portion 222 is inserted through the bore in body 106 until drive head 221 comes into contact with upper surface body 106 . threaded shaft portion 222 is further inserted through an opening 103 in ring element 102 and threaded into a nut 224 . as threaded shaft portion 222 is threaded into nut 224 adjustable device 104 is secured onto ring element 102 . further , any method of releasably securing adjustable device 104 to the ring element can be used . for example , the adjustable device can be releasably attached to the ring element by a screw and nut , a bolt assembly , or any other securing method deemed suitable . referring to fig3 a , a rear view of two parts of the preferred adjusting device 104 is shown . the two parts are members 110 and 106 . first member 110 has a first portion 113 and a central portion 306 which can move in a direction perpendicular to the plane of ring element 102 by rotating a screw shaft 302 via drive head 308 . screw shaft 302 is placed through a hole 115 in body 106 and is threaded into a second threaded hole 117 located in central flange 306 extending rearwardly from first portion 113 of first member 110 . shaft 302 has an end 338 with a pin 340 to ensure the assembly does not come apart during use . in use , a user rotates a drive head 308 causing screw 302 to thread into the second hole thereby moving first member 110 up and down with respect to body 106 ( i . e ., perpendicular to planar surface 206 of body 106 and perpendicular to the plane of ring element 102 ). alternatively , although screw shaft 302 is described as threaded into a second hole in member 110 , screw 302 may thread into a threaded hole in body 106 and fixed in part 306 . it will be understood that any method of making first member 110 move up and down with respect to body 106 can be used . further , increasing the number of threads on screw shaft 302 increases the number of rotations needed to move first member 110 up and down . thus , increasing the number of threads increases the precision of up and down movement . in some embodiments , flange 306 extending from first member 110 is designed to ride along a protruding track 310 extending from body 106 . riding on track 310 reduces the amount of movement in an undesired direction . further , any method of mating first member 110 with body 106 designed to decrease movement in an undesired direction can be used . for example , first member 110 and body 106 can include any male - female mating features ( e . g ., tongue and groove or dovetail ) for providing guided movement up and down . referring to fig2 a , 4 and 6a , second member 112 is rotably mounted on first member 110 . while mounted on first member 110 , second member 112 can rotate through a range of angles with respect to first member 110 . that is , second member 112 is pivotally mounted by guide tracks 612 on first member 110 and can rotate with respect to first member 110 . for example , in the preferred embodiment , second member 112 can pivot up to 120 degrees around its center on guide 614 mounted on first member 110 as shown in fig6 a . that is , second member 112 can , for example , rotate 60 degrees from parallel in an upward direction and 60 degrees in a downward direction with respect to surface 306 . referring to fig3 b in the preferred embodiment , second member 112 rotates through a range of angles by the interaction of a worm 312 ( i . e ., a gear in the form of a screw ) with an arcuate worm gear 314 mounted on second member 112 on the outer surface of the portion thereof forming track 612 ( i . e ., a worm wheel ). for example , worm 312 can thread into worm gear 314 causing second member 112 to rotate relative to first member 110 . in use , a user rotates drive head 316 of worm 312 causing worm 312 to rotate while engaged with worm gear 314 . because first member 110 is attached to body 106 that is fixed to ring element 102 , rotating worm 312 while engaged with worm gear 314 causes second member 112 to rotate upwardly or downwardly with respect to the plane of ring 102 . although described as a worm gear and worm any reasonable method can be used to change the angle of second member 112 with respect to first member 110 . for example , the angle can be changed by spur gears , helical gears , double helical gears , bevel gears , crown gears , or any other gearing deemed suitable . further increasing the number of threads ( i . e ., increasing the number of threads on the worm gear and worm ) increases the number of rotations of user interface 316 required to move through a given angle . thus , increasing the number of threads provides a greater level of precision during rotation . referring to fig2 a and 6a , as shown , third member 114 is mounted on second member 112 . while mounted on second member 112 , third member 114 can move linearly with respect to second member 112 . that is , third member 114 can linearly move along arms 108 , 108 ′ of the ring element in a direction parallel to the plane of ring 102 in an anterior - posterior direction . referring to fig3 c in the preferred embodiments , third member 114 includes a dovetail protrusion 322 ( i . e ., guide element ) that mates with a groove 324 extending along second member 112 . protrusions 322 mates with groove 322 thereby providing a guide for the linear motion . for example , in the preferred embodiment , a male dovetail protrusion 322 extending from third member 114 can mate with a female dovetail 324 located on second member 112 thereby providing a linear guide between second member 112 and third member 114 . any form of male and female guide elements can be used to provide a linear guide between third member 114 and second member 112 . referring to fig3 c and 3d , in the preferred embodiment , second member 112 includes a bore 326 for receiving an end 327 of a threaded rod 328 . further , third member 114 can translate on threaded rod 328 as it is rotated via drive head 331 or 332 . translation is possible because third member 114 includes a threaded bore 330 for receiving threaded rod 328 . thus , rotating threaded rod 328 translates third member 114 along the axis of threaded rod 328 . in use , a user rotates drive head 331 or 332 causing threaded rod 328 to rotate in bore 330 of third member 114 thereby causing third member 114 to move linearly along arm 108 , 108 ′ of ring element 102 . alternately , any reasonable method for moving third member 114 linearly can be used . further , increasing the number of threads / grooves on third member 114 and the number of threads / grooves on rod 328 increases the amount of precision in linearly moving third member 114 . in the preferred embodiment , one rotation moves member 114 about one millimeter . referring to fig4 , the adjustable device having the first , second , and third member in a first position is illustratively depicted . as shown , first member 110 has not moved perpendicular to planar surface 206 of body 106 . further , second member 112 has not been rotated with respect to first member 110 . lastly , third member 114 is depicted in a first position . referring to fig5 , the relative displacement of each of the first , second , and third members is illustratively depicted as compared to fig4 . as shown , first member 110 has been displaced perpendicularly to planar surface 206 of body 106 . further , second member 112 , has rotated with respect to first member 110 . lastly , third member 114 is depicted in a second position where it has moved linearly with respect to second member 112 . referring to fig6 a and 6b , there is shown an exploded view of adjustable device 104 of the preferred embodiment illustratively depicts the internal contact surfaces for each of body 106 , first member 110 , and second member 112 . as shown , body 108 includes internal planar surface 602 which contacts internal planar surface 604 of first member 110 . these planar surfaces provide a guide surface as first member 110 is displaced in a direction perpendicular to the plane of ring 102 . preferably , internal planar surfaces 602 , 604 are substantially smooth surfaces permitting low friction sliding movement . alternatively , in other instances , internal planar surfaces 602 , 604 can include male and female protrusions ( not shown ) for allowing movement only perpendicular to planar surface 206 of body 106 . further , as shown , internal planar surface 606 of first member 110 contacts an internal planar surface 608 of second member 112 . thus , during rotation these guide surfaces minimize motion in an undesired direction . further , the angular motion of second member 112 is guided by track 612 which is in the form of an arcuate guide surface that rides on an arcuate guide element 614 which is attached to a planar surface 616 located on first member 110 . further , track 612 provides a center of rotation centrally located on first member 110 . disc 614 attaches to planar surface 616 by , for example , screws 618 threaded into holes 620 located in first member 110 . because track 612 rides on disc 614 motion in any direction other than the desired angular rotation direction is minimized . gear teeth 315 are provided on the outer surfaces of track 612 which are driven by worm 312 . a lock element 350 may be provided to lock second member 112 in the desired angular position . further , third member 114 includes a male dovetail protrusion 610 that mates with a female guide surface 609 acting as a guiding surface when third member 114 moves linearly . each of the above described surfaces increase the control of the adjustable device by minimizing motion other than in the desired directions . referring to fig7 a - 7b , in some embodiments , adjustable device 104 can move only in the anterior - posterior and inferior - posterior directions . as shown , an alternate adjustable device 700 can include a body 702 attached to a ring element 704 . further mounted on body 702 is a first member 706 providing movement perpendicular to body 702 by rotation of screw 714 and a second member 708 mounted on first member 706 providing linear movement along arms 710 of ring element 704 by rotation of screw 712 . in this embodiment there is no rotational movement between member 706 and 702 . as shown , unlike the preferred adjustable device capable of motion in three directions , the adjustable device of fig7 a and 7b is only capable of movement in two directions . as depicted , first member 706 mounted on body 702 provides movement perpendicular to body 702 . further , second member 708 mounted on first member 706 provides motion parallel to the plane of the ring . further , in some embodiments , a scale can be located on at least one of first member 110 and second member 112 . this scale can be used to determine the length of angular or linear displacement by the member . further , a scale can be located on any of the body , first member , second member , or third member for respectively determining the amount of linear , angular , or circumferential movement of each of the members . referring to fig8 a - 9 , there is shown an alternate adjustable device as shown in fig8 a and 8b . the device generally denoted as 700 includes a body 702 , first member 706 and second member 708 but does not provide rotational movement between member 706 and 702 as in adjustable device 104 ( fig5 ). movement parallel to the ring is accomplished by turning screw shaft 712 to move element 708 and movement perpendicular to the ring is accomplished by turning screw shaft 714 and moving element 706 in relation to body 702 . pin holder can be located in one or both of holes 718 . fig9 shows an exploded view of the alternate adjustable device 700 including body 702 and element 708 slidably mounted in a groove 716 in member 706 via a dovetail extension 728 and sliding element 708 . again , screw 712 is rotated in a threaded bore 720 of element 708 to cause the movement of element 708 parallel to the ring arm 710 . element 706 and body 702 includes contacting surfaces 722 and 724 respectively . these surfaces contact when the element 706 is moved in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the ring by turning screw 714 in threaded bore 725 . this movement may be guide by tongue and groove interconnection as in device 104 . referring to fig1 and 11 , there is shown a top view of an alternate system in which the adjustable device 700 is mounted on the inner surface 730 of ring 704 . again , kirschner wires 118 and 120 may be engaged with a foot 101 . referring to fig1 though 13 , there is shown as an alternate adjustable device 700 ′ which is similar to adjustable device 700 with the exception that a second pin holder 740 is attached to a block 742 which is slidably mounted within the groove 716 of element 706 . block 742 has a threaded bore which is mounted on screw shaft 712 and is moveable with respect to element 706 . first block 708 a is also provided with a pin holder and is operated as block 708 . this allows the mounting of two kirschner wires on element 706 with both kirschner wires being adjustable along the length of the arm 710 . again , screw shaft 714 allows the block 706 to move in the direction perpendicular to the plane of arm 710 . as shown in fig1 , indicators scales 746 and 748 may be provided to indicate the amount of movement of the kirschner wires in millimeters . although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments , it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention . it is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims .
an external fixation system and method for realigning , compressing or distracting broken bones has a planar ring element with an adjustable device having a body releasably mounted on the ring element . the adjustable device includes a first member for movement in a direction generally perpendicular to the ring element . a second member is mounted on the first member for movement in a direction parallel to the first member and with respect to a circumference of the planar ring element . the method includes inserting a k - wire through a first piece of bone and affixing the k - wire to the ring element . then inserting a second k - wire through a second piece of bone and affixing the k - wire to the adjustable device second member . the pieces of bone are realigned , compressed or distracted by adjusting at least one of a first and second adjustable members forming the device .