in the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments of the invention , reference is made to the accompanying figures of the drawing which form a part hereof , and in which are shown , by way of illustration , specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced . it is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention . the words “ preferred ” and “ preferably ” refer to embodiments of the invention that may afford certain benefits , under certain circumstances . however , other embodiments may also be preferred , under the same or other circumstances . furthermore , the recitation of one or more preferred embodiments does not imply that other embodiments are not useful , and is not intended to exclude other embodiments from the scope of the invention . as used herein , “ a ,” “ an ,” “ the ,” “ at least one ,” and “ one or more ” are used interchangeably . the term “ and / or ” ( if used ) means one or all of the identified elements / features or a combination of any two or more of the identified elements / features . the term “ and / or ” means one or all of the listed elements / features or a combination of any two or more of the listed elements / features . fig1 depicts a perspective and illustrative view of one exemplary finger splint according to the current invention . the finger splint 10 may include a ring element 12 , an extension member 13 , and an attachment element 16 . the ring element 12 may be a solid , continuous cylinder as depicted , which is generally sized to fit over the middle phalanx of a finger . at least in one embodiment , the ring element 12 may be adjustable in length ( along an axis defined by the finger ), diameter , and / or circumference to accommodate different sizes and / or shapes of fingers . further , at least in one embodiment , the ring element 12 may not be continuous , e . g ., the ring element may include a slot or a notch such that the ring element extends less than 360 degrees around the finger . still further , at least in one embodiment , the ring element 12 may not be circular , e . g ., the ring element 12 may be elliptically or otherwise shaped to conform to the shape of a finger . still further , in at least one embodiment , the ring element 12 may not be solid , e . g ., the ring element 12 may be substantially hollow . the extension member 13 in the depicted embodiment is a substantially straight member extending from a proximal end 14 to a distal end 15 . the proximal end 14 of the extension member 13 is attached to the ring element 12 and the extension member 13 extends to the distal end 15 substantially perpendicular to a plane 17 defined by the ring element 12 ( which plane is also substantially perpendicular to a finger axis of a finger on which the ring element is positioned ). in this embodiment , the extension member 13 is integral with the ring element 12 , i . e ., the extension member 13 and the ring element 12 are provided as a one - piece , completely integral article that may be molded or otherwise formed ( e . g ., machined , sintered , etc .) from any suitable material ( e . g ., metal , polymer , ceramic , composites , etc .). the ring element 12 and the extension member 13 may not be integral and may , instead , be separate pieces that may be fixedly and / or adjustably attached to each other . although not shown , separate extension members and ring elements may be attached to each other through an adjustment mechanism so that the distance between the distal end 15 of the extension member 13 and the ring element 12 may be adjusted where , e . g ., the extension member 13 attaches to the ring element 12 . in some embodiments the extension member 13 may not extend from the ring element 12 in a substantially perpendicular direction relative to plane 17 , e . g ., the extension member may extend from the plane at an angle that is not perpendicular to the plane 17 . in other variations , the extension member 13 may include , e . g ., multiple bends or may be continuously curved instead of being substantially straight as depicted in fig1 & amp ; 2 . in still other variations , the extension members of finger splints according to the present invention may be malleable such that the orientation of the extension member with respect to the ring element can be adjusted . the malleability may be provided by , e . g ., constructing the extension member and / or ring element out of materials such as metals , plastics ( potentially thermoplastics that can be heated to increase malleability ), etc . such malleability may also be useful for adjusting the shape of the extension member such that it avoids contact with the finger between the ring element and the fingernail . the attachment element 16 as depicted in fig1 is located near the distal end 15 of the extension member 13 on the side of the extension member facing the interior of the ring element 12 . generally , the attachment element 16 is used to fixedly attach the splint 10 to the fingernail of a finger on which the splint is mounted . the surface 18 of the attachment element 16 may preferably be adhered to the fingernail . in at least one embodiment , the attachment element 16 may include any suitable adhesive material , e . g ., cyanoacrylate , epoxy , acrylic adhesives , etc . it may be preferred that the adhesive be a pressure sensitive adhesive . in the depicted embodiment , the attachment element 16 is attached to the extension member 13 at a fixed , stationary location . the attachment element 16 may , however , be adjustably attached to the extension member 13 , i . e ., the position of the attachment element 16 relative to the ring element 12 may be adjustable . for example , the extension member 13 and the attachment element 16 may be attached to each other using an adjustment mechanism so that the distance between the attachment element 16 and the ring element 12 may be adjusted . in another alternative , an adjustment mechanism may be located at the juncture between the ring element 12 and the extension member 13 ( with the attachment element 16 in a fixed position on the extension member 13 ). in still another alternative , the adjustment mechanism may be in a form where the length of the extension member 13 is adjustable , e . g ., the extension member 13 may have a telescoping structure , etc . although depicted as a separate body in fig1 & amp ; 2 , the attachment element 16 may be integral with the extension member 13 . in perhaps its simplest form , the attachment element 16 may be provided as a mass of adhesive that may or may not have a visually discernable thickness ( for example , the attachment element may be in the form a thin layer of cyanoacrylate adhesive located between the extension member 13 and the fingernail 22 ). in other embodiments , the attachment element 16 may have a thickness and a volume as depicted in fig1 & amp ; 2 . in such embodiments , the attachment element 16 may be rigid or resilient . for example , the attachment element 16 may include a resilient body that carries the adhesive used to attach the splint to a fingernail or the body of the attachment element 16 may consist essentially of adhesive . if provided as a resilient body , the resilience of the attachment element 16 may provide some compliance between the extension member 13 and the fingernail 22 to which the device is attached . in still other embodiments , the attachment element may include a mechanical fastener system that includes two components that attach to each other . examples of some potentially suitable mechanical fastener systems may include hook and loop closures ( examples of which are available under the tradename velcro ), mating fastener elements , etc . ( see , e . g ., u . s . pat . nos . 5 , 077 , 870 ; 6 , 076 , 238 ; etc .). if a mechanical fastener system is used , it may be preferred that one component be attached ( e . g ., adhesively ) to the fingernail and the mating component be attached to the extension member . attachment of the two components to each other then serves to attach the fingernail to the extension member . fig2 depicts a perspective and illustrative view of exemplary splint 10 in position on a finger 20 . the bones of the finger 20 are depicted to better illustrate the functionality of the splint 10 . more specifically , the finger 20 includes skin 21 , a fingernail 22 , a distal phalanx 24 , a middle phalanx 26 , and a distal interphalangeal joint 28 . as shown in this depiction , the ring element 12 of the splint 10 is located around the middle phalanx 26 of the finger 20 at a location proximal to the distal interphalangeal joint 28 . the extension member 13 extends from the ring element 12 to the tip of the distal phalanx 24 . the attachment element 16 , as shown , is attached to the fingernail 22 . the attachment element 16 may be used to retain the splint 10 on the finger 20 . in turn , the splint 10 may prohibit substantial movement of the distal phalanx 24 at the distal interphalangeal joint 28 as to , e . g ., allow an extensor tendon to heal . the adhesive of the attachment element 16 preferably remains selectively attached to the fingernail 22 . for example , the adhesive may remain attached for a fixed time period based on average deterioration of the adhesive . further , for example , the adhesive may remain attached until a releasing compound ( e . g ., a solvent ) is used on the adhesive . still further , for example , the adhesive may be selected such that it remains attached to the fingernail 22 under a selected amount of force . the selected force may , for example , be greater than the force that a finger may apply to the distal phalanx 24 of that finger . in at least one embodiment , the splint 10 may secure the distal phalanx 24 in a position that supplies hyperextension , i . e ., movement beyond the normal range of motion of the distal phalanx 24 in the dorsal direction . it may be preferred that the splint 10 be capable of securing the distal phalanx 24 in about 3 degrees or more of hyperextension . in another characterization , the splint 10 may secure the distal phalanx 24 in some amount of hyperextension up to about , e . g ., 5 , 10 , or even 15 degrees of hyperextension . fig3 is a partial side view another exemplary embodiment of a finger splint 110 on a finger 120 according to the current invention . fig4 is an enlarged view of the attachment element 116 and a portion of the extension member 113 of fig3 . only the distal portion of the finger 120 and distal portion of the finger splint 110 are shown in fig3 & amp ; 4 . in the embodiment depicted in fig3 & amp ; 4 , the attachment element 116 is movable along the length of the extension member 113 . this feature may be useful because , as the fingernail 122 grows and the attachment element 116 remains attached to the fingernail 122 , the splint 110 will move distally with the growth of the fingernail 122 . in turn , this movement may reposition the splint 110 , which may hamper the functionality of the splint 110 , e . g ., the ring element portion of the splint 110 may be moved from the middle phalanx to or past the distal interphalangeal joint , which may reduce the effectiveness of the splint 110 at immobilizing the distal interphalangeal joint . one embodiment of a finger splint that may address the problem of fingernail growth is depicted in fig3 & amp ; 4 . the attachment element 116 may be movable relative to the extension member 113 . as the fingernail 122 grows and moves the splint 110 out of its proper position , the attachment element 116 may be unlocked , repositioned , and re - locked as to properly function , e . g ., to substantially immobilize the distal interphalangeal joint . these adjustments are preferably performed without removing the splint 110 . in the depicted mechanism , an adhesive plate 130 is attached to the fingernail 122 of the finger 120 . the adhesive plate 130 may be formed of a resilient or rigid material . the surface 118 of the adhesive plate 130 is the portion of the adhesive plate 130 that contacts the fingernail 122 and may be adhered to the fingernail 122 . the surface 118 may be adhesive itself or an adhesive substance may be applied to the surface 118 before attachment to the fingernail 122 . the side of the adhesive plate 130 opposite the surface 118 is attached to a slide 132 . the slide 132 is located within a slot formed in the extension member 113 . the slot may preferably extend through the extension member from the anterior side ( i . e ., the finger side ) to the posterior side . an upper portion of the slide 132 includes a rail 134 that protrudes from the sides of the slide 132 . the rail 134 cooperates with structure 152 in the slot to retain the attachment element 116 within the slot . generally , the slot is sized to precisely fit the slide element 132 within so as to allow limited ( if any ) lateral movement ( i . e ., movement that is not along the longitudinal axis defined by the extension member 113 ). a tubular element 137 is attached to the top of the slide 132 and extends towards to the posterior side of the extension member 113 . the tubular element 137 may have a circular cross section , square cross section , or any other cross - sectional shape . the adhesive plate 130 , the slide 132 , the rail 134 , and the tubular element 137 may be integral with each other ( e . g ., molded as a one - piece , completely integral unit ). alternatively , the adhesive plate 130 , the slide 132 , the rail 134 , and the tubular element 137 may be provided in two or more separate parts that are attached to one another . the adhesive plate 130 , the slide 132 , the rail 134 , and the tubular element 137 may be formed of the same material , or different materials . generally , these elements may be formed of rigid materials . a resilient member 136 may be provided within the tubular element 137 . although in this embodiment , the resilient member 136 is depicted as a coil spring , the resilient member 136 may be formed of any resilient material in any shape as would be known by one having skill in the art . for example , the resilient member may be formed of foam , silicone elastomer , rubber , etc . the top of the resilient member 136 is adjacent to the plunger portion 138 of the button 142 . the button 142 has a plunger portion 138 , a grooved portion 140 , and a top 144 . the plunger portion 138 , the grooved portion 140 , and the top 144 may be of one - piece , completely integral construction or may be separate parts that are fixedly attached . the grooved portion 140 of the button 142 may be sized to fit within the grooves 158 of the slot of the extension member 113 so as to immobilize the attachment element 116 with the extension member 113 . when the resilient member 136 is in an uncompressed state , the grooved portion 140 of the button 142 preferably mates with the grooves 158 of the slot of the extension member 113 to prevent movement of the attachment element 116 relative to the extension member 113 . movement of the attachment element 116 may be accomplished by depressing the top 144 of the button 142 to compress the resilient member 136 and move the grooved portion 140 of the button 142 out of the grooves 158 of the slot . depressing the top 144 of the button 142 in this manner will unlock the attachment element 116 from the extension member 113 , which allows the location of the attachment element 116 along the extension member 113 to be adjusted to , e . g ., compensate for fingernail growth . another exemplary embodiment of a finger splint 210 that may address the problem of fingernail growth is depicted in fig5 & amp ; 6 . the ring element 212 is extendable along its longitudinal axis so that when the fingernail 222 of finger 220 grows and moves the splint 210 , the distance between the attachment element 216 and the ring element 212 may be adjusted . the extension member 213 extends from the ring element 212 to the tip of the finger 220 as to support the joint between the distal interphalangeal joint . this embodiment includes an optional concave portion 219 of the extension member 213 formed near the distal end 217 of the extension member 213 and sized to receive the tip of finger 220 . the concave portion 219 may have many uses such as to partially secure the finger 220 within the splint 210 and / or to protect the finger 220 from “ jamming .” in this embodiment , the extension member 213 extends from the ring element 212 substantially perpendicular to a plane formed through the ring element 212 . near the midsection of the extension member 213 , i . e ., between the concave portion 217 and the ring element 212 , the extension member 213 tapers as to form an angle 275 . the angle 275 may be , e . g ., greater than zero degrees to about 25 degrees . the extension member 213 may preferably position the distal interphalangeal joint of the finger 220 in hyperextension as shown in fig6 . in the adjustment mechanism associated with this embodiment , the ring element 212 has two sections : a threaded male section 260 and a threaded female section 262 . the male section 260 mates the female section 262 and the inner male section 260 may preferably be positioned proximal to the distal interphalangeal joint to properly position the splint 210 . in fig5 , the male section 260 is partially unscrewed from the female section 262 as to extend the ring element 212 and increase the distance between the inner male section 260 and the attachment element 216 . in fig6 , the male section 260 is fully screwed into the female section 262 . dotted line 264 signifies where the screw portion of the male section 260 resides within the female section 262 . the ring element 212 may include indicia on the male section 260 and the female section 262 that correspond with each other as to show a user the distance the male section 260 has been screwed into the female section 262 . another exemplary embodiment of a finger splint according to the present invention is depicted in fig7 and 8 , with fig7 being a view taken along the axis of the extension member 313 of the finger splint 310 and fig8 being a side view of the finger splint 310 . the finger splint 310 includes a ring element 312 that includes a tab 370 that fits within a slot 372 to form a closed loop so that the ring element 312 can be retained in place on a finger . the tab 370 may preferably include a ratchet mechanism that includes slotted surface 374 that cooperates with a pawl ( not shown ) located in the slot 372 to prevent removal of the tab 370 from the slot 372 . in essence , the tab 370 and slot 372 function in the manner of a cable tie . in some embodiments , the ratchet mechanism may include structure that allows for release of the pawl ( if , e . g ., the tab 370 is pulled too far through the slot 372 ). as seen in fig8 , the portion of the tab 370 may be removed after the ring element 312 is in a select position . although the tab 370 is depicted as an integral component with the ring element 312 , the ring element 312 may be provided separately from the tab 370 such that the tab 370 is provided in the form of a discrete article ( e . g ., a cable tie ) that cooperates with the ring element 312 ( e . g ., is fitted in a slot , channel , through guides , etc .). although the exemplary embodiments described herein depict the finger splint utilized with a finger , the finger splint may be used on other appendages , such as , but not limited to , toes on a foot . further , although the exemplary embodiments described herein depict the finger splint utilized with the distal interphalangeal joint , the finger splint may be used on other joints , such as , but not limited to , the proximal interphalangeal joint . the complete disclosure of the patents , patent documents , and publications cited in the background , the summary , the detailed description of exemplary embodiments , and elsewhere herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each were individually incorporated . exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described above . those skilled in the art will recognize that many embodiments are possible within the scope of the invention . other variations , modifications , and combinations of the various components and methods described herein can certainly be made and still fall within the scope of the invention . thus , the invention is limited only by the following claims and equivalents thereto .
finger splints for use in connection with distal interphalangeal joint fractures are disclosed . the splints include a ring element for positioning around a finger at a location proximal to the distal interphalangeal joint and include an extension member that extends over the dip joint and attaches to the fingernail .