there is shown in fig1 in vertical cross section , a forward region 10 of a representative human eye having an optical axis 11 ( axis of symmetry ), a cornea 12 , an iris 14 and an intact , natural crystalline lens 16 . a ( posterior ) corneal endothelium surface 18 is identified on cornea 12 . an iris - supported or iris - fixated intraocular lens ( iol ) 20 , according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention , is shown implanted in an anterior chamber 22 of eye region 10 ( posterior to corneal endothelium surface 18 ) and fixated , in a manner described below , to an anterior surface 24 of iris 14 . an annular pupiliary spincter region 28 of iris 14 surrounds and controls a pupil or pupiliary opening 30 having a diameter , d 1 , typically no greater than about 8 mm for normal vision . further identified are an annular iris collarette region 32 and an annular pupiliary dilator muscle region 34 of iris 14 . an annular chamber angle 36 is identified at a peripheral edge region of iris 14 , as is an annular trabecular meshwork 38 . an annular ciliary process 40 is indicated at the peripheral attachment of natural lens 16 . as seen in fig1 iris fixated iol 20 is fixated to iris anterior surface 24 in the general region of iris collarette 32 ( the thickest region of iris 14 ), radially outwardly from pupillary sphincter 28 . with reference to fig2 and 2a in conjunction with fig1 the iol 20 includes an optic 50 which has respective anterior and posterior surfaces , and may be constructed as convex - convex ( as depicted in fig1 ), convex - concave , convex - planar , or concave - planar or concave - concave , all such and other configurations being within the scope of the present invention . optic 50 may advantageously be provided in the diopter range between about − 25 and about + 30 . it is preferred that optic 50 be constructed from an elastically deformable material , such as a silicone or acrylic material , enabling the optic to be folded , rolled or otherwise deformed so that iol 20 can be implanted through an ocular incision no larger than about 4 . 0 mm or about 3 . 5 mm or about 3 . 0 mm . the iol 20 further includes at least two fixation members 52 a , 52 b that extend radially outward from the outer edge 54 of the optic 50 . each of the fixation members 52 a , 52 b includes a base region 56 attached to the optic 50 and a pair of pincer arms 58 a , 58 b extending outward from the base region . as seen to the right side of fig2 each pincer arm 58 a , 58 b includes a proximal segment 60 that projects generally radially outward from the base region 56 , and a distal segment 62 that extends from the outer end of the proximal segment in a generally circumferential direction with respect to the optical axis 11 . each of the segments 60 , 62 has a length that is substantially larger than its width or depth ( into the page ). the fixation members 52 a , 52 b may be made of various materials typically used for such structures . for instance , a polymethylmethacrylate ( pmma ), acrylic , or other such material is suitable . the fixation members 52 a , 52 b must have a minimum of stiffness to locate the optic 50 along the natural optical axis . the distal segments 62 of the two pincer arms 58 a , 58 b converge toward one another and terminate at aligned end tips 64 , as seen best in the enlarged view of fig2 a . the pair of pincer arms 58 a , 58 b on each fixation member 52 a , 52 b thus forms a “ c ” shape , with the distal segments 62 defining the upright of the “ c .” the base region 56 is about as wide as the widest separation distance between the pincer arms 58 a , 58 b such that the entire fixation member 52 resembles a “ d .” the distal segments 62 do not meet in the middle , but instead are spaced apart by a gap g ( fig2 a ). the gap g is desirable between about 0 . 004 - 0 . 020 inches ( 0 . 102 - 0 . 508 mm ). in contrast to the prior art iris - supported iols , the gap g is not empty but is instead filled with the material from one or more compliant caps or sleeves , such as the sleeves 70 a , 70 b seen in fig2 over the tips 64 of the pincer arms 58 a , 58 b . when there are two such sleeves 70 a , 70 b over both tips 64 , and they are identical , they meet along a mid - plane 72 . in a preferred embodiment , the wall thickness t of each sleeve 70 a , 70 b ( at least between the tips 64 ) is about one - half of the gap g . as a consequence , the material of the sleeves 70 a , 70 b remains substantially uncompressed when the iol is not in use . alternatively , the wall thickness t of each sleeve 70 a , 70 b may be such that some compression of the material of the sleeves 70 a , 70 b occurs when the iol is not in use . [ 0030 ] fig2 b illustrates alternative sleeves 70 a ′ , 70 b ′ over the tips 64 of the pincer arms 58 a , 58 b . instead of being rounded at their ends , the sleeves 70 a ′ , 70 b ′ have right - angled or otherwise abrupt or sharp corners 74 at their ends , thus enhancing their ability to grasp iris tissue therebetween . the sharp corners are desirably continuous around the tip of each sleeve 70 a ′ , 70 b ′ , although intermittent points or teeth may be used . in use , the pincer arms 58 a , 58 b are used to clamp and grasp iris tissue on opposed sides of the iol 20 to fixate the iol within the anterior chamber , as seen schematically in fig1 . the material of the sleeves 70 a , 70 b is desirably highly compliant so that tissue damage or necrosis is eliminated . for example , the sleeves 70 a , 70 b may be made of a silicone , a hydrophobic acrylic , a hydrophylic acrylic , or other such biocompatible material suitable for long - term implantation in the ocular environment . the softness or compliance of the material is typically measured by a durometer value at normal eye temperatures ( about 35 ° c ., just under normal body temperature ), and is desirably between about 0 to about 80 and , more preferably between about 5 to about 50 . desirably , the shape of the facing tips of at least one of the sleeves 70 a , 70 b is such that the sleeves cooperate to grasp the iris tissue therebetween . it will be understood by those of skill in the art that the material properties of the sleeves 70 a , 70 b and the gap g between the tips 64 factor into the amount of compression applied to the iris tissue , although the implant technique also plays a role . the iol 20 is thus designed so that the surgeon can reliably implant it using the pincer arms 58 a , 58 b without undue compression and attendant tissue damage . it should also be mentioned that the soft covering of the sleeves 70 a , 70 b over the tips 64 further reduces the instance of tissue damage because it covers over any sharp corners of the harder tips . because of the ability of the soft material to deflect , the surgical technique to entrap tissue between the pincer arms is simplified and made more reliable . furthermore , alternatives to the sleeve structure are contemplated , as long as the end tips of the pincer arms compress a material therebetween ( other than the iris tissue ) that is more compliant than the material of the end tips . for example , end plugs that are adhered or otherwise fastened to the tips of the pincer arms are contemplated . [ 0034 ] fig3 illustrates an alternative embodiment of an iris - supported iol 80 having an optic 82 and a pair of oppositely - directed fixation members 84 . each fixation member 84 differs from the fixation members 52 in fig2 in that a base region 86 is narrower than the separation distance between a pair of pincer arms 88 a , 88 b extending outwardly therefrom . each fixation member 84 thus forms an “ o ” shape . this shape facilitates folding of the iol 80 ( about a horizontal line through the center thereof ). as before , the tips of the pincer arms 88 a , 88 b are separated by a gap , with a compliant material filling the gap . instead of a sleeve covering the tips of both pincer arms 88 a , 88 b , only one such sleeve 90 is provided . in this manner , the pincer arms 88 a , 88 b compress tissue therebetween with the benefit of the compliance of the material of the sleeve 90 , though one of the pincer arms comes into direct contact with the tissue . while this invention has been described with respect to various specific examples and embodiments , it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto and that it can be variously practiced within the scope of the following claims .
an iris - supported intraocular lens having an optic portion and a plurality of fixation members coupled thereto . each fixation member has a pair of pincer arms that separate outward of the optic and converge toward one another at aligned end tips . one or both of the end tips are covered with a soft sleeve or cap . the iol is fixed in the anterior chamber of the eye by pinching the iris tissue between the end tips of each pair of pincer arms . the soft sleeves eliminate damage to the iris tissue .