the detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of the presently preferred embodiments of a tip protector for use on a number of needles or needle assemblies provided in accordance with aspects of the present invention and is not intended to represent the only forms in which the present invention may be constructed or utilized . the description sets forth the features and the steps for constructing and using the tip protector of the present invention in connection with the illustrated embodiments . it is to be understood , however , that the same or equivalent functions and structures may be accomplished by different embodiments also intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the invention , especially those incorporating a combination of features shown in the different embodiments included herein . as denoted elsewhere herein , like element numbers are intended to indicate like or similar elements or features . fig1 a and 1b illustrate a prior art spring clip needle guard shown and described in u . s . pat . no . 6 , 616 , 630 to woehr et al ., the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference . for cross - referencing purposes , fig1 a and 1b shown herein are labeled and discussed in the &# 39 ; 630 patent as fig4 a and 4b . as therein shown and reproduced above as fig1 a and 1b , the spring clip needle guard 40 a includes a distal arm 65 terminating at its upper end in a curved lip 66 and at its lower end in a u - shaped portion 67 which , in the ready position illustrated in fig1 a , contacts a bump 68 formed in the lower inner wall of the catheter hub 26 . a transverse segment 69 having a central opening 70 extends proximally and upwardly and terminates at an upper u - shaped portion 72 . as disclosed in the &# 39 ; 630 patent , the opening is configured to clamp the needle in a used position , at points d and e , which have been added . a proximal end wall 74 having an opening 76 extends vertically from portion 72 and then extends distally in a horizontal lower segment 78 , which has an opening 80 through which the lower halves of the distal arm 65 and the transverse segment 69 extend in the ready position of the needle guard . segment 78 , at its distal end , extends upwardly at a front wall 82 which has a central opening 84 axially aligned with openings 70 , 76 . at its upper end , the distal front wall 82 extends in the proximal direction in an upper segment 86 , which , as shown in fig1 a , contacts the upper inner wall of the catheter hub along substantially its entire length . when the catheter is in the ready position , the needle shaft passes through openings 70 , 76 and 84 and rests on the curved lip 66 , which urges the arm 65 against the bump 68 in the lower wall of the catheter hub . that engagement , along with the resilient engagement of the upper segment 86 with the upper interior wall of the catheter hub , retains the spring clip 40 a in its ready position within the catheter hub . when the needle hub 12 and needle 16 are retracted to the right , as viewed in fig1 a , by a sufficient amount , the needle tip 18 moves proximal of the lip 66 and eventually passes below the lip 66 . when this occurs , the downward force on the arm 65 releases thus allowing the arm 65 to snap upwards to the retracted position illustrated in fig4 b , in which the arm 65 and the lip 66 extend over the needle tip 18 to thereby prevent accidental contact with the needle tip . in this condition , the needle guard 40 a is clamped onto the needle shaft 16 at points d and e of opening 70 and the needle and needle guard clamped thereto can be readily removed from the catheter hub . while the prior art tip protector 40 a shown in fig1 a and 1b is well - designed for its intended purposes , there remains a number of improvements to the tip protector 40 a that could be made to make it more reliable , effective , and easier to manufacture . with reference now to fig2 , a tip protector provided in accordance with aspects of the present invention is shown , which is generally designated 100 . in one exemplary embodiment , the tip protector 100 comprises a first protector body ( see , also fig5 ) 102 surrounded , at least in part , by a second protector body 104 . in one embodiment , the second protector body 104 comprises a distal wall 106 comprising an opening 108 , which is preferably circular in configuration . a plurality of walls extend distally of the distal wall 106 , which include two side walls 110 a , 110 b and a deflector wall , plate , or arm 112 . the second protector body 104 is preferably formed from a single stamped or cut - out stainless steel sheet resembling a “ t ”, which has a circular cut - out 108 at the intersection of the three branches of the “ t ” for forming the opening 108 on the distal wall 106 . in one exemplary embodiment , the intersection of the t - shape sheet is pressed against a metal form or die , such as carbide , which then forms the curvilinear perimeter contour 114 around the perimeter of the distal wall 106 while concurrently pushing the two side walls 110 a , 110 b and the deflector plate 112 proximally . a bottom perimeter contour can also formed by this process . in one exemplary embodiment , the edges 116 of the two side walls 110 a , 110 b and the deflector plate 112 are formed fitted in the same die used to form the curvilinear perimeter contour 114 of the distal wall 106 . thus , the intersections 118 between the two side walls 110 a , 110 b and the deflector plate 112 are generally curved or smooth rather than at right angles ( also shown in fig6 and 7 ). as further discussed below , the smooth edges 116 allow the tip protector 100 to contact an interior surface of a clip housing or catheter hub over a larger surface area as compared to corners having a simple right - angle , which would result in a single point contact . the side walls and deflector plate are preferably close enough together to shield the needle tip from view and catch any drop of blood that may drip from the needle while inside the needle tip . in one exemplary embodiment , a projection or dimple 120 is incorporated on the deflector plate 112 for delimiting needle movement in an activated position , as further discussed below . the width of the dimple section 120 , extending from one side wall 110 a to another side wall 110 b , is slightly less than the width of the deflector plate immediately proximally and distally of the dimple section . the dissimilar widths along the deflector plate 112 allow the dimple 120 to be formed following formations of the smooth corners 116 . however , the tip protector 100 may incorporate right angle corners at the various intersections 118 and the deflector plate 112 having a uniform width , which are less preferred , without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention . an optional opening 122 may be incorporated on the deflector plate 112 for ease of assembly . for example a pin ( not shown ) could be inserted through the opening 122 to push the arm 140 ( fig5 ) of the first protector body downwards . this could assist in assembling the butt end of a cannula or needle through the protector . preferably the opening is not necessary as the distal wall 150 of the first protector body 102 is formed at an angle thus allowing the butt end of the cannula to simply deflect the distal wall downwards for an automatic assembly . fig3 is a top view of the tip protector 100 of fig2 . in one exemplary embodiment , a reduced proximal section 124 is incorporated on the deflector plate 112 , which has a smaller width dimension that the section immediately distally . a gap 126 is created on each side of the reduced proximal section 124 , which is defined in part by each side wall 110 a , 110 b and the reduced proximal portion 124 . the two gaps 126 , however , can be filled by keeping the same width the entire length of the deflector plate 112 . in one exemplary embodiment , a side wall attachment plate 128 a , 128 b is incorporated at a proximal end of each side wall 110 a , 110 b . if a centerline or axis is drawn lengthwise of the tip protector 100 , the two side wall attachment plates 128 a , 128 b are positioned orthogonally of the axis and are generally coplanar . however , the two attachment plates 128 a , 128 b can overlap and be non - coplanar without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention . as further discussed below , the two attachment plates 128 a , 128 b are means by which the second protector body 104 attaches to the first protector body 102 . fig4 is a bottom view of the tip protector 100 of fig2 . the first protector body 102 is clearly shown positioned between the two side walls 110 a , 110 b of the second protector body 104 . in one exemplary embodiment , an arm 130 for stabilizing the tip protector 100 within a housing or hub is incorporated . the arm 130 extends distally from a proximal wall 132 ( see also fig5 ) and includes a bend or apex 133 defined by an upstream section 134 positioned at an angle to a downstream section 136 ( see also fig5 ). as further discussed below , the arm 130 is configured to pivot , flex , or cantilevered about a point 138 at a proximal end of the tip protector 100 , which acts like a hinge . the proximal wall 132 and the two attachment plates 128 a , 128 b together define a protector proximal end 129 . an arm 140 , of relatively longer length than the arm 130 for stabilizing , for blocking a needle tip also extends from the proximal wall 132 . in one exemplary embodiment , the arm 140 comprises an opening 142 and two ribs 144 . preferably , the opening 142 has an oblong shape and the two ribs 144 are formed by a coining process . the arm 140 further includes a forearm section 146 , a return section 148 ( fig5 ), a distal wall 150 ( fig5 ) for blocking a needle tip , and an end section or finger 152 ( fig5 ) for overlapping a portion of the needle in the used position . together , the forearm section 146 , the return section 148 , the distal wall 150 , and the finger 152 are collectively referred to herein as a distal arm blocking section . in one exemplary embodiment , the section of the arm with the opening 142 is wider than the remaining arm sections . this configuration provides room to not only incorporate the opening 142 but also the two coined ribs 144 . alternatively , a tab or flab may be incorporated on each edge of the arm section and then bending them to form two ribs . the alternative arm , without the coined ribs , may have a uniform width throughout . fig5 is a cross - sectional side view of the tip protector of fig4 taken along line 5 - 5 . the two arms 130 , 140 can be seen extending from two different edges of the proximal wall 132 . as shown in fig1 , when the tip protector 100 is positioned on a needle , the two arms originate from opposite side of the needle , viewed from a needle centerline . however , the longer arm 140 extends distally of the proximal wall 132 at an angle and transects the needle axis , with the needle passing through the opening 142 on the arm . the short arm 130 , however , does not touch or intersect the needle . more preferably , the end edge 154 of the short arm 130 is spaced apart from the needle , both in a ready to use position and a used position . as further discussed below , when the tip protector 100 is in a ready to use position , the long arm 140 is biased radially outwardly towards the short arm 130 and the finger 152 in contact with a side of the needle . to that end , the long arm 140 is flexed , at least in part , about a point 156 at the proximal wall 132 when in abutting contact with a side of the needle . referring again to fig3 in combination with fig5 , the deflector plate 112 is cantilevered from the perimeter contour 114 of the distal wall 106 of the second protector body 104 . this allows the whole deflector plate 112 , and more specifically the reduced proximal portion 124 , to deflect like a springboard . in one exemplary embodiment , the dimension between the apex 133 of the short arm 130 and the rounded edges 116 of the deflector plate 112 should be larger than the internal curvature of a housing the tip protector is to be placed into so that both the deflector plate 112 and the short arm 130 are biased inwardly by the wall surface of the housing . said differently , when the tip protector 100 is mounted inside a housing , such as the catheter hub shown in fig1 , the tip protector is squeezed at the two rounded edges on the deflector plate 112 and the short arm 130 . this squeezing action allows the tip protector to be removeably secured to the housing or hub . fig6 is an end view of the tip protector of fig5 taken along line 6 - 6 . the two side attachment plates 128 a , 128 b are shown in contact with the proximally facing surface of the proximal wall 132 . in one exemplary embodiment , the two attachment plates 128 a , 128 b are welded , using ultrasound , high frequency welding , or laser , to the proximal wall 130 . an opening 158 is incorporated on the proximal wall 130 of the first protector body 102 for receiving a needle ( not shown ). the two attachment walls 128 a , 128 b both incorporate cut - outs 160 resembling two semi - circles that together have a larger diameter than the opening 158 on the proximal wall 130 . alternatively , the two attachment walls 128 a , 128 b can overlap one another and each incorporating a separate opening having a larger diameter than the diameter on the opening 158 of the proximal wall . fig7 is a front view of the tip protector 100 of fig5 taken along line 7 - 7 . as clearly shown , the second protector body 104 incorporates a plurality of walled structures , namely the two side walls 110 a , 110 b and the deflector plate 112 , a front wall 106 , and two attachment walls 128 a , 128 b ( not shown ) to form an enclosure comprising a cavity 155 and a central access opening 162 ( see also fig5 ). with reference to fig5 and 6 in addition to fig7 , the short arm 130 projects out through the central access opening 162 to provide a contact point between the tip protector and a housing , such as a catheter hub . the long arm 140 ( fig5 ) similarly projects out through the central access opening 162 when in a ready - to - use position but moves into the cavity 155 when in a used position , as further discussed below . fig8 is a cross - sectional side view of the first protector body 102 of fig1 , shown without the second protector body 104 . in one exemplary embodiment , the first protector body 102 is formed from an single integral stainless steel sheet . the opening 142 should be stamped and the two ribs 144 coined before the first protector body 102 is formed to the shape shown in fig8 . fig9 is a cross - sectional end view of the first protector body 102 of fig8 taken along line 9 - 9 . part of the two ribs 144 , the opening 142 between the two ribs , and the proximal wall 132 are shown . fig1 is an end view of the first body section 102 of fig8 taken alone line 10 - 10 . part of the oblong opening 142 and the distal wall 150 can be seen through the opening 158 on the proximal wall 132 . in one exemplary embodiment , four cut - outs 164 are formed at each corner of the proximal wall 132 . the cut - outs 164 are configured to reduce the amount of spring force the two arms 130 and 140 generate . the amount of cut out can be varied to obtain a desired spring force . with reference again to fig5 , the tip protector disclosed herein may be viewed as a device having a housing with three moveable arms 112 , 130 , and 140 . the tip protector may also be viewed as having a housing with a deflector plate or arm with a tip protector disposed therein having an arm for blocking a needle tip and an arm , together with the deflector plate , for resiliently securing the tip protector to a hub or clip housing . fig1 is a semi - schematic cross - sectional side view of a catheter assembly 166 incorporating the tip protector 100 of fig2 - 10 . broadly speaking , the catheter assembly 168 comprises a needle hub comprising a needle 170 attached thereto . the needle 170 comprises a sharpened needle tip 172 , a non - uniform needle section 175 ( fig1 ), and projects through the tip protector 100 , the catheter hub 174 , and the catheter tube 176 . the non - uniform needle section 175 may be a crimp , a material build - up , a bend , or combinations thereof . in a preferred embodiment , the needle hub 168 incorporates a nose section 178 that projects into the interior wall surface 180 of the catheter hub 174 . the nose section 178 is configured to push the protector proximal end 129 of the tip protector 100 to a desired depth or length inside the cavity 182 defined by the wall surface 180 of the catheter hub 174 in the ready to use position ( fig1 ). in one exemplary embodiment , the cavity 182 includes a recessed section 184 , which may extend the entire internal circumference of the cavity along a band or width or a partial circumference , as shown . the recessed section 184 provides added space for the distal end of the first body section 102 so as to reduce the amount of compression or biasing force on the finger section 152 and the return section 148 . this in turn , reduces the drag between the finger section 152 and the side of the needle 170 during relative movement between the needle and the tip protector 100 . obviously , the needle assembly 166 may be practiced without the recessed section 184 , but not as preferred . as shown , the recessed section 184 comprises a proximal tapered section 186 and a distal tapered section . with reference to fig5 in addition to fig1 , the forearm section 146 , the return section 148 , and the distal wall 150 of the first body section 102 are all positioned distally of and spaced apart from the proximal tapered section 186 . the space apart configuration is incorporated as physical contact between the proximal tapered section 186 and the distal arm blocking section is not required to maintain a fixed relationship between the catheter hub 174 and the tip protector 100 during movement of the needle hub 168 relative to the catheter hub . however , contact between the two may be incorporated without deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention . referring now to fig1 , which is a cross - sectional end view of the catheter assembly of fig1 taken along line 12 - 12 , the tip protector 100 is shown contacting the interior wall surface 180 of the catheter hub 174 at the two curbed edges 116 on the deflector plate 112 and two edges of the short arm 130 , in the general area of the apex 133 . the four contact points are shown in fig1 with four contact arrows . thus , in one exemplary embodiment , an arm 130 is cantilevered from a proximal end of the first protector body 102 and another arm 112 is cantilevered from a distal end of the second protector body 104 to retain the tip protector 100 within a catheter hub . said differently , a tip protector is herein provided having an arm cantilevered from a proximal wall of a protector housing and a second arm cantilevered from a distal wall of the same protector housing . in an alternative embodiment , the cantilever arm 112 is eliminated and the two side walls 110 a , 110 b along with the short arm 130 are configured to removeably secure the alternative tip protector to a housing , such as a catheter hub or a clip housing . fig1 is a partial cross - sectional side view of the catheter assembly 166 of fig1 , shown in a used position , with the needle 170 retracted to the right of fig1 . the tip protector 100 , hence the needle 170 , is moved to the used position shown in fig1 by holding the catheter hub 174 in one hand while withdrawing the needle hub 168 to the right of fig1 ( or vice - versa , i . e ., holding the needle hub 168 while moving the catheter hub 174 to the left of fig1 ). as the needle tip 172 moves proximally of the finger section 152 , the biasing force acting on the arm 140 is removed thus allowing the arm to recoil to its less flexed state , which is shown in fig1 . as the needle hub 168 continues to move to the right , the non - uniform section 175 on the needle 170 , which has a larger cross - sectional dimension than the opening 158 on the proximal wall 132 of the first protector body 102 , contacts the opening 168 and pulls the proximal wall , via the engagement with the perimeter of the opening 168 , to the right . if the pulling force on the proximal wall 132 is greater than the friction force between the cantilever arm 112 , the short arm 130 , and the interior surface 180 of the catheter hub , the friction is overcome and the tip protector 100 disengages from the catheter hub . fig1 shows the tip protector 100 removed from the catheter hub 174 and the distal wall 150 blocking the needle tip . as the tip protector incorporates two side walls 110 a , 110 b , and a deflector plate 112 , the tip protector covers about three quarters of the circumference of the needle 170 proximate the needle tip . the remaining section of the needle 170 proximate the needle tip 172 is also partly covered by the short arm 130 and the distal blocking section of the first protector body 102 . the needle tip is shielded from view or contact . blood , which may drip from the needle tip , is configured to be caught by one of the walls . as shown in fig1 , if a force is exerted at the distal end of the tip protector near point 189 , the needle 170 could pivot away from the shielding provided by the finger section 152 and manipulated so that it re - emerges out the opening 108 of the distal wall 106 of the second protector body 104 . accordingly , in one exemplary embodiment , the dimple or projection 120 on the deflector plate 112 is configured to inhibit or delimit movement of the needle in the event of a direct or incidental force on the tip protector at or near point 189 . the projection 120 is configured to prevent movement of the needle tip 172 radially of the finger section 152 . fig1 is a semi - schematic perspective view of a second protector body 188 provided in accordance with aspects of the present invention . the alternative second protector body 188 may cooperate with the first protector body shown in fig8 - 10 to form an alternative tip protector . in one exemplary embodiment , the alternative second protector body 188 incorporates a deflector plate 190 comprising a generally curvilinear external surface , a tab 192 formed by making a cut - out 194 on the deflector plate and including two relief points 196 . the tab 192 , like the projection or dimple 120 on the prior second protector body , is configured to prevent a needle from pivoting out from the tip protector internal space . in one exemplary embodiment , the deflector plate 190 is integrally formed to the side walls 110 a and 110 b . this can be done , for example , using a deep draw forming process . still alternatively , the two side walls 110 a , 110 b and the deflector plate 190 may have a notch of cut - out between them . in one exemplary embodiment , a least a portion of the curvilinear external surface of the deflector plate 190 is configured to contact the interior surface of a catheter hub when the same is placed therein as part of a catheter assembly . alternatively , the deflector plate 190 incorporates a flat surface such that only the two side edges 198 with the two side walls 110 a , 110 b contact the interior surface of the catheter hub or clip housing . although limited embodiments of the tip protector and needle devices incorporating the tip protector have been specifically described and illustrated herein , many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art . for example , the tip protector described herein may be used in combination with a sleeve on a needle having a bend such as that shown in u . s . pat . no . 6 , 585 , 704 to luther et al . alternatively , the tip protector described herein may be used with an outer housing on a needle for use with a syringe , such as that shown in u . s . pat . no . 6 , 595 , 955 to fergusson et al . still alternatively , the tip protector described herein may be used with a grip part for sliding the tip protector along a needle , such as that shown in ser . no . 10 / 856 , 315 , entitled protective device for an injection needle . the foregoing patents and application are expressly incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in full . accordingly , it is to be understood that the tip protector and its components constructed according to principles of this invention may be embodied other than as specifically described herein . the invention is also defined in the following claims .
needle assemblies are generally discussed herein with particular discussions extended to needle assemblies having a tip protector with a plurality of wall surfaces for preventing contact with the needle tip from a side . aspects of the tip protectors discussed herein include a first protector body having an arm for blocking a needle tip surrounded by a second protector body having a plurality of wall surfaces .