fig1 - 6 show an endoluminal graft 100 of the present invention , which comprises a pliable tube 22 having a plurality of radially expandable ring members 10 affixed thereto . the radially expandable ring members 10 combine to form a graft anchoring system ( i . e ., a series of individual ring members 10 ) which , when radially expanded within the lumen of an anatomical conduit , will exert outward force against the surrounding wall of the anatomical conduit to hold the endoluminal graft 100 in a substantially fixed position therewithin . referring particularly to the showing of a flattened ring member 10 provided as fig4 each ring member 10 comprises a series of curvilinear segments 12 , 14 which extend , in zig - zag fashion , between apices 16 , 18 . a tangent line tl is projectable in relation to each curvilinear segment 12 or 14 , and the direction in which the curvilinear segment 12 , 14 diverges from its tangent line tl is herein referred to as its direction of curvature dc . a center of radius cr is definable within each apex 16 , 18 , and a longitudinal apical axis laa may be projected through each center of radius cr , as shown . an internal angle a 1 of preferably about 37 . 5 degrees , and an external angle a 2 of preferably about 70 degrees , are defined between each longitudinal apical axis laa and the adjacent tangent lines tl which relate to the curvilinear segments 12 , 14 on either side of that longitudinal apical axis laa . each curvilinear segment 12 , 14 connects to the curvilinear first and second apices 16 , 18 at points of tangency . the internal angle a 1 is the angle that each of the tangent lines tl make with respect to the adjacent longitudinal apical axes laa , and the external angle a 2 is the angle with respect to the corresponding laa along the respective curvilinear first and second apices 16 , 18 at which the points of tangency are located . the values of the internal angle a 1 and the external angle a 2 , of course , are not limited to the described preferred embodiments and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that other values also within the scope of the present invention . as shown in fig9 the individual curvilinear segments 12 , 14 of each ring member 10 are affixed to or continuous with one another , and are formed about a longitudinal axis la to form a ring . depending on the physical properties of the material of which the ring members 10 are formed , the ring members 10 may be either pressure expandable or self expanding . ring members 10 of the pressure - expandable ( i . e ., &# 34 ; passive expandable &# 34 ;) variety may be formed of plastically deformable material ( e . g ., stainless steel or elgiloy ™) which is compressible and plastically deformable to a first ( radially compact ) diameter and remains stable in such first diameter until such time as outwardly directed pressure is applied thereto ( e . g ., by inflation of a balloon positioned within the interior of the radially collapsed ring member ) to cause radial expansion and resultant plastic deformation to a second ( operative ) diameter . ring members 10 of the self - expanding variety may be formed of resilient or shape memory material ( e . g ., spring steel or nitinol ™) which is capable of self - expanding from its first ( radially compact ) diameter to its second ( operative ) diameter without the exertion of outwardly directed force thereagainst . each ring member 10 may thus be used individually as a radially expandable intraluminal stent , whereby the alternating zig - zag configuration of the curvilinear members 12 , 14 will form a support scaffold which will prevent surrounding tissue from invading the interior thereof . in this manner the ring members 10 comprise stents which may be implanted in blood vessels or other luminal anatomical structures to maintain patency thereof . when it is desired to use a ring member 10 as a stent , the ring member 10 may be initially mounted upon or within a delivery catheter for introduction into , and implantation within , the desired anatomical structure . in pressure - expandable embodiments , by way of example and not limitation this may be accomplished by mounting the ring member 10 in a radially compressed state upon a balloon catheter , while the balloon of the catheter is deflated . thereafter , the catheter is inserted and advanced through the body lumens ( e . g ., blood vessels ) until the ring member 10 is positioned at the desired site of implantation . thereafter , the balloon of the catheter is inflated causing the ring member 10 to radially expand until it engages the surrounding wall of the anatomical structure ( e . g ., blood vessel ). thereafter , the balloon is deflated and the catheter is removed , leaving the ring member implanted as a stent within the luminal anatomical structure ( e . g ., blood vessel ). self - expanding embodiments and any known methods of their implantation are also within the scope of the present invention . fig1 - 3 and 5 - 6 show an endoluminal graft 100 wherein a plurality of the ring members 10 of the present invention are used to form a graft anchoring system . the endoluminal graft 100 comprises a pliable tube graft 22 having a series of the ring members 10 affixed to the tube graft 22 at spaced - apart locations or intervals , as shown . as illustrated particularly in fig2 and 3 , the apices 16 , 18 of the ring members 10 are preferably in direct alignment with one another and the curvilinear segments 12 , 14 are also substantially aligned and are of the substantially the same direction of curvature dc . in this manner , when the endoluminal graft 100 is collapsed ( e . g ., compressed or allowed to retract ) to its radially collapsed configuration , the curvilinear segments 12 , 14 of each ring member 10 will become nested within each other so as to allow the diameter of the endoluminal graft 100 to be reduced substantially -- to form a relatively low profile configuration . it will be appreciated that the pliable tube graft 22 may be formed of any suitable material , including but not limited to woven polyester , expanded polytetrafluoroethylene ( eptfe ), etc . in the exemplary embodiment shown in fig1 - 3 and 5 - 6 , the tube graft 22 is formed of woven polyester and the individual ring members 10 are threaded through slits 40 formed in the tube graft 22 such that the ring members 10 will be held in substantially fixed positions within the tube graft 22 . the ring members 10 may be unconnected to one another other than by way of their common attachment to the pliable tube graft . on the other hand , if desired , they may be attached to one another other than by way of their common attachment to the pliable tube graft . this mode of construction of the endoluminal graft 100 is generally in accordance with that described in u . s . pat . no . 5 , 782 , 904 to white et al ., which is incorporated herein by reference . of course , other types of attachments of the ring members 10 to the tube graft 22 are within the scope of the present invention . in some applications , it may be desirable to position the terminal ring members 10 e located at either end of the endoluminal graft 100 such that their first apices 16 protrude beyond the end of the tube graft 22 , as particularly shown in fig5 and 6 . additionally , the protruding portions of the terminal ring members 10 e may be bent outwardly in the manner indicated by phantom lines on fig5 to enhance the frictional engagement of those terminal ring members 10 e with the tissue of the surrounding wall of the anatomical structure . the protruding portions 10 e are described in great details in u . s . pat . no . 5 , 782 , 904 to white et al ., which is incorporated herein by reference . fig7 - 9 show a fixture apparatus and method for forming a ring member 10 of the present invention from a single piece of wire 57 . as shown specifically in fig7 & amp ; 8 , the preferred fixture apparatus 50 comprises a backboard 52 which has a flat surface 53 and a plurality of wire - forming block members 54 mounted on such flat surface 53 . each block member 54 has a curved wire - abutting edge 56 , an apical tip 58 , and an apical trough 60 . the block members 54 are mounted on the back board 52 such that the apical tip 58 of one block member 54 is in close - spaced juxtaposition with the apical trough 60 of the next block member 54 , as shown . the distance between the apical tip 58 of one block member 54 and the apical trough 60 of the next block member 54 is approximately equal to the diameter of the wire 57 . a preferred wire 57 for use in forming the ring members 10 is an alloy wire available commercially as elgiloy ™ wire from elgiloy , elgin , ill . other wires which may be useable include stainless steel wire and other implantable metals . the wire 57 is threaded between the block members 54 such that the wire 57 abuts against the curved surfaces 56 to form the curvilinear segments 12 , 14 , and is interposed between the adjacent apical tips 58 and apical troughs 60 to form the first and second apices 16 , 18 . in this manner , the wire 57 assumes the desired flattened wireform configuration shown in fig4 . as shown specifically in fig9 after the wire 57 has been formed upon the fixture apparatus 50 , it is removed from the fixture apparatus 52 and is the formed about a cylindrical mandrel 70 to impart the desired ring configuration . when formed about the mandrel 70 , the free ends tails 24 , 26 of the wire 57 are in side by side juxtaposition . such free end tails 24 , 26 are then twined about one another to overlap and a sleeve member 30 is crimped thereabout to firmly connect the twined portions of the free end tails 24 , 26 immediately adjacent the associated second apex 18 . thereafter any portions of the free end tails 24 , 26 which protrude from the crimped sleeve member 30 may be cut away , and the finished ring member 10 is removed from the mandrel 70 . alternatively , the plurality of curvilinear segments of each ring member may be initially formed as separate , curvilinear segments and subsequently connected to one another to form that ring member . it is to be appreciated that the invention has been described herein with reference to certain exemplary embodiments only , and no effort has been made to exhaustively describe each and every possible embodiment of the invention . indeed , as those skilled in the art will appreciate , various additions , deletions , modifications and / or alterations may be made to the above described embodiments without departing from the intended spirit and scope of the invention . it is intended that all such additions , deletions , alterations and modifications be included within the scope of the following claims .
an endoluminal grafts is provided which is constructed to be radially collapsed and / or radially compressed to a small diameter . the graft has wireforms which generally comprise a wire deformed into generally annular configuration and consisting of a plurality of curvilinear wave forms . the wave forms have a plurality of first apices in linear alignment with each other , a plurality of second apices in linear alignment with each other , and a plurality of curvilinear segments traversing back and forth between said first and second apices . the graft is i ) initially disposable in a radially compact configuration of a first diameter and ii ) subsequently expandable to a radially expanded configuration of a second diameter , said second diameter being larger than said first diameter . when in its radially compact configuration , the adjacent curvilinear segments of the wireforms will nest or seat in abutting contact with one another , thereby minimizing the diameter of the graft while in its radially compact configuration .