the following detailed description illustrates the invention by way of example , not by way of limitation of the principles of the invention . this description will enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention , and describes several embodiments , adaptations , variations , alternatives and uses of the invention , including what we presently believe is the best mode of carrying out the invention . referring now to the drawings , in which like reference numbers represent similar or identical structures throughout , fig1 shows a set of fixed - angle endoscopes 10 with viewing directions of 0 , 30 , 70 , and 120 degrees . along with the traditional forward view , a 30 degree offset is often popular because it affords simultaneous straight forward and lateral viewing . greater angles of 70 and 120 provide lateral and near retrospective viewing . together these scopes 10 make up an endoscope suite as currently used in cystoscopy and neuroendoscopy . other standard viewing angles include 12 , 45 , and 90 degrees . fig2 shows a common variable direction of view endoscope 10 with a view vector 12 which can swing through a range 14 . the size of this range depends on the particular construction of the endoscope 10 . some variable direction of view scopes have a detent which settles the view vector 12 stably into a specific angular position 16 , here 90 degrees lateral , effectively transforming the scope into a fixed off - angle scope . this detent keeps the view vector 12 from drifting away from a true 90 degree angle when the scope is manipulated . the drawback with this mechanism is that the detent cannot be repositioned if the user desires a different fixed angle , and the overall design also does not let the user reconfigure the scope 10 to add or subtract other fixed angles depending on the application . in the preferred embodiment shown in fig3 , a variable direction of view endoscope 10 with a scan range 14 is configured to have its line of sight move between discrete angular positions 0 , 30 , 70 , and 120 degrees . the scope 10 was previously configured to move between a different set of angles : 0 , 12 , 45 , and 90 degrees . any set of angles can be specified , and with a continuously variable viewing direction as many discrete positions as desirable can be set by the user according to the specific application or need . depending on the construction of the endoscope 10 , this can be done mechanically by adjusting a physical setting or electronically by programming the device . mechanical configuration is accomplished with a standard transmission where a clutch can be used to shift the rotation rates , as with stick - shifted cars or revolving spindle machines like lathes or mills ( the transmission and actuation techniques are not shown as there is a wealth of well known mechanisms suitable for the purpose of the present invention .). there could for example be three settings ; continuous smooth motion , 30 degree increments , and 45 degree increments . depending on the complexity of the transmission mechanism , combinations of different settings could also be possible . with an electronic or electromechanical endoscope it is possible to reconfigure the endoscope electronically ( simple common support circuitry can be added if necessary ). this would be done simply by programming the device , much like one would set preferences in consumer electronics , such as programming favorite radio stations or one - touch phone dialing , etc . setting the desired angles could either be done with input buttons directly on the endoscope or it could be done through the graphical user interface ( described below ). depending on the electronic configuration of the device , any number of angles can be stored , and the angles can be set to any value . the user can then rapidly switch between these preset angles without the time , thought , and effort normally required to adjust the endoscopic viewing direction . it is also possible to rapidly switch between programmed sets of preset angles , say from a standard cystoscopy set to a standard sinoscopy set . a further valuable feature is that the scope 10 can be configured so that certain button presses or double clicks take the view vector 12 to a preset home position and bypass intervening angles for rapid toggle between home and a desired viewing angle ( described further below ). also , if desired , the scope 10 can always be switched into continuous mode where the angle of the view vector 12 is smoothly variable . once configured , a series of input devices can be used for controlling the endoscopic viewing direction : fig4 a shows a wheel 18 which can be actuated by the user &# 39 ; s thumb ( or other appropriate finger ). this thumb - wheel 18 , located on the endoscope handle 19 , is configured to settle into discrete positions , much like a tuning knob on a digital radio . a pointer 20 could also be used . such a pointer 20 could either serve as a control input or be passively attached to a knob or thumb - wheel 18 . aligned with the endoscopic view vector ( not shown ), the pointer 20 provides an important indication to the operator about where the endoscope 10 is “ looking ” ( see u . s . pat . no . 6 , 695 , 774 to hale et al .). a clutch 22 is used for shifting the transmission ratio between the thumb wheel 18 and the view vector . other mechanical input means include handles , triggers , or variable increment knobs 23 , as shown in fig4 b . variable increment knobs are typically found on radio tuners , oscilloscopes , and micrometers , where knobs engage different transmission ratios depending on axial position , or where there are several coaxial knobs which each engage a different setting . for an electronic or electromechanical endoscope , the input device is a joystick 24 or similar electronic switch / button , shown in fig4 c . by pushing the joystick 24 forward or backward , the endoscopic view vector position is incremented or decremented to an adjacent angular configuration . depressing the joystick 24 or moving it right or left performs additional functions , such as putting the device into set mode and adjusting settings in this mode . the device can also be configured to toggle between angular positions which are not adjacent , depending on the dynamic needs of the operator . in particular , toggling between straight forward and an off - angle is very useful . during endoscopic procedures surgeons often get disoriented and would like to be able to rapidly return the view to a home position for a reference check . the best reference view is normally straight forward as it is the one to which the surgeon can most easily relate . this type of immediate return to a home reference is not possible with current endoscopes but can be done with the present invention . double - clicking the joystick 24 for example , causes a return to home and / or there could also be a designated home - button 26 , as in the alternative button based interface shown in fig4 d ( top view ). a set - button 28 which puts the device in set mode is also included in this interface , along with forward and backward buttons 30 , 32 . generally , a wide range of interface configurations are possible , as exemplified by the multitude of different available video game joysticks and keypads . which one is used will depend on the ergonomic requirements for different users and situations . in its preferred embodiment , the present invention includes a graphical user interface ( gill ) for controlling the endoscopic viewing process . this gill , shown in fig5 , comprises a main section 34 for displaying the endoscopic image 36 , and a section for selecting viewing parameters 38 . for example , a set of default angular settings according to surgical procedure are available , allowing the user to choose the appropriate set of angles for a given procedure . a neurosurgeon would select a neurosurgical setting which runs the scope in the default multi - mode constituting the angles 0 , 30 , 70 , and 120 degrees . an ear - nose - throat surgeon would select a sinoscopy setting which provides default viewing angles of 0 , 30 , 45 , 70 , and 90 degrees . the gill also allows the user to customize settings , with specific toggles between angles , and personally preferred home positions for the endoscope . it also displays the current viewing angle 40 , which allows the user to run a combination of continuous mode and discrete mode : the scope can be operated with a smoothly variable viewing angle , but the user will also know the running angle and can thus manually move the scope to specific desired angles without being tied to discrete preprogrammed positions . the viewing angle can also be displayed on a small readout , display , or dial located on the endoscope itself , but this is less useful because during a procedure it is inconvenient to have to look at the endoscope to get the current viewing angle . further features give the user the choice of enabling advanced navigation features such as gravity leveling of the endoscopic image ( provided the endoscope in use is equipped with the appropriate instrumentation ) and superimposition of custom or default reference coordinate systems 42 . accordingly , the present invention provides a method and interface for providing endoscopists with the advantages of traditional fixed - angle endoscopy while avoiding the disadvantages of using multiple instruments . it also provides other advantages such as rapid toggling between views and immediate return to home reference positions . the present invention has been described above in terms of a presently preferred embodiment so that an understanding of the present invention can be conveyed . however , many alternative designs , interfaces , configurations , and structural arrangements are possible without departing from the principle of the invention . the scope of the present invention should therefore not be limited by the embodiments illustrated , but rather it should be understood that the present invention has wide applicability with respect to multi - directional viewing instruments and their use , which can be industrial or medical . all modifications , variations , or equivalent elements and implementations that are within the scope of the appended claims should therefore be considered within the scope of the invention .
a method and system are provided for configuring a variable direction of view endoscope , generally comprising a video display screen and an endoscope having a view controlling device for moving the view vector between predefined , discrete view vector positions . the video display screen displays a set of these view vector positions , and the view vector is moved from one of these positions directly to another in response to a command from a user via the video display screen .