referring to fig1 , a first conventional phacoemulsification system 10 includes a platform 12 is associated with a handpiece 14 . the handpiece 14 includes a hollow needle 16 that is connected to the platform 12 and is vibrated at known ultrasonic frequencies so that when its tip 18 is inserted into proximal to a cataractous lens within the eye ( not shown ), it can emulsify the lens contained therein . a bottle 20 provides through a tube 22 an infusion fluid that flows around the needle 16 through a sleeve 24 and exits , as at 26 adjacent to the tip 18 . the pressure of the fluid at the exit points 26 can be controlled in this system 10 only by raising or lowering the bottle 20 . a somewhat more sophisticated system 30 is shown in fig2 . system 30 includes a platform 32 that is connected to handpiece 34 also having a hollow needle 36 surrounded by a sleeve 38 and having an emulsification tip 40 . infusion fluid is provided from the platform 32 to the sleeve 38 and this fluid is then ejected near tip 40 , as at 42 . in this system , the infusion fluid is provided by a bag 44 to a pump 46 . the pump 46 then forces the fluid through tube 48 to the sleeve 38 . the platform 32 also includes a sensor 50 that senses the fluid pressure through the line ( tubing ) as it leaves the pump 46 . the operation of the pump 46 is controlled by a control servo 52 which receives an input from the surgeon indicative of the desired fluid pressure and another input from the sensor 50 . ideally , this feedback - type control scheme should be able to control the pressure of the fluid as it is ejected at 42 . however , in practice it has been found that this scheme is less than ideal because there has a substantial and measurable lag between the time that surgeon sets a desired pressure demand as an input for the servo and the time the loop adjusts itself to the desired pressure . as a result , the pressure at the fluid exit points 52 can be either much higher or much lower than desired for a considerable time , leading to complications within the eye . a system 100 constructed in accordance with this invention is shown in fig3 . as shown in this figure , the system 100 includes a platform 102 associated with a handpiece 104 . the handpiece includes a needle 106 terminating a tip 108 used for emulsification . a sleeve 110 surrounds the needle 106 and provides fluid near the tip 108 through exit ports 110 . the needle 106 is vibrated at ultrasonic frequencies by a conventional ultrasonic generator disposed in the platform 102 ( not shown ). the sleeve may be disposable . the infusion fluid originates from a bag 114 and is pushed by a pump 116 through fluid tube 118 . the pump 116 is controlled by a servo 120 . importantly , a sensor device 122 is disposed adjacent to one of the exit ports along or in the sleeve 112 . the sensor device 122 is arranged to measure the instantaneous fluid pressure at that point . the pressure information from sensor device 122 is transmitted to an information relay ( such as an re transceiver or repeater ) 124 . the relay 124 then transmits the pressure information to a receiver 126 in the platform 102 . the pressure information is then provided to a servo 120 . the platform 102 is also provided with a surgeon interface 128 that receives demand information from the surgeon . the interface 128 may include a dial or a digital keypad used by the surgeon to set a certain fluid pressure or request a pressure increase or decrease . the servo 120 then uses the pressure information and a demand signal from the interface 128 to control the operation of the pump 116 . since the pressure information originates directly from the fluid exit port 112 , it is much more accurate or current then in the prior art and hence the system 130 operates much faster and more reliably . in one embodiment of the invention , instead of using relay 124 , the pressure information from the sensor device 122 is transmitted to the receiver 126 by a hard wire , an rf transmission , etc . sensor device 122 is preferably a miniaturized ic chip that can be mounted at a location preferably near one of the exit ports 112 . for example , device 122 can be mounted on the inner or outer wail of sleeve 110 . the information relay or repeater 124 is disposed preferably outside the eye but near enough so that it can be within the transmitting range of device 122 . in the embodiment described above , the infusion fluid for the handpiece 104 is pressurized directly and controlled using a pump 116 , which may be , for example , a peristaltic pump . in an alternate embodiment , instead of using a direct pressurizing means , an air ( or gas ) pump may be used , as shown in fig3 a . in this figure , a pressurized vessel 140 holds an infusion fluid 142 . this fluid 142 is fed to the handpiece 104 as described in conjunction with fig3 . the vessel 140 is pressurized by an air pump 144 that is operated by a control signal from the servo 120 . fig5 shows a block diagram of a first embodiment 120 a of the sensor device . it includes a power supply 150 , a sensor element 152 , a preamplifier and filter 154 , a mixer 156 , an impedance matching network 158 and an antenna 160 . the sensor element 152 is preferably a mems - type pressure sensor in communication with the infusion fluid within or exiting from the sleeve 110 . the sensor output is conditioned and amplified by preamplifier and filter 154 and fed to a mixer 156 . the mixer 156 further receives an rf signal from a local oscillator 162 . the resulting re signal is fed to an impedance matching network 158 and output by antenna 160 . while the output signal from the antenna could be transmitted straight to the platform 102 , or it can be transmitted through a repeater 124 as discussed above . the rf output signal is received by an antenna 126 a incorporated into platform 102 and then fed to the receiver 126 and servo 120 as discussed above . the power supply 150 can be either a battery , a supercapacitor or other conventional static power source . alternatively , power to the sensor device 122 can be provided by an active source . for example , in fig5 such as an inductor 170 is provided in an external excitation member 172 . excitation member 172 is disposed outside the eye during surgery and is provided power from an external power source 174 . during surgery , the inductor 170 generates a magnetic field that in turn generates a current through internal inductor 176 . the inductor 176 with a capacitor 178 form an active power source 150 a for the sensor device shown in fig4 . fig6 shows several other alternative embodiments . in this figure sensor 120 c is a digital device as opposed to the analog device shown in fig4 . the sensor element 152 generates sensor data that , after processing by the amplifier and filter 154 is provide to an adc 202 . the digital sensor data from the adc is sent out either directly or fed to a microprocessor 204 . the microprocessor then generates corresponding digital output data that is fed to the impedance matching network 158 and then to antenna 160 . in one embodiment this output data is sent either directly to the receiver of the platform 102 either directly , or via repeater 124 . in this configuration , power for the sensor device 120 c is provided by battery 150 a . in another embodiment , rfid technology is used to query and power the sensor device 120 c . for this purpose , an external rfid transceiver 192 is provided that is positioned during surgery adjacent to the surgery site . the sensor device 120 c includes an rfid receiver and tank circuit 200 feeding a charging circuit 202 . when activated , the rfid transceiver sends a query to the rfid receiver 200 in the form of an rf signal . this rf signal is preferably continuous . the rfid receiver 200 receives the rf signal and uses its energy to power a charging circuit 202 . the charging circuit then generates power that is either used to energize the other elements of the device 120 c directly , or is used to charge battery 150 a . then , in response to the query , the sensor element detects the respective fluid pressure and generates a corresponding output signal indicative of this instantaneous fluid pressure . in one embodiment , the output signal from the antenna 160 is transmitted to the platform 102 directly or via repeater 124 . in another embodiment , the rfid external transceiver 192 also acts as the repeater 124 . in this case , the antenna 160 is part of the rfid receiver 200 and the output signal is sensed by the transceiver 192 which then transmits it to the platform 102 . numerous modifications may be made to this invention without departing from its scope as defined in the appended claims .
a phacoemulsification system includes a platform controlling the phacoemulsification process and a handpiece attached to the platform and used by a surgeon to perform an operation . the handpiece includes a hollow phaco needle with a flexible sleeve around the needle and provides an infusion fluid sourced at the platform into the eye . the sleeve , which may be disposable , is provided with a sensor device configured to sense the instantaneous fluid pressure in the eye during the operation and send this information to the platform . this information is used by the process to control the pressure of the infusion fluid to insure that the eye is not injured and to otherwise protect the eye during the operation .