fig1 shows a perspective right rear view of a tool according to the invention . the tool in this embodiment comprises frame 1 , lever arm assembly 2 , handle assembly 3 , and jaws 4 and 5 . wavy lines 99 below the tool represent the earth where the frame foot rests during operation and weed stem 98 represents a weed that the tool removes . frame 1 ( fig4 ) is a rigid rectangular form comprising front arm 10 , top arm 11 , rear arm 12 and an open bottom , with foot 13 extending to the rear from the bottom of rear arm 12 . all of the arms are i - beam shaped along their cross - section with a side - to - side dimension of 15 . 75 mm . of the side - to - side dimension the central body is 6 . 25 mm depth and the lips extend 4 . 75 mm outward from each side of the central body . the front - to - rear dimension for front arm 10 and rear arm 12 is 20 mm , and the top - to - bottom dimension for top arm 11 is 30 mm . the i - beam structure also extends continuously from rear arm 12 across the top of foot 13 with a dimension of 25 mm from the top of the structure to the bottom surface of foot 13 . front arm 10 is 115 mm top - to - bottom , top arm 11 is 125 mm front - to - rear , and rear arm 12 is 130 mm top - to - bottom . the dimensions of foot 13 are 84 mm side - to - side , 100 mm front - to - rear and 6 . 25 mm top - to - bottom excluding the top i - beam structure . pivot hub 15 protrudes symmetrically to the sides of the central body of top arm 11 along a circular profile of diameter 20 mm and outward 12 . 75 mm from each side for a total side - to - side dimension of 31 . 75 mm . the central axis of pivot hub 14 is positioned 35 . 5 mm forward from the rear edge and 15 mm up from the bottom edge of frame top arm 11 . pivot hole 15 is 6 mm diameter through pivot hub 14 along the central axis . front jaw mounting holes 16 and 17 are 6 mm diameter and centered 12 mm forward from the rear edge of frame front arm 10 . hole 17 is centered 30 mm up from the bottom of frame front arm 10 and hole 16 is centered 20 mm up from the center of hole 17 . spring hook mounting holes 18 and 19 are 2 . 5 mm diameter through the right side lip of frame rear arm 12 and are centered 3 mm inward from the outer edge of the lip . hole 18 is centered 70 mm down from the top edge of top frame arm 11 and hole 19 is centered 6 mm down from hole 18 . lever arm assembly 2 ( fig5 ) is comprised of tube 20 , left lever arm 21 , right lever arm 22 , handle upper bolt and nut 28 and handle lower bolt and nut 29 . tube 20 ( fig6 ) is a 95 mm length of 31 . 75 mm square 16 gauge mild steel square tube . holes 24 and 25 are 6 mm diameter through two facing sides of tube 20 . hole 24 center is 20 mm lengthwise from the top end of tube 20 , hole 25 is 50 mm below hole 25 , and both are centered along the width of tube 20 . left lever arm 21 ( fig7 ) is a 205 mm length of 31 . 75 mm by 31 . 75 mm by 6 . 25 mm aluminum angle extrusion with the face perpendicular to tube 20 trimmed to 20 mm width . handle upper hole 24 is 20 mm lengthwise from the top end of lever arm 21 , handle lower hole 25 is 50 mm below handle upper hole 24 and pivot hole 26 is 50 mm below handle lower hole 25 . holes 24 , 25 and 26 are all 6 mm diameter and centered along the face of left lever arm 21 adjacent to tube 20 . jaw hole 27 is 6 mm diameter and centered 6 . 25 mm from the bottom end of and 11 mm from the outer edge of left lever arm 21 . corner notch 23 is cut from the bottom corner and inset 9 . 5 mm from the bottom edge and 6 . 25 mm from the outer edge of left lever arm 21 . the width of the face of left lever arm 21 adjacent to tube 20 matches the width of tube 20 , and holes 24 and 25 match the size and placement of the corresponding numbered holes in tube 20 . right lever arm 22 ( fig8 ) is a mirror image of left lever arm 21 with identical dimensions , the only difference being that the face perpendicular to tube 20 extends in the opposite direction from that of lever arm 21 . the lever arms are assembled on opposite sides of tube 20 and the assembly is secured together with handle assembly 3 by bolts and nuts 28 and 29 through holes 24 and 25 . handle assembly 3 ( fig9 ) is comprised of handle 31 , handle adapter 32 and handle grip cap 33 . handle 31 ( fig1 ) is composed of round solid core fiberglass with dimensions 28 . 575 mm diameter and 1165 mm length . handle grip cap 33 is inserted over the top end of handle 31 to provide a comfortable and firm grip for the operator . tapered end 36 extends along the bottom 80 mm length of handle 31 at an angle of about 3 . 8 degrees relative to the normal exterior handle surface . holes 34 and 35 in tapered end 36 are 6 mm in diameter and through the central axis of handle 31 . hole 35 is 13 mm from the bottom end of handle 31 and hole 34 is 50 mm upward from hole 35 . handle adapter 32 ( fig1 ) is composed of injection molded plastic and adapts the round tapered end profile of handle 31 to the uniform square profile of tube 20 . handle adapter 32 outer profile has the same dimensions as the inner cavity of tube 20 , and its inner cavity has the same dimensions as tapered end 36 of handle 31 . holes 34 and 35 in handle 31 and handle adapter 32 match the size and separation of holes 24 and 25 in lever arm assembly 2 . it should be noted here that a tapered end is currently the only configuration available for the preferred off - the - shelf handle that satisfies light weight , high strength , moderate flexibility and practical cost criteria for the invention . a customized handle would potentially eliminate the tapered end but the component cost would increase to the extent that the tool would not be practical to produce , except possibly at very high volumes . alternatively the tapered end could be cut off but that would reduce the handle length by 80 mm and result in an undesirable reduction of maximum leverage ratio . jaw 4 and jaw 5 ( fig1 ) are identical . front surface 41 and rear surface 40 are 60 mm side - to - side and 80 mm top - to - bottom . the dimension from front surface 41 to rear surface 40 is 9 mm including the textured peaks . front surface 41 is textured for improved gripping force on deformable plant material . mounting rails 42 and 43 ( fig1 ) extend the full length top - to - bottom of rear surface 40 , and 21 mm perpendicularly outward from the rear surface . the mounting rails are 8 mm wide and positioned symmetrically and parallel to each other on the rear surface with inner faces 15 . 75 mm apart and outer faces 31 . 75 mm apart . corner bracing 44 and 45 at the bottom of rear surface 40 is 10 mm wide and extends from the outer faces of the rails to the rear surface to provide additional strength at critical stress points . mounting holes 46 and 47 are 6 mm diameter and their centers are 10 mm perpendicularly outward from rear surface 40 and 30 mm from the top and bottom ends of mounting rails 42 and 43 , with the critical dimension being that they are centered 20 mm apart from each other . two additional components in the assembly are not clearly visible in fig1 - 3 , spring 6 and spring retainer pin 7 , because they are obscured by lever arm assembly 2 . detail views of the tool head with jaws open ( fig1 ) and jaws closed ( fig1 ) expose the spring components . retractor spring 6 ( fig1 ) is a custom wound torsion spring made of 1 mm diameter music wire . torsion coil 61 is 4 coils with 6 mm inside diameter . front mounting coil 62 is 3 coils with 6 mm inside diameter at the end of a straight leg of 32 mm length extending from torsion coil 61 . rear mounting hook 63 is one half coil with 5 mm inside diameter at the end of a straight leg of 32 mm length extending from torsion coil 61 . the legs cross over each other at an angle of about 30 degrees . spring retainer pin 7 ( fig1 ) is a solid rod of mild steel 6 mm diameter and 31 mm length . all bolts are hex cap m6 × 1 thread and each is secured with an m6 × 1 thread nylon insert lock nut . front jaw 4 is mounted on the rear side of frame front arm 10 with the front surface facing toward the rear and is secured with bolts 48 and 49 of length 40 mm . lever arm assembly 2 and handle assembly 3 are secured together with bolts 37 and 38 of length 50 mm . lever arm assembly 2 is secured to the frame pivot hub with bolt 38 of length 50 mm . the lock nut for bolt 38 is tightened to the point where both bolt and nut make superficial contact with lever arm assembly 2 but allow freedom of movement for the lever arm assembly to pivot on frame 1 . jaw 5 is secured to lever arm assembly 2 with bolt 50 of length 40 mm through the jaw lower mounting hole . the lock nut for bolt 50 is tightened to the point where both bolt and nut make superficial contact with the outer faces of jaw 5 mounting rails but allow freedom of movement for the jaw to pivot on lever arm assembly 2 . retractor spring 6 is mounted between jaw 5 and frame rear arm 12 . spring rear hook 63 is inserted into frame spring mounting holes 18 and 19 with spring torsion coil 61 positioned upward . spring retainer pin 7 is inserted through upper mounting hole 46 of rail 42 of jaw 5 , then through spring front mounting coil 62 and finally into upper mounting hole 46 of rail 43 of jaw 5 so that spring mounting hook 62 is positioned between jaw 5 rails 42 and 43 . spring retainer pin 7 is press - fit into the jaw 5 mounting holes and is held in place by friction . spring retainer pin 7 length is slightly less than the distance between the outer faces of the jaw mounting rails so that when fully inserted both ends are inset slightly from the mounting rail faces to avoid interference with movement of the mounting rails between the arms of lever arm assembly 2 during operation of the tool . operation of the tool begins in rest position . in rest position no force is applied to handle 31 and the jaws are opened by retractor spring 6 as follows . retractor spring 6 pulls spring retainer pin 7 toward frame rear arm 12 , so that the top of jaw 5 moves toward frame rear arm 12 and lever arm assembly 2 while jaw 5 pivots on bolt 50 . when jaw 5 rear surface 40 comes into contact with lever arm assembly 2 , the top of jaw 5 cannot move any further relative to lever arm assembly 2 . retractor spring 6 then continues to pull jaw 5 and the bottom end of lever arm assembly 2 together toward frame rear arm 12 while lever arm assembly 2 pivots on bolt 8 . when lever arm assembly 2 comes into contact with rear arm 12 of frame 1 , the bottom end of lever arm assembly 2 cannot move any further relative to frame rear arm 12 . this is the rest position where the jaws are open to maximum separation from each other . to remove a weed , the tool is placed in rest position with foot 13 flat on earth 99 and with weed stem 98 between open jaws 4 and 5 ( fig1 , 14 ). for the most efficient operation the tool should be placed so that jaw 4 is initially in contact with weed 98 so that jaw 5 can close completely without the tool sliding on the foot to make contact between jaw 4 and weed stem 98 as described further below . the operator applies force to handle 31 toward the rear of the tool which causes lever arm assembly 2 to pivot on bolt 8 so that the top part of lever arm assembly 2 moves toward the rear of frame 1 and the lower part of lever arm assembly 2 moves toward the front of frame 1 . as the lower part of lever arm assembly 2 moves forward it pushes jaw 5 forward until the bottom edge of jaw 5 front surface 41 is in contact with weed stem 98 . as handle 31 continues to pivot on bolt 8 , jaw 5 pivots on bolt 50 so that the top part of jaw 5 moves toward the front of frame 1 , counteracting the pull of retractor spring 6 on retainer pin 7 . when jaw 5 pivots sufficiently , front surface 41 makes full contact with and conforms to the taper of weed stem 98 ( fig2 , 15 ), achieving maximum surface contact with weed stem 98 . at that point jaw 5 cannot pivot any further . if the tool was placed initially so that jaw 4 is not already in contact with weed 98 as indicated previously for most efficient operation of the tool , continued force on handle 31 causes the tool to slide on frame foot 13 across earth 99 , moving jaw 4 toward weed stem 98 until it makes contact with weed stem 98 . continued force on handle 31 results in tightening of jaw 4 and jaw 5 on weed stem 98 , compression of weed stem 98 structural material and intrusion of textured surfaces 41 peaks into weed stem 98 surface , further increasing gripping force and stability on weed stem 98 . with continued increase of force on handle 31 an equilibrium point is reached where compression , intrusion and foot movement cease and weed stem 98 is gripped optimally between jaw 4 and jaw 5 . at that point frame 1 begins to pivot on the bottom rear edge of foot 13 ( fig3 ), lifting the front end of frame 1 above earth 99 with weed stem 98 still gripped firmly between jaw 4 and jaw 5 , consequently pulling weed root 97 out of earth 99 . the operator then releases the force on handle 31 , and the tool returns to rest position with the jaws fully opened as described previously , releasing the uprooted weed and automatically prepared for the next operation on another weed . automatic jaw retraction and release of the uprooted weed permits rapid repetition of tool operation . for example in the first timed test with a prototype model of the tool in a dense field of teasel and poison hemlock plants ranging from about 120 cm to 200 cm tall , approximately 800 plants complete with roots were removed in 2 hours , on the order of 10 times as fast as the best rate at which such plants can normally be removed with generic pick and shovel tools .
a high performance weed pulling tool for removing the entire weed including the root comprises a rigid frame with a foot , two opposing jaws , a pivoting lever arm and an elongated handle . one jaw is attached to the frame in fixed position and the other jaw is attached to the lever arm . the handle operates the lever arm to close the jaws together and grip the weed stem . the greater handle length relative to the lever arm length below the frame pivot point provides a large gain in gripping and lifting forces . the rear jaw also pivots on the lever arm to conform the jaw surfaces to the taper of the weed stem for maximum surface contact while textured jaw surfaces maximize grip stability . the jaws self - retract when the handle is released allowing tool operation to be repeated rapidly for long periods of time with low fatigue for the operator .