the tips of each of the embodiments include surgical hand piece tips that are suited for ultrasonic phacoemulsification ( u - phaco ) type applications , irrigation / aspiration ( i / a ) type applications or both types of applications . turning to fig1 - 3 , kugeln tips in accordance with different embodiments of the invention are shown each with a face with pores directed backward toward the surgeon to facilitate the removal of hard - to - get cortex under the port of entry , which is usually the 12 o &# 39 ; clock cortex . in the case of fig1 , a funnel type kugeln tip is shown having a circular disc shaped globe 60 and an irrigation / aspiration shaft or needle 66 that extends within an infusion sleeve 16 . the shaft or needle 66 terminates into a funnel shape that diverges at a transition into a face of the circular disc shaped globe 60 . the pores 68 are directed backward and arranged in the face of the circular disc shaped globe 60 on the same side of the circular disc shaped globe 60 where the shaft or needle 66 funnels into the circular disc shaped globe 60 . there are no pores on the opposite side of the circular disc shape globe 60 . in the case of fig2 , a horseshoe style kugeln tip is shown with a horseshoe shaped globe 62 and an irrigation / aspiration shaft or needle 66 that extends within an infusion sleeve 16 . the shaft or needle 66 terminates into the horseshoe shaped globe 62 . the pores 68 are directed backward in the horseshoe shaped globe 62 on the same side of the horseshoe shaped globe 62 from which approaches the shaft or needle 66 to reach the horseshoe shaped globe 62 . there are no pores on the opposite side of the horseshoe shaped globe 62 . in the case of fig3 , an oblong “ retro ” style kugeln is shown having an oblong globe 64 with a longer backward reach that in the case of the embodiments of fig1 and 2 . the irrigation / aspiration shaft or needle 66 of fig3 extends within an infusion sleeve 16 and terminates into the oblong globe 64 . the oblong globe 64 has pores 68 that are directed backward on the same side of the oblong globe 64 that the shaft or needle 66 reaches the oblong globe 64 . there are no pores on the opposite side of the oblong globe 64 . turning to fig4 - 5 , the cross - bun or maltese cross guard tips 80 resemble conventional u - phaco and i / a tips the most out of all the embodiments and thus are likely the easiest to retool an existing tip manufacturing facility and thus the easiest for a conventional tip manufacturer to produce . both u - phaco and i / a type cross - bun or maltese cross guard tips 80 look somewhat alike in that the aspiration port of each is located dead front and each has a built - in guard that is all one - piece with the tip . the globe of the tip of the cross - bun or maltese cross type is constituted by a hollow base 86 the extends between proximal and distal ends with two wire arms 82 made of fine smooth micro wires that straddle crosswise the port 84 at the distal end of the hollow base 86 . they minimally bulge to appear slightly rounded and not sharp and connect to the edges of the port widened a bit , as if in shape of a maltese cross . the two wire arms 82 cross at 90 degrees across the port 84 , thereby dividing the port 84 into four smaller entrances that are each too small for the capsule to enter . the emulsified matter , however , flow faster around the wires , but then quickly join together to flow the full sized channel downstream of the wire part of he port to continue to be aspirated in accordance with the flow dynamics of conventional tips . this cross - bun or maltese cross type of tip may be considered that of a shaft tip with the aspiration prevented by wire guards from sucking in the capsule and iris . the proximal end of the cross - bun or maltese cross type tip is configured to fit to a hollow shaft in an airtight manner . the airtight manner is sufficiently tight for a suction force imparted into the hollow of the hollow shaft to suck divided cortical fibers of an epinucleus cortical material into the open distal end around the micro wires and then flow through the hollow of the base to reach the hollow of the hollow shaft . both the hollow shaft and the hollow base are constructed of materials sufficient to avoid their collapse upon being subjected to the suction force that is of a magnitude necessary for the divided cortical fibers to suck into the open distal end around the micro wires . turning to fig6 and 7 , two types of mulberry tips 90 , 92 are shown , i . e ., fig7 is for a straight phaceoemuslfication shaft and fig8 is for an indented phacoemulsification shaft . the size of the shaft for each type of mulberry tip 90 , 92 is the same as that of a shaft of a conventional phacoemulsification rounded tip 100 of fig9 . the conventional phacoemulsification rounded tip 100 in this example has an end that is to smooth and thus just compresses the cortex material to shrivel it up so it could be aspirated better . each mulberry tip 90 , 92 has a respective rounded surfacew protrustions 94 , 96 separated from each other by gaps or recesses 95 . the rounded surface protrusions 94 , 96 are configured to engage epinucleus cortical material to work as a “ battering ram ” to divide cortical fibers so they can become dislodged and be aspirated with more ease than for conventional aspiration / irrigation tips 100 of fig9 . for instance , the rounded surface protrusions 94 , 96 may take the form of a plurality of rounded protrusions that extend in a direction of elongation of the shaft ( from which the mulberry tip extends ). the rounded protrusions may be arranged concentric with a center axis of the tip and may be arranged in a symmetrical manner . further , there is a suction port 98 ( hole , port or opening ) for aspiration that should be sized to prevent sucking in the capsule during aspiration . the smooth , rounded surfaces of the tips form no regions of sharpness that might otherwise cut into the capsule during aspiration . for instance , there are intersecting planar surfaces in such smooth , rounded surfaces of the tips . the mulberry tip 90 , 92 of the present invention is fitted onto a hollow aspiration tube 112 of a conventional aspiration - irrigation instrument or handpiece for removal of the cortex through aspiration , which removal may or may not be in conjunction with femto [ second ] laser - assisted cataract surgery . the femto laser is operated to chop or cut the cortex as shown in fig9 and subsequently aspiration is carried out via a suction port 98 to remove the cortex . the mulberry tip 90 , 92 used in the manner of fig1 disrupts soft cortical material better than can be done for smoothly , rounded conventional aspiration / irrigation tips 100 used in the manner of fig1 . a side - by - side comparison of the surgical tools of fig1 and 11 are set forth in fig1 and 13 . initially , a femto laser beam creates a circular opening in the anterior capsule of the cataract . this circular opening is defined by an edge 104 of the capsule following previous capsularhesis ( see fig9 ). the femto laser beam 102 is then directed to scan a grid pattern as it passes through the circular opening defined by the edge 104 to core out the cataract contents 106 contained within the capsular bag and chops the cataract contents 106 ( that constitutes the nucleus of the cataract ) into chunky pieces 110 of fragmented , deconstructed nucleus ) but leaves a smooth , peripheral wall 108 that is more viscous than the softer , adjacent cortical tissue . the smooth , peripheral wall 108 borders around the outer periphery of the energy beam from the laser and lies adjacent to softer , cortical tissue that beyond the smooth , peripheral wall . indeed , the smooth , peripheral wall is in a somewhat glossy , coagulated state and may be considered an interface constituted by a cylindrical zone of coagulative remnants of cortical material . one might analogize the effect of the laser beam going through the cataract tissue with that of a pineapple core : the laser beam cubes the nucleus into small pieces but leaves the smooth , peripheral wall somewhat coagulated . turning to fig1 , a conventional aspiration - irrigation tool is shown having a conventional , smooth rounded tip 100 whose proximal end is secured to a distal end of an aspiration tube 112 in any conventional manner ( such as with engaging screw threads or friction fit ). one can appreciate that the rounded distal end of the conventional smooth , rounded tip 100 renders it difficult for it to grasp the cortex when brought into contact with the wall of the smooth cylinder . in a conventional manner , suction is imparted to the hollow tube 112 to suck in cut tissue through the suction port 98 . in a conventional manner , the proximal end of the smooth rounded tip 100 is secured to a distal end of a hollow aspiration tube 112 , such as with engaging screw threads or is friction fit as the case may be . there is also a surrounding concentric sleeve 16 for irrigating the region in the eye while aspiration is being carried out by directing irrigation fluid to flow in the space between the inner surface of the surrounding concentric sleeve 16 the outer surface of the hollow aspiration shaft 112 . turning to fig1 , the mulberry tip 90 , 92 of the present invention has no sharp edges — just rounded , surface protrusions 94 , 96 separated from each other by gaps or recesses . in a conventional manner , the proximal end of the mulberry tip 90 , 92 is secured to a distal end of a hollow aspiration tube 112 , such as with engaging screw threads or friction fit as the case may be . there is also a surrounding concentric sleeve 16 for irrigating the region in the eye while aspiration is being carried out by directing irrigation fluid to flow in the space between the inner surface of the surrounding concentric sleeve 16 the outer surface of the hollow aspiration shaft 112 . under manual force of sufficient magnitude being imparted to the mulberry tip 90 , 92 , the mulberry tip 90 , 92 is urged against a smooth , peripheral wall 108 to wedge cortical tissue of the smooth , peripheral wall 108 into the gaps or recesses that are between neighboring ones of the rounded , surface protrusions 94 , 96 . the mulberry tip 90 , 92 readily and easily scores and breaks up the smooth , peripheral wall 108 into crumbled , cortical pieces 114 by virtue of the collective action of the rounded surface protrusions 94 , 96 that are separated from each other by the gaps or recesses ( in effect defining indentations between neighboring ones of the rounded , surface protrusions 94 , 96 ). the rounded , surface protrusions 94 , 96 resemble a cobblestone layout when viewed from the front end so they can wedge in and loosen cortex tissue that is of a consistency of cream cheese ( or in any event more viscous than the adjacent , softer cortex tissue ). the loosened cortex tissue is then aspirated into the suction port 98 to enter and pass through the base tube and to reach the hollow aspiration tube 112 . the base tube lies between the surface port 98 and the hollow aspiration tube 112 and is in the vicinity of where the reference line for 90 , 92 touches in fig1 . the soft , fluffy cortex can then right away be sucked into the suction port 98 and thus be removed — in effect speeding up the cortical removal time over that where the conventional smoothly , rounded tip design is used . indeed , the protrusions are configured , by virtue of their rounded surfaces separated from each other by gaps or recesses 95 , to collectively and cooperatively engage with epinucleus cortical material under manual pressure and guidance to divide cortical fibers of the epinucleus cortical material . the mulberry tip 90 , 92 has a base tube and is elongated between proximal and distal ends and has the suction port 98 spaced from the proximal and distal ends . however , the base tube is hollow from the port to the proximal end , but need not be hollow all the way to the distal end . indeed , the protrusions are arranged at the distal end . the proximal end connects to the hollow shaft 112 in an airtight manner sufficient to enable a suction force , which is imparted within the hollow shaft 112 , to suck divided cortical fibers of epinucleus cortical material into the port and thereafter flow through the hollow of the mulberry tip 90 , 92 to enter the hollow of the hollow shaft . both the hollow shaft 112 and the hollow base ( between the suction port 98 and the proximal end ) are constructed of materials sufficient to avoid collapsing ( that would impede or block suction ) upon being subjected to the suction force that is of a magnitude necessary for the divided cortical fibers to suck into the port and thereafter flow through the hollow of the mulberry tip 90 , 92 to enter the hollow of the hollow shaft . any of the “ capsule friendly ” tips as depicted in all the embodiments of the present invention may be used as the irrigation - aspiration tips for all models and makes of conventional irrigation - aspiration handpieces utilizing in phacoemulsification consoles by conventional manufacturers . the choice of material for the “ capsule friendly ” tips of any of the embodiments of the present invention may include that of metal or hardened silicone . while the foregoing description and drawings represent the preferred embodiments of the present invention , it will be understood that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention .
a surgical tool that includes a tip with a smooth , rounded edges and free of any sharp edges . the tip may have pores on its top , but none on the underside of its base . the distal end may have an open port with micro wires that form a maltese cross shape . the distal end may be instead closed with protrusions spaced from each other by gaps or recesses .