fig1 shows a modular furniture system 10 according to the present invention . the system 10 features a grid - like base frame 12 atop which a plurality of support - surface components 14 can be engaged to the frame in a variety of different positions and orientations relative to one another so as give the owner of the system control over the overall shape of the piece of furniture to be formed by the system 10 . the base 12 defines a two - dimensional rectangular array of engagement sites , at each of which one of the plurality of surface components 14 engages the frame 12 . each engagement site is defined by a projection 16 formed at the intersection of frame members defining the grid like base frame 12 . a linear array of slots extend into each of the plurality of surface components 14 from a bottom surface thereof to receive respective ones of the upward extending projections 16 within the rectangular array of engagement sites provided by the base 12 . the slots and projections are shaped to allow one of the plurality of support - surface components to be lowered over any one projection in any one of four possible orientations spaced ninety degrees about a longitudinal axis of the projection . in other words , a component can be engaged to a projection for mounting on the base frame to extend along either a row or a column of the array of engagement sites in which the projection is located and in either direction along this row or column . in the illustrated embodiment , the base frame 12 is made up of two identical sections 12 a , 12 b . as shown in fig2 , each section is made up of three first frame members 18 and three second frame members 20 . the first frame members 18 are spaced apart , parallel and longitudinally aligned with one another . the second frame members 20 are spaced apart , parallel and longitudinally aligned with one another and are perpendicular to the first frame members 18 . shown in fig3 and 4 respectively , the first and second frame members 18 , 20 are nearly identical . each first frame member 18 is a plate having the form of three identical and integral sections 18 a connected end - to - end and each being generally a - shaped . each a - shaped section 18 a comprises a pair of legs 18 b converging upward on opposites sides of any empty space or generally triangular notch 18 c above which the integral legs 18 b meet . a linear vertical slot 18 d projects upward from the notch 18 c toward , but not reaching , the peak 18 e of the a - shaped section where the legs 18 b join . along a partial length of the legs 18 b extending upward from the bottom 18 f of the frame member 18 , feet 18 g project laterally outward from the legs 18 b . each second frame member 20 is similar , having three identical and integral a - shaped sections 20 a , each with legs 20 b converging upward from feet 20 g projecting laterally outward therefrom at the bottom edge 20 f at a distance below the peak of the triangular notch 20 c . the second frame member 20 differs in that the slot 20 d does not extend upward from the peak of the notch 20 c , but rather extends downward from the peak 20 e of the a - shaped section toward , but not reaching , the notch 20 c . as shown in the figures , the corners of the plate structured base frame members 18 , 20 may be rounded to prevent sharp points . as shown in fig2 , the first and second base frame members 18 , 20 intersect at the peaks 18 e , 20 e of their a - shaped sections 18 a , 20 a . with the elongate plate - shaped first and second members perpendicular to one another , the slots 18 d , 20 d of their a - shaped sections are axially aligned and the first member 18 is lowered onto the second member 20 along the slot 20 d thereof until the ends 18 h , 20 h of the two engaging slots 18 d , 20 d contact to prevent further relative sliding between the two base frame members . the lengths of the slots 18 d , 20 d are such that when the first and second frame members 18 , 20 are fully engaged by their cooperation , the peaks 18 e , 20 e of the frame members 18 , 20 are at generally the same height . as the first and second base frame members 18 , 20 are identical except for the slots 18 d , 20 d , the inter - member spacing of the set of first members 18 is the same as that of the set of second members 20 . the intersection of a first frame member 18 with a second frame member 20 at the engaging slotted a - shaped sections 18 a , 20 a thereof defines a respective one of the projections 16 in the two dimensional array . the upward angling of the legs 18 b , 20 b of the a - shaped sections from the feet 18 g , 20 g engaging the ground surface on which the base is assembled at the bottom edges 18 f , 20 f means that these legs project upward from the rest of the base frame 12 to form tapered projections narrowing in the upward direction . the perpendicular intersection of the base frame members 18 , 20 gives these tapered projections 16 a cross - shaped cross section . as shown in fig2 , the base frame section 12 a resulting from the engagement of frame members 18 , 20 of equal length in the grid defining fashion described above is square in plan . however , for use in assembling an elongate piece of furniture as shown in fig1 , the two identical base frame sections 12 a , 12 b are simply coupled together at meeting ends thereof . additional frame sections may be similarly added to the uncoupled ends or sides of the two sections shown to expand the footprint of the furniture . alternatively , one of the two sections may be removed to reduce the base to one section to produce a small piece of furniture . each section rests atop a ground surface at the bottom edges 18 f , 20 f of the feet 18 g , 20 g so that the plate - like frame members project perpendicularly upward from the ground surface . the perpendicular grid forming engagement of the frame members 18 , 20 provides stability despite the relatively narrow bottom edges 18 f , 20 f on which the structure stands . looking at fig5 , in which the plurality of support - surface components are shown grouped together and stacked into a compact storage configuration , three slots 22 extend into each of the plurality of components from a bottom face thereof ( bottom referring to the lowermost face when the component is engaged to the base 12 , not the lowermost face in the storage configuration of fig5 ). each slot 22 has a cross - shaped cross section to receive the cross - shaped cross section of the projections 16 of the base 12 formed by the intersection of the perpendicular base frame members 18 , 20 . the slots 22 are linearly spaced along the bottom face with two of the four branches of each cross - shaped slot lying on a central longitudinal axis of the bottom face . the use of the right - angle cross - shaped cross section for the projections 16 and slots 22 ensures that when one of the plurality of support - surface components 14 is lowered into engagement with the base 14 , it will extend parallel to either a row or a column of the two - dimensional rectangular array of projections 16 in which the projection sliding into the slot lies . this cross section also allows the component to extend in either direction along the row or column from the projection to which it is engaged . as all the projections 16 are identical , as are the slots 22 , the user thus has the ability to select from a number of various positions or orientations for a component relative to the base 12 . this particular cross section also blocks significant relative rotation of a slot and a projection engaged therein . in the illustrated embodiment , relative rotation of a component about a projection axis is prevented anyhow the engagement of each component with multiple projections . the peaks 18 e , 20 e of the frame members 18 , defining the projections 16 are rounded or flattened so that the components do not sit atop a sharp point . the bottom surfaces of the components rest on or just above the top edges of the feet 18 g , 20 g projecting from the legs 18 b , 20 b of the a - shaped sections of the frame members 18 , 20 when the components are slid onto the projections 16 . it should be appreciated that base frames of alternate collapsible structure may be used to provide an array of projections upon which components may be mounted in various positions and orientations and that straight - edged cross sections other than the cross - shape may similarly prevent relative rotation between a projection and the slot engaged thereabout . however , such shapes may not be able to allow selective alignment with a row or column or may not be able to restrict orientation of the component about the projection axis to alignment with a row or column . for example , similar triangular cross sections for the projections and slots would prevent rotation once engaged , but as the sides of a triangle are not perpendicular , a user would be limited to possible alignment with only a row or only a column of the rectangular array . square cross sections would ensure alignment and allow orientation along a row or column . octagonal cross sections would allow orientation along a row or column , but would not automatically ensure alignment therewith by mere sliding of the slot over the projection . also , the cross - shaped cross section can be provided using the easy to manufacture , easy to assemble , easy to disassemble and tightly packing flat plate frame members 18 , 20 . as shown in fig1 , the illustrated embodiment features four l - shaped components 24 , each comprising a cylindrical base portion 26 of rectangular cross section and a projecting cylindrical portion 28 also of rectangular cross section projecting perpendicularly from an end of the base portion 26 . when the slots 22 in the bottom face of the component are lowered into engagement with projections 16 of the base 12 , the base portion 26 of the l - shaped component 24 extends along a base frame member and the projecting portion 28 projects upward away therefrom . a top face 28 a of the projection portion 28 distal to the base portion 26 is thus elevated above a top face 26 a of the base portion opposite the bottom face 24 a of the component from which the slots 22 extend thereinto . the plurality of support - surface components 14 is completed by two cylindrical components of rectangular cross section , a short rectangular component 30 and a tall rectangular component 32 . the short rectangular component 30 has a height equal to that of the base portion 26 of each l - shaped component 24 so that a top face 30 a of the short rectangular component 30 is flush with the top face 26 a of the base portion when the components are engaged to the base 12 . the tall rectangular component 32 has a height equal to that of each l - shaped component 24 so that a top face 32 a of the tall rectangular component 32 is flush with the top face 28 a of the projecting portion 28 when the components are engaged to the base 12 . fig9 shows the same view as fig1 , but with the plurality of components 14 having been lowered into engagement with the base 12 with each component extending along a respective row of the rectangular two - dimensional projection array , or in other words , widthwise across the base along a respective one of the frame members . the piece of furniture defined with the tall rectangular component 32 and short rectangular component 30 at opposite lengthwise ends of the base with the l - shaped components 24 between them may be considered to be a one - armed sofa . the top face 32 a of the tall rectangular component 32 defines the one arm rest at one end and the projecting portions 28 of the l - shaped components 24 define a back of the sofa extending toward the opposite end from the arm rest . the top faces 26 a of the base portions 26 of the l - shaped components 24 and the top face 30 a of the short rectangular component define a seating surface upon which a person may sit , lie or otherwise rest . fig6 and 7 illustrate the structure of the l - shaped components of the illustrated embodiment . each component includes three separable layers . an l - shaped core 34 of rotationally molded plastic defines the main body of the l - shaped component 24 . molded or otherwise shaped foam provides a padding layer 36 immediately surrounding the core 34 on all sides thereof except for being left open over a bottom face 34 a thereof . the padding layer 36 is thicker along the top surfaces 26 a , 28 a of the base and projecting portions 26 of the l - shaped component 24 , 28 to increase a cushioning effect at these thicker areas 36 a , 36 b which are potentially used to define seating surfaces and armrests . outside the padding layer 26 on a side thereof opposite the core 34 , is a covering layer 38 of fabric sewn to be form fitting over the core and padding layer 36 to shroud them , except for likewise being open at the bottom surface 34 a of the core 34 . as shown in fig5 to 7 , a panel or plate 40 may be secured to the bottom surface 34 a of the core 34 to define the bottom surface 24 a of the component , the slots 22 extending through the panel 40 into the core 34 . the panel 40 reinforces the opening of each slot to prevent wear and damage to the core 34 when lowering the component onto a projection 16 of the base 12 and is secured to the core using fasteners 42 , such as screws threaded into the core through the plate 40 . each being open at the bottom face 34 a of the core 34 , the padding layer 36 and the covering layer 38 each have a slip - cover structure which allows easy installation and removal of one or both of the layers , which are not fastened together and thus are completely separable . the padding layer 36 is simply slipped over the core 34 with the covering layer 38 then being slipped over the core and padding combination . this allows easy replacement of the layers , either together or separately , when desired by the owner , for example in response to significant wear of one or both layers or to change the appearance of the components by replacing the covering layer with fabric of another colour or pattern . as the cores and a base made of metal or other strong durable reliable material should last an extremely long time , the life of the modular furniture system may be extended simply by replacing the padding and covering in response to wear . the replacement of these layers also increases the owner &# 39 ; s ability to change the appearance of the furniture defined by the system . the covers for the rectangular components are similar to those for the l - shaped components with a hollow interior and open end , except they have a more simplistic rectangular shape due to the lack of a projecting portion . this lack of a two tier structure with two distinct upper surfaces at different heights also means that only a single thicker portion of padding is provided , along the unitary upper surface of the rectangular component . it should be appreciated that the modular furniture system 10 of the present invention need not be limited to use as a sofa , or even limited to particular use as a seating system . indeed the modular furniture system may be used to provide support surfaces for purposes other than seating , and therefore may define such things as a table , a stand , or an entertainment center and should not be limited to in - home use . where the system is not intended for seating use , the thicker portions 36 a , 36 b of the padding layer , or even the entire padding layer , may not be necessary . even when not used for seating , the use of an outer covering layer however does allow quick and easy changing of pattern or colour . the components used to define support surfaces arrangeable atop the base may be of alternate shapes or structure , and alternate materials that may be suitable for use in the modular furniture system will be appreciated by those of skill in the art . fig5 shows the plurality of support - surface components 14 grouped together in a compact face - to - face configuration including stacking of layers of the components atop one another . the top two layers 44 , 46 of the stack are each formed by a pair of the l - shaped components 24 laid on their sides . the top surface 28 a of the projecting portion 28 of each l - shaped component 24 in one layer mates flush against the top surface 26 a of the base portion 26 of the other l - shaped component at an end of this top surface 26 a opposite the distal to the projecting portion of the same component . this defines a rectangular layer having a rectangular opening or hole in the center thereof . the bottom layer 48 of the stack is a rectangular layer of the same outer dimensions formed by the short and long rectangular components 30 , 32 laid on their sides with a top or bottom face of one resting flush against the top or bottom face of the other . the resulting stack has a cylindrical periphery and a rectangular cross section . using fig1 as a reference , all the components have the same length , and the sum of the height of an l - shaped component and the height of a base portion of another l - shaped component is equal to this common length . all the components also have the same width , which is one third of the common length . comparing this information to the stacked arrangement of the components in fig5 , the outer shape of the stack defines a cube . the height of the stack ( the sum of three component widths from fig1 ), the depth of the stack ( the length of any one component from fig1 ) and the width of the stack ( the sum of the height of one l - shaped component and the height of the base portion of one l - shaped component from fig1 ) are all equal . the cube of fig5 is of significantly less volume than a rectangular box needed to enclose the plurality of components 14 when in the sofa - defining configuration shown in fig9 , due to the empty space shown in fig9 above the seat - defining surfaces 26 a , 30 a but below the armrest and back defining surfaces 28 a , 32 a . having the components groupable into this reduced volume configuration makes the system easer to handle and less costly to transport and reduces fuel consumption by helping reduce empty volume within shipping containers , thereby increasing the number of articles transportable at one time in a single transport vehicle . as shown in fig9 , the flat plate - like frame members used to form the grid - like frame 12 each have a length not exceeding that of the support - surface components , and so a box or container only slightly larger in one dimension than the cube - like stack of the components in the transport configuration can also contain the frame members . fig8 shows a tabletop component 60 of the modular furniture system formed of a square plate having an area generally equal to that of one of the base frame sections 12 a , 12 b . two sets of three spaced apart parallel grooves 62 , 64 are formed in a bottom surface 66 of the plate with the two sets arranged perpendicular to one another to form a grid pattern having the same dimensions as the grid or array defined by the base 12 . in other words , each intersection 68 of two perpendicular grooves 62 , 64 aligns with a projection 16 of the base when the tabletop 60 is lowered onto a three - by - three portion of the array of projections 16 such that the periphery of the tabletop 60 is generally aligned with the periphery of this square portion of the array . the tabletop 60 can be engaged atop the base 12 in place of three adjacent l - shaped or rectangular components to form a table portion of the piece of furniture . the cross - shaped projections 16 extend upward into the cross - shaped recesses formed at the intersection of the grooves 62 , 64 in the bottom surface of the tabletop component 60 , like the slot and projection cooperation of the l - shaped or rectangular components 24 , 30 , 32 with the base 12 , to prevent movement and rotation in the plane in which it rests atop the base 12 . the perpendicular intersecting grooves 62 , 64 provide a cross - shaped slot at each intersection 68 , but it should be appreciated that the full length grooves 62 , 64 extending fully across the tabletop 60 may be replaced with cross shaped recesses at positions thereon corresponding to the groove intersections , thereby creating a three - by - three two dimensional rectangular array of cross - shaped slots or recesses centrally located in the bottom surface 66 of the plate rather than a full grid pattern spanning the entire tabletop surface . the tabletop component 60 may be opaque , transparent or translucent and may be made from a number of suitable materials known to those of skill in the art , including metals , plastics and glass . similar to the removable replaceable covers of the l - shaped and rectangular support surface components , substitution of one tabletop component for another allows a user to easily change the appearance of the piece of furniture , not only be changing relative positioning of the various components on the base , but also by substituting tabletop components of different materials , colours , patterns or slot - forming arrangements ( i . e . a full grid pattern versus unconnected cross - shaped recesses ). the tabletop has generally the same dimensions as a face of the stacked cube in fig5 , and so can be easily incorporated into the same package as the stacked cube of cushioned components and the unassembled frame members 18 , 20 with minimal increase in package volume . fig9 to 14 show support surface components , chosen from among the l - shaped , rectangular and tabletop components 24 , 30 , 32 and 60 , engaged atop the base in different positions and orientations relative to one another , thereby forming different furniture configurations . fig9 shows the modular furniture system 10 used to define a sofa - like piece of furniture having one arm rest and a backless open end opposite the end with the arm rest . this configuration uses both base frame sections 12 a and 12 b and has each of the plurality of components 14 extending cross - wise to the frame to engage a respective row of projections . fig1 shows the modular furniture system 10 used to define a two - seat piece of furniture in which a pair of l - shaped components 24 defines one back - equipped seat on a first side of the tall rectangular component 32 . a second seat is defined on an opposite side of the tall rectangular component 32 by two adjacent l - shaped components 24 adjacent the tall rectangular component and the short rectangular component 30 adjacent the two l - shaped components on a side thereof opposite the tall rectangular component 32 . each component extends cross - wise to the frame to engage a respective row of projections and the l - shaped components are oriented in the same direction so that their projecting portions 26 define backs of the two seats along a common side of the frame 12 . the short rectangular component 30 extends the seating surface of the second seat passed the back - equipped portion define by the l - shaped components to the respective end of the furniture piece . fig1 shows the modular furniture system 10 used to define another two - seat piece of furniture . unlike the configuration described above , here some of the plurality of components 14 extend cross - wise to the frame along a respective row , while others extend lengthwise along columns of the frame . at one end , the tall rectangular component 32 defines an armrest of the first seat , the remainder of which is formed by two adjacent l - shaped components 24 filling the remainder of the first base frame section 12 a having their projecting portions 26 define a seat back along one side of the frame . the second seat has two adjacent l - shaped components 24 projecting laterally from the first seat at the back - defining end thereof . the short rectangular component 30 extends parallel to these laterally projecting l - shaped components from an end of the first seat opposite the back thereof defined by the projecting portions of the first seat &# 39 ; s l - shaped components . a person may sit on the second seat facing the same direction as someone sitting in the first seat , or may face an opposite or lateral direction relative thereto , the projecting portions of the second seat l - shaped components defining either a seat back or arm rest depending on what direction the seated person chooses to face . the projecting portion of the l - shaped component in the middle of the second seat also defines a partial armrest of the first seat . fig1 shows the modular furniture system 10 used to define a seat and table piece of furniture . at one end , a seat is defined on the first base frame section 12 a in the same manner as the first seat of the configuration shown in fig1 and described above . on the second base frame section 12 b , the tabletop component 60 is engaged atop the projections thereof to define a table immediately adjacent the seat . fig1 shows the modular furniture system 10 used to define another seat and table piece of furniture . here a back - equipped armless seat is defined at one end by two adjacent l - shaped components 24 extending cross - wise to the frame along a row of projections . the tabletop component 60 overlies the adjacent three rows , i . e . the remaining row of the second base frame section 12 b and two of the three rows of the first base frame section 12 a . at the other end of the furniture piece along the remaining unused row of the first base frame section 12 a , the short rectangular component 30 is disposed to define a narrow , flat cushioned seat or other support surface . fig1 shows use of only the first base frame section 12 a , with the other section uncoupled therefrom either for use elsewhere to define a second pieces of furniture or disassembled into its flat frame members 18 , 20 for compact storage . three components are used to define a single seat atop the first base frame section 12 a . the three parallel components include two adjacent l - shaped components 24 oriented in the same direction and the short rectangular component 30 parallel and adjacent thereto . the two projecting portions 26 of the l - shaped components 24 define either an arm rest or seat back depending on where the user chooses to sit and what direction he / she chooses to face . fig9 to 14 show the adaptability provided by the modular furniture system to allow for changes in shape in response to a desired change in appearance or function . in the illustrated embodiment , each component is about 30 inches long and 10 inches wide . the l - shaped components and the tall rectangular components are about 20 inches high , with the short rectangular component being 10 inches high . the cube into which the l - shaped and rectangular components are stackable due to their flat , perpendicular outer surfaces that can be mated in flush face - to - face arrangements is thus about 30 inches by 30 inches by 30 inches . the frame members 18 , 20 are about 30 inches long with the projections formed thereby when assembled being about 10 inches apart center - to - center along each row or column in the array formed . as the l - shaped and rectangular components are 10 inches wide and mounted centered on the projections , adjacent components thus fill the space between the projections of the array . the padding layer and cover are about 4 inches thick at the thicker padding areas , and are about 0 . 5 inches thick elsewhere . the cores are thus about 9 inches wide , about 6 inches and 16 inches high at the base portions and projecting portions respectively of the l - shaped components , about 6 inches high in the short rectangular component and about 16 inches high in the tall rectangular component . the tabletop components is about 30 inches by 30 inches . the entire modular furniture system can thus be shipped in a rectangular container not much larger than 30 inches by 30 inches by 30 inches . it should be appreciated that the structure , dimensions and shapes of the components and base may be somewhat altered while still providing the adaptable or collapsible advantageous of the present invention . for example , the number of slots provided in each component does not necessarily need to equal the width of the array of projections , as smaller components of different shapes may be used to increase the number of potential configurations . since various modifications can be made in my invention as herein above described , and many apparently widely different embodiments of same made within the spirit and scope of the claims without department from such spirit and scope , it is intended that all matter contained in the accompanying specification shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense .
a modular furniture system comprises a frame adapted to define a plurality of engagement sites and a plurality of components removably engagable to the frame at the plurality of engagement sites to define a piece of furniture . each component is engagable to the frame at different positions thereon to facilitate a change in shape of the piece of furniture by rearrangement of the plurality of components relative to one another . the plurality of components are shaped and sized to be groupable together into a storage configuration when not engaged to the frame . in the storage configuration , the components are enclosable in a rectangular volume of lesser size than when engaged to the frame . each component comprises a core body and a removable cover that shrouds the core with the plurality of components engaged to the base .