For affine schemes, there are contravariant maps V(-) and I(-) that create a bijection between irreducible closed subsets of the affine scheme and prime ideals of the ring that is the ring of global sections of that scheme (i.e. points on the affine scheme).


What happens to V(-) and I(-) when we take an arbitrary scheme (not assuming it is Noetherian or quasicompact)?


In particular, given a point p of a scheme X, can we find an irreducible closed subset of X that corresponds to p, such that the correspondence is a bijection, the way we could with affine schemes?



Generalization of V(-) and I(-) to arbitrary schemes
Given any scheme $X$, there is a bijective correspondence between quasi-coherent ideal sheaves on $X$ and closed subschemes of $X$. (See Hartshorne's *Algebraic Geometry*, Proposition II.5.9.) When we restrict to affine schemes, this correspondence is given by the usual $V(-)$ and $I(-)$ once we identify quasi-coherent ideal sheaves on an affine scheme with their corresponding ideals (there is also an equivalence of categories between these; see Hartshorne, Corollary II.5.5 for the general case of $A$-modules and quasi-coherent $\mathcal{O}\_{\operatorname{Spec}(A)}$-modules, and note that this sends ideals of $A$ to quasi-coherent ideal sheaves on $\operatorname{Spec}(A)$ and vice versa).


All schemes are [sober spaces](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sober_space), meaning that every irreducible closed subset is the closure of a unique point, exactly like for affine schemes.


