In classical algebra, there is a notion of "monoid rings" such that the functor taking monoids to the monoid rings is the left adjoint to the forgetful functor from the category of commutative rings to that of commutative monoids forgetting the addition. Moreover, there is an equivalence between the category of representations of a monoid and the category of the monoid ring of the monoid.


Question 1:
Let a functor $F$ from the $\infty$-category of $E\_\infty$-rings of spectra to the $\infty$-category of $E\_\infty$-spaces be the functor post-compositing infinitely looping functor $\Omega^\infty$(we see algebras as $\infty$-operad maps and $\Omega^\infty:Sp \rightarrow S$ is a lax monoidal functor). Then, is there a right adjoint functor to $F$? ($Sp$ is the $\infty$-category of spectra and $S$ is the $\infty$-category of spaces.)


Question 2:
If the Question 1 is true, then we will denote the functor by $\mathbb{S}[-]$. Let $M$ be an $E\_\infty$-space. Is there an equivalence between the $\infty$-category $Fun(BM, Sp)$ of repesentations of $M$ and the $\infty$-category $Mod\_{\mathbb{S}[M]}(Sp)$ of modules of the monoid ring $\mathbb{S}[M]$? ($BM$ is an $\infty$-category which has a single object $\*$ and $Map(\*, \*)$ = $M$ as $A\_\infty$-spaces.)



Higher categorical analogue of the equivalence between the category of representations of a monoid and the category of the monoid ring of the monoid
I think you made a sign mistake, and asked for a left adjoint to $\Omega^\infty$ since the monoid ring is a left along to the forgetful functor. 


If so then the answer is yes. $\Sigma^\infty\_+:\mathrm{Space}→\mathrm{Spectra}$ is a symmetric monoidal left adjoint, so it can be extended to an adjunction
$$\Sigma^\infty\_+:\mathrm{CAlg}(\mathrm{Space})→\mathrm{CAlg}(\mathrm{Spectra})\dashv \Omega^\infty:\mathrm{CAlg}(\mathrm{Spectra})→\mathrm{CAlg}(\mathrm{Space})$$
(see *Higher Algebra*, 7.3.2.13). The functor $\Sigma^\infty\_+$ is what you want to call $\mathbb{S}[-]$.


The answer to your question 2 is also true, since $\mathrm{Fun}(BM,\mathrm{Spectra})$ has a compact generator ($\mathbb{S}[M]$ with the obvious $M$-action, which represents simply the evaluation at the basepoint of $BM$) and then you can just apply Schwede-Shipley Morita theory.


