I have heard during a discussion that there is a well known relation between the stable homotopy groups of a sphere (more precisely the order of stable homotopy groups of localized sphere spectrum with respect to some homology theory $E$) and the values of the zeta function at some integers.


$$ |\pi\_{i}^{s}L\_{E}\mathbb{S}| =^{?} \zeta(-n)$$
I'm not sure that I understood well, I will be glad if someone can explain this relation. 



stable homotopy groups and zeta function
Here is a slightly more fleshed out version of my comment. Let $K(1)$ be the first [Morava $K$-theory](http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/Morava+K-theory). When $p$ is odd one can calculate the homotopy groups of the $K(1)$-localised sphere spectrum to be 
$$
\pi\_nL\_{K(1)}\mathbb{S} = \begin{cases}
\mathbb{Z}\_p, &n=0,1\\
\mathbb{Z}/p^{\nu\_p(t')+1} & n=2(p-1)t'-1, t' \in \mathbb{Z}.
\end{cases}
$$
Here $\nu\_p(x)$ is the $p$-adic valuation of $x$. 


Following [Adams](http://math1.unice.fr/~cazanave/Gdt/ImJ/J-II.pdf) define a function $m(l)$ by 
$$
\nu\_p(m(l)) = \begin{cases}
0 & l \not \equiv 0 \mod (2(p-1)) \\
1+ \nu\_p(l) & l \equiv 0 \mod (2(p-1)).
\end{cases}
$$
Adams shows (following Milnor and Kervaire) that $m(2s)$ is the denominator of $\beta\_{2s}/4s$, where $\beta\_s$ is the $s$-th Bernoulli number, and the fraction is expressed in the lowest possible form. 


Using standard properties of $\nu\_p(x)$ there is an equivalence $\nu\_p(t')+1 = \nu\_p((n+1)/2)+1$. Since $(n+1)/2 \equiv 0 \mod (2(p-1))$ we see
$$
\nu\_p(m\left(2\cdot \frac{n+1}{4}\right)) = \nu\_p((n+1)/2)+1 
$$
and so the order of $\pi\_nL\_{K(1)}S^0$ is the denominator of $\beta\_{(n+1)/2}/(n+1)$. 


**Edit:** Let me try and say something about the image of $J$ then. This is a homomoprhism $J:\pi\_nSO \to \pi\_n\mathbb{S}$. When $n=4k-1$ the order of the image of $J$ is cyclic of order the denominator of $\beta\_{2k}/4k$. Let $\text{Im}(J\_n)\_p$ denote the image of the composite $\pi\_nSO \to \pi\_n\mathbb{S} \to \pi\_n \mathbb{S}\_{(p)}$. I believe this is meant to be isomorphic to $\pi\_nL\_{K(1)}\mathbb{S}$ for $n>1$. 


