Let $T$ be a bounded operator on a Banach space $X$ and suppose that there is a non-constant polynomial $p$ such that $p(T) = 0$. It seems to be well known that the spectrum of such an operator coincides with the point spectrum and consists of finite order poles of the resolvent, only. But I can not find any citable reference for this fact. 


However, it is not hard to see for me that the spectrum coincides with the point spectrum and that is contained in the set of zeroes of $p$ and hence isolated. But I have no clue, why each of this spectral point is a pole of finite order of the resolvent of $T$. 



Spectral properties of operators mapped to zero by some polynomial
Take the annihilating polynomial and shift its argument by $\lambda I$. That is, define the polynomials $q$ and $q\_0$ by the identity $$(T-\lambda I) q(\lambda,T-\lambda I) - q\_0(\lambda) I = p((T-\lambda I) + \lambda I).$$ Then your hypothesis $p(T)=0$ implies the following formula for the resolvent: $$(T-\lambda I)^{-1} = \frac{q(\lambda, T-\lambda I)}{q\_0(\lambda)}.$$ It is now obvious that the poles of the resolvent only come from the vanishing of the scalar polynomial denominator $q\_0(\lambda)$, which I think should be sufficient for your purposes.


This argument is a variant of the classic one for writing the inverse of a matrix using its characteristic polynomial and applying the [Cayley-Hamilton](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley%E2%80%93Hamilton_theorem) theorem. I don't know the literature on spectral theory well enough to guess where someone might have written down this specific argument.


