In his [exposé](http://www1.cpm.upmc.fr/videotheque/differe.php?collec=S_C_galois&video=9) at the [Galois bicentenary conference](http://www.galois.ihp.fr/), [Serre](http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN/all/historique/essai.htm) makes two references which are not quite explicit. 


The first reference occurs (at 22:30 in the video) when he is talking about Dedekind's XIth supplement to Dirichlet's *Vorlesungen* and says that a certain French graduate text on number fields is essentially based on that supplement. 


**Question** Which book is he referring to ?


I think it is Pierre Samuel's *Théorie algébrique des nombres*, but would like to hear other people's opinions.


The second reference occurs (at 47:00 in the video) when he is discussing Artin's general reciprocity law and says that its formulation was so simple that apparently his contemporaries did not quite believe it.


**Question** Which arithmeticians does Serre have in mind ?


I believe he is thinking of Hasse in particular. Artin is [reported](https://mathoverflow.net/questions/13233/remark-in-milnes-class-field-theory-notes/13242#13242) to have said that Hasse told him that the conjectural general reciprocity law couldn't possibly be true. 


Which other mathematicians of the time expressed their disbelief (before Artin actually proved his own conjecture) ? 



Two implicit references in Serre's *Groupes de Galois : le cas abélien*
I certainly don't claim that I can answer your questions authoritatively , but here are two small remarks. 


1) Samuel's book is certainly an excellent guess: it is actually the only textbook in French I can think of entirely devoted to elementary algebraic number theory. 


2) There was a preliminary draft of a text by Bourbaki to be inserted in His Commutative Algebra, called *Contre-Rédaction de la Différente, rédaction n°410*.  

It was written by Samuel, and Bourbaki's étiquette was that if one of His collaborators had written a text that was not to be integrated in the corresponding volume in a foreseeable future, then that person was free to publish it on his own. 


Precedents include Lang's book on the cohomology of groups, and Godement's classic on sheaf theory.  

Acknowledgment would be given in some coded way like Godement's amusing:  

*Il est bien évident que ce livre n'aurait jamais vu le jour sans l'aide précieuse et les encouragements enthousiastes (quoique partiellement intéressés) que nous ont prodigué [sic] certains géomètres et tout spécialement N.Bourbaki ...* 


This applies to the case at hand: Samuel's book is quite similar to Bourbaki's draft, with obvious changes stemming from the fact that of course Samuel couldn't use sophisticated tools, like étale algebras, used in the draft.  

 Samuel writes *...I want particularly to thank the master of my generation,N.Bourbaki,who has had the kindness to show me his unpublished manuscripts...* 


