Let $(X, \Sigma)$ denote a measurable space. Is there a non-trivial $\sigma$-algebra $\Sigma^1$ of subsets of $\Sigma$ so that $(\Sigma, \Sigma^1)$ is also a measurable space? 




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Here is one natural candidate. I'm not certain, but based on answers to related questions, I think this might be the Effros Borel structure that Gerald Edgar has mentioned [**here**](https://mathoverflow.net/questions/1388/is-there-a-natural-measures-on-the-space-of-measurable-functions/1427#1427) and [**here**](https://mathoverflow.net/questions/104305/nice-sigma-algebra-on-set-of-measurable-functions/104315#104315).


The $\sigma$-algebra $\Sigma$ is an ordered set under the canonical relation given by subset inclusion $\subseteq$, and is therefore naturally equipped with a specialization topology. The closed sets are generated by downward-closed sets, and the closure of a singleton is its down-set:$$\overline{\{A\}} = \{ B \in \Sigma : B \subseteq A \}.$$ Even though this topology is highly non-Hausdorff, it's still pretty nice. For example, it's an Alexandroff space: arbitrary unions of closed sets are closed. 


Being a topological space, $\Sigma$ now has a natural measurable structure, namely, the one generated by the Borel $\sigma$-algebra $\Sigma^1 := \mathcal B\_{\subseteq}(\Sigma)$. 


* Is this space $(\Sigma, \Sigma^1)$ a reasonable one on which to do measure theory and probability?


Whether it is or not, there's some non-trivial structure present. For example, we can iterate this procedure. Set $\Sigma^0 = \Sigma$, and define $\Sigma^n := \mathcal B\_{\subseteq}(\Sigma^{n-1}).$ Then each one of these spaces $\Sigma^n(X) := (\Sigma^{n}, \Sigma^{n+1})$ is measurable.


* Is $\Sigma : \mathrm{Meas} \to \mathrm{Meas}$ an endofunctor on the category of measurable spaces?
* Under what conditions does the sequence of measurable spaces $\Sigma^n(X)$ have a limit $\Sigma^{\infty}(X)$?



Is there a natural measurable structure on the $\sigma$-algebra of a measurable space?
If $(X,\Sigma)$ is a measurable space, I think you are asking for a $\sigma$-algebra structure on $|\Sigma|$, the underlying set of $\Sigma$. We can identify this set with the set of measurable functions
$$|\Sigma|\cong \text{Hom}\_{\text{Meas}}\;(X,2),$$
where $2$ is a two-point space with discrete $\sigma$-algebra. 


Thus it suffices to prove a more general result: that $\text{Meas}$ is a [closed monoidal category](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_monoidal_category). In other words, we would like to know that for any two measurable spaces, $X,Y$, there is a $\sigma$-algebra on the set of maps $\text{Hom}\_{\text{Meas}}\;(X,Y)$, which has good formal properties (functoriality, right adjointness to $\otimes$). 


The fact that $\text{Meas}$ is a symmetric monoidal closed category was proven by Kirk Sturtz in the paper [Categorical Probability Theory](http://arxiv.org/pdf/1406.6030v4.pdf). See Section 2.3.


