Given a simplicial operad one can form its category of operators. This is a simplicial category with a functor to the category of finite pointed sets which is a bijection on objects and whose hom-spaces have a particular product decomposition. Assuming the spaces in the operad are fibrant we can apply the coherent nerve construction to obtain an $\infty$-operad with 'one-object' (by this I mean the $\infty$-category associated to the operad has a single equivalence class). This is Proposition 2.1.1.27 of Lurie's Higher Algebra. 


Q1: Does every $\infty$-operad with 'one-object' come from this construction (up to equivalence)?


EDIT: To clarify, I mean an operad in the classical sense of May and a weak equivalence of such operads (a singly colored simplicial operad, for the multicolored analogue of this question Urs' response says the answer would be yes). So one side I'm allowing arbitrary weak equivalences of $\infty$-operads and on the other I'm only considering weak equivalences between simplicial singly-colored operads.


Let $\mathcal{C}\_\mathcal{O}$ be the category of operators associated to an operad $\mathcal{O}$. We know the unit of the adjunction $\mathfrak{C}N\mathcal{C}\_\mathcal{O}\rightarrow \mathcal{C}\_\mathcal{O}$ is a weak equivalence of simplicial categories. 


Q2: Is $\mathfrak{C}N\mathcal{C}\_\mathcal{O}$ the category of operators associated to another simplicial operad $\mathcal{O}^\prime$?



Correspondence between operads and $\infty$-operads with one object
The answer to Q1 is indeed yes. The construction you describe (category of operators followed by coherent nerve) gives a functor from the category of fibrant colored simplicial operads to the category of $\infty$-operads (in the sense of Lurie). This functor preserves weak equivalences and induces an equivalence on the level of homotopy categories. The category of simplicial operads (with one color, or object) is a full subcategory of the category of colored such guys, so (as long as we only care about things up to weak equivalence) we only have to identify the essential image of this subcategory. "Having one object" is a property that you can see on the level of underlying categories. The construction we're talking about is compatible with "taking underlying categories"; i.e. taking the underlying simplicial category of a simplicial operad and then taking the coherent nerve produces the same thing as first running the construction you describe and then taking the fiber over $\langle 1 \rangle$. The statement therefore reduces to "every $\infty$-category with one object is (up to equivalence) the coherent nerve of a fibrant simplicial category with one object", which is true.


The answer to Q2 is no, at least if you're really asking it "up to isomorphism". For example, consider the space of morphisms lying over the inert morphism $\langle 3 \rangle \rightarrow \langle 1 \rangle$ which sends 2 and 3 to the basepoint and 1 to 1. In the category of operators of a simplicial operad, this space is isomorphic to the space of morphisms lying over the identity $\langle 1 \rangle \rightarrow \langle 1 \rangle$. This need not be the case in a category of the form $\mathfrak{C}N\mathcal{C}\_{\mathcal{O}}$. Already the trivial operad gives a counterexample. In this case, the first space I mentioned has non-degenerate 1-simplices, corresponding to factorizations $\langle 3 \rangle \rightarrow \langle 2 \rangle \rightarrow \langle 1 \rangle$ of the given morphism into two inerts, whereas the space of morphisms lying over $\langle 1 \rangle \rightarrow \langle 1 \rangle$ is just a 0-simplex. 


