Many classical arithmetic functions can be thought of as functions on the set of (non-zero) ideals of $\mathbb{Z}$ rather than as functions on $\mathbb{N}$.


Example: For $n \in \mathbb{N}$ the divisor function $d(n)$ is defined to equal the number of divisors of $n$. Equivalently, we could define $d(I)$ to the number of ideals dividing the ideal $I \lhd \mathbb{Z}$, where we count once the fact that $(1)|(n)$.


Now, the associated Dirichlet could be written as
$$
\sum^\infty\_{n=1} d(n) n^{-s} = \sum\_{I \lhd \mathbb{Z}} d(I) N(I)^{-s} = \zeta(s)^2.
$$


If $K$ is a number field with ring of integers $\mathcal{O}$ we can extend the definition of $d(I)$ to the ideals of $\mathcal{O}$. Furthermore, we can consider the associated Dirichlet series:
$$
\sum\_{I \lhd \mathcal{O}} d(I) N(I)^{-s}. 
$$


QUESTIONS: Is this Dirichlet series equal to $\zeta\_K(s)^2$, the square of the Dedekind zeta function of the field? 


Does this phenomena generalize? ie if $a(n)$ is arithmetic function that can be equivalently defined on the ideals of $\mathbb{Z}$ and the Dirichlet series associated to $a(n)$ is a quotient of Riemann zeta functions (= Dedekind zeta function of $\mathbb{Q}$). Can we simply `replace' the Riemann zeta functions with the appropriate Dedekind zeta functions to obtain the Dirichet series associated to the extended a(n)? 



Extending arithmetic functions (and associated Dirichlet series) to arbitrary rings of integers
The answer to your Question 1 is "yes". It's clear that the number of ideals of $\mathcal{O}$ of norm $\le M$ is bounded above by a polynomial in $M$, so one can manipulate Dirichlet series term-by-term for $Re(s) \gg 0$ and argue that


$$ \zeta\_K(s)^2 = \sum\_{A, B} N(A)^{-s} N(B)^{-s} = \sum\_{C} \#\{ (A, B) : AB = C\} N(C)^{-s} = \sum\_C d(C) N(C)^{-s}.$$


As for Question 2 it's not entirely clear to me what your precise question is, but philosophically at least the answer is "yes" -- any arithmetical function $a$ definable purely in terms of ideals of $\mathbb{Z}$ will have a natural generalization to ideals of a number field, and if you can express $\sum\_n a(n) n^{-s}$ in terms of the Riemann zeta then the same argument should give you an expression for $\sum\_{I \triangleleft \mathcal{O}} a(I) N(I)^{-s}$ in terms of $\zeta\_K(s)$. 


