Let $S$ be a compact R.S of genus $\geq 2$. In the paper "Stable and unitary vector bundles on compact Riemann surfaces" (by Narasimhan and Seshadri), they claim that there is a branched covering map from the upper half plane to $S$ which is ramified at exactly one point (with index $N$) (i.e. $S$ is the quotient of $\mathbb{H}$ by the group $\langle A\_i, B\_i, C \vert \Pi [A\_i, B\_i] = C, [A\_i,C] = [B\_i, C] = I, C^N=I \rangle$). I am not able to access the reference (Grothendieck) pointed out in that paper. Is there any other reference (or any easy proof of this?) ? Also, does a similar fact hold for non-compact Riemann surfaces (compact minus a finite collection of points).



Branched covers of compact Riemann surfaces
From your group-theoretic description, it seems to me that you are asking for a covering $S' \to S$ which is only ramified over one point of $S$, and the ramification index of each point of the inverse image divides $N$. So, Felipe's construction should work.


Here is a more direct construction. Suppose that $S$ is compact. Pick a point $p\in S$; the fundamental group of $S\smallsetminus \{p\}$ is the free group on $2N$ generators $A\_1, \dots, A\_g$, $B\_1, \dots, B\_g$; the product $C = \prod\_{i=1}^g[A\_i, B\_i]$ represents a small loop around $p$. Consider the homomorphism $\pi\_1(S\smallsetminus \{p\})\to \mathrm{S}\_{2N}$ that sends $A\_1$ into $(1 \dots N)$, $B\_1$ into $(1 \dots 2N)$, and all the other $A\_i$ and $B\_i$ into the identity. It is easy to see that $C$ goes into $(1 \dots N)(N+1 \dots 2N)$, and that this homomorphism has transitive image. Hence the corresponding ramified cover $S' \to S$ has two ramification points over $p$, each of index $N$.


When $S$ is non-compact, then the small loop $C$ is part of a free set of generators of $\pi\_1(S\smallsetminus \{p\}$, and the construction is even easier (for example, you can easily construct a cyclic cover $S' \to S$ of degree $N$ which is totally ramified over $p$, and nowhere else; this is impossible in the compact case).


