For a permutation $\pi=\pi\_1\pi\_2\cdots\pi\_n$ written in one-line notation, an index $i$ for which $\pi\_i > i$ is usually called an 'excedance.' To me, this seems like a mispelling of what should be 'exceedance': [many](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/exceedance) [dictionaries](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exceedance) [list](https://www.dictionary.com/browse/exceedance) 'exceedance' as a valid word, but none I can find consider 'excedance' a correct spelling of any word. Also, as far as I know, 'excedance' is pronounced like 'exceedance' (that is, ex-ceed-ance). But, while both ['excedance'](https://www.google.com/search?q=excedance%20permutation) and ['exceedance'](https://www.google.com/search?q=exceedance%20permutation) are to some extent used for this permutation concept, it seems that 'excedance' is much more common.


**Question**: Does anyone know the origin of the spelling 'excedance' for this permutation concept? Is it an error which has become standard?



Why 'excedances' of permutations?
*Mea culpa.* Comtet used the term *excédence*. When writing EC1 I needed an English term for this concept. For some reason I didn't like the word exceedance. I thought it looked better without the double e, analogous to proceed and procedure. Thus I made up the word *excedance*.


