**Let R be a commutative ring.$r\in R$.Let M and N are R-modules such that $rM=0$ and there is a short exact sequence $0\rightarrow N\xrightarrow r N\rightarrow N/rN \rightarrow 0$.**


if X is arbitrary R-module,$X\xrightarrow r X$ is R module morphism by multiplication,then we can get the induced map $Hom\_R(M,r):Hom\_R(M,X)\rightarrow Hom\_R(M,X)$ is zero.


by above,it is not difficult to see $Hom\_R(M,N)=0$.and we have exact sequence:$0\rightarrow Hom\_R(M,N/rN)\rightarrow Ext^1\_R(M,N)\xrightarrow {Ext^1(M,r)} Ext^1\_R(M,N)$.By the same argument,we use the definition of derived functor $Ext^1$,take a injective resolution of $N$,then we can prove $Ext^1(M,r)=0$. So $Hom\_R(M,N/rN)\cong Ext^1\_R(M,N)$.



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> **My question**:How to prove this by extension group?
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That is:for any s.e.s. $\delta:0\rightarrow N\rightarrow W\rightarrow M\rightarrow 0$,take pushout with $\delta$ and morphism $N\xrightarrow rN$.We get a new s.e.s.,How to prove this new s.e.s. splits?


Thank you in advance!



How to prove this by extension group
Let $\,\,E: 0 \to N \xrightarrow{i} W \xrightarrow{\varepsilon} M \to 0$ be a short exact sequence and let $r \in R$. 


The short exact sequence induced from $E$ by the homomorphism $\mu: N \to N,\,n \mapsto r\cdot n$ is by definition$$\,\,E': 0 \to N \to X \to M \to 0$$ 
where $X= W \oplus N\,/\,\{(-i(n),rn)\mid n \in N\}$ is the pushout of $(i,\mu)$. 



> 
> If $rM=0$ then the short exact sequence $E'$ splits. A splitting is defined by 
>  $$\gamma: M \to X,\,m \mapsto \overline{(w,n)}$$
>  where $w\in W, n \in N$ are choosen such that $\varepsilon(w)=m$ and $i(n) = -rw$. 
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Since the map $X \to M$ is $\overline{(w,n)} \mapsto \varepsilon(w)$, it's obvious that $\gamma$ is a splitting. 


I leave it as an exercise to show that $\gamma$ is a well-defined homomrphism of $R$-modules. 


