Eilenberg and Mac Lane showed that given a group $G$ there exists a pointed topological space $X\_G$ such that $\pi(X\_G,\bullet)\cong G$. It is obviously a way to "invert direction" to the functor $\pi\_1\colon \mathbf{Top}^\bullet\to \mathbf{Grp}$ to a functor $\mathcal K\colon \mathbf{Grp}\to \mathbf{Top}^\bullet$ such that $\pi\_1(\mathcal K(G),\bullet)\cong G$ (almost by definition). This is equivalent to say that there exists a natural transformation (equivalence, in this case) between $\pi\_1\circ\mathcal K$ and $\mathbf{1}\_{\mathbf{Grp}}$, which turns out to resemble some sort of *counity*.


It would be wonderful if I could define an adjunction between the two categories in exam, given by the two functors. Everytime I try to think about some sort of *unity* to this hypotetical adjunction I poorly fail: considering the vast literature in the field of algebraic topology, I believe in only two possible cases. The first, nothing interesting arises from this adjunction. The second, there is no sort of adjunction.


The key point, quite trivial, to answer is: it is well known that an adjunction is uniquely determined by one among *unity* and *counity*, provided the one is universal. But $\boldsymbol\varepsilon\colon \pi\_1\circ\mathcal K\to \mathbf{1}\_{\mathbf{Grp}}$ is an *equivalence*: can I conclude that it is universal?



Does $\pi_1$ have a right adjoint?
In the more general setting the answer is no. Left adjoints preserve colimits and it is not true that $\pi\_{1}(X\vee Y)\cong \pi\_{1}(X)\ast\pi\_{1}(Y)$ for all spaces $X,Y$ (even compact metric spaces). For instance, if $(\mathbb{HE},x)$ is the usual Hawaiian earring, let $X=Y=C\mathbb{HE}=\mathbb{HE}\times I/\mathbb{HE}\times\{1\}$ be the cone on the Hawaiian earring with basepoint the image of $(x,0)$ in the quotient. It is a theorem of Griffiths that $\pi\_{1}(C\mathbb{HE}\vee C\mathbb{HE})$ is uncountable and not the free product of trivial groups.


