I know that there are no solutions to $2^n\equiv 1\pmod{n}$ for $n>1$ and I can prove that there are infinitely many $n$ such that $2^{n+1}\equiv1\pmod{n}$.  

My question is: 



> 
> Do we know other fixed values $k\in \mathbb{N}$ such that
>  $2^{n+k}\equiv 1\pmod{n}$ holds *infinitely* often?
> 
> 
> 



For which values of $k$ is it known that there are infinitely many $n$, such that $2^{n+k}\equiv 1\pmod{n}$?
For any $k\geq 1$, there are infinitely many solutions of the congruence $2^{n+k}\equiv 1\pmod{n}$. To see this, observe first that there is always a solution $n\geq 1$ satisfying $n+k\geq 7$. Indeed, for $k\geq 6$ this is verified by the trivial solution $n=1$, while for $1\leq k\leq 5$ it is verified by the pairs
$$ (k,n) \ = \ (1,15),\ \ (2,7),\ \ (3,5),\ \ (4,31),\ \ (5,3).$$
Now it suffices to show that, for any fixed $k$ and for any solution $n\geq 1$ satisfying $n+k\geq 7$, there is a bigger solution $n'>n$ for the same $k$. Indeed, let $p$ be a primitive prime divisor of $2^{n+k}-1$, which exists by [Zsigmondy's theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zsigmondy%27s_theorem). Then, the order of $2$ modulo $p$ equals $n+k$, whence $n+k\mid p-1$. This implies that $pn+k=(p-1)n+(n+k)$ is divisible by $n+k$, hence
$$p,n\mid 2^{n+k}-1\mid 2^{pn+k}-1.$$
However, $p>n+k>n$, so $p$ and $n$ are coprime, and the above implies that $pn\mid 2^{pn+k}-1$. That is, $n'=pn$ is a solution bigger than $n$.


