I think [this MSE thread](https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1887055/measure-theory-and-probability-theory-on-generalizations-of-topological-spaces) is more suitable for the MO community, so I copy it here.


Given a set $X$ and a topology $\tau$ on $X$ the definition of the Borel $\sigma$-algebra $B(X)$ makes use of the availability of open sets in the topological space $(X, \tau)$: it is the $\sigma$-algebra generated by the open sets. There are many ways to generalize the notion of a topology, e.g. 


(i) preclosure spaces (with a closure operator that is not necessarily idempotent) or equivalently


(i') neighborhood system spaces (a neighborhood of a point need not contain an "open neighborhood" of that point) and more generally


(ii) filter convergence spaces or certain net convergence spaces (e.g. Fréchet $L$-spaces) satisfying some convergence axioms. 


The notion of convergence spaces is strong enough to be able to speak of continuity of maps (defined by preservation of convergence). If $X$ is a convergence space then one can form the set $C(X)$ of continuous real-valued functions $f : X \to \mathbb{R}$ (where $\mathbb{R}$ is equipped with the convergence structure coming from its usual topology). In this way, one can at least relate such spaces to measure theory by creating the Baire $\sigma$-algebra $Ba(X)$ on $X$ generated by $C(X)$.


Questions:


1. Are there other known ways to connect such generalized topological structures to measure theory and probability theory on such spaces that are of interest in practice? I especially may think here of applications in functional analysis where [Beattie and Butzmann](https://books.google.de/books?id=OdwXRK-i9YgC&redir_esc=y) argue that convergence structures are more convenient than topologies (at least from a category theoretic point of view). As a standard example, the notion of almost everywhere convergence is not topological.
2. Are there some practical applications in working with such Baire $\sigma$-algebras in non-topological preclosure or convergence spaces? Even for topological spaces, the Baire $\sigma$-algebra and the Borel $\sigma$-algebra need not coincide. (I think they do coincide if $\tau$ is perfectly normal).
3. Is the following only a trivial idea or does it lead to interesting properties: To any convergence space one can assign a topological space (the reflection of the convergence space, see [ncatlab](http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/convergence+space)) and thus speak of the "associated Borel" $\sigma$-algebra for a convergence space.


I also understand that measure theory on general topological spaces can be rather boring. Only for special topological spaces like Polish spaces or Radon spaces we may have interesting measure-theoretic results. So maybe there is also an interesting class of non-topological convergence spaces with interesting measure-theoretic theorems generalizing those for Radon spaces.



Measure theory and Probability Theory on generalizations of topological spaces
For question 1: There is another way to generalize the notion of a topology, different from (i), (i') and (ii): Extract an abstract notion of a compact-like class of sets. 


The measures that are approximated from within by such compact-like classes have been studied, with interesting non-trivial results. A good entry point to this area is Fremlin's paper "Weakly $\alpha$-favourable measure spaces", Fund. Math. 165 (2000), 67--94.


