Consider function $f(x)$. I've counted 4 possible notations to write a derivative of $f(x)$ at point $x = a$:


1. $f'(a)$;
2. $\frac{\operatorname{d}{f(a)}}{\operatorname{d}x}$;
3. $\left.\frac{\operatorname{d}{f(x)}}{\operatorname{d}x}\right|\_{x = a}$;
4. $f\_x(a)$ in case of partial derivative.


Currently, I need to use the one which involves differentials, i.e. either #2 or #3. I've listed all of them for the sake of completeness because I want to draw a point and find out your opinion on it.


The point is that for me, personally, #1, #3, and #4 look perfectly fine. However, #2 looks ambiguous. In other words, I could interpret it in 2 ways:


1. Take derivative of $f$, and then substitute $x = a$;
2. Substitute $x = a$, and then take derivative of $f$ (what would be stupid in most cases, but still).


That's why I'm inclined to prefer #3 throughout my paper. So, the questions are:


1. What do you think about all of this and my argumentation?
2. How common is #2 in mathematical literature?
3. Which one of #2 or #3 would you recommend?



Choosing Notation for Variable Substitution into Derivative Expressed with Differentials
#2 seems ambiguous, since it seems, at first glance, to be the derivative of the constant $f(a)$, i.e., the interpretation of #2 is usually the first interpretation in the second list in the question. #3 is the most common, and is used in almost all calculus textbooks and/or papers to denote the derivative of $f(x)$ evaluated at $a$. I would recommend #3, since that is how I have seen "the derivative of $f(x)$ evaluated at $a$" written.


