The Kadison-Singer problem is considered in relation to the separable Hilbert space:


KS: Does every pure state on the diagonal (atomic) masa of $B(\ell\_2)$ has a unique extension to $B(\ell\_2)$? 


What is the status of this problem for non-separable Hilbert spaces? Most of operator-algebraits are uninterested in (starting a day with) non-separable Hilbert spaces, so probably they don't care. But if the (classical) KS problem has a negative solution, this solution *must* depend on the underlying ultrafilter $p\in \beta \mathbb{N}\setminus \mathbb{N}$ (it cannot be, for example, rare).


Sometimes weird ultrafilter over uncountable sets are (consistently) easier to grasp. This indicates that perhaps one should look at $\ell\_2(\kappa)$ for some $\kappa$ big enough.



Kadison-Singer problem in exotic Hilbert spaces
I think it's the same problem. If a pure state on $l^\infty$ had distinct extensions to states on $B(l^2)$, then you could embed $B(l^2)$ into $B(l^2(\kappa))$ for $\kappa > \aleph\_0$ and extend those extensions to $B(l^2(\kappa))$. Conversely, if every pure state on $l^\infty$ has a unique extension then every operator in $B(l^2)$ can be paved. This implies that we can pave the compression of any operator in $B(l^2(\kappa))$ to $l^2(X)$ for any countable subset $X$ of $\kappa$, and by an easy compactness argument you can pave the entire operator. So pure states would have to extend uniquely to $B(l^2(\kappa))$.


(If that's too cryptic, you can think of a $k$-paving of the compression of $A$ to $l^2(X)$ as a $k$-coloring of the set $X$. Order the countable subsets $X \subset \kappa$ by inclusion, for each $X$ let $C\_X$ be the set of $k$-pavings of $P\_{l^2(X)}A|\_{l^2(X)}$, and get $\bigcap C\_X \neq \emptyset$ by compactness.)


However, to editorialize: as you say, if KS has a negative solution (some pure states have nonunique extensions) then there may well be set-theoretic issues involved in saying which ultrafilters extend uniquely. But KS can be reformulated as an arithmetical question, so if it has a positive solution (which I believe is the answer that expert opinion now favors) then it is unlikely to have anything to do with set theory. For instance, see my paper [The Kadison-Singer problem in discrepancy theory](https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0209078) for a combinatorial reformulation in terms of finite sets of vectors in ${\bf C}^n$.


