Let $G$ be a finite Abelian group with endomorphism ring $End(G)$. I am interested in the probability $P(\phi(g\_1) = g\_2)$ for fixed $g\_1,g\_2 \in G$ and a uniformly chosen endomorphism $\phi(\cdot)$ from $End(G)$. Essentially, I want to understand where the set of endomorphisms will take each element $g \in G$. I ran into this question while considering homomorphic compression schemes that compress an $n$-length sequence $g^n$ into a sequence of length $k$ by applying a homomorphism $\phi \colon G^n \rightarrow G^k$. I describe the question in detail below.


Let $\mathbb{Z}\_n$ be the cyclic group of $n$ elements. If $G ={\mathbb{Z}\_{p^r}}$, I understand what is going on and can prove for instance that $\phi(g)$ is uniformly distributed across the smallest subgroup of $\mathbb{Z}\_{p^r}$ that $g$ belongs to as $\phi(\cdot)$ varies over $End(\mathbb{Z}\_{p^r})$. But, I am having trouble understanding what happens in the case of groups of the form $\mathbb{Z}\_{p^r}^k$ such as $\mathbb{Z}\_2^2$ for example. In this case, $\phi(g)$ is uniformly distributed over $\mathbb{Z}\_2^2$ for all non-identity $g$ regardless of which subgroup $g$ belongs to. 



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> Question: Is there a uniform way to write down the probability $P(\phi(g\_1) = g\_2)$ for fixed $g\_1,g\_2 \in G$ and an arbitrary $\phi(\cdot) \in End(G)$ for a finite Abelian group $G$? 
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I would greatly appreciate any pointers and hope the question isn't too elementary for MO. Please feel free to edit/re-tag the question if needed.



Image of a fixed element under a random endomorphism in an Abelian group
For a group $G=\mathbb{Z}\_{p^r}^k$ this is quite straightforward.
Let $g$ have order $p^r$ in $G$ (if not then we are effectively working
in $\mathbb{Z}\_{p^s}$ where $s < k$). Applying an automorphism of $G$
we can assume that $g=(1,0,\ldots,0)$. Endomorphisms of $G$ correspond
to matrices over $\mathbb{Z}\_{p^r}$. The image of $s$ is the first row
(or column if you put the map on the other side) and we see that the image
of $s$ is uniformly distibuted over all of $G$.


Now consider a general finite abelian $p$-group $G$. 
Let $g\in G$. We can write $G=\langle h\rangle\times H$
where $g=p^s h\in H$ and $h$ has order $p^m$ for some
$m\ge s$. We can specify an endomorphism of $G$ by mapping
$h$ to any element $h'$ of order $\le p^m$ and taking any homomorphism
from $H$ to $G$. Then the $h'$ are uniformly distributed
amongst the elements of order $\le p^m$ in $G$ and $g'$ is
mapped to $g'=p^{m-r}h'$. These $g'$ are uniformly distributed
over a certain subgroup of $G$.


For general finite abelian $G$ split up $G$ as a product of its Sylow
$p$-subgroups. Then $g\in G$ splits up into its primary components
and each of these behave in the same way, under a random endomorphism,
as in the $p$-group case above.


**Added** I now see that the argument I gave in the prime power case
is valid in the general case too. The key observation is that
a maximal cyclic subgroup of a finite abelian group is a direct summand.
Let $g\in G$ have order $m$ and let $H$ be a maximal cyclic subgroup
of order $mn$ containing $\langle g\rangle$. Then the images of
$g$ under random endomorphisms of $G$ are uniformly
distributed in the subgroup $n G[mn]$ of $G$ where $G[mn]$
denotes the $mn$-torsion subgroup of $G$.


**Added** (4/7/2010) Thanks to Tom for pointing out my error
above. The argument I had in mind for proving that maximal
cyclic groups are summands doesn't actually work. :-(
As t3suji points out, the images are uniformly distributed
over a subgroup. Identifying this subgroup looks like being
a bit more fiddly than I believed and I lack the patience
to do it now. It seems that reduction to the prime power
case is a good way to proceed.


