Edit: the question was answered to the negative because $ZF$ proves the existence of Hartog numbers. So this calls for a modification of the question to be in just $Z-\text{Regularity}$


Is it consistent with $Z-\text{Regularity}$ [instead of $ZF-\text{Regularity}$ in the original question] to have a set that is strictly bigger in cardinality than any set in the cumulative hierarchy of $Z$?


Formally: Is it consistent to have $Z-\text{Regularity}$ plus



> 
> $\exists x\, \forall y\, \big[\exists \alpha\, (y \in V\_{\alpha}) \to \exists f\, \left(f\colon y \to x \wedge\, f \text{ is injective}\right) \wedge \not \exists g\, (g\colon x \to y \wedge\, g \text{ is injective})\big] $
> 
> 
> 


Where $V\_\alpha$ is defined in the usual manner.


The version of $Z$ defined here have all stages of $ZF$ below $V\_{\omega+{\omega}}$



Is it consistent with Z - Regularity to have a set that is bigger than any set in the cumulative hierarchy of Z?
I think I have the answer to this question, the general idea I got from Noah Schweber's prior answer. 


It is consistent with ZF-Regularity to have a class $Q$ of Quine atoms of any size, even we can have a proper class of Quine atoms, so let $$|Q|=|V\_{\omega+\omega}|$$, we simply construct the set $V^Q\_{\omega+\omega}$, that is the iterative hierarchy having $\omega+\omega$ stages with $V\_0 = Q$, and this would give a positive answer to this question.


I think that this simple argument not only work for $Z$ but for any fragment of $ZF$ with some cardinal limit on Replacement, so this I think would stop the hartog ordinal from being constructed from the the big set of this question. That said, then this argument can even work with choice.


