Define a reflexive relation on the set of zero-simplices of a simplicial set $A$ by saying that $x\sim y$ iff there is a one-simplex $h$ with $0$-face $y$ and $1$-face $x$. This is not an equivalence relation in general but it is so if $A$ is Kan. Define $\pi\_0(A)=A\_0/\sim$ in this case.


Let $x:\Delta^0\to A$ be a zero-simplex, $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and consider the pullback


\begin{array}{rcl}
 A(n,x) &\to& Map(\Delta^n,A)\\
 \downarrow &&\downarrow\\
 Map(\partial\Delta^n,\Delta^0)&\to&Map(\partial\Delta^n,A)
\end{array}


induced by the obvious maps and set $\pi\_n(A,x)=\pi\_0(A(n.x))$ as the simplicial homotopy groups. This works since $A(n,x)$ is Kan if $A$ is so.


An important theorem states that $\pi\_n(A,x)=\pi\_n(|A|,|x|)$ the bars denoting the realization functor adjoint to the singular functor $S$. The homotopy category of the usual model structure on simplicial sets is given by inverting the "weak equivalences", i.e. the maps $f:A\to B$ such that $\pi\_n(S(f),x)$ is an isomorphism for all $n$ and all basepoints. One has to apply $S$ here to make things Kan.


Does one get the same homotopy category if one lets $\pi\_0$ be the equivalence classes of the equivalence relation **generated** by $\sim$? One can define all necessary concepts exactly as above without demanding $A$ to be Kan. Does one get the same homotopy category then?



Closure of the homotopy relation for a simplicial set
Of course if $\pi\_0$ is defined by the equivalence relation generated by ~ on $0$-simplices then it is the usual thing: topological $\pi\_0$ of the realization, or simplicial $\pi\_0$ of a fibrant replacement.


You are saying: What if we define a new $\pi\_n(A,x)$ as $\pi\_0(A(n,x))$? Well, obviously it maps to the usual $\pi\_n(A,x)=\pi\_0(S(A),n,x)$), and clearly this map is rarely an isomorphism if $A$ is not fibrant.
But I don't even see a comparison map between the resulting homotopy category and the usual one, in either direction. Clearly a map of simplicial sets will sometimes induce an isomorphism of usual homotopy groups while inducing a non-isomorphism of yours. But (this is my point) it can also go the other way. For example, you can make lots of examples of simplicial sets $A$ such that the inclusion $V\to A$ of the $0$-skeleton of $A$ induces an isomorphism $V(n,x)\to A(n,x)$.


