So entwickelten sich die Werke so bedeutender Denker wie Abdolkarim Soroush (Iran), Abdelmajid Charfi (Tunesien), Fazlur Rahman (Pakistan), und Mahmud Mohammed Taha (Sudan) zu einer klaren, intensiven Herausforderung der Theorien der religiösen Orthodoxie.
Thus, a sharp, focused challenge to the assertions of religious orthodoxy has emerged in the work of such important thinkers as Abdolkarim Soroush (Iran), Abdelmajid Charfi (Tunisia), Fazlur Rahman (Pakistan), and Mahmud Muhammad Taha (Sudan).