Im Sommer 2004 stellten zwei unabhängig voneinander tätige Forscherteams (eins geführt von Forschern der Harvard Medical School und des Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, das andere von Forschern der Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories) dieses naturwissenschaftliche Dogma in Frage.
In the summer of 2004, two groups of scientists working independently (one led by researchers at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston and the other led by researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories) called this scientific dogma into question.