My husband s second toe is swollen and extremely painfull down to the base there is also two hard bumps one on the side and one on the top of the toe which has a dark circle. He has not injured it, and we could seen no indication of an insect bite though we are not sure.
Here I want to know is he having diabetes? As well does he has any change in sensation for feet or hand? If yes then as per your explanation looks like the circulation to the toe is affected. And he needs to do test on lower limb circulation (Doppler test) . If he does not have diabetes as well no sensory change in feet level then it may be related to block due to vessels for lower limb due to deep vein thrombosis also. Again to conform he has to do Doppler test. Here I also suggest taking a test on his complete blood count and cholesterol level also to rule out the blood related things like ESR, and HE, or cholesterol problem and if there is problem here then he can take treatment as per that. Here it could be possible he does not have anything above, and then it means either there was an insect bite or he might have got hit some where, but he does not remember. For this he needs to check with doctor again and based on physical examination there will be antibiotics with anti-inflammatory and painkiller medications will be needed. Here I have given general idea on possibilities since I have no doe any physical examination, but I suggest once you check with your doctor with physical examination and few tests they will be able to help you more. Take care.