14.  Epson markets and sells printers and Epson ink cartridges in the United  States.  Consumers can purchase printers directly from Epson or directly from  retailers such as Staples, Best Buy, Walmart, Amazon and others.     15.  The printers, usually, come with ink cartridges but those ink cartridges  will eventually need to be replaced as the printer is used.  The sale of replacement  ink cartridges is an important source of revenue and profit for Epson as Epson ink  cartridges range in price from approximately $10 to $150 or more for high-end  printers. In many cases, the cost of replacement cartridges over the life of a printer  is significantly larger than the cost of the printer itself.   72.  Plaintiffs bring this action, on behalf of themselves and all others  similarly situated, as a class action under Rules 23(a) and (b)(3) of the Federal Rules  of Civil Procedure.   73.  Plaintiffs bring this action and seek to certify and maintain it as a class  action on behalf of themselves and a Nationwide Class, as defined below, or in the  alternative, on behalf of State Subclasses, as defined below.  A.  The Nationwide Class   74.  The Nationwide Class (the “Class”) is initially defined as follows:  All United States residents who, within the applicable limitations period,  owned or purchased an Epson Printer.  Excluded from the Nationwide Class are Defendants, their employees, co- conspirators, officers, directors, legal representatives, heirs, successors and wholly  or partly owned subsidiaries or affiliated companies; class counsel and their  employees; and the judicial officers or their immediate family members and  associated court staff assigned to this case.  B.  The State Subclasses   82.  Plaintiffs repeat and re-allege the allegations contained in the foregoing  paragraphs as if fully set forth herein.    83.  The CFAA is a federal criminal statute that prohibits computer crimes,  including unauthorized access to a computer, or access that exceeds any  authorization and allows persons who have been damaged thereby to bring claims  under the CFAA.     VIOLATION OF THE CALIFORNIA FALSE ADVERTISING LAW  (“FAL”)  (CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE § 17500, ET SEQ.)  VIOLATION OF THE CONNECTICUT UNFAIR TRADE  PRACTICES ACT  CONN. GEN. STAT. § 42-110A ET SEQ.  VIOLATION OF THE CALIFORNIA UNFAIR COMPETITION  LAW (“UCL”)  (CAL. BUS. & PROF. CODE § 17200, ET SEQ.)  VIOLATION OF THE COMPUTER FRAUD AND ABUSE ACT  18 U.S.C. § 1030  (ON BEHALF OF THE CLASS)  