How to Change an Alternator
To change an alternator, park the vehicle on an even, level surface, and disconnect the cable from the negative battery terminal. Locate the alternator, and jack up the vehicle if you can't easily access it. Use a wrench or a ratchet to remove the main power cable that runs from the battery to the alternator and release the safety clip connecting the wiring harness. Remove the auto-tensioner or loosen the bolts on the alternator, then remove the old alternator and install the new one using the opposite process.
Park the car on an even, level surface. Any time you plan to work on your vehicle, safety is paramount. Because you may need to jack the vehicle up, make sure it's parked on a surface that's suitable for the work. It should be evenly paved and flat. Even if you don't have the jack the car up, it's easier to work on an even surface. Ensure the vehicle is park, or has the parking brake engaged (if equipped with a standard transmission). Disconnect the battery. Find the right socket to loosen the bolt that keeps the cable on the negative terminal tight. It's the terminal of the battery with a visible (-) sign. Once it's loose, slide the cable off the terminal to disconnect the battery. Never work in the engine bay of a vehicle without first disconnecting the battery for safety. Working on the alternator without disconnecting the battery could result in getting shocked or damaging the vehicle. You can leave the positive cable attached. Jack the vehicle up if necessary. Follow the serpentine or accessory belts to locate the alternator in your engine bay. Depending on the vehicle, it may be on the top closest to you, or it may be on one of the sides and difficult to access. If you can't easily access it from the engine bay, you'll need to jack up the vehicle. Be sure the parking brake is on and the wheels are blocked before you jack it up. Insert jack stands beneath the vehicle for safety once it's jacked up. Remove the main power cable from the alternator. The main power cable will be the thick cable attached to the alternator that runs from the battery. Depending on how much space you have in your specific vehicle, you may be able to use a ratchet, but in some, you may only be able to fit an open-ended wrench. Unscrew the bolt holding it in place and pull it from where it's connected. The bolts will likely require standard sized sockets or wrenches in American made vehicles, and metric in most foreign applications. The only other cable running to the alternator connects to a harness, so it will be easy to identify. Set the bolt aside someplace safe until you install the new alternator. Release the safety clip connecting the wiring harness. The only other wiring heading into the alternator is the control harness. Use your finger or a flat head screwdriver to release the clip holding the harness together, then slide it apart. Be careful if you use a screwdriver to get to hard to reach clips so you don't break the plastic. Tuck the loose wire aside so it doesn't snag on the alternator when you remove it. Relieve tension on the belt with the auto-tensioner (if equipped). Some vehicles use the alternator itself to apply tension to the serpentine or accessory belt, but others use an auto tensioner pulley. Insert the square drive from a breaker bar into the hole in the auto-tensioner pulley and apply pressure in a clockwise direction to relieve tension on the belt. You can tell if your vehicle uses an auto-tensioner by looking at the alternator mounting bracket: if the bolts can slide from side to side in the bracket, it does not have an auto-tensioner. You will need to slide the belt off the alternator pulley before you release the auto-tensioner. In some cars, you might need a friend to relieve the tension while you remove the belt. Loosen the bolts on the alternator if there is no auto-tensioner. In cars without an auto-tensioner pulley, you can relieve the tension on the belt simply by loosening the two bolts that secure the alternator to the engine. These will often require a 14mm or ⁄ 2 inch (1.3 cm) socket, though you may need to try others. As you loosen the bolts, the alternator will slide in the bracket under the tension of the belt. You may not need to remove the serpentine or accessory belt if it's not damaged. Inspect the serpentine belt for damage. Look for signs of glossing or glazing (shinier portions) on the edges and underside of the belt. Inspect both the top and underside for signs of cracking as well. If you find any of those issues, you'll need to replace it. Remove the alternator from the engine bay. With the belt pulled off of the alternator pulley and the wires disconnected, the alternator should come out freely. You may need to wiggle the alternator around some things in order to remove it. Keep track of how you worm the alternator out of the engine bay to help squeeze the new one in. Compare the new alternator to the old one. Before installing the new alternator, set it down on a table next to the old one you just removed. Make sure the mounting holes and wire connectors are in the same place and that the two parts are the same size. Even if you provided specific information when purchasing the alternator, this step is important to make sure they provided you with the correct part. If they don't match, return the new alternator to the auto parts store to get the correct replacement. Slide the new alternator into place. You might have to wiggle the alternator around to squeeze it back into place in a crowded engine bay. Be sure to hold loose wires or the serpentine belt out of the way as you get it into place. Be careful not to trap any wiring behind the alternator as you slide it into place. Watch out for the serpentine belt as you slide the alternator into place to be sure you don't damage it. Insert the mounting bolts. Slide the mounting bolts through the alternator and into the mounting bracket. Tighten them by hand until they're snug. In cars with an auto-tensioner pulley, you can completely tighten the bolts at this point, otherwise keep the bolts loose. You'll need to tighten the belt using the alternator later if you don't have an auto-tensioner. Make sure the bolts are snug enough to hold the alternator in place, but loose enough to slide side to side in the bracket. Run the belt over the new alternator pulley. Either install the new belt or run the old belt back through all of the appropriate pulleys. If you aren't sure how to properly route the belt, look for a diagram on the body of the car inside the engine bay to guide you. The belt will need to go around any accessories it is supposed to power in your specific vehicle. If there is no diagram stuck in the engine bay, you may also be able to find the diagram in your vehicle owner's manual. You might also be able to find the diagram on the manufacturer's website. Apply tension to the alternator with a pry bar if necessary. If your vehicle does not have an auto-tensioner pulley, apply pressure to the alternator using a large screwdriver or pry bar until the belt is tight. Place the pry bar between the alternator and the engine, and push the alternator out, away from the engine. Be careful not pinch or cut any wires with the screwdriver or pry bar. You or a friend will need to continue applying pressure until the bolts are tightened. Tighten the bolts and the belt. With tension on the belt applied via the alternator and pry bar, use the appropriate socket and a ratchet to tighten the two mounting bolts up the rest of the way. This will allow the alternator to keep the tension on the belt. Make sure that the serpentine belt has less than an inch of play back and forth once installed. If the belt is a little loose, loosen the bolts and apply pressure again using the pray bar while you tighten them up. Connect the power cable and monitor harness. Reconnect the wire harness and insert the bolt that secures the main power cable to the alternator in the same order you removed them. They should install exactly as they were in the old alternator. Make sure the primary power cable is tightened firmly onto the new alternator. Be sure you hear an audible “click” from the wiring harness to ensure it's seated snugly. Reconnect the battery. With the new alternator in place, all you have left to do is reconnect the negative lead to the battery. Make sure you tighten it firmly so it can't shake loose while driving. If the battery is dead, you may need to jump start it. If the vehicle is jacked up, remove the jack stands and lower it. 
Park the car on an even, level surface. Disconnect the battery. Jack the vehicle up if necessary. Remove the main power cable from the alternator. Release the safety clip connecting the wiring harness. Relieve tension on the belt with the auto-tensioner (if equipped). Loosen the bolts on the alternator if there is no auto-tensioner. Inspect the serpentine belt for damage. Remove the alternator from the engine bay. Compare the new alternator to the old one. Slide the new alternator into place. Insert the mounting bolts. Run the belt over the new alternator pulley. Apply tension to the alternator with a pry bar if necessary. Tighten the bolts and the belt. Connect the power cable and monitor harness. Reconnect the battery. 