The future of heat is uncertain, and its decarbonisation is reliant on relatively nascent technologies, such as hydrogen and carbon capture usage and storage, as well as biogas and heat pumps. These new and evolving technologies will need to be used in new contexts and on a scale that has not yet been demonstrated. We do not believe that any of these technologies can, in the next 30 years, reach sufficient scale to represent an existential threat to our gas businesses.