Earnings attributable to equity owners of the Company includes timing adjustments related to rate-regulated activities and unrealized gains or losses on mark-to-market forward and swap commodity contracts. They also include one-time gains and losses, significant impairments, restructuring charges and other items that are not in the normal course of business or a result of day-to-day operations recorded at various times over the past eight quarters. These items are excluded from adjusted earnings and are highlighted below: • In the second, third and fourth quarters of 2019, Canadian Utilities closed a series of transactions related to the sale of its Canadian fossil fuel-based electricity generation business and Alberta PowerLine resulting in a gain on sale of operations of $125 million after-tax. As these transactions are one-time in nature, they are excluded from adjusted earnings. • In the second quarter of 2020, impairment and other costs not in the normal course of business of $30 million after-tax were recorded. These costs mainly relate to certain assets that no longer represent strategic value to the Company. As these costs are one-time in nature, they are excluded from adjusted earnings. • In the fourth quarter of 2020 the Company signed a Master Services Agreement with IBM Canada Ltd. (IBM) to provide managed information technology services. These services are currently provided by Wipro under a ten-year MSA maturing in December 2024. The Company has recognized costs of $55 million after-tax, which represents management’s best estimate of the costs to exit the Wipro MSA. The actual costs are expected to be finalized later in 2021. As these costs are one-time in nature, they are excluded from adjusted earnings.