Capital and largest city Mogadishu 2°2′N 45°21′Eufeff / ufeff2.033°N 45.350°Eufeff / 2.033; 45.350 Official languages Somali • Arabic[2] Foreign languages English Italian[3][4] Religion Islam Demonym(s) Somali[5] Government Federal parliamentary republic • President Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed • Prime Minister Mohamed Hussein Roble Legislature Federal Parliament Formation • Proto-Somali formation 1,200 BCE • Macrobian Kingdom 247 BCE • Somali city-states 1st century • Sultanate of Mogadishu 9th century • Ajuran Sultanate 13th century • Sultanate of the Geledi 17th century • Hiraab Imamate 17th century • Majerteen Sultanate 19th century • Sultanate of Hobyo 19th century • Italian Somaliland 1889 • Independence and union with the State of Somaliland 1 July 1960 • Admitted to the United Nations 20 September 1960 • Current constitution 1 August 2012 Area • Total 637,657 km2 (246,201 sq mi) (43rd) Population • 2020 estimate 15,893,219[6] (72nd) • Density 19.31[7]/km2 (50.0/sq mi) (199th) GDP (PPP) 2019 estimate • Total US$13.324 billion (N/A) • Per capita US$888 [8] (N/A) GDP (nominal) 2019 estimate • Total US$5.218 billion [8] (184th) • Per capita US$348 [8] (193rd) HDI (2017) 0.351 low Currency Somali shilling (SOS) Time zone UTC+3 (EAT) Date format dd/mm/yyyy Driving side right Calling code +252 ISO 3166 code SO Internet TLD .so Preceded by Somali Democratic Republic