GT/ Controlling bubbles to sort materials
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A new way to control the motion of bubbles might one day help separate useful metals from useless dirt using much less energy and water than is currently needed.

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Latest Research

by Qiang Guo, Yuxuan Zhang, Azin Padash, Kenan Xi, Thomas M. Kovar, Christopher M. Boyce in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

A new way to control the motion of bubbles from researchers at Columbia Engineering might one day help separate useful metals from useless dirt using much less energy and water than is currently needed.

When mining for metals such as the copper used in most electronics and the lithium used in many batteries, only a small fraction of the material that is mined is useful metal, with the vast majority just useless dirt-like particles.

“We have to separate the useful metals from the useless particles, and we do this by blowing air bubbles up through them,” said Chris Boyce, assistant professor of chemical engineering at Columbia Engineering. However, “this process utilizes a large amount of energy and water, causing climate change and water shortages, thus creating problems we are trying to prevent. We have this issue in part because we currently cannot control the motion of these bubbles.”

Particle contact force normalized by particle weight during two vibration cycles obtained from discrete particle simulations. The simulated particles have properties ρp = 2500 kg/m3 and dp = 238 μm. The vibration frequency and amplitude are 5 Hz and 8 mm, respectively.

Now Boyce and his colleagues reveal that if they vibrate these particles while blowing air up through them, the normally chaotic motion of these bubbles becomes orderly and controllable. The vibrations cause the particles to quickly shift between solid-like to fluid-like behavior, which in turn helps structure the bubbles into regularly spaced triangular arrays.

“I think the simple addition of vibration to go from chaos to order is beautiful,” Boyce said.

Snapshots of local solids volume fraction during two gas flow oscillation cycles predicted by continuum gas-solid flow modeling using different constitutive models: (A) Schaeffer model (6), (B) Srivastava and Sundaresan model (7) and © the proposed model. The simulated solids phase has properties ρp = 2500 kg/m3 and dp = 238 μm.

Having a way to control the behavior of these bubbles can help scale up and optimize separation techniques. “We expect that the ability to create structure in flows can reduce energy and water use in mining as well as improve the efficiency of many clean energy processes,” Boyce said.

The researchers now aim to apply this structured bubbling to sustainable mining separation techniques.
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['Sustainability', 'Renewable Energy', 'Climate Change', 'Green Technology', 'Green Energy']