trauma that results in hospital admis- sion-are caused by crying," he said.) Les- ter, however, believes that some afflicted infants may be at risk of developing behav- ioral problems as children, in part because colic affects the way parents interact with them as babies. "Colic threatens to cause problems in the child's ability to form re- lationships, because the child doesn't learn behavioral regulation and develops prob- lems with impulse control," Lester said. "It starts out with crying, and then, when the child is older, he doesn't control his emo- tions very well." In his book 'Why Is My Baby Crying? The Parent's Survival Guide for Coping with Crying Problems and Colic" (2005), Lester writes, "Despite what many well-meaning pediatricians tell parents, colic is not a harmless condition. Our research-as well as plenty of oth- ers'-has shown that these babies are more likely to have difficult temperaments and to experience feeding and sleeping problems. . . . They can go on to have be- havior issues in preschool and problems later on in school with attention/hyperac- tivity, sensory integration, and emotional .. " reactIvIty. There have been few long-range studies of colicky infants; the most sub- stantial data in support of Lester' s claims come from the Finnish Family Compe- tence Study Project, by researchers at the University of Turku, in Finland. Begin- ning in 1986, the researchers studied firstborn children from three months to three years, using information taken 1 from questionnaires completed by their parents and public-health nurses. Three hundred and thirty-eight infants suf- fering from colic were compared with eight hundred and sixty-six infants who did not have the condition. The re- searchers analyzed the infants' interac- tions within their families, the parents' reported levels of satisfaction with their daily routines, child-care arrangements, and the children's behavior and develop- ment. The parents of previously colicky infants were found to be more dissatis- fied with family life and the amount of time they had for both leisure and shared activities than were the parents of chil- dren who had not had colic. Mothers regarded the fathers' contributions to the household as less adequate compared with the non-colic group, and their children, at the age of three, were more likely to sleep in their parents' bedroom. Moreover, the three-year-olds in the colic group had significantly greater difficulty falling asleep and more fre- quent temper tantrums. The Finnish re- searchers concluded that the children's problems were likely related to behaviors that began during the period when the infant had colic and were not the result of the colic itself: "In agreement with previous studies, sleeping disorders were more frequent in the children who had been colicky as infants," the researchers wrote in 1995. "These sleeping patterns may suggest that there are problems as far as separa- '7s this your first time with an undercover cop?" tion from the parents is concerned or difficulties in setting limits. Temper tantrums are normal reactions when the wishes of a child are not fulfilled. Some behavior, however, has to be limited. The more frequent temper tantrums in the colic group may be because of cer- tain personality characteristics resulting in more resistance to imposition oflim- its, and/or they may refer to inconsis- tency or helplessness in managing the situations by the parents." As Lester put it, "The parent must attend to the needs of the baby and also help the baby learn self-limits and control." Because colic is the "first bump in the road for many parents," he said, "it will influence how you deal with the second, the third, and so on, creating a template for how you deal with future interactions with your child. Sure, we know the crying is going to stop, but the damage that's done to the mother and the family can be long- lasting and hard to put right again." Still, the research on the long-term effects of colic on infants and their par- ents is, at best, preliminary, and the respective contributions of genes and environment in triggering the condition remain murky. Lester concedes that most people who suffered from colic as infants and from temper tantrums as toddlers do not exhibit behavioral prob- lems as adults, regardless of how their parents responded to their cries. A few weeks ago, I spoke to Amanda Chase, who told me that her twins had got over their colic in early March, when they were about six months old. "I was relieved, but too exhausted to really ap- preciate it," she said. "I feel as though I lost a good six months of my life." She added that one night, around the time the twins began to improve, she had stayed up late reading about colic on a parenting Web site. "A mother wrote in, sounding incredibly depressed and overwhelmed, about a baby that she felt she could not put down," Amanda said. "I remember she said, 'I don't know how much longer I can do this; I have to hold her twenty-four hours a day.' It was the middle of the night, and I should have been asleep, but I couldn't go to bed without leaving her with some support. I wrote her a long e-mail in which I urged her to get someone to spell her. You just feel so helpless-as helpless as the babies themselves." .
Pepita, even at six, possessed a self-con- tained independence. Consuelo was the one most in need of support. Strangers made her tiinid; away froin home she faced each new situation half anticipat- ing failure. The three little girls were at the same stage in all their studIes, and were put into the saIne grade in school, but in different classrooms Consuelo's class was presided over by a Miss Coombs. She was a Inean woman, who brought to Las Vegas all of a lower-Iniddle-class Middle Westerner's resentlnent of and hostility toward the exotic characteristics of the Spanish Southwest. "'That preju- dices were not native to her she was quick to acquire froin the Texans who eternally infiltrate New Mexico. To her, this child with jet-black hair and unusually large brown eyes was just another little Mexican, except that, Î1n- properly, she was a well-dressed, well- fed little Mexican with an unconsciously proud carriage, who spoke correct, un- localized English with only the faintest occasional Spanish intonations It fur- ther offended MIss Coolnbs to know that Consuelo's father was a Inan of eminence and uthority, whon1 people, even those she would call J\.mericans, spoke of as a possible candidate for gov- ernor Outwardly proud, inwardly unsure of herself, unable to read the blackboard, Consuelo Inissed a sÎ1nple question early in the school year. Miss Coombs pounced on her, and continued to pounce unflaggingly, week after week. Misery spread over the girl's life, taking out the light, killing the colors, chang- ing it absolutely. Mornings were for feeling sick to one's stoinach and crying quietly on the way to school; the infinite '^ hours before school let out were for hoping desperatelv to be overlooked; the ; øilci ". j!sly': rest of the day was for trying not to "0: reinember that morning Inust COlne _ agaIn. The children obviously were not re- ceiving the kind of education their par- ents had in Inind. Moreover, of their plaYlnates many spoke the slurred New < Mexico dialect of Spanish, and others equally dialectic English. Everything be- ing taken into consideration, the experi- ment was not a success. To the joy of all of them, the Bacas returned to the ranch in the spring, and Don J osé and Doña Marguerite set about finding a suitable governess. This was no sÎ1nple Inatter. W Oinen of the kInd they sought were generally appalled at the idea of going to a ranch in the wilds of New Mexico. Theyan- .... . .. ticipated IndIans wIth scalping knives, 80 4 / . . I /,IIfJ./ · ()ð \ ,: if . / : " {:>'i, :,' f!!:" ........,... . ---==- .... '. ,=: ;. ..::;-:lØ f ; e .2 .:., f :!_T J;. ..:!!; --..._ ,.. v' $ ,l'j1:f. _-F . ') Iii t ..... .. " .s:,;.' .. { .{/ ,'r :J 1f "- ..:-:::.... -:.1,1 1 1 ' .,,/ rJ, I I 11:, .........::: '::. . J =:I -.J .- I $ ., ::'1 - f " ..->:J-_ ;\: 4:! J :}\ l h. :1 ;: il I' l. : '.::. ._= . ." ...."': / ( ..- ""--...- "'" . '. - /'.} ,1/ ..... . _? "":.. -:h li!log .:'" v..... -- --.- . i 'JtOk-;M'f. 0-:.... . ""õ::. -! .' 11fi1i4.. - ' i . Ith.,.... - -./0-:-: . "'IIt1ø" SItt _-=.J J t <. 1t' :!O;(' . '._ . O'; Æl:!! ; ;.! -?f- . : .:r:r:.,: -:i' /. 1Jf - .' > .-. .:- - -) J . .-...... ..... -- ". .... >f I {":I (.fAR r .. m ....1 .U . :.. ';Ule . ,. WI \j"ft.rJI ø For your next Martini ask for Lejon Vermouth by name! DRY OR SWEET. A PRODUCT O,F U..S..A.. Nofional Distillers Products Corp..; New York, N. Yo. i>>- . HERE'S A MUST YOU MUSTN'T MISS! ----, I I t I o --.- ....- ------ " --- . I. ",-; 1 0 I i' - I , ':: : f -1.n \ II t1 1I1 . Ii )., ,;. f4 ' 'Ii : i , , , . - " I II - - \ t "A "p' 11\ ' .I ." f- 1- '. I,ï .: 1 I 1 .. \ I - -- --:l I í:." '-' jt.o=(/ Øi, -1 iY .f2; 7? ^ 1 \ , )1 '5-- q '(( It)!' "t .f" -<q / 1: , = (;;løtJJ/ f IN DECEMBER a !ur/JfrA \11\:::::11 0 L I ill'I\! A Y MAGAZINE 12 PAGES! 21 PHOTOS! MANY IN FULL COLOR! It's festive! Here's Christmas on the Avenue - an unforgettable word- and - picture panorama of Fifth Avenue's gayest, giddiest, most golden fortnight! It's feminine! Shopper, showgirl, model or mother-Holiday's spar- kling article tells why every gal's a queen on Fifth A venue, the queen of America's main stems! It's fabulous! Here they are - the biggest, most exciting shops in the retail world. Here are the men who built them And here are the peo- ple who keep them in business. It's fancy! Plush penthouse apart- ments (with poodles to match), glamorous names from the Gilded Age, giant hotels, mink-coated matrons, high society-it's all here -it's Fifth Avenue in December Holiday magazine! NOW AT YOUR NEWSSTAND I PU6\.\CÀ1\Oti ^ CUR1\ 0":' .:::. .{o 0" .... -:": .... . .... .... , ..,":.. :: .0. :.....: . ..t.. ::l' :;".:' :.::. THE MAGAZINE OF PEOPLE, PLACES AND PLEASURE! "-; ' .' 'r'
The feral pig problem is spreading in Kentucky. The animals aren’t native to the commonwealth, but were illegally brought into the state and let loose for hunting. They’ve been copiously reproducing ever since.
In 2009, wild pigs were only in about 23 of Kentucky’s 120 counties. Now, they’re in 44, and spreading.
Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife spokesman Mark Marraccini says the animals have few redeeming characteristics.
“They’re very destructive,” he said. “They carry a host of diseases; they can infect livestock, pets and even people. They have pretty incredible reproductive rates, they destroy habitat. They compete with native wildlife; they simply out-compete native wildlife for the food that’s there.”
In other areas, like the Bernheim Forest, the wild pig problem has improved. There were a number of the animals for several years, but the number seems to have decreased lately according to a spokeswoman.
It’s illegal to bring wild pigs into the state, and two people have been convicted so far this year and fined. Hunting the animals is legal, and the meat can harvested for bacon, ham, and other pork products.
A woman and child walking near a Monument at The Stray, Harrogate. Bertram Unné Photographic Collection