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4

No, confinement means that such a state cannot exist, or more precisely, it cannot have a finite energy/mass. If such a colored state had a finite energy, it would mean that far enough from the colored particle, the quantum fields very closely approach the vacuum state. But if that's so, you could always combine two such objects of opposite colors. The total ...

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Below that regime, we have the strongly coupled regime where perturbative approaches fail, due to the large value of coupling constant $\alpha_S$. The same is related to the QCD $\beta$ function via this relation. The behavior as a function of the energy scale looks roughly like this. Any perturbation expansion in this regime would give a divergent series, ...

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An other way to see the argument of the answer of @fuenfundachtzig , is that, concerning $SU(3)$ representations, there is an equivalence between $(3*3)_\text{antisymmetrised}$ representation ("red * green") and $3^*$ representation ("antiblue"). Why ? Well, thanks to the completely anti-symmetric Levi_Civita symbol. Using objects upon which act the ...

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It works if you assign colors like this: one red up, one green up, down is blue, $X$ takes red and green which are equivalent to antiblue ("yellow"), thus color is conserved. I didn't take into account the last fact which explains my confusion.

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At the end of the day, the diagram shows the distribution in angular differences between pairs of charged particles produced in the collisions. $\Delta \phi = \phi_1-\phi_2$ is the difference in azimuthal angles $\phi$ of those pairs. $\Delta \eta = \eta_1 - \eta_2$ is the difference in pseudorapidities $\eta$ of those pairs. The $\phi$ and $\eta$ ...

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i'm not sure what kind of answer you want, but let me try: The generalization of electromagnetic forces is what is generally known as a gauge theory, which possesses a symmetry group called the gauge group $\mathcal{G}$. Electromagnetism (EM) is the simplest of gauge theories since it has the simplest gauge group that yields non-trivial physics. In EM, one ...

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