In the absence of previous studies, our objective was to assess whether gout was associated with an increase or decrease in the risk of Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) in older adults, 65 years or older.
We used the 5% Medicare claims from 2006-2012. A multivariable Cox regression model assessed the association of gout with incident SS adjusting for age, sex, race, Charlson-Romano comorbidity index, and the use of medications for cardiovascular diseases (statins, beta-blockers, diuretics, ACE-inhibitors) and gout (allopurinol, febuxostat). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
There were 3,186 new cases of SS in the study cohort with crude incidence rates of SS of 30/100,000 person-years in patients without gout and 49/100,000 person-years in patients with gout. Multivariable-adjusted analyses showed that gout was independently associated with a higher hazard ratio of SS of 1.73 (95% CI, 1.45, 2.06). Sensitivity analyses that substituted continuous Charlson-Romano comorbidity index score with categorized score (model 2) or individual comorbidities plus three common cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease; model 3), confirmed the main study findings with minimal attenuation of hazard ratio, 1.70 (95% CI, 1.43, 2.02) and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.25, 1.77), respectively. Younger age, female sex, White race and higher comorbidity score were associated with a higher hazard of SS.
Gout was associated with more than 1.7-fold higher risk of incident SS in adults 65 years or older. This finding needs to be reproduced and the underlying mechanisms for this association need further study.