The central nervous system (CNS) may be involved in a variety of inflammatory diseases of the blood vessels, generally known as vasculitis. The clinical diagnosis of such involvement in early stages is difficult, since a mild cognitive impairment can be the only symptom. It was hypothesized that brain-perfusion SPECT would be able to reveal CNS involvement and to monitor the course of the disease. The purpose of this study was assess if and when an improvement of cerebral perfusion can be registered by SPECT during the follow-up of these diseases.
Eighteen patients affected by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), 22 by undifferentiated vasculitis (UV), 5 by Behcet's disease (BD) and 5 by primary Sjogren's Syndrome (pSS) were enrolled in this prospective study. A 
In the SLE patients, no significant improvement of brain perfusion was found. On the contrary, in the UV the cerebral uptake of the tracer significantly improved from the twenty-fourth month (18/22 patients). Patients with BD showed an improvement of scintigraphic findings (5/5 patients), while a similar result was obtained only in 2 of the patients with pSS.
In conclusion, brain SPECT seems to be able to monitor the disease in UV, indicating the moment when an improvement of the cerebral perfusion is achieved. In SLE patients this scintigraphic technique did not show a significant improvement in CNS perfusion.