Femoroacetabular impingement is a new disease concept for hip disorders in young adults suggested as a major cause of primary hip osteoarthritis in Western countries. However, significant controversy exists regarding the prevalence and contribution of impingement deformities to osteoarthritis in Japan, owing to the higher prevalence of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Therefore, the aims of this study were to: (1) determine the prevalence of structural abnormalities associated with hip disorders in patients undergoing total hip replacement and (2) analyse the contribution of impingement deformities to osteoarthritis.
We analysed 250 patients from two different medical centres who underwent primary total hip replacement except those which were due to femoral head necrosis, posttraumatic osteoarthritis and systemic inflammatory disease. The average patient age at surgery was 64 years (range, 40-89 years), with 35 men and 215 women.
Radiographic abnormality related to developmental dysplasia of the hip was associated with the majority of osteoarthritic hips (62%). Hips with femoroacetabular impingement deformities were present within the cases categorized as unknown etiology. Cam impingement deformity was present in 22% of unknown aetiology cases when cases with reactive osteophytes were excluded from all cam deformity cases (pistol grip deformity and aspherical femoral heads).
The prevalence of femoroacetabular impingement within primary osteoarthritis cases and gender predominance of impingement deformities are relatively similar to those reported previously in Western populations. This finding indicates that femoroacetabular impingement deformities are associated with osteoarthritis in the Japanese population, although it has a lower frequency among all hip failure patients.