Patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) have a high risk of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement. Early detection of osseous destruction of the TMJ that can be seen radiographically is vital to provide appropriate treatment before significant craniofacial deformities and problems with occlusion arise. The aim of study was to evaluate whether there is a correlation between the clinical signs and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiologic features of TMJ in patients with JIA.
Study group consisted of 65 patients (46 females and 19 males) aged 10 to 17 years with a confirmed JIA diagnosis and mean disease duration 2 years 9 month, all patients underwent a clinical examination of the TMJ and masticatory muscles as well as a radiological assessment of the TMJ osseous structures by CBCT.
Majority of the patients' study population experienced 2 or 3 clinical signs with mean number 2.1 (standard deviation (SD) =1.00) and 3-5 radiological features related to the TMJ destruction with mean number 4.9 (SD=1.96). Statistically significant weak correlation only between pain and condyle surface flattening (Spearman`s Rho test (rho) =0.396; p value (p) =0.001) was found. No correlation between number of clinical signs and radiological features was found.
There was no conclusive evidence found regarding correlation between TMJ clinical signs and radiological features of osseous destruction in patients with JIA - only weak correlation between pain and condyle surface flattening was observed. The number of clinical TMJ signs does not correlate with number of radiological features. For the clinical decision both clinical examination and CBCT would be useful in the early detection of osseous destruction of the TMJ in JIA patients.