Immune function is essential for human beings, the severe disorders of the immune system being incompatible with survival. The immune system is perfectly organized to fulfill its essential function: to distinguish self from nonself Perfect state of immune tolerance to self components is disturbed in some cases in which the immune system no longer tolerates the self and summarizes the production of autoantibodies or autoreactive lymphocytes occurrence. The purpose of this study was the determination of biological markers in groups of patients with certain conditions, in order to establish correlations between these parameters and certain pathological events, their quantitative changes in pathological condition, their predictive value for the development of autoimmune condition and the staging process of certain diseases.
The study was conducted on a total of 41 patients exhibiting various underlying conditions generating immunosuppression: immunosuppressed (cirrhosis, diabetes, intubated, septicemia, LED, hepatitis, dialysis), rheumatic and emergency patients (patients with and without underlying conditions). For each patient the following parameters were determined: CRP, CIC, IgG, IgM, IgA serum complement and fibrinogen. We watched the variation of each parameter on patient groups and variation of each parameter within each group.
We noticed a clear correlation of elevated CRP in the group of rheumatic patients (100%), followed by immunocompromised patients (88%). Fibrinogen values were increased in rheumatic, sepsis and intubated patients and CIC levels in patients presented in emergency without underlying conditions, patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis and dialysis. All rheumatic patients had low C3 values. In terms of IgM, slightly higher values were found in the groups of patients with rheumatic disease and emergency patients,those with underlying conditions, obesity, dialysis, cirrhosis and hepatitis. IgM value was low in patients with osteoporosis. In the group of emergency patients without underlying conditions, CRP level was increased where an injury occurred, for example in patients with politraumatism, but the highest value of fibrinogen and CIC was observed in intoxicated patients, results that correlate with the fact that once formed the CIC can not be cleared from the body. In intoxicated patients C3 value correlated with high IgG value that may explain the phenomenon of cytolysis that accompanies this disease. High C3 value in patients with stroke and bleeding explain the action of anafilatoxins issued during complement system activation, functioning as potent mediators of inflammatory reactions.
Biological markers used to assess autoimmune condition can provide useful information on physio-pathological mechanisms of self-aggression installation during various chronic or acute diseases. Analysis and correlation autoimmunity markers values in patients with acute or chronic pathologies demonstrated that immune imbalances are characteristic of a very broad spectrum of pathologies, which explains the 'iceberg' nature of poli-self-aggression, both in terms of etiology and large spectrum of clinical outcome of disease at individual and population level.