Evaluation of hepatic lesions in patients treated with methotrexate (MTX) generally used the Roenigk histological score. However, the sensitivity of the method for hepatic fibrosis assessment has been discussed. The semi-quantitative histological scoring system (SSS) offers a sensitive and specific evaluation of liver fibrosis. Both scores have been evaluated in liver biopsies of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Seventy-four liver biopsies were obtained in 57 rheumatoid arthritis patients before initiation of MTX (group 1, 38 cases), in cases of a persistently high level of transaminases during 1 yr of treatment (group 2, 10 cases) and after a MTX total dose of 2 g (group 3, 26 cases). Eleven biopsies of groups 1 and 3 originated from the same patient in 11 cases. Specimens were examined blindly by two anatomopathologists. The three groups were compared with an ANOVA. Sequential biopsies performed in 11 patients were compared with the Wilcoxon paired test.
The Roenigk score and the SSS were significantly correlated (P<0.0001). Only a mild fibrosis was found in 33.8% (25/74) of the biopsies with the Roenigk score. Liver fibrosis, graded as mild (48.6%), moderate (41.8%) or severe (4%), was demonstrated in 94.6% (70/74) of the biopsies with the SSS. The Roenigk score and the SSS of the three patient groups were not statistically significantly different. The scores did not progress in the 11 patients who had serial biopsies.
SSS is much more sensitive than the Roenigk score for the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis. However, SSS did not show progression of hepatic fibrosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with MTX.