Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor has recently been reported to have a therapeutic effect as an anti-inflammatory agent in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We investigated the therapeutic effect of a new selective HDAC6 inhibitor, CKD-L, compared to ITF 2357 or Tubastatin A on CIA and regulatory T (Treg) cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
CIA was induced by bovine type II collagen (CII) in DBA/1 J mice. Mice were treated with HDAC inhibitor for 18 days. Arthritis score was assessed and histological analysis was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein (CTLA)-4 expression in induced Treg cells was analyzed and suppression assay was analyzed using Treg cells and effector T (Teff) cells isolated from naive C57BL/6 mice by flow cytometry. Cytokines were analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of five patients with RA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was analyzed using PMA- activated THP-1 cells by ELISA. Suppression assay was analyzed using Treg cells and Teff cells isolated from RA patients by flow cytometry.
In the CIA model, CKD-L and Tubastatin A significantly decreased the arthritis score. CKD-L increased CTLA-4 expression in Foxp3
CKD-L decreased the arthritis score in CIA, reduced the expression of TNF and IL-1β, and increased the expression of IL-10 in PBMC from RA patients. CKD-L increased CTLA-4 expression and the suppressive function of Treg cells. These results suggest that CKD-L may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of RA.