CD4 germinal center (GC)-follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Previous studies have shown that adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR; Adora2a) signaling can divert CD4 T cells away from the GC-Tfh cell lineage during the primary response to foreign antigens. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of A2aR signaling on CD4 T cells during the recognition of self antigen in a murine model of autoimmune arthritis.
Wild-type and Adora2a-deficient mouse KRN T cell receptor-transgenic CD4 T cells specific for glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI)/I-A
CGS treatment inhibited the development of arthritis and differentiation of KRN GC-Tfh cells, blocked the appearance of high-affinity GPI-specific and IgG1 isotype class-switched polyclonal plasmablasts, and led to a reduction in serum titers of anti-GPI IgG1. In addition, therapeutic administration of CGS after the onset of arthritis blocked further disease progression in association with reductions in the number of KRN GC-Tfh cells and anti-GPI IgG1 serum titers.
Strong A2aR signaling diverts autoreactive CD4 T cell differentiation away from the GC-Tfh cell lineage, thus reducing help for the differentiation of dangerous autoreactive B cells that promote arthritis. These data in a mouse model of autoimmune arthritis suggest that A2aR and its downstream signaling pathways in CD4 T cells may be promising therapeutic targets for interfering with potentially dangerous autoreactive GC-Tfh cell differentiation.