Reduction of muscle markers, such as creatine phosphokinase (CK), in rheumatic diseases and its association with reduced muscle mass may be of clinical importance in osteoarthritis (OA). Considering the complexity of secondary sarcopenia, clarifying the association between muscle markers and sarcopenia and disentangling the involvement of OA-related conditions are of clinical importance. We investigated the association between serum muscle biomarkers and sarcopenia among patients with OA, considering the presence of pain and inflammation.
Overall, 1425 patients with knee and hip OA scheduled for joint replacement surgery were included in a single-center cross-sectional study from Screening for People Suffering Sarcopenia in Orthopedic cohort of Kobe study. Primary outcome was sarcopenia defined by 2 criteria (the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People). Pain and inflammation were measured using the numeric rating scale and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, respectively. Associations between the biomarkers (serum CK, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) and sarcopenia were examined using logistic regression models.
Sarcopenia by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria was present in 4.0% of patients. In adjusted analyses, sarcopenia was negatively associated with higher serum CK levels, but not with serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase levels independent of pain score and serum CRP. Neither pain score nor serum CRP level was associated with sarcopenia. Similar results were found when the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People criteria were used.
Serum CK was associated with sarcopenia, suggesting the potential usefulness for sarcopenia detection regardless of pain or inflammation in OA.