To describe evidence-based management of patients presenting to family physicians with typical signs and symptoms of recent onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Articles for critical review were included if relevant to primary care management of early RA (less than 1 year duration). Sources included MEDLINE from 1966 to December 1995, the reference library of the Arthritis Community Research and Evaluation Unit, and conference abstracts.
Evidence from randomized, controlled trials supports the short-term benefit of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, disease-modifying agents for rheumatic diseases, intravenous pulse corticosteroid therapy, intra-articular therapy, aerobic exercise, patient education, psychologic intervention, home physiotherapy, home occupational therapy, and rehabilitation programs. Some evidence favours acetaminophen for analgesia, low-dose oral corticosteroids for symptom control, and referral to a rheumatologist. Evidence for rest, ice, and heat for symptom control is conflicting and based on low-quality studies.
Family physicians play an important role in establishing early and accurate diagnosis of RA, coordinating therapy, and providing ongoing support, education, and monitoring to patients and their families.