Lipoma Arborescens is a rare pathology that mainly affects the knee. Occurrences in the elbow are even more uncommon and mainly involve the bicipitoradial bursa.
We describe the case of a 54-year-old patient known for rheumatoid arthritis, who consulted for chronic elbow pain associated with swelling and limited extension.
The diagnosis of a lipoma arborescens of the elbow involving the whole joint was made using magnetic resonance imaging and confirmed during arthroscopy.
After a failed nonoperative treatment consisting in intra-articular cortisone injections and physiotherapy, the patient underwent arthroscopic synovectomy and arthrolysis.
At 1-year follow-up, he reported no pain, satisfactory range of motion, and major improvements in clinical scores.
This is the first illustrated case report about lipoma arborescens involving the whole elbow joint. Even though it is a rare disease, awareness of its presentation, imaging patterns, and treatment options is therefore important for clinicians, radiologists, and surgeons. In this case, arthroscopic treatment resulted in satisfactory and long-lasting pain relief and functional results. It may be considered as a safe and effective option in case of failed nonoperative measures.