Correlation between lumbar degenerative disease and degenerative disorders of the knee joint have often been reported, however, detailed research concerning lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (DS) who complicates osteoarthritis of the knee (KOA) are scarce.
A total of 184 consecutive surgically treated DS patients were identified, and divided into two groups: DS patients who complicate KOA (KOA group) and DS patients without KOA (non-KOA group). DS was defined as grade 1 or more, according to Meyerding's classification, and KOA was defined as grade 3 or more according to Kellgren-Lawrence classification. Clinical and the radiological differences of DS patients between KOA group and non-KOA group were investigated in order to clarify the features of DS patients who complicate KOA. Statistical significance using student's t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of complicating KOA in DS.
KOA group and non-KOA group consisted of 57 and 127 patients, respectively, with both group predominantly of female patients. Clinical features of KOA group were significantly high in age and body mass index (BMI), and more likely to complicate circulatory system disorders than non-KOA group. Radiological features of KOA group were significantly high in frequency of double adjacent level spondylolisthesis, Pelvic incidence (PI), Pelvic tilt (PT), and PI-LL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified coexistence of circulatory system disorders (OR 2.251, p = 0.024) and PI-LL (OR 1.04, p < 0.001) to be an independent predictors of complicating KOA in DS patients.
Older age and overweighted female patients coexistence of circulatory system disorders, containing double adjacent level spondylolisthesis with high PI, PT, and PI-LL were the characteristics of DS patients who complicate KOA, particularly coexistence of circulatory system disorders and significantly high lumbo-pelvic sagittal mismatch were the most significant factors above all.