This study aimed to determine the effects of denosumab treatment on the joint destruction of Japanese females with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies.
This retrospective longitudinal study included 56 patients treated with denosumab and 50 patients treated with bisphosphonate. All participants were positive for anti-CCP antibodies. All patients also had a history of osteoporosis treatment with bisphosphonate, which was either continued or switched to 60 mg of subcutaneous denosumab injection every 6 months. To assess the progression of joint destruction, hand and foot radiographs were taken, and changes in modified total Sharp score (mTSS), erosion score (ERO), and joint space narrowing score (JSN) were evaluated at 12 months and 24 months. The changes in BMD of the lumbar spine and hip were also assessed at 12 months.
At 12 months, there were significant differences in the change of ERO (p = 0.015) and mTSS (p = 0.01). Similarly, there were significant differences in the change of ERO (p = 0.013) and mTSS (p = 0.003) at 24 months. In contrast, no significant difference was observed in the changes of JSN and clinical parameters. There were significant differences in the changes in BMD in the femoral neck (p = 0.011) and total hip (p = 0.012).
Denosumab treatment might be effective for the inhibition of bone erosion progression in the patients with RA, and it potentially contributes to the treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of destructive arthritis in patients with switching treatment from bisphosphonate.