To describe Sydenham chorea among children in a cohort of patients with rheumatic fever (RF).
An existing database was used to identify demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, and therapy in persons with RF identified in Salt Lake City, Utah, from 1985 through January 2002.
Of 584 cases in the database, 537 (91%) were new-onset RF (median age of 10 years) and 177 (33%) had chorea. Patients with chorea were more often female (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.25-0.55, P < .0001) and were less likely to have carditis or arthritis. Prednisone treatment may lead to a shortened course of chorea (4.0 weeks in prednisone-treated [n = 32] vs 9.0 weeks in untreated [n = 14]; P < .0001). Among 33 patients seen at a median of 10.3 years (range 6.3-14.9 years) after their initial bout of chorea, 20% reported residual tremor or mood swings. Ten of the 33 (30%) had one or more recurrences of chorea.
Chorea affected one-third of the children with RF. Patients with chorea were less likely to have severe cardiac or rheumatologic complications of RF. Therapy with prednisone shortened the duration of rheumatic chorea; some reported recurrences of chorea and had minor neurologic sequelae.