Arthrodesis as well as total arthroplasty are well established but controversially discussed treatment options for end-stage osteoarthritis of the ankle joint. For guidance concerning the significance of both surgical procedures we have correlated our clinical, radiological and biomechanical data with an up-to-date literature review.
15 patients after arthrodesis because of an isolated end-stage osteoarthritis of the ankle joint were followed clinically and radiologically 4 (1.9-8.8) years after surgery. To evaluate the outcome, different scores (AOFAS, Kellgren and Lawrence) were used. In the second part of the study a dynamic foot model was implemented to simulate a foot strike in vitro utilising a cadaver foot. By controlling 6 extrinsic tendons via steel cables, a hydraulic force application and a moving ground plate, a foot strike was simulated. Intraarticular compression load was measured in the talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints with pressure-sensitive foils.
The mean AOFAS score for the subcategory pain was 28 ± 12 points. In the subcategory function the patients had a mean score of 38 ± 9 points summing up to a mean total AOFAS score of 66 ± 18 points. Six patients showed radiological evidence of degeneration of the talonavicular joint. For these patients the Kellgren and Lawrence score was 2.3 (1-4) points higher than for the opposite side. Concerning the subtalar joint in 6 patients the Kellgren and Lawrence score was 1.6 (1-3) points higher compared to the non-surgery side. In contrast we noted only one case with degeneration of the calcaneocuboid joint. The native trial utilising the foot model revealed a continuous rise of load transmission in both parts of the Chopart joint. After performing an arthrodesis, load transmission rose significantly in the second half of the foot strike concerning the talonavicular joint whereas the calcaneocuboid joint showed a decreased transmission of load.
Referring to published data complication rates after ankle arthrodesis are lower compared to total ankle arthroplasty whilst adjacent joint degeneration of the subtalar and talonavicular joints is more common.