We present a case report and a comprehensive review of the literature concerning aseptic meningoencephalitis and Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
We report a 44-year-old woman of primary SS with initial presentation of aseptic meningoencephalitis and a reversible magnetic resonance image (MRI) lesion in the medulla. The diagnosis of primary SS based on ocular dryness, lacrimal hyposecretion, secretory and excretory dysfunction from sialocintigraphy, and positive anti-SS-A antibodies. Corticosteroid and cyclophosphamide therapies reversed the neurological deficits and the MRI lesion.
Primary SS may have variable manifestations in the central nervous system which may precede the classic sicca symptoms. SS should be investigated in cases of aseptic meningoencephalitis even without clinical signs of xerostomia or xerophthalmia. MRI is useful in demonstrating brain lesions and in evaluating treatment efficacy of the SS.