The presence of hand osteoarthritis (OA) increases the risk for developing OA in other major joints. Although genetic predisposition has been implicated in its causation, its exact role has yet to be established. The association of hand OA with symptomatic and asymptomatic major joints has not been previously studied.
Hundred consecutive patients had a hand photo taken for visual documentation of the hand joints. Radiographs of hand and all major symptomatic joints were analyzed and classified using the Kellgren-Lawrence scale by 2 independent observers including an orthopedic radiologist.
Severe hand OA was present in 91% of the patients. Radiographic analysis showed that the hip was involved in 88% of the patients, of whom 85.2% (75) were symptomatic and 14.7% (13) were asymptomatic. Hip arthroplasty was required by 62.5% (55) of symptomatic hip patients. Knee involvement was present in 37% of the patients; all were symptomatic and 81.1% (30) of these required knee arthroplasty. Bilateral surgery was performed in 33% (28) and "2 joint (hip and knee)" surgery was performed in 6% (5). Spine involvement was present in 72% of the patients. There was a significant correlation between hand radiographic findings of OA and hip (r = 0.68; P = .03), knee (r = 0.58; P = .042), and spine (r = .39; P = .05) involvement.
There was a significant correlation between severe hand OA and hip, knee, and spine involvement. Severity of Hand OA can have a predictive value on multiple joint involvement and risk of surgical intervention. This study emphasizes the need to investigate the genetic predisposition in causation of OA.