To describe a case of joint infection by Aspergillus fumigatus in a unusual site (sacroiliac) and perform a systematic review of such cases described in the literature.
We performed a Medline search of the cases of fungal joint of Aspergillus fumigatus in the period ranging from 1970 to 2009.
Following PRISMA Guidelines, 15 cases including ours were reported during this period. Stem cell and solid organ transplantation, hematologic malignancy, and intra-articular steroids injection were the medical conditions found in such patients. The knee followed by the shoulder were the joints more affected. In the cases where synovial fluid analyses were reported, elevated cell count numbers could be found with a predominance of polymorphonuclear neutrophils.
Fungal joint arthritis is a rare clinical disease most frequently present in immuno-incompetent patients. Rheumatologists should be aware of this condition, where early diagnosis can be associated with good prognosis.