An all-patient postmarketing surveillance program was conducted to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of tocilizumab (TCZ) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the real-world clinical setting in Japan.
Patients received 8 mg/kg TCZ every 4 weeks and were observed for 28 weeks. Data were collected on patient characteristics, and drug safety and effectiveness.
A total of 7901 patients were enrolled. Percentages of total and serious adverse events (AE) were 43.9% and 9.6%, respectively. The most common serious AE were infections (3.8%). Logistic regression analysis identified the following risk factors for the development of serious infection: age ≥ 65 years, disease duration ≥ 10 years, previous or concurrent respiratory disease, and concomitant corticosteroid dose > 5 mg/day (prednisolone equivalent). The incidence rate of serious infections in patients with ≥ 3 risk factors was 11.2%, compared with 1.2% for patients without risk factors. The Week 28 rates of 28-joint Disease Activity Score-erythrocyte sedimentation rate remission, Boolean remission, and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Good Response were 47.6%, 15.1%, and 59.4%, respectively. Contributing factors for effectiveness were body weight ≥ 40 kg, less advanced RA, no previous biologics, no concomitant corticosteroids or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and low disease activity at baseline. From the benefit-risk balance analysis, patients with a high probability of remission and a low probability of developing serious infection were most likely to have less advanced RA and to have not received biologics previously.
These data confirm the safety and effectiveness of TCZ in patients with RA in the real-world clinical setting in Japan and identify factors that contribute to the successful use of TCZ for RA.