Infiltration of immune cells into the kidney is one of the key features of lupus nephritis (LN). The presence of immune cells in the urine may be used as a non-invasive biomarker of LN. Here, we aimed to analyze the clinicopathologic significance of urinary CD11c
The numbers and proportions of CD11c
Compared with patients without LN or those with non-proliferative LN, patients with proliferative LN had significantly higher numbers and proportions of urinary CD11c
The urinary levels of CD11c