To investigate the clinical associations of hand osteoarthritis (HOA) and their relationships with radiographic features.
A total of 446 patients with hand osteoarthritis (HOA; 233 with erosive HOA (EHOA) and 213 with non-EHOA) and 307 controls were evaluated. Demographic and clinical data from patients and controls were recorded based on medical records/clinical reports and an anamnesis of drug consumption. Posteroanterior radiographs of both hands were obtained from all HOA patients and were assessed using the Kellgren and Lawrence (K&L) and Kallman scoring systems.
After adjustment for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), HOA patients showed a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for hypercholesterolaemia [OR 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-3.16, p < 0.0005] and autoimmune thyroiditis (OR 4.85, 95% CI 1.77-13.29, p = 0.002), as well as for knee (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.09-2.44, p = 0.018) and hip OA (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.07-3.27, p = 0.029). No significant increase for systemic hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, and diabetes mellitus was found. Patients with EHOA and non-EHOA showed similar risks for the above-mentioned co-morbidities. A similar occurrence of clinical associations was also observed in patients with HOA alone and in those with generalized OA. No association between radiographic scores and clinical associations was observed.
Patients with HOA present a direct association with hypercholesterolaemia (and autoimmune thyroiditis) but do not show increased ischaemic cardiovascular manifestations compared to controls. No significant association between radiographic scores and co-morbidities was found.