The effectiveness of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for recovering ambulation and balance functions has not been investigated in detail. The present study aimed to measure functional changes in the lower limb before and after TKA by measuring ambulation function with the 3 m Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and balance function using one-leg standing time (ST).
The study included 137 patients (116 women and 21 men) with osteoarthritis of the knee who underwent primary TKA. The mean age of the patients was 74.4 years. The mean postoperative hospital stay for rehabilitation was 23.9 days. The TUG test and ST were performed preoperatively, 2 weeks postoperatively, at discharge, and 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. These results from these six measurements were also compared using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance.
The TUG test and ST were significantly improved at 3 months after surgery. However, both the TUG test and ST did not improve further from 3 months to 6 months postoperatively or from 6 months to 1 year postoperatively.
TKA is useful for restoring lower limb function, as both ambulation and balance functions were significantly improved 3 months after surgery. However, no further improvement in ambulation or balance function was recognized beyond 3 months.