To evaluate use of a British English version of the validated French FLARE-RA questionnaire among American English speaking patients. In addition, to create a culturally adapted American English (AmE) FLARE-RA questionnaire and to examine its attributes of patient-reported RA flare status.
Using standardized cultural adaptation guidelines, we cognitively debriefed 25 American English speaking rheumatoid arthritis (RA) outpatients and created AmE-FLARE-RA with their input. One hundred three additional RA patients were recruited. Patients completed the Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3), patient global visual analogue scale (VAS), AmE-FLARE-RA, and self-reports of flare. Physician global VAS, physician-assessed flare, swollen and tender joint count (TJC), and clinical disease activity index (CDAI) were documented. AmE-FLARE-RA and disease activity measures were compared between patient-reported and physician-reported flare categories.
Patients were female (89%), with mean (SD) age 51.1 (± 15.3) years and mean disease duration (SD) 11.9 (± 10.1) years, with 26% in remission/low disease activity. Total AmE-FLARE-RA scores, RAPID3, CDAI, and patient global VAS were significantly higher for both patient-reported flares and physician-reported flares compared with non-flaring patients by self- or physician report (p < 0.05). Total AmE-FLARE-RA scores correlated significantly with RAPID3 (corr = 0.50, p < 0.0001) and with CDAI (corr = 0.45, p < 0.0001). Across "no flares," "one flare," and "several flare" groups, there was a non-significant increase in AmE-FLARE-RA scores (p = 0.07).
The British English FLARE-RA was successfully adapted for AmE-speaking RA patients. AmE-FLARE-RA significantly correlated with RAPID3 and CDAI and distinguished between patient-reported and physician-reported flares, making it useful to detect flares in American RA patients.Key Points• The American English FLARE-RA (AmE-FLARE-RA) questionnaire is the result of cognitive debriefing with American RA patients using the British English version of the validated French FLARE-RA and incorporates patient-recommended language modifications..• Patients self-reporting flares had significantly higher AmE-FLARE-RA scores, compared with those without flares at the time of visit. AmE-FLARE-RA scores correlate with RAPID3 and CDAI.• There was a non-statistically significant trend using the AmE-FLARE-RA scores when examining patients with no flare, one flare, or several flares.• AmE-FLARE-RA total scores are uniformly elevated (~ 6.0 on a 0-10 scale), regardless of discordance between patient and MD assessment of flare at time of visit (~ 30%).