To present the data available supporting the existence of an arthropathy associated with hepatitis C infection.
The MEDLINE database was searched for "arthritis" intersecting with "hepatitis C" in addition to the authors' investigations and experience on this subject.
Arthritis, not otherwise explained, has been noted in 2% to 20% of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients. This arthritis is rheumatoid-like in two thirds of the cases and a waxing/waning oligoarthritis in the rest. Cryoglobulinemia alone does not explain the arthritis, and there is difficulty in differentiating it from rheumatoid arthritis. The arthropathy is nonerosive/nondeforming. Whereas nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, low-dose corticosteroids, and hydroxychloroquine may be helpful, conventional treatment of arthritis may be problematic in the context of viral hepatitic arthropathy. Antiviral therapy is most effective, even without viral clearance, but rheumatic complications may ensue.
HCV arthropathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of new-onset arthritis.