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this talk based on refs . @xcite@xcite ( where also an extensive list of references can be found ) follows closely an earlier report of ref . we shall discuss the scaling law , called geometrical scaling ( gs ) , which has been introduced in the context of dis @xcite . it has been also shown that gs is exhibited by the @xmath4 spectra at the lhc @xcite@xcite and that an onset of gs can be seen in heavy ion collisions at rhic energies @xcite . at low bjorken @xmath5 gluonic cloud in the proton is characterized by an intermediate energy scale @xmath6 , called saturation scale @xcite . @xmath6 is defined as the border line between dense and dilute gluonic systems ( for review see _ e.g. _ refs . @xcite ) . in the present paper we study the consequences of the very existence of @xmath6 ; the details of saturation phenomenon are here not of primary importance .    here we shall focus of four different pieces of data which exhibit both emergence and violation of geometrical scaling . in sect . [ method ] we briefly describe the method used to assess the existence of gs . secondly , in sect . [ dis ] we describe our recent analysis  @xcite of combined hera data @xcite where it has been shown that gs in dis works surprisingly well up to relatively large @xmath7 ( see also @xcite ) . next , in sect . [ pplhc ] , on the example of the cms @xmath1 spectra in central rapidity @xcite , we show that gs is also present in hadronic collisions . for particles produced at non - zero rapidities , one ( larger ) bjorken @xmath8 may be outside of the domain of gs , _ i.e. _ @xmath9 , and violation of gs should appear . in sect . [ ppna61 ] we present analysis of the pp data from na61/shine experiment at cern @xcite and show that gs is indeed violated once rapidity is increased . finally in sect . [ gsids ] we analyze identified particles spectra where the particle mass provides another energy scale which may lead to the violation of gs , or at least to some sort of its modification @xcite . we conclude in sect . [ concl ] . geometrical scaling hypothesis means that some observable @xmath10 depending in principle on two independent kinematical variables , like @xmath11 and @xmath12 , depends in fact only on a given combination of them , denoted in the following as @xmath13 : @xmath14 here function @xmath15 in eq . ( [ gsdef ] ) is a dimensionless universal function of scaling variable @xmath13 : @xmath16 and @xmath17 is the saturation scale . here @xmath18 and @xmath19 are free parameters which , however , are not of importance in the present analysis , and exponent @xmath20 is a dynamical quantity of the order of @xmath21 . throughout this paper we shall test the hypothesis whether different pieces of data can be described by formula ( [ gsdef ] ) with _ constant _ @xmath20 , and what is the kinematical range where gs is working satisfactorily .    as a consequence of eq . ( [ gsdef ] ) observables @xmath22 for different @xmath23 s should fall on a universal curve , if evaluated in terms of scaling variable @xmath13 . this means that ratios @xmath24 should be equal to unity independently of @xmath13 . here for some @xmath25 we pick up all @xmath26 which have at least two overlapping points in @xmath12 .    for @xmath27 points of the same @xmath28 but different @xmath11 s correspond in general to different @xmath13 s . therefore one has to interpolate @xmath29 to @xmath30 such that @xmath31 . this procedure is described in detail in refs . @xcite .    by adjusting @xmath20 one can make @xmath32 for all @xmath33 in a given interval . in order to find an optimal value @xmath34 which minimizes deviations of ratios ( [ rxdef ] ) from unity we form the chi - square measure@xmath35 where the sum over @xmath36 extends over all points of given @xmath23 that have overlap with @xmath37 , and @xmath38 is a number of such points . in the case of dis the relevant scaling observable is @xmath39 cross section and variable @xmath11 is simply bjorken @xmath11 . in fig . [ xlamlog ] we present 3-d plot of @xmath40 which has been found by minimizing ( [ chix1 ] ) .     obtained by minimization of eq . ( [ chix1]).,width=302 ]    qualitatively , gs is given by the independence of @xmath41 on bjorken @xmath11 and by the requirement that the respective value of @xmath42 is small ( for more detailed discussion see refs . one can see from fig . [ xlamlog ] that the stability corner of @xmath41 extends up to @xmath43 , which is well above the original expectations . in ref . @xcite we have shown that : @xmath44 spectra khachatryan:2010xs at 7 tev to 0.9 ( blue circles ) and 2.36 tev ( red triangles ) plotted as functions of @xmath45 ( left ) and scaling variable @xmath46 ( right ) for @xmath47 . , title="fig : " ]    spectra khachatryan:2010xs at 7 tev to 0.9 ( blue circles ) and 2.36 tev ( red triangles ) plotted as functions of @xmath45 ( left ) and scaling variable @xmath46 ( right ) for @xmath47 . , title="fig : " ]    in hadronic collisions at c.m . energy @xmath48 particles are produced in the scattering process of two patrons ( mainly gluons ) carrying bjorken @xmath11 s @xmath49 for central rapidities @xmath50 . in this case charged particles multiplicity spectra exhibit gs @xcite @xmath51 where @xmath15 is a universal dimensionless function of the scaling variable ( [ taudef ] ) . therefore the method of ratios can be applied to the multiplicity distributions at different energies ( @xmath52 taking over the role of @xmath53 in eq . ( [ rxdef ] ) ) as an inverse of ( [ rxdef ] ) ] . for @xmath54 we take the highest lhc energy of 7  tev . hence one can form two ratios @xmath55 with @xmath56 and @xmath57  tev . these ratios are plotted in fig . [ ratios1 ] for the cms single non - diffractive spectra for @xmath58 and for @xmath59 , which minimizes ( [ chix1 ] ) in this case . we see that original ratios plotted in terms of @xmath4 range from 1.5 to 7 , whereas plotted in terms of @xmath60 they are well concentrated around unity . the optimal exponent @xmath20 is , however , smaller than in the case of dis . why this so , remains to be understood . for @xmath61 two bjorken @xmath11 s can be quite different : @xmath62 . therefore by increasing @xmath63 one can eventually reach @xmath64 and gs violation should be seen . for that purpose we shall use pp data from na61/shine experiment at cern @xcite at different rapidities @xmath65 and at five scattering energies @xmath66 , and @xmath67 gev .     as functions of @xmath60 for the lowest rapidity @xmath68 : a ) for @xmath69 when @xmath70 and b ) for @xmath71 which corresponds to gs.,title="fig:",width=226 ]   as functions of @xmath60 for the lowest rapidity @xmath68 : a ) for @xmath69 when @xmath70 and b ) for @xmath71 which corresponds to gs.,title="fig:",width=226 ]     as functions of @xmath60 for @xmath71 and for different rapidities a ) @xmath72 and b ) @xmath73 . with increase of rapidity , gradual closure of the gs window can be seen.,title="fig:",width=226 ]   as functions of @xmath60 for @xmath71 and for different rapidities a ) @xmath72 and b ) @xmath73 . with increase of rapidity , gradual closure of the gs window can be seen.,title="fig:",width=226 ]    in fig . [ y01 ] we plot ratios @xmath74 ( [ rxdef ] ) for @xmath75 spectra in central rapidity for @xmath69 and 0.27 . for @xmath68 the gs region extends down to the smallest energy because @xmath76 is as large as 0.08 . however , the quality of gs is the worst for the lowest energy @xmath77 . by increasing @xmath63 some points fall outside the gs window because @xmath78 , and finally for @xmath79 no gs is present in na61/shine data . this is illustrated nicely in fig . in ref .  @xcite we have proposed that in the case of identified particles another scaling variable should be used in which @xmath80 is replaced by @xmath81 ( @xmath82  scaling ) , _ i.e. _ @xmath83 this choice is purely phenomenological for the following reasons . firstly , the gluon cloud is in principle not sensitive to the mass of the particle it finally is fragmenting to , so in principle one should take @xmath80 as an argument of the saturation scale . in this case the proper scaling variable would be @xmath84 however this choice ( @xmath85@xmath80  scaling ) does not really differ numerically from the one given by eq . ( [ taumtdef ] ) .    to this end let us see how scaling properties of gs are affected by going from scaling variable @xmath86 ( [ taudef ] ) to @xmath87 ( [ taumtdef ] ) and what would be the difference in scaling properties if we had chosen @xmath80 as an argument in the saturation scale leading to scaling variable @xmath88 ( [ taumtpdef ] ) . this is illustrated in fig . [ ratiosmandpt ] where we show analysis @xcite of recent alice data on identified particles @xcite . in fig . [ ratiosmandpt].a - c full symbols refer to the @xmath80  scaling ( [ taudef ] ) and open symbols to @xmath85  scaling or @xmath85@xmath80  scaling . one can see very small difference between open symbols indicating that scaling variables @xmath89 ( [ taumtdef ] ) and @xmath90 ( [ taumtpdef ] ) exhibit gs of the same quality . on the contrary @xmath80  scaling in variable @xmath91 ( [ taudef ] ) is visibly worse .    finally in fig . [ ratiosmandpt].d , on the example of protons , we compare @xmath85  scaling ( open symbols ) and @xmath92  scaling ( full symbols ) in variable @xmath93 for @xmath71 . one can see that no gs has been achieved in the latter case . qualitatively the same behavior can be observed for other values of @xmath20 .    , @xmath94 and @xmath95 for @xmath71 . full symbols correspond to ratios @xmath96 plotted in terms of the scaling variable @xmath91 , open symbols to @xmath94 and @xmath97 , note negligible differences between the latter two forms of scaling variable . panel a ) corresponds to pions , b ) to kaons and c ) to protons . in panel d ) we show comparison of geometrical scaling for protons in scaling variables @xmath94 and @xmath98 , no gs can be achieved in the latter case.,title="fig : " ] , @xmath94 and @xmath95 for @xmath71 . full symbols correspond to ratios @xmath96 plotted in terms of the scaling variable @xmath91 , open symbols to @xmath94 and @xmath97 , note negligible differences between the latter two forms of scaling variable . panel a ) corresponds to pions , b ) to kaons and c ) to protons . in panel d ) we show comparison of geometrical scaling for protons in scaling variables @xmath94 and @xmath98 , no gs can be achieved in the latter case.,title="fig : " ] + , @xmath94 and @xmath95 for @xmath71 . full symbols correspond to ratios @xmath96 plotted in terms of the scaling variable @xmath91 , open symbols to @xmath94 and @xmath97 , note negligible differences between the latter two forms of scaling variable . panel a ) corresponds to pions , b ) to kaons and c ) to protons . in panel d ) we show comparison of geometrical scaling for protons in scaling variables @xmath94 and @xmath98 , no gs can be achieved in the latter case.,title="fig : " ] , @xmath94 and @xmath95 for @xmath71 . full symbols correspond to ratios @xmath96 plotted in terms of the scaling variable @xmath91 , open symbols to @xmath94 and @xmath97 , note negligible differences between the latter two forms of scaling variable . panel a ) corresponds to pions , b ) to kaons and c ) to protons . in panel d ) we show comparison of geometrical scaling for protons in scaling variables @xmath94 and @xmath98 , no gs can be achieved in the latter case.,title="fig : " ] in ref .  @xcite we have shown that gs in dis works well up to rather large bjorken @xmath11 s with exponent @xmath99 . in pp collisions at the lhc energies in central rapidity gs is seen in the charged particle multiplicity spectra , however , @xmath59 in this case @xcite . by changing rapidity one can force one of the bjorken @xmath11 s of colliding patrons to exceed @xmath76 and gs violation is expected . such behavior is indeed observed in the na61/shine pp data @xcite . finally we have shown that for identified particles scaling variable @xmath13 of eq . ( [ taudef ] ) should be replaced by @xmath94 defined in eq . 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we argue that geometrical scaling ( gs ) proposed originally in the context of deep inelastic scattering ( dis ) at hera works also in pp collisions at the lhc energies and in na61/shine experiment . 
 we show that in dis gs is working up to relatively large bjorken @xmath0 . as a consequence negative pion 
 multiplicity @xmath1 distributions at na61/shine energies exhibit gs in mid rapidity region . for @xmath2 clear sign of scaling violations can be seen when one of the colliding partons has bjorken @xmath3 . 
 finally , we argue that in the case of identified particles gs scaling is still present but the scaling variable is a function of transverse mass rather than @xmath1 . 
 +   + pacs number(s ) : 13.85.ni,12.38.lg