In this era of globalization, highly skilled workers are continuously moving from poor to rich 
countries; this phenomenon raises a great deal of discussion and policy debate regarding the gains and loss of the brain drain. Highly skilled persons are needed in every part of the world specially trained technicians, engineers and health professionals; so developed countries attract skilled labour through better standards of living, quality of life, higher salaries, access to advanced technology, and more stable political polices. However, the developing nations face a considerable loss when these professionals migrate because they have invested in their education and training and pay high opportunity cost while the host country gains benefit directly because it did not bear the cost of educating them. Brain drain is becoming a global 
concern because of the importance of human capital in the growth process. Educated people 
are a nation’s asset and this trend of migration of highly educated people results in loss of this 
great asset which affects the economy and society as a whole. It has been observed that flight 
of highly educated and intellectuals folks create a great hurdle in the development of the poor nations because the investment in higher education and training by the native country will be 
lost when highly educated and skilled individuals leave the motherland and do not come back 
(Bhagwati & Hamada, 1974; Bhagwati, 1979; Durrani & Mir, 2007; Kousar, Rehman et al., 
2014; Monteleone & Torrisi, 2010). According to Kobayashi (2014), brain drain would raise 
the growth rate and economic prosperity in the host country but for the home or native 
countries, it will negatively affect the economic growth process.
It has been observed that only in OECD countries, there are 59 million migrants and among 
them, 20 million are highly skilled and belong to Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh 
(Pedersen et al., 2008). As Lucas (2005) analysed that migration of people between 1977 and 
2000, it was found that 2 percent of the brain drain from native countries to other countries 
were skilled or professional. While 18 percent of people were electricians, carpenters, and 
masons but as these economies are growing day by day, their demand for skilled labour and 
highly qualified people is also increasing. Moreover, developed nations announce different 
incentives like scholarships, an H1-B visa program in the United States, High skilled program 
by the United Kingdom and Australia, Green Card Scheme for Technology experts in Germany 
to attract highly skilled workers from poor nations. Pakistan is a poor country that is facing a 
serious problem of unemployment and low economic growth. Therefore, it is generally argued 
that migration of skilled and semi-skilled worker help to overcome the problem of 
unemployment and accelerate economic growth by providing remittances. However, it works 
for a short period while in the long run period, Pakistan will become a lack of professionals 
specifically in the health and education field and face economic and social loss created by the 
emigration of highly skilled professionals. Figure-1 indicates that the migration of highly skilled and semi-skilled workers is increasing 
from 2008 to 2019. The migration of skilled labour reached 45% in 2019 which was the highest 
during the last decade. Similarly, the emigration of highly skilled labour was 10.67 % in 2010 
and it decreased to 4.07% in 2019 but still, it is alarming for economic growth and 
development; as recently World Bank has identified that emigration of the skilled worker from 
Pakistan to rich countries is the main cause of its poor economic growth and development 
(Sajjad, 2011b). Therefore, to avoid the loss of trained professionals and unfavourable
influence caused by the emigration of talented people; it is necessary to research and analyse
the current situation of brain drain and explain the factors that push these professionals to 
migrate. This study is an attempt to understand the phenomenon of brain drain in-depth and 
identify the factors that push a skilled individual to migrate. 

This is the introduction of a research paper called "Macroeconomic Determinants of Brain Drain in the Era of Globalization: Evidence from Pakistan". I am also conducting a similar research paper titled "Determinants of Brain Drain in 21st Century: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh". Use the above introduction and merge your own information and write an introduction for my research paper in the context of Bangladesh in a way that doesn't sounds like AI written.
