key highlights of this text "we've tried to identify ways to design solid-fuel reactors to utilize thorium effectively and it's very challenging their capabilities look in terms of fuel utilization conversion ratio look remarkably similar to light water reactors SINAP the Shanghai Institute of Applied Science has a very aggressive program with Molten-Salt Reactors they're doing a two-pronged approach where they build solid-fuel test reactors with pebble fuel and also molten-salt dissolved Thorium Thorium? Huh? Thorium. NAME_1, dissolved Thorium fuel in the molten-salt similar to the (MSRE) Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment in America Why aren't we working on liquid fuel? well our lab is is specifically designed for the PBFHR the pebble fuel variant and- I mean the United States in general? Oh- Licensing. licensing a liquid fuel reactor commercially especially in the U.S. right now is scary anything that's different that's never been done before it seems like in the nuclear field- everybody wants to be number two this is one of the flaws that has impeded innovation in the nuclear energy technology area this is a first mover barrier because quite obviously once the answer comes out as to how the NRC (Nuclear Regulatory Commission) will manage that sort of question (regulation of liquid-fuel reactors) everybody knows what that answer is and and everybody else can free-ride in 2010 some of you may remember President NAME_2 in the State of The Union Address we need more production more efficiency more incentives and that means building a new generation of safe clean nuclear power plants in this country [applause] and both sides of the aisle, Republicans and Democrats stood up like he just talked about motherhood and apple pie or saluted the military we're all at Oak Ridge and the morning that we showed up one of the Oak Ridge guys came in with an announcement from the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS): we are gonna do this we're gonna own the I.P. (Intellectual Property) so you would think someone in our government would say maybe you shouldn't keep giving away this information coming back to what will be built, again, it's Light-Water Reactors I don't understand, what's going on here? Why are we spending money to build reactors based on the same concept we have been building ever since World War 2? I believe that the Light-Water Reactors, for the foreseeable future, will be a bridge between the industry of today and an industry of tomorrow what we've got is not a bridge to tomorrow but a but a protection of the status qu