In my view, NAME_1’s virtue theory does not provide a comprehensive assessment/treatment programme. Virtue theory serves primarily as a framework for understanding deficits—Ego deficits if you will—in particular patients, and provides an additional framework—particularly in conjunction family systems ideas—for understanding how those deficits in virtue emerged over the developmental history of the client. Most psychotherapies could operate within this framework, particularly behavioural, cognitive-behavioural, interpersonal, family and some forms of psychodynamic approaches. That being said, I also believe that virtue theory has direct application to assessment/treatment, and I have been experimenting with this approach with certain clients. Of course, it is important in therapy that the client or clients understand and agree with the therapeutic rationale. As with all psychotherapy, the addition of the virtue approach requires that the therapist and client(s) cocreate new narratives with input from the client. 
Let me illustrate therapeutic application with regard to the client described above. First, I should note that my therapeutic approach is Integrated Eclecticism, a theoretical position widely recognized in the US psychotherapy literature. This approach implies that I might use a variety of psychotherapies (cognitivebehavioural, behavioural, object relations, interpersonal) with a particular client, depending on my clinical judgment of client needs. With the client described above, early in treatment I used cognitive restructuring to deal with depressive and anxiety-provoking cognitions he was experiencing. I also employed family systems to deal with over involvement on his parents’ part. Later sessions have employed other cognitive-behavioural elements including problem solving, ‘the pie technique’, and imagery. On occasion, I have done role play with the client when dealing with anxiety about job applications and such. All along, I have endeavoured to weave together a shared narrative of his life, thus employing elements of dynamic psychotherapy. Hence, his treatment has fallen within the rubrics of Integrated Eclecticism. Introduction of NAME_1’s virtue theory into this mix occurred in the 18th session and happened as described above, somewhat by accident. However, in keeping with my Integrated Eclectic approach, both diagnostic and treatment applications appeared possible. As mentioned above, I did not view virtue theory as a complete therapeutic system but as an additional—but perhaps crucial— int