The empire was ruled mainly by NAME_1 her son NAME_2 in the spirit of enlightened absolutism. The two enlightened absolutist rulers realised the importance of the peasant class, as they also paid most of the taxes. They therefore limited the privileges of the nobility, made the nobility pay taxes and introduced social, public health and educational innovations. Their policies also made it possible for non-nobles to become officials. As a result, a class of officials emerged which was in favour of reforms and innovations.

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