Please reword and refine these paragraphs to improve their academic quality and grammatical structure. Ideally, the language should be similar to that found in the American Economic Review. Please note all the changes made. The subway system significantly alleviates traffic congestion, optimizes urban infrastructure, and promotes environmentally sustainable economic development due to its low energy consumption and high efficiency. However, the subway, regarded as the vital "lifeline of the city," is exceedingly susceptible to external disturbances during daily operations, such as natural disasters, accidents, and security emergencies. As a result, various adverse consequences arise, such as poor network connectivity within the subway system, congestion, and transfer of passenger flow, among others (NAME_1, 2018). 