<Why China’s pragmatic peace plan for the Ukraine conflict may also be the best

As China actively promotes itself as a peace negotiator in the Russia-Ukraine conflict, special envoy Li Hui began a tour of Russia, Ukraine, Poland, France and Germany last week. In a statement after his visit to Ukraine, he said there was “no panacea” to the crisis, but called on the parties to the conflict to “start with themselves” and “create conditions to stop the war and talk”.
While China’s provisions for peace, as spelled out in a 12-point blueprint, seem quite general, the initiative may have the best chance of success. China is the only mediator able to offer real economic incentives to all parties to the conflict.
The Covid-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to economies and supply chains. The United States and the European Union both responded to the pandemic by increasing state debt, lowering interest rates and injecting liquidity into markets. But this means they will not have much of a safety buffer in the face of future disruption.
China, on the other hand, had a more measured economic response to the pandemic. Now that it has lifted its zero-Covid policy, its economy is recovering fast.

In 2022, when the conflict in Ukraine broke out, the EU, the US and their allies miscalculated the effects of the unprecedented sanctions they imposed on Russia. While Russia accounts for only about 2 per cent of world gross domestic product, it is a major exporter of the raw materials that power global industries.

The sanctions pushed Russia towards the East, with China becoming a major economic partner. Meanwhile, the European Union has fallen into an energy crisis and dependency on American gas. European companies, including steel and chemical makers, have been shifting operations to the US, attracted by stable energy prices and tax incentives. But the US is not really in a position to help the EU when it has a debt crisis of its own.
China is the only global economic actor today that can offer benefits to all sides of the conflict in Ukraine, and to most of the rest of the world; it has the economic leverage to push both Russia and Ukraine.
Although China’s peace plan has received a mixed reception, it is worth noting that three points of the position paper released by the Chinese foreign ministry mention clear economic objectives: facilitating grain exports, stopping unilateral sanctions, and keeping industrial and supply chains stable.

Specifically, China states its support for the Black Sea Grain Initiative signed by 