Abstract 
Music events are a vital aspect of urban culture and entertainment, potentially offering socioeconomic benefits to host cities like Lagos, Nigeria’s economic center. However, there has been little research on their economic impact. This study aims to identify the role of music events in sustainable development in Lagos and examine the relationship with local community development. It will use a quantitative approach and an online poll targeting event planners, venue owners, musicians, policymakers, and locals. Ultimately, the study aims to provide advice and insights for using music festivals in promoting sustainable urban development in Lagos.
Introduction
Music events form an increasingly significant component of the cultural and entertainment landscape in many cities worldwide, offering not only entertainment but also potential socio-economic benefits to their host communities (Gursoy et al., 2017). Lagos, a vibrant metropolis and the economic hub of Nigeria, has witnessed a surge in the hosting of various local and international music events in recent years, ranging from concerts and festivals to music awards ceremonies (Adeaga & Oladipo, 2020). These events have contributed to the popularity of Lagos as a cultural destination while providing opportunities for revenue generation, job creation, and local community development (Gibson & Connell, 2016).

Despite the perceived significance of music events within the city, existing literature has not sufficiently explored the diverse socio-economic impacts emanating from these events in the context of Lagos (Karim, 2019). This gap in research presents the need for a comprehensive investigation into the consequences of music events in relation to the city’s economic growth, social well-being, and cultural development (Abbey & Tunji, 2020). Therefore, this study aims to explore the socio-economic impacts of music events in Lagos, with a focus on identifying the various stakeholders involved and the potential opportunities and challenges faced by the city in leveraging music events for sustainable development (Balogun, 2021). This research will contribute to an enhanced understanding of the role of music events in urban development and provide valuable insights for policymakers, event organizers, and the musical community in Lagos (Ogunleye & Adeyemo, 2020).

Research statement: This study seeks to investigate the socio-economic impacts of music events in Lagos, examining the relationship between these events and local community development while highlighting key implications for policy and practice (Abbey & Tunji, 2020).

Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the socio-economic impacts of music events in Lagos and understand their role in the city’s development.
To achieve this aim, the associated objectives are:

1. To examine the different types of music events hosted in Lagos and their contribution to the local economy (Karim, 2019).
2. To identify key stakeholders involved in organizing and benefiting from music events (Ogunleye & Adeyemo, 2020).
3. To evaluate the social and cultural impacts of music events on local communities and the city’s identity (Balogun, 2021).
4. To provide recommendations to effectively capitalize on music events for promoting sustainable urban development in Lagos (Abbey & Tunji, 2020).


Literature Review
Numerous studies in the field of cultural and event tourism have focused on the socio-economic effects of music events (Connell & Gibson, 2015; Gursoy et al., 2017). The economic impact of music events is a significant area of study, and it is frequently assessed using metrics including direct spending, income generation, job creation, and multiplier effects (Gibson & Connell, 2016). Several scholars noted the positive economic contributions of music events, ranging from large-scale international festivals to smaller local concerts. For instance, Gursoy et al. (2017) found that music events significantly contribute to a city’s GDP, create job opportunities, and attract additional spending from visitors, thereby enhancing the local economy. In the context of Lagos, Adeaga & Oladipo (2020) reported that the hosting of music events has led to an increase in tourist arrivals and contributed to a growing cultural tourism market in the city.

Several studies have also examined the multiple ways in which music events benefit local communities and contribute to cultural development (Smith, 2014; Waitt, 2018). For example, music events have been associated with fostering social cohesion and a sense of belonging among local residents (Connell & Gibson, 2015) and have served as vehicles for cultural exchange and the promotion of local cultures and identities (Chalip, 2017). Moreover, music events can act as catalysts for urban regeneration and the revitalization of public spaces, offering opportunities to enhance the quality of urban environments and improve the attractiveness of a city for residents and tourists alike (Frost & Laing, 2018). Yet,  these events can give rise to negative consequences, Like traffic congestion, noise pollution, and the displacement of local communities (Smith, 2014). Furthermore, the temporary nature of some events may limit their long-term benefits for host cities, while the high costs associated with organizing large-scale events may outweigh the potential economic gains (Connell & Gibson, 2015). In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic and related public health measures have severely impacted the music events industry globally. The pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of the music events industry and the need for resilient and adaptive strategies to sustain its socio-economic impacts. Furthermore, the pandemic has presented an opportunity to explore new and innovative ways of hosting music events, such as virtual events and hybrid models that combine physical and digital experiences (Gursoy et al., 2021). Therefore, a balanced and comprehensive understanding is essential when examining the socio-economic impacts of music events (Gursoy et al., 2017). 

In order to provide a holistic assessment of these impacts, studies have employed various research methodologies, including qualitative case studies, surveys, and interviews with stakeholders, as well as quantitative analyses of economic indicators (Connell & Gibson, 2015). Partnerships between researchers, event organizers, policymakers, and local communities have been emphasized in order to generate context-sensitive knowledge that can inform practical decision-making (Smith, 2014; Waitt, 2018). Although previous research has advanced our understanding of the socio-economic impacts of music events, much of this work has been conducted in Western countries, while the African context (and Lagos in particular) remains considerably underexplored (Adeaga & Oladipo, 2020). Given the unique characteristics of Lagos, including its status as a major cultural hub in Sub-Saharan Africa, the findings from Western-based studies may not be fully applicable to this context (Gibson & Connell, 2016).

Moreover, emerging research attests to the diversity and complexity of the impacts of music events, indicating the need for context-specific analyses that take into account the different types of events, their scope and scale, and the local socio-economic conditions (Connell & Gibson, 2015; Gursoy et al., 2017). As Lagos continues to expand its music events scene, there is a pressing need for research that guides the city’s efforts to capitalize on these events in a sustainable and inclusive manner (Adeaga & Oladipo, 2020).

Research Methodology
A quantitative study design, involving the gathering and analysis of numerical data, will be used to investigate the socio-economic effects of music events in Lagos (Creswell, 2018). This method was chosen because it can offer an organized and impartial evaluation of the connection between musical events and their alleged socioeconomic effects. The requirement to clearly comprehend the economic benefits of music events through the use of particular technologies that will be utilized for data analysis is another factor that influences the decision to do quantitative research. A Work Plan for the planned study is shown below.




Research philosophy and approach:The research philosophy underpinning this study subscribes to pragmatism, acknowledging that both objective and subjective realities influence the socio-economic impacts of music events and the experiences of various stakeholders (Saunders et al., 2019). In order to create a deeper grasp of the topic, the researcher uses an abductive technique, switching between empirical evidence and theoretical insights (Nunkoo, 2018).

Sampling: Participants in this study who plan events, run local venues, are musicians, decision-makers, and members of the Lagos community. This research will use a probability sampling technique to select participants who have knowledge or experience with music events in Lagos (Flick, 2018). A sample of not less than 500 respondents will be targeted for the survey, and these will be randomly selected from social media and professional networks.

Data collection: Event planners, venue owners, musicians, policymakers, and members of the general public in Lagos will be surveyed online to gather primary data. To gauge participants' impressions of the economic, social, and cultural effects of music events in Lagos, the survey will include closed-ended questions. Google forms will be used to gather data, and Excel will be used to evaluate it. To supplement and triangulate the primary data, secondary data will also be gathered from a variety of sources, including government reports, industry statistics, and event assessments (Saunders et al., 2019).

Data analysis: In order to establish correlations between musical events and their alleged socioeconomic effects, the quantitative survey data will be evaluated using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis (Field, 2013). In order to analyze the data, applications like SPSS and Excel would be used. 

Ethical Considerations: In terms of anonymity, confidentiality, and informed consent, this research will abide by accepted ethical standards (Sanders et al., 2019). All participants will be asked for their informed consent, and they will be made aware of their freedom to leave the study at any time without penalty. The information gathered will be safely preserved and utilized just for this research (Silver & Woolf, 2018). Before beginning data collecting, the internal institutional review board (IRB) will be consulted for approval of the study.



Conclusion
The results of this study have the potential to provide politicians, event planners, and the music industry with useful suggestions for utilizing music events for sustainable urban development and promoting the city as an up-and-coming cultural hub in Sub-Saharan Africa.











For the above research proposal, rewrite the Literature Review section in 400 words using the same tone