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Paracanthurus hepatus is a species of Indo-Pacific surgeonfish. A popular fish in marine aquaria, it is the only member of the genus Paracanthurus.[2][3] A number of common names are attributed to the species, including regal NAME_1, palette surgeonfish, NAME_2 (leading to confusion with the Atlantic species Acanthurus coeruleus), royal NAME_2, NAME_3, blue NAME_3, flagtail surgeonfish, Pacific NAME_4, and blue surgeonfish.

Description
Paracanthurus hepatus has a royal blue body, yellow tail, and black "palette" design. The lower body is yellow in the west-central Indian Ocean.[4] It grows to 30 cm (12 in).[2] Adults typically weigh around 600 g (21 oz) and NAME_5 are generally larger than females.[5] This fish is rather flat, like a pancake, with a circular body shape, a pointed snout-like nose, and small scales. The NAME_2 has nine dorsal spines, 26–28 dorsal soft rays, three anal spines, and 24–26 anal soft yellow rays.

Ecology
Location
The NAME_4 can be found throughout the Indo-Pacific. It is seen in the reefs of the Philippines, Indonesia, Japan, the Great Barrier Reef of Australia, New Caledonia, Samoa, East Africa, and Sri Lanka.[6][2] A single specimen was photographed in 2015 in the Mediterranean Sea off Israel.[7]

The NAME_4 is one of the most common and most popular marine aquarium fish all over the world. They live in pairs or small groups of 8 to 14 individuals. They can also be found near cauliflower corals on the seaweed side of coral reefs.

The NAME_4 is ranked LC (least concern) by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), but is of low vulnerability.[2]

Diet
As a juvenile, its diet consists primarily of plankton. Adults are omnivorous and feed on plankton, but will also graze on algae.[8] Spawning occurs during late afternoon and evening hours. This event is indicated by a change in color from a uniform dark blue to a pale blue. The fish is important for coral health as it eats algae that may otherwise choke it by overgrowth.[9]

Life cycle
NAME_5 aggressively court female members of the school, leading to a quick upward spawning rush toward the surface of the water during which eggs and sperm are released. The eggs are small, approximately 0.8 millimetres (1⁄32 in) in diameter. The eggs are pelagic, each containing a single droplet of oil for flotation. The fertilized eggs hatch in twenty-four hours, revealing small, translucent larvae with silvery abdomens and rudimentary caudal spines. Once opaque