Surface tension of the core-crust interface of neutron stars with global charge neutrality
It has been shown recently that taking into account strong, weak, electromagnetic, and gravitational interactions, and fulfilling the global charge neutrality of the system, a transition layer will happen between the core and crust of neutron stars, at the nuclear saturation density. We use relativistic mean field theory together with the Thomas-Fermi approximation to study the detailed structure of this transition layer and calculate its surface and Coulomb energy. We find that the surface tension is proportional to a power-law function of the baryon number density in the core bulk region. We also analyze the influence of the electron component and the gravitational field on the structure of the transition layer and the value of the surface tension, to compare and contrast with known phenomenological results in nuclear physics. Based on the above results we study the instability against Bohr-Wheeler surface deformations in the case of neutron stars obeying global charge neutrality. Assuming the core-crust transition at nuclear density ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{core}}\ensuremath{\approx}2.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}$ g cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, we find that the instability sets the upper limit to the crust density, ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{crust}}^{\mathrm{crit}}\ensuremath{\approx}1.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}$ g cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. This result implies a nonzero lower limit to the maximum electric field of the core-crust transition surface and makes inaccessible a limit of quasilocal charge neutrality in the limit ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{crust}}={\ensuremath{\rho}}_{\mathrm{core}}$. The general framework presented here can be also applied to study the stability of sharp phase transitions in hybrid stars as well as in strange stars, both bare and with outer crust. The results of this work open the way to a more general analysis of the stability of these transition surfaces, accounting for other effects such as gravitational binding, centrifugal repulsion, magnetic field induced by rotating electric field, and therefore magnetic dipole-dipole interactions.