Contribution of evanescent waves to the effective medium of disordered waveguides
We consider a wave propagating through a thin disordered slab inside a wire or waveguide of finite width. In the dense weak-scattering limit, the statistics for the complex reflection and transmission coefficients (the coherent field) is found to depend dramatically on the contribution of evanescent modes or closed channels, leading to an effective refractive index whose real part is quite sensitive to the closed-channels inclusion. In contrast, evanescent modes play no role in the statistical average of transmittances and reflectances. The theoretical predictions, based on the perturbative Born series expansion, are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations in disordered wires.