Core-fringe link prediction
Data collection often involves the partial measurement of a larger system. A common example arises in the process collecting network data: we often obtain network datasets by recording all of the interactions among a small set of core nodes, so that we end up with a measurement of the network consisting of these core nodes together with a potentially much larger set of fringe nodes that have links to the core. Given the ubiquity of this process for assembling network data, it becomes crucial to understand the role of such a core-fringe structure. 
Here we study how the inclusion of fringe nodes affects the standard task of network link prediction. One might initially think the inclusion of any additional data is useful, and hence that it should be beneficial to include all fringe nodes that are available. However, we find that this is not true; in fact, there is substantial variability in the value of the fringe nodes for prediction. In some datasets, once an algorithm is selected, including any additional data from the fringe can actually hurt prediction performance; in other datasets, including some amount of fringe information is useful before prediction performance saturates or even declines; and in further cases, including the entire fringe leads to the best performance. While such variety might seem surprising, we show that these behaviors are exhibited by simple random graph models.