Observational evidence favors a static universe
The common attribute of all Big Bang cosmologies is that they are based on the assumption that the universe is expanding. However examination of the evidence for this expansion clearly favors a static universe. The major topics considered are: Tolman surface brightness, angular size, type 1a supernovae, gamma ray bursts, galaxy distributions, quasar distributions, X-ray background radiation, cosmic microwave background radiation, radio source counts, quasar variability and the Butcher{Oemler eect. An analysis of the best raw data for these topics shows that they are consistent with expansion only if there is evolution that cancels the eects of expansion. An alternate cosmology, curvature cosmology, is a