Temporal Convolutional Networks and Dynamic Time Warping can Drastically Improve the Early Prediction of Sepsis
Motivation: Sepsis is a life-threatening host response to infection associated with high mortality, morbidity and health costs. Its management is highly time-sensitive since each hour of delayed treatment increases mortality due to irreversible organ damage. Meanwhile, despite decades of clinical research robust biomarkers for sepsis are missing. Therefore, detecting sepsis early by utilizing the affluence of highresolution intensive care records has become a challenging machine learning problem. Recent advances in deep learning and data mining promise a powerful set of tools to efficiently address this task. Results: This paper proposes two approaches for the early detection of sepsis: a new deep learning model (MGP-TCN) and a data mining model (DTW-KNN). MGP-TCN employs a temporal convolutional network as embedded in a Multitask Gaussian Process Adapter framework, making it directly applicable to irregularly spaced time series data. Our DTW-KNN is an ensemble approach that employs dynamic time warping. We then frame the timely detection of sepsis as a supervised time series classification task. For this, we derive the most recent sepsis definition in an hourly resolution to provide the first fully accessible early sepsis detection environment. Seven hours before sepsis onset, our methods MGPTCN/DTW-KNN improve area under the precision–recall curve from 0.25 to 0.35/0.40 over the state of the art. This demonstrates that they are well-suited for detecting sepsis in the crucial earlier stages when management is most effective. Availability: We make our methods and scripts available under https://osf.io/av5yx/?view_only=a6e3442634b34d53ba6e59c4a956b318 Contact: karsten.borgwardt@bsse.ethz.ch Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.