Problem Theory
We define a problem theory from first principles. We investigate the objects of this theory: problems, resolutions, and solutions. We relate problem theory with set theory and with computing theory. We find taxonomies for resolutions and for problems. We build a hierarchy of resolvers: mechanism, adaptor, internalizer, learner, and subject. We show that the problem theory is complete, that is, that there are just three ways to resolve any problem: routine, trial, and analogy. Finally, we propose a thesis: We are Turing complete subjects because we are the result of an evolution of resolvers of the survival problem.