10177775
Enhanced knowledge management with eXtensible Rule Markup Language
XML has become the standard platform for structured data exchange on the Web. Next concern of semantic Web is the exchange of rules in markup language form. The rules should be represented in such a way as to allow software agents to process and browse them for human comprehension. For this purpose, we propose a language eXtensible Rule Markup Language (XRML). XRML is composed of rule identification, rule structure, and rule triggering markup languages. In XRML, a critical concern is how to extract the structured rules implicitly embedded in the Web pages and keep consistency between the two. By using the XRML, the Web based knowledge management systems (KMS) can be integrated with rule-based expert systems. The advanced architecture with XRML can extend the application of KMS to automated form processing, preventive auditing, rule exchange and integration, and agent-based e-commerce.
9006063
Performance evaluation model for buyer-carts in B2B EC
Even though B2B EC is becoming popular, there have been not so much studies about performance evaluation methodology for B2B systems. In this paper, after analyzing buyer carts systematically focusing on the buyer's interactional efforts on the typical buying processes of each buyer cart, we propose a quantitative performance evaluation model. For this, we categorize buyer carts in B2B EC as s-cart, i-cart, and b-cart depending upon its residing sites: seller, intermediary, and buyer sites. And after proposing the desired features of buyer carts in B2B EC as identification, collection, trashing, ordering, payment, tracking, recording, purchasing decision support, and transmission of records to e-procurement systems, we derive a performance evaluation model by calculating detail subprocesses from the desired features' viewpoints. By setting variables from interviews of business buyers in 30 listed companies in Korea, we try to evaluate the performance of buyer-carts in B2B EC. In this paper, we suggest a new methodology of performance evaluation for B2B systems, and show that the b-cart platform is more efficient than other buyer carts especially in B2B EC.
9952889
Extraction of Structured Rules from Web Pages and Maintenance of Mutual Consistency: XRML Approach
Web pages provide valuable knowledge for human comprehension in text, tables, and mathematical notations. However, the extraction and maintenance of structured rules from the Web pages are not easy tasks. To tackle these problems, we adopt the eXtensible Rule Markup Language framework. The RIML (Rule Identification Markup Language) and RSML (Rule Structure Markup Language) are two compliant representations in XRML for this purpose. RIML identifies the implicit rules in the Web pages possibly using multiple pages to make a rule or rule group. RSML specifies the complete rule structure to be processed by software agents or expert systems. 
 
In this study, we cover the natural text, tables, and implicit numeric functions in the texts. In order to fulfill the research goal, we define the necessary tags for the rule extraction and maintenance in XRML. Typical ones include tags for rule grouping, tabular rules, numeric operators, and functions. The rule acquisition process consists of rule base design, rule identification with RIML, and rule structuring with RSML. The maintenance process for the revisions that may occur either in Web pages and structured rules is also described. The approach is demonstrated with the shipping cost comparison on the electronic book stores.
393666
DAS: Intelligent Scheduling Systems for Shipbuilding
Daewoo Shipbuilding Company, one of the largest shipbuilders in the world, has experienced great deal of trouble with the planning and scheduling of its production process. To solve the problems, from 1991 to 1993, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) and Daewoo jointly conducted the Daewoo Shipbuilding Scheduling (das) Project. To integrate the scheduling expert systems for shipbuilding, we used a hierarchical scheduling architecture. To automate the dynamic spatial layout of objects in various areas of the shipyard, we developed spatial scheduling expert systems. For reliable estimation of person-hour requirements, we implemented the neural network-based person-hour estimator. In addition, we developed the paneled-block assembly shop scheduler and the long-range production planner. For this large-scale project, we devised a phased development strategy consisting of three phases: (1) vision revelation, (2) data-dependent realization, and (3) prospective enhancement. The DAS systems were successfully launched in January 1994 and are actively being used as indispensable systems in the shipyard, resulting in significant improvement in productivity and visible and positive effects in many areas.
9935268
Case and Constraint-Based Apartment Construction Project Planning System: FASTrak-APT
To effectively generate a fast and consistent apartment construction project network, Hyundai and KAIST have developed a case and constraint based project planning expert system for apartment domain, FASTrak-APT, inspired by the fact that human expert project planner uses previous cases for planning a new project and modifies them using her/his knowledge on domain constraints. This largescale, case based and mixed-initiative planning system integrated with intensive constraint-based adaptation utilizes semantic level meta-constraints and human decisions for compensating incomplete cases imbedding specific planning knowledge. The case and constraint based architecture inherently supports cross-checking cases with constraints during the system development and maintenance. This system has drastically reduced the time and effort required for initial project planning, improved the quality and completeness of the generated plans, and is expected to give the company the competitive advantage in contract bids for new contracts.
13302890
An Efficient and Scalable Management of Ontology
OWL is a recommended language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the Semantic Web. To manage the ontologies, several OWL data management systems have been proposed. However, the existing systems have limitations of the scalability and the reasoning. In this paper, we propose an OWL data management system, ONTOMS, which stores OWL data into class based relations, performs complete inverseOf, symmetric, and transitive reasoning for instances, and efficiently evaluates OWL-QL queries against ontologies in a relational database.
12138219
Emergency response after 9/11: the potential of real-time 3D GIS for quick emergency response in micro-spatial environments
Terrorist attacks at the World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001, not only affected multi-level structures in urban areas but also impacted upon their immediate environment at the street level in ways that considerably reduced the speed of emergency response. In this paper, we examine the potential of using real-time 3D GIS for the development and implementation of GIS-based intelligent emergency response systems (GIERS) that aim at facilitating quick emergency response to terrorist attacks on multi-level structures (e.g. multi-story office buildings). We outline a system architecture and a network data model that integrates the ground transportation system with the internal conduits within multi-level structures into a navigable 3D GIS. We examine important implementation issues of GIERS, especially the need for wireless and mobile deployment. Important decision support functionalities of GIERS are also explored with particular reference to the application of network-based shortest path algorithms. Finally, we present the results of an experimental implementation of an integrated 3D network data model using a GIS database of Franklin County, Ohio (USA). Our study shows that response delay within multi-level structures can be much longer than delays incurred on the ground transportation system, and GIERS have the potential for considerably reducing these delays.
358063
Basic compiler algorithms for parallel programs
Traditional compiler techniques developed for sequential programs do not guarantee the correctness (sequential consistency) of compiler transformations when applied to parallel programs. This is because traditional compilers for sequential programs do not account for the updates to a shared variable by different threads. We present a concurrent static single assignment (CSSA) form for parallel programs containing cobegin/coend and parallel do constructs and post/wait synchronization primitives. Based on the CSSA form, we present copy propagation and dead code elimination techniques. Also, a global value numbering technique that detects equivalent variables in parallel programs is presented. By using global value numbering and the CSSA form, we extend classical common subexpression elimination, redundant load/store elimination, and loop invariant detection to parallel programs without violating sequential consistency. These optimization techniques are the most commonly used techniques for sequential programs. By extending these techniques to parallel programs, we can guarantee the correctness of the optimized program and maintain single processor performance in a multiprocessor environment.
11330211
Resolving References to Graphical Objects in Multimodal Queries by Constraint Satisfaction
In natural language queries to an intelligent multimodal system, ambiguities related to referring expressions - source ambiguities - can occur between items in the visual display and objects in the domain being represented. A multimodal interface has to be able to resolve these ambiguities in order to provide satisfactory communication with a user. In this paper, we briefly introduce source ambiguities, and present the formalisation of a constraint satisfaction approach to interpreting singular referring expressions with source ambiguities. In our approach, source ambiguities are resolved simultaneously with other referent ambiguities, allowing flexible access to various sorts of knowledge.
34057392
Rule identification from Web pages by the XRML approach
In the world of Web pages, there are oceans of documents in natural language texts and tables. To extract rules from Web pages and maintain consistency between them, we have developed the framework of XRML (eXtensible Rule Markup Language). XRML allows the identification of rules on Web pages and generates the identified rules automatically. For this purpose, we have designed the Rule Identification Markup Language (RIML), which is similar to the formal Rule Structure Markup Language (RSML), both as parts of XRML. RIML 2.0 is designed to identify rules not only from texts, but also from tables on Web pages, and to transform to the formal rules in RSML syntax automatically. While designing RIML 2.0, we considered the features of sharing variables and values, omitted terms, and synonyms. We have conducted an experiment to evaluate the potential benefit of the XRML approach with real world Web pages of Amazon.com, BarnesandNoble.com, and Powells.com. We found that 100.0% of the rules and 99.7% of the rule components could be identified and automatically generated if we do not count the statements for linkages, which generically do not exist on the Web pages. Since the linkage components occupy 11.2% of all components in the rule base, the overall limitation of automatic rule generation is 88.8%. In this setting, 88.5% of the overall rule components could be generated from the identified rules from the Web pages. The result provides solid proof that XRML can facilitate the extraction and maintenance of rules from Web pages while building expert systems in the Semantic Web environment.