16545062
Nearest neighbor and reverse nearest neighbor queries for moving objects
With the proliferation of wireless communications and the rapid advances in technologies for tracking the positions of continuously moving objects, algorithms for efficiently answering queries about large numbers of moving objects increasingly are needed. One such query is the reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) query that returns the objects that have a query object as their closest object. While algorithms have been proposed that compute RNN queries for non-moving objects, there have been no proposals for answering RNN queries for continuously moving objects. Another such query is the nearest neighbor (NN) query, which has been studied extensively and in many contexts. Like the RNN query, the NN query has not been explored for moving query and data points. This paper proposes an algorithm for answering RNN queries for continuously moving points in the plane. As a part of the solution to this problem and as a separate contribution, an algorithm for answering NN queries for continuously moving points is also proposed. The results of performance experiments are reported.
1348801
Using differential technlques to efficiently support transaction time
We present an architecture for query processing in the relational model extended with transaction time. The architecture integrates standard query optimization and computation techniques with new differential computation techniques. Differential computation computes a query incrementally or decrementally from the cahced and indexed results of previous computations. The use of differential computation techniques is essential in order to provide efficient processing of queries that access very large temporal relations. Alternative query plans are integrated into a state transition network, where the state space includes backlogs of base relations, cached results from previous computations, a cache index, and intermediate results; the transitions include standard relational algebra operators, operators for constructing differential files, operators for differential computation, and combined operators. A rule set is presented to prune away parts of state transition networks that are not promising, and dynamic programming techniques are used to identify the optimal plans from the remaining state transition networks. An extended logical access path serves as a “structuring” index on the cached results and contains, in addition, vital statistics for the query optimization process (including statistics about base relations, backlogs, and queries-previously computed and cached, previously computed, or just previously estimated).
44396365
Specification-based data reduction in dimensional data warehouses
Presents a powerful and easy-to-use technique for aggregation-based data reduction that enables the gradual change of the data from being detailed to being increasingly aggregated. The technique enables huge storage gains while retaining the data that is essential to the users, and it preserves the ability to query original and reduced data in an integrated manner.
1655888
Supporting imprecision in multidimensional databases using granularities
Online analytical processing (OLAP) technologies are being used widely, but the lack of effective means of handling data imprecision, which occurs when exact values are not known precisely or are entirely missing, represents a major obstacle in applying these technologies in many domains. The paper develops techniques for handling imprecision that aim to maximally reuse existing OLAP modeling constructs such as dimension hierarchies and granularities. With imprecise data available in the database, queries are tested to determine whether or not they may be answered precisely given the available data; if not, alternative queries unaffected by the imprecision are suggested. When processing queries affected by imprecision, techniques are proposed that take into account the imprecision in the grouping of the data, in the subsequent aggregate computation, and in the presentation of the imprecise result to the user. The approach is capable of exploiting existing OLAP query processing techniques such as pre-aggregation, yielding an effective approach with low computational overhead and that may be implemented using current technology.
45102117
Temporal specialization
The authors explore a variety of temporal relations with specialized relationships between transaction and valid time. An example is a retroactive temporal event relation, where the event must have occurred before it was stored, i.e., the valid time-stamp is restricted to be less than the transaction time-stamp. The authors discuss many useful restrictions, defining a large number of specialized types of temporal relations, and indicate some of their applications. A detailed taxonomy of specialized temporal relations is presented. This taxonomy may be used during database design to specify the particular time semantics of temporal relations.<<ETX>>
1723263
Multidimensional data modeling for location-based services
Abstract.With the recent and continuing advances in areas such as wireless communications and positioning technologies, mobile, location-based services are becoming possible.Such services deliver location-dependent content to their users. More specifically, these services may capture the movements and requests of their users in multidimensional databases, i.e., data warehouses, and content delivery may be based on the results of complex queries on these data warehouses. Such queries aggregate detailed data in order to find useful patterns, e.g., in the interaction of a particular user with the services.The application of multidimensional technology in this context poses a range of new challenges. The specific challenge addressed here concerns the provision of an appropriate multidimensional data model. In particular, the paper extends an existing multidimensional data model and algebraic query language to accommodate spatial values that exhibit partial containment relationships instead of the total containment relationships normally assumed in multidimensional data models. Partial containment introduces imprecision in aggregation paths. The paper proposes a method for evaluating the imprecision of such paths. The paper also offers transformations of dimension hierarchies with partial containment relationships to simple hierarchies, to which existing precomputation techniques are applicable.
14098973
CryptoCache: a secure sharable file cache for roaming users
Small mobile computers are now sufficiently powerful to run many applications, but storage capacity remains limited so working files cannot be cached or stored locally. Even if files can be stored locally, the mobile device is not powerful enough to act as server in collaborations with other users. Conventional distributed file systems cache everything locally or not at all; there is no possibility to cache files on nearby nodes.In this paper we present the design of a secure cache system called CryptoCache that allows roaming users to cache files on untrusted file hosting servers. The system allows flexible sharing of cached files among unauthenticated users, i.e. unlike most distributed file systems CryptoCache does not require a global authentication framework.Files are encrypted when they are transferred over the network and while stored on untrusted servers. The system uses public key cryptography, which allows roaming users to selectively grant read and write access to others by entrusting them with respectively the public key or the private key.
15628651
Experience in Discovering , Modeling , and Reenacting Open Source Software Development Processes
Process discovery has been shown to be a challenging problem offering limited results. This paper describes a new approach to process discovery that examines the Internet information spaces of open source software development projects. In particular, we examine challenges, strengths, weaknesses and findings when seeking to discover, model, and reenact processes associated with large, global OSSD projects like NetBeans.org. The longer-term goal of this approach is to determine the requirements and design of more fully integrated process discovery and modeling mechanisms that can be applied to Web-based, open source software development projects.
42847493
Fingerprinting Text in Logical Markup Languages
Information hiding is attracting an increasing attention from the research community. Most of this research has centered around hiding information, such as watermarks and fingerprints, in images or digital audio and video signals. Text has generally been treated as a black & white image with special properties. All of the current methods of hiding information in text are vulnerable to scanning followed by optical character recognition in order to reconstruct the text.Document distribution is increasingly relying on logical markup languages like HTML and XML, where the physical presentation of the text is determined by the user's browser. Embedding the watermark in the physical presentation of the document is therefore no longer practical. We argue that embedding syntactic or semantic fingerprints in text is the only viable way to fingerprint document in logical markup languages such as HTML or XML.In this paper, we propose a new semantic fingerprinting mechanism based on synonymsubstitution. This idea is developed into an operational system and results of preliminary experiments are reported.
26363914
Trust-Based Route Selection in Dynamic Source Routing
Unlike traditional mobile wireless networks, ad hoc networks do not rely on any fixed infrastructure. Nodes rely on each other to route packets to other mobile nodes or toward stationary nodes that may act as a gateway to a fixed network. Mobile nodes are generally assumed to participate as routers in the mobile wireless network. However, blindly trusting all other nodes to respect the routing protocol exposes the local node to a wide variety of vulnerabilities. Traditional security mechanisms rely on either the authenticated identity of the requesting principal or some form of credentials that authorise the client to perform certain actions. Generally, these mechanisms require some underlying infrastructure, e.g., a public key infrastructure (PKI). However, we cannot assume such infrastructures to be in place in an ad hoc network. In this paper we propose an extension to an existing ad hoc routing protocols, which selects the route based on a local evaluation of the trustworthiness of all known intermediary nodes (routers) on the route to the destination. We have implemented this mechanism in an existing ad hoc routing protocol, and we show how trust can be built from previous experience and how trust can be used to avoid routing packets through unreliable nodes.
14146996
Cryptographic access control in a distributed file system
Traditional access control mechanisms rely on a reference monitor to mediate access to protected resources. Reference monitors are inherently centralized and existing attempts to distribute the functionality of the reference monitor suffer from problems of scalability.Cryptographic access control is a new distributed access control paradigm designed for a global federation of information systems. It defines an implicit access control mechanism, which relies exclusively on cryptography to provide confidentiality and integrity of data managed by the system. It is particularly designed to operate in untrusted environments where the lack of global knowledge and control are defining characteristics.The proposed mechanism has been implemented in a distributed file system, which is presented in this paper along with a preliminary evaluation of the proposed mechanism.