117030459
GEANT : detector description and simulation tool
178716214
Offline Software for the TOTEM Experiment at the LHC
V. Avati , M. Berretti, M. Besta, E. Brucken, P. Dadel, F. Ferro, F. Garcia, S. Giani, L. Grzanka, J. Hallila, P. Janhunen , J. Kaspar, G. Latino, R. Leszko, D. Mierzejewski, H. Niewiadomski, T. Novak, T. Nuotio, E. Oliveri, K. Osterberg, F. Oljemark, S. Sadilov, M. Tuhkanen , T. Vihanta, M. Zalewski, Z. Zhang, J. Welti Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Physics, Cleveland, OH, USA CERN, Geneve, Switzerland Helsinki Institute of Physics and Dept. of Physics, University of Helsinki,Finland Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic MTA KFKI RMKI, Budapest, Hungary INFN Sezione di Genova, Italy Universita di Siena and INFN Sezione di Pisa, Italy On leave from AGH Univ. of Sci. and Technology, Krakow, Poland On leave from University of Applied Sciences, Rovaniemi, Finland ∗Corresponding Author E-mail: valentina.avati@cern.ch
14533271
On velocities beyond the speed of light c
From a mathematical point of view velocities can be larger than c. It has been shown that Lorentz transformations are easily extended in Minkowski space to address velocities beyond the speed of light. Energy and momentum conservation fixes the relation between masses and velocities larger than c, leading to the possible observation of negative mass squared particles from a standard reference frame. Current data on neutrinos' mass square yeld negative values, making neutrinos as possible candidates for having speed larger than c. In this paper, an original analysis of the SN1987A supernova data is proposed. It is shown that all the data measured in '87 by all the experiments are consistent with the quantistic description of neutrinos as combination of superluminal mass eigenstates. The well known enigma on the arrival times of the neutrino bursts detected at LSD, several hours earlier than at IMB, K2 and Baksan, is explained naturally. It is concluded that experimental evidence for superluminal neutrinos was recorded since the SN1987A explosion, and that data are quantitatively consistent with the introduction of tachyons in Einstein's equation.
118420745
Elastic Scattering and Total Cross-Section in p+p reactions measured by the LHC Experiment TOTEM at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Proton-proton elastic scattering has been measured by the TOTEM experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at $\sqrt{s} = 7 $ TeV in special runs with the Roman Pot detectors placed as close to the outgoing beam as seven times the transverse beam size. The differential cross-section measurements are reported in the |t|-range of 0.36 to 2.5 GeV^2. Extending the range of data to low t values from 0.02 to 0.33 GeV^2,and utilizing the luminosity measurements of CMS, the total proton-proton cross section at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is measured to be (98.3 +- 0.2(stat) +- 2.8(syst)) mb.
44804523
The TOTEM T2 detector at LHC: Track reconstruction algorithm and preliminary measurements
TOTEM is an experiment designed to perform total cross section, elastic scattering, and diffractive dissociation measurements at the LHC. It is made up of elastic detectors set in the tunnel (Roman Pots) and two inelastic telescopes: T1 and T2, located in the same cavern as the CMS experiment.
85508942
Measurement of the forward charged particle pseudorapidity density in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 8$$s=8 TeV using a displaced interaction point
The pseudorapidity density of charged particles dN$$_{ ch }$$ch/d$$\eta $$η is measured by the TOTEM experiment in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 8$$s=8 TeV within the range $$3.9<\eta <4.7$$3.9<η<4.7 and $$-6.95<\eta <-6.9$$-6.95<η<-6.9. Data were collected in a low intensity LHC run with collisions occurring at a distance of 11.25 m from the nominal interaction point. The data sample is expected to include 96–97 % of the inelastic proton–proton interactions. The measurement reported here considers charged particles with $$p_T>0$$pT>0 MeV/c, produced in inelastic interactions with at least one charged particle in $$-7<\eta <-6$$-7<η<-6 or $$3.7<\eta <4.8$$3.7<η<4.8. The dN$$_{ ch }$$ch/d$$\eta $$η has been found to decrease with $$|\eta |$$|η|, from 5.11 $$\pm $$± 0.73 at $$\eta =3.95$$η=3.95 to 1.81 $$\pm $$± 0.56 at $$\eta =-$$η=-6.925. Several Monte Carlo generators are compared to the data and are found to be within the systematic uncertainty of the measurement.
55419754
A Beam Gas Vertex Detector for Beam Size Measurement in the LHC
The Beam Gas Vertex (BGV) detector is foreseen as a possible non-invasive beam size measurement instrument for the LHC and its luminosity upgrade. This technique is based on the reconstruction of beam-gas interaction vertices, where the charged particles produced in inelastic beam-gas interactions are measured with high-precision tracking detectors. The design studies and expected performance of the currently developed BGV prototype will be presented with an overview given of the associated vacuum, detector and readout systems. A brief description will be given of the BGV Monte Carlo simulation application, which is based on the LHCb computing framework (Gaudi) and allows simulation studies to be performed and online event reconstruction algorithms to be developed.