2308501
A framework for parsing colonoscopy videos for semantic units
Colonoscopy is an important screening procedure for colorectal cancer. During this procedure, the endoscopist visually inspects the colon. Currently, there is no content-based analysis and retrieval system that automatically analyzes videos captured from colonoscopic procedures and provides a user-friendly and efficient access to important content. Such a system will be valuable for endoscopic research and education. The first necessary step for the analysis is parsing for semantic units. Since the characteristics of colonoscopy videos differ from those of videos studied in the literature, we introduce a new video parsing framework that includes: (i) a new scene definition and a new video parsing paradigm; (ii) a novel scene segmentation algorithm using audio analysis and finite state automata to recognize scenes and associated boundaries. Our experimental results show average precision and recall of 95% and 81%, respectively, for parsing scenes. The framework is extensible to videos captured from other endoscopic procedures such as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, enteroscopy, cystoscopy, and laparoscopy.
14348286
A Visual Model Approach for Parsing Colonoscopy Videos
Colonoscopy is an important screening procedure for colorectal cancer. During this procedure, the endoscopist visually inspects the colon. Currently, there is no content-based analysis and retrieval system that automatically analyzes videos captured from colonoscopic procedures and provides a user-friendly and efficient access to important content. Such a system will be valuable as an educational resource for endoscopic research, a platform to assess procedural skills for endoscopists, and a platform for mining for unknown abnormality patterns that may lead to colorectal cancer. The first necessary step for the analysis is parsing for semantic units. In this paper, we propose a new visual model approach that employs visual features extracted directly from compressed videos together with audio analysis to discover important semantic units called scenes. Our experimental results show average precision and recall of 93% and 85%, respectively.
35883623
Supporting organizational knowledge management with agents
Organizations are looking at ways to manage their information resources. Both the capture and the use of data created by the organization have come under scrutiny. Part of the concern comes from their desire to enhance the business process and part comes from the explosion of data available to any organization. In this context, the role of committees is being examined both as consumers and producers of information. The present work is focused on making the vast amount of unstructured text more useful to committees. An agent environment has been designed and implemented.
14407932
Automatic measurement of quality metrics for colonoscopy videos
Colonoscopy is the accepted screening method for detection of colorectal cancer or its precursor lesions, colorectal polyps. Indeed, colonoscopy has contributed to a decline in the number of colorectal cancer related deaths. However, not all cancers or large polyps are detected at the time of colonoscopy, and methods to investigate why this occurs are needed. We present a new computer-based method that allows automated measurement of a number of metrics that likely reflect the quality of the colonoscopic procedure. The method is based on analysis of a digitized video file created during colonoscopy, and produces information regarding insertion time, withdrawal time, images at the time of maximal intubation, the time and ratio of clear versus blurred or non-informative images, and a first estimate of effort performed by the endoscopist. As these metrics can be obtained automatically, our method allows future quality control in the day-to-day medical practice setting on a large scale. In addition, our method can be adapted to other healthcare procedures. Last but not least, our method may be useful to assess progress during colonoscopy training, or as part of endoscopic skills assessment evaluations.
6612620
Design techniques for sensor appliances: foundations and light compass case study
We propose the first systematic, sensor-centric approach for quantitative design of sensor network appliances. We demonstrate its use by designing light appliance devices and the associated middleware. We have developed five models which are required to make this problem tractable and to undertake the challenging task of designing light sensor appliances: i. physical world, ii. light sensor, iii. physical phenomenon, iv. appliance design, and v. computational model. With these models in place, we present the new design methodology that consists of two main steps: 1. a procedure for placement of individual sensors of the appliances, and 2. error minimization-based sensor data interpretation middleware. We have developed new optimization techniques for both tasks. A portable light sensor system was designed using the optimization intensive procedure, and its effectiveness demonstrated.
33903019
The Design of Teletext Broadcast Cycles
Abstract Teletext is a one-way picture information system where pages of information are broadcast to all users in a continuous manner. System response time is an important consideration in designing teletext systems. Factors contributing to system response time include transmission speeds, amount of processing required at user terminals, and efficiency of picture encoding procedures. As important is the design of the teletext broadcast cycle, i.e., the order of pages to be broadcast in a cyclic manner. In this paper, we first derive a formula for the mean response time of a given cycle and a lower bound for the mean response time for any cycle. Next we present a design procedure that yields a cycle with mean response time close to the theoretical lower bound. The use of the results of this paper is demonstrated through a numerical example.
195861616
Optimization-intensive watermarking techniques for decision problems
Recently, a number of watermarking-based intellectual property protection techniques have been proposed. Although they have been applied to different stages in the design process and have a great variety of technical and theoretical features, all of them share two common properties: they all have been applied solely to optimization problems and do not involve any optimization during the watermarking process. In this paper we propose the first set of optimization-intensive watermarking techniques for decision problems. In particular we demonstrate how one can select a subset of superimposed watermarking constraints so that the uniqueness of the signature and the likelihood of satisfying an instance of the satisfiability problem are simultaneously maximized. We have developed three watermarking SAT techniques: adding clauses, deleting literals, push-out and pull-back. Each technique targets different types of signature induced constraint superimposition on an instance of the SAT problem. In addition to comprehensive experimental validation, we theoretically analyze the potentials and limitations of the proposed watermarking techniques. Furthermore, we analyze the three proposed optimization-intensive watermarking SAT techniques in terms of their suitability for copy detection.
2971347
Computational forensic techniques for intellectual property protection
Computational forensic engineering (CFE) aims to identify the entity that created a particular intellectual property (IP). Specifically, our goal is to identify the synthesis tool or compiler which was used to produce a specific design or program. Rather than relying on watermarking content or designs, the generic CFE methodology analyzes the statistics of certain features of a given IP and quantizes the likelihood that a well known source has created it. In this paper, we describe the generic methodology of CFE and present a set of techniques that, given a set of compilation tools, identify the one used to generate a particular hardware/software design. The generic CFE approach has four phases: 1) feature and statistics data collection; 2) feature extraction; 3) entity clustering; and 4) validation. In addition to IP protection, the developed CFE paradigm can have other potential applications: optimization algorithm selection and tuning, benchmark selection, and source-verification for mobile code.
2985827
Flexible ASIC: shared masking for multiple media processors
ASIC provides more than an order of magnitude advantage in terms of density, speed, and power requirement per gate. However, economic (cost of masks) and technological (deep micron manufacturability) trends favor FPGA as an implementation platform. In order to combine the advantages of both platforms and alleviate their disadvantages, recently a number of approaches, such as structured ASIC/regular fabrics, have been proposed. Our goal is to introduce an approach that has the same objective, but is orthogonal to those already proposed. The idea is to implement several ASIC designs in such a way that they share the datapath, memory structure, and several bottom layers of interconnect, while each design has only a few unique metal layers. We identified and addressed two main problems in our quest to develop a CAD flow for realization of such designs. They are: (i) the creation of the datapath, and (ii) the identification of common and unique interconnect for each design. Both problems are solved optimally using ILP formulations. We assembled a design flow platform using two new programs and the Trimaran and Shade tools. We quantitatively analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the approach using the Mediabench benchmark suite.