59128830
The ALPS Project: Open Source Software for Strongly Correlated Systems
We present the ALPS (Algorithms and Libraries for Physics Simulations) project, an international open source software project to develop libraries and application programs for the simulation of strongly correlated quantum lattice models such as quantum magnets, lattice bosons, and strongly correlated fermion systems. Development is centered on common XML and binary data formats, on libraries to simplify and speed up code development, and on full-featured simulation programs. The programs enable non-experts to start carrying out numerical simulations by providing basic implementations of the important algorithms for quantum lattice models: classical and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) using non-local updates, extended ensemble simulations, exact and full diagonalization (ED), as well as the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). The software is available from our web server at http://alps.comp-phys.org/.
42989902
Potential description of the positive- and negative-energy properties of the alpha + 40Ca system and alpha -cluster structure of 44Ti.
35383178
Molecular interpretation of the oscillations of the fusion excitation function for the alpha +40Ca system.
The oscillations observed in the experimental ..cap alpha..+ /sup 40/Ca fusion excitation function between E/sub ..cap alpha../ -- 10 and 27 MeV are described within the frame of the optical model. Use is made of an existing optical potential giving a precise description of the elastic scattering data for E/sub ..cap alpha../>24 MeV on a broad angular range, which is extrapolated to lower incident energies. A correct description of elastic scattering experimental excitation functions between E/sub ..cap alpha../ -- 12 and 18 MeV, as well as of the fusion excitation function, is achieved by using different imaginary geometries for both processes. The oscillations appearing in the calculated fusion excitation function are due to maxima in the even-l transmission coefficients, for l ranging from 6 to 12; these maxima correspond to shape resonances in the underlying potential, which are associated with states belonging to an excited positive parity band with N -- 14 in the ..cap alpha..+ /sup 40/Ca system. The same potential predicts an N -- 12 positive parity band of states whose energies are in good agreement with the /sup 44/Ti experimental ground state band. It is shown that the correct reproduction of the spacing between the fusion oscillationsmore » achieved here results from the use of a deep real potential, which automatically yields a decoupling between positive and negative parity bands.« less
123108693
Connection of Kukulin's nucleon-nucleon deep potential with realistic repulsive core interactions
The on-shell equivalence of the deep quantum-chromodynamically motivated realistic nucleon-nucleon interaction recently proposed by Kukulin et al. with more conventional repulsive-core forces is investigated by eliminating its unphysical deeply bound states, while preserving its scattering properties and the binding energy of the deuteron. The resulting interaction, which is built both in the singlet and triplet channels, displays ar−2 singular repulsive core followed by a shallow attraction of intermediate range, in good semiquantitative agreement with existing realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions.
119969931
Optical-model Description of Alpha+o-16 Elastic-scattering and Alpha-cluster Structure in Ne-20
O16(,) elastic scattering angular distributions have been measured for incident energies 39.3, 49.5, and 69.5 MeV. These data, and previous measurements at 32.2, 104, and 146 MeV, have been subjected to a global optical model analysis. The deduced global potential has two energy-dependent parameters which are found to vary smoothly with energy and it is uniquely determined by the data. Backward angular distributions measured between 40 and 54 MeV are also presented and shown to be nicely reproduced by the model. The sensitivity of the cross sections to the various regions of the real potential has been investigated as a function of energy using the notch test technique. The low energy behavior of the differential cross sections can be understood in terms of the semiclassical decomposition of Brink and Takigawa. A natural extrapolation of the global potential below 30 MeV is shown to reproduce the wide bump observed in the experimental excitation functions around 20 MeV. This bump is shown to be due to an l=8 shape resonance and is interpreted as the J=8+ member of the K=04+ rotational band of Ne20, in contradiction with the current attribution. Other bound and quasibound states supported by the potential are discussed in the light of orthogonality condition model-type arguments and shown to be consistent with the well-known K=01+ and 0- bands, and with the first three states of the K=04+ band of Ne20. NUCLEAR REACTIONS O16(,), measured (), E=39.3, 49.5, 69.5 MeV; global optical model analysis, E=32-146 MeV; semiclassical decomposition of the scattering amplitude; investigation of the compatibility of the potential description with existing low energy data and comparison with cluster models. © 1983 The American Physical Society.
42706318
Alpha-cluster spectroscopy in 40Ca and in the sd-shell closure region.
The low-energy {sup 36}Ar({alpha},{alpha}) elastic scattering data of Gaul {ital et} {ital al}. are analyzed within the frame of the optical model, using energy-independent Woods-Saxon squared or model-independent geometries for the real part of the potential. The optical-model scattering amplitude is decomposed into its barrier and internal wave components to understand the rapid and complicated evolution of the angular distributions with incident energy. The properties of the low-energy bound and quasibound states supported by this potential are compared with those of the states of the deformed 4p-4h rotational band in {sup 40}Ca, built on the {ital J}{sup {pi}}=0{sup +}, {ital E}{sub {ital x}}=3.35 MeV state. The possibility of extending this local potential model approach to neighboring nuclei near the {ital sd}-shell closure is discussed. A negative-parity band of states with appreciable {alpha}-cluster character, starting around the {alpha}-particle threshold, is expected to be systematically present in this mass region.
119697750
Gravitationally induced electric fields in conductors.
An estimate for the gravitationally induced electric field is presented that is based on a statistical model for the electrons in a metal in which their long-range electrostatic interaction with a differentially compressed lattice of positive ions is taken into account. The field is in the upward direction and is estimated to be of the order of magnitude $E\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{\mathrm{Mg}}{e}$, where $M$ is the atomic mass, $e$ is the electronic charge, and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity. For copper, $E\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ V/m. An earlier estimate by Schiff and Barnhill gives a field in the downward direction equal to $\frac{\mathrm{mg}}{e}$, where $m$ is the mass of the electron. The difference between our result and theirs is due to different treatments of the effect of lattice compressibility.
121467224
PARITY NONCONSERVATION IN NUCLEI
BS>The influence of the known weak interactions on the parity of nuclear states is discussed. Derivation of a parity nonconserving interaction rests on the assumption of a current-current hypothesis for the weak interactions. Consequently, observation of parity impurity effects would be an important confirmation of this hypothesis. A simple approximate method of treating the nuclear parity impurity is developed and applied in an effort to find experimental situations favorable to observation of effects due to such impurity. Parity-forbidden alpha decay from excited states of light nuclei and certain electromagnetic transitions in the heavy nuclei appear to be promising. Special attention was paid to the internal conversion electrons from the 123kev transition nn Lu/sup 173/ whose polarization is estimated to be about 0.4%. An effect on polarized neutrons analogous to optical rotation is also discussed. (auth)
118496663
Gravitating superconducting strings with timelike or spacelike currents
We construct gravitating superconducting string solutions of the $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{local}}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1{)}_{\mathrm{global}}$ model by solving the coupled system of Einstein and matter field equations numerically. We study the properties of these solutions in dependence on the symmetry breaking to Planck mass ratio. Using the macroscopic stability conditions formulated by Carter, we observe that the coupling to gravity allows for a new stable region that is not present in the flat space-time limit. We match the asymptotic metric to the Kasner metric and show that the relations between the Kasner coefficients and the energy per unit length and tension suggested previously are well fulfilled for symmetry breaking scale much smaller than the Planck mass. We also study the solutions to the geodesic equation in this space-time. While geodesics in the exterior space-time of standard cosmic strings are just straight lines, test particles experience a force in a general Kasner space-time, and as such, bound orbits are possible.
120405009
NEUTRAL WEAK INTERACTION CURRENTS