17538957
The virtual panel architecture: A 3D gesture framework
The Virtual Panel Architecture (VPA) has been designed to help implement an intermediate abstraction with elements of both a physical control panel and a computer-based control panel. This abstraction, handling 3D point-based gesticulative interaction with modeled object hierarchies, is suitable for both virtual reality environments and traditional environments. Based on the VPA, an environment of virtual panels is demonstrated which can be incorporated into keyboard-and-mouse-based computing. Users are able to turn virtual knobs, adjust virtual sliders, and point at virtual screens on these virtual panels in this environment.<<ETX>>
16042976
VRML-based representations of ASL fingerspelling on the World Wide Web
Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) is an effective tool to document sign language on the World-Wide Web. In this paper, we present techniques to enlarge the vocabulary of encoded ASL signs in VRML 2.0 for educational purposes. In order to prove the concept of gesture making, a Web site is presented that demonstrates application of the hand model to fingerspell the ASL manual alphabet and numbers.
440910
Receiver-initiated multiple access protocols for spread spectrum mobile ad hoc networks
Two hybrid handshaking schemes based on the receiver-initiated concept and spread spectrum techniques are proposed for spread spectrum mobile ad hoc networks. In these schemes, called Receiver-Initiated Multiple Access Common-Transmitter-Based (RIMA/C-T) and Receiver-Initiated Multiple Access Receiver-Transmitter-Based (RIMA/R-T) protocols, the polling node allows the polled node to transmit a message to the polling node itself first after it acquires a channel successfully. The proposed schemes are the extensions of previous works [1]. Under a general analytic model, throughput and message delay of the proposed schemes are evaluated. Theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed schemes achieve better performance than Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance Common-Transmitter-Based (MACA/C-T) and Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance Receiver-Transmitter-Base (MACA/R-T) protocols proposed in earlier literature [1].
23120363
Embedding fuzzy mechanisms and knowledge in box-type reinforcement learning controllers
In this paper, we report our study on embedding fuzzy mechanisms and knowledge into box-type reinforcement learning controllers. One previous approach for incorporating fuzzy mechanisms can only achieve one successful run out of nine tests compared to eight successful runs in a nonfuzzy learning control scheme. After analysis, the credit assignment problem and the weighting domination problem are identified. Furthermore, the use of fuzzy mechanisms in temporal difference seems to play a negative factor. Modifications to overcome those problems are proposed. Furthermore, several remedies are employed in that approach. The effects of those remedies applied to our learning scheme are presented and possible variations are also studied. Finally, the issue of incorporating knowledge into reinforcement learning systems is studied. From our simulations, it is concluded that the use of knowledge for the control network can provide good learning results, but the use of knowledge for the evaluation network alone seems unable to provide any significant advantages. Furthermore, we also employ Makarovic's (1988) rules as the knowledge for the initial setting of the control network. In our study, the rules are separated into four groups to avoid the ordering problem.
16448441
A Hybrid Approach to Rendering Handwritten Characters
With the growing popularity of pen-based computers comes the need to display clear handwritten characters at small sizes on low-resolution displays. This paper describes a method for automatically constructing hinted TrueType fonts from on-line handwriting data. Hints add extra information to glyph outlines in the form of imperative constraints overriding side effects of the rasterization process. We use an aggressive matching strategy to find correspondences between an input glyph and a previously-hinted template, considering both global and local features to allow hinting even when they differ in shape and topology. Recognizing that stroke width statistics are among features that characterize a person’s handwriting, we recalculate global values in the control value table (CVT) before transfer to preserve the characteristics of the original handwriting.