124145471
Observable Effects of the Uncertainty Relations in the Covariant Phase Space Representation of Quantum Mechanics
The uncertainty relation can be stated in terms of an area in phase space in the Wigner phase space representation of quantum mechanics. Since Lorentz boosts are area-preserving canonical transformations in the phase space of the light-cone variables, it is possible to state the uncertainty relation in a Lorentz-invariant manner. It is shown that Feynman’s parton picture is one of the observable effects of this Lorentz-invariant uncertainty relation.
73571003
Time separation as a hidden variable to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics
The Bohr radius is a space‐like separation between the proton and electron in the hydrogen atom. According to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics, the proton is sitting in the absolute Lorentz frame. If this hydrogen atom is observed from a different Lorentz frame, there is a time‐like separation linearly mixed with the Bohr radius. Indeed, the time‐separation is one of the essential variables in high‐energy hadronic physics where the hadron is a bound state of the quarks, while thoroughly hidden in the present form of quantum mechanics. It will be concluded that this variable is hidden in Feynman’s rest of the universe. It is noted first that Feynman’s Lorentz‐invariant differential equation for the bound‐state quarks has a set of solutions which describe all essential features of hadronic physics. These solutions explicitly depend on the time separation between the quarks. This set also forms the mathematical basis for two‐mode squeezed states in quantum optics, where both photons are observable,...
1673726
Symmetries Shared by the Poincaré Group and the Poincaré Sphere
Henri Poincare formulated the mathematics of Lorentz transformations, known as the Poincare group. He also formulated the Poincare sphere for polarization optics. It is shown that these two mathematical instruments can be derived from the two-by-two representations of the Lorentz group. Wigner’s little groups for internal space-time symmetries are studied in detail. While the particle mass is a Lorentz-invariant quantity, it is shown to be possible to address its variations in terms of the decoherence mechanism in polarization optics.
14939249
Coupled Harmonic Oscillators and Feynman's Rest of the Universe
According to Feynman, the universe consists of two parts - the system in which we are interested and the rest of the universe which our measurement process does not reach. Feynman then formulates the density matrix in terms of the observable world and the rest of the universe. It is shown that coupled harmonic oscillators can serve as an illustrative example for Feynman's ``rest of the universe.'' It is pointed out that this simple example has far-reaching consequences in many branches of physics, including statistical mechanics, measurement theory, information theory, thermo-field dynamics, quantum optics, and relativistic quantum mechanics. It is shown that our ignorance of the rest of the universe increases the uncertainty and entropy in the system in which we are interested.
1320799
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions in polarization optics.
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions are manifestations of the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles, respectively. It is shown to be possible to produce combinations of optical filters which exhibit transformations corresponding to Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions. This is possible because the combined effects of rotation, phase-shift, and attenuation filters lead to transformation matrices of the six-parameter Lorentz group applicable to Jones vectors and Stokes parameters for polarized light waves. The symmetry transformations in special relativity lead to a set of experiments which can be performed in optics laboratories.
668406
Quantization of electromagnetic fields in a circular cylindrical cavity
We present a quantization procedure for the electromagnetic field in a circular cylindrical cavity with perfectly conducting walls, which is based on the decomposition of the field. A new decomposition procedure is proposed; all vector mode functions satisfying the boundary conditions are obtained with the help of this decomposition. After expanding the quantized field in terms of the vector mode functions, it is possible to derive the Hamiltonian for this quantized system.
16257249
The fast tracker architecture for the LHC baseline luminosity
A. Annovi,a M. Beretta,a, E. Bossini,b A. Boveia,c E. Brubaker,c F. Canelli,c V. Cavasinni,b F. Crescioli,b H. DeBerg,d M. Dell’Orso,b M. Dunford,c M. Franklin,e P. Giannetti,b A. Kapliy,c Y. K. Kim,c P. Laurelli,a A. McCarn,d C. Melachrinos,c C. Mills,e M. Neubauer,d J. Proudfoot, f , M. Piendibene,b G. Punzi,b F. Sarri,b L. Sartori,bh M. Shochet,c L. Tripiccione,i J. Tuggle,c I. Vivarelli,b G. Volpi∗,b K. Yorita,c J. Zhang. f aINFN Frascati, bUniv. and INFN of Pisa, cUniv. of Chicago, dUniv. of Illinois at Urbana-Champain, eHarvard Univ, f Argonne National Lab, hMarie Curie Fellowship, iUniv. and INFN Ferrara
28478276
Vector manifestation and fate of vector mesons in dense matter
We describe in-medium properties of hadrons in dense matter near chiral restoration using a Wilsonian matching to QCD of an effective field theory with hidden local symmetry at the chiral cutoff $\Lambda$. We find that chiral symmetry is restored in vector manifestation \`a la Harada and Yamawaki at a critical matter density $n_c$. We express the critical density in terms of QCD correlators in dense matter at the matching scale. In a manner completely analogous to what happens at the critical $N_f^c$ and at the critical temperature $T^c$, the vector meson mass is found to vanish (in the chiral limit) at chiral restoration. This result provides a support for Brown-Rho scaling predicted a decade ago.
7806265
Meson exchange effect on color superconductivity
We investigate the effects of pion and gluon exchanges on the formation of two-flavor color superconductivity at moderate density, � < 1GeV . The chiral quark model proposed by Manohar and Georgi containing pions as well as gluons is employed to show that the pion exchange reduces substantially the value of the superconducting gap gotten with the gluon exchange only. It turns out that the pion exchanges produce a repulsion between quark-quark pair in a spin and isospin singlet state. We suggest that the phase consisiting of pions, gluons and quarks is one of the candidates of in-medium QCD phase at moderate density.
14653529
Vector susceptibility and chiral phase transition in AdS/QCD Models
We calculated the vector susceptibilitiy in holographic QCD models to study QCD chiral/deconfinemnt phase transition. We found that the vector susceptibility obtained in this work agrees with the results from various model calculations and lattice QCD. Just above Tc χV from QCD calculations [12, 17, 18] saturate to the value of the free-quark gas faster than what we obtain in this work. We also discuss the chiral phase transitions in AdS/QCD models.
118715122
Physics from Tristan
The TRISTAN e + e − storage ring has delivered a total of about 60 pb−1 to each of the three general purpose solenoidal detectors: AMY, TOPAZ and VENUS. The center-of-mass energy range, between 50 and 64 GeV, is where interference effects between the virtual photon and Z0 mediators of the annihilation process are largest. Experiments at TRISTAN study the electroweak interactions, QCD, and search for new phenomena. Among the reported results are: measurements of R; the observation of forward-backward charge asymmetries for e+e− → lepton pairs, \(e^ + e^ - \to b\bar b\), and \(e^ + e^ - \to q\bar q\); limits on lepton compositeness; determinations of \(\Lambda _{\overline {MS} }\); measurements of various multihadron event properties; evidence for differences between quark and gluon jets; the demonstration of the running of αs and the existence of the triple-gluon coupling; and searches for a variety of new particles. This report describes a few selected results from the AMY experiment.