439941
Iterative exploration, design and evaluation of support for query reformulation in interactive information retrieval
We report on the progressive investigation of techniques for supporting interactive query reformulation in the TREC Interactive Track. Two major issues were explored over four successive years: methods of term suggestion; and, interface design to support different system functionalities. Each year's results led to the following year's investigation, with respect to both of these issues. This paper presents first the general motivation for the entire series of studies; then an overview of each year's investigation, its results, and how they influenced the next year's investigation. We discuss what has been learned through this series of investigations about effective term suggestion, usable and useful interface design, and the relationships between these two in support of the TREC Interactive Track task. We conclude with comments about the general methodology employed over this series of studies, and its relevance to the development and evaluation of interactive information retrieval systems.
34137561
Using Relevance Feedback and Ranking in Interactive Searching
We present results of a study in which 50 searchers, of varying degrees of experience in information retrieval (IR), each performed searches on two TREC-4 adhoc interactive track topics, using a simple interface to the INQUIRY retrieval engine. The foci of our study were : the relationships between the users'models and experience of IR, and their performance in the TREC-4 adhoc task while using a best-match IR system with relevance feedback ; the understanding, use and utility of relevance feedback and ranking in interactive IR ; and, the evaluation of interactive IR.
1442053
User preferences when searching individual and integrated full-text databases
This paper addresses a crucial issue in the digital library environment: how to support effective interaction of users with heterogeneous and distributed information resources. We compared users' preference for systems which implement interaction with multiple databases through a common interface and with multiple databases as if they were one (integrated interaction) in an experiment in the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) environment. Twenty-eight volunteers were recruited from the graduate students of School of Communication, Information, & Library Studies at Rutgers University. Significantly more subjects preferred the common interface (HERMES) to the integrated interface (HERA). For most of the subjects in this study, the greater control in HERMES outweighed the advantages of HERA such as convenience, efficiency, and ease of use. These results suggest that: (1) the general assumption of the information retrieval (IR) literature that an integrated interaction is best needs to be revisited; (2) it is important to allow for more user control in various ways in the distributed environment; and (3) for digital library purposes, it is important to characterize different databases to support user choice for integration.
195882533
Energy efficiency and fairness tradeoffs in multi-resource, multi-tasking embedded systems
This paper presents techniques for optimizing the energy efficiency of multi-resource, multi-tasking embedded systems. Low power design of individual system resources, such as embedded processors, has been extensively studied in the past. However, system-level techniques, such as those presented in this paper, which exploit the synergy between various system resources, achieve levels of energy efficiency that cannot be obtained by considering individual resources independently. We demonstrate that, in multi-resource embedded systems that concurrently execute multiple applications, there exists a tradeoff between resource management efficiency and resource allocation fairness. By solving the multi-resource energy optimization problem in the context of an embedded sensor system, we show that our techniques enable the system designer to traverse this efficiency-fairness tradeoff space.
1204013
An interactive speech interface for summarizing agile project planning meetings
In this paper we present an autonomous meeting summarizer that transcribes an agile planning meeting and produces a textual summary of the discussion. We explore the issues involved in designing a speech-based interactive system that communicates with humans in a natural language. The inherent nature of ambiguity in conversational speech is overcome by suggesting a list of possible phrases to listen for. The system interacts with users in an interview-style dialogue for data collections. This is possible because we used the highly constrained structure and terminologies of agile planning meetings to make the approach successful.
8508201
Cryptanalysis of Some Group-Oriented Proxy Signature Schemes
A proxy signature scheme allows an entity to delegate its signing power to another entity. Since the notion of proxy signatures was first introduced, many proxy signature schemes and various extensions have been considered. As an example, the notion of threshold proxy signature or proxy multi-signature was introduced as a group-oriented variant. In this paper, we show that the threshold proxy signature scheme proposed by Hsu and Wu, and the proxy multi-signature schemes independently proposed by Chen et al. and Hsu et al. are all insecure against the malicious original singer(s). Our result provides a simple example that the way to put the secret parts together should be carefully considered.
6023163
Automatic 3D model reconstruction using voxel coding and pose integration
Automatic reconstruction of a complete 3D model of a complex object is presented. The complete 3D model is reconstructed by integrating two 3D models which are reconstructed from different poses of the object. For each pose of the object, a 3D model is reconstructed by combining stereo image analysis, shape from silhouettes, and a volumetric integration technique. Stereo image analysis and shape from silhouettes techniques complement each other to reconstruct an accurate and noise-resistant 3D model. For a reliable volumetric integration of multiple partial shapes, a voxel coding technique is introduced. The voxel coding technique facilitates a selection of consistent partial shapes for shape integration. In order to reconstruct all visible surfaces of a complex object with concavities and holes, two 3D models from different poses of the object are reconstructed and integrated to obtain the complete 3D model. A voxel coding technique is again used during pose integration. Experimental results on a real object demonstrate that our approach has advantages and is effective.
2304269
Lightweight logging and recovery for distributed shared memory over virtual interface architecture
As software Distributed Shared Memory(DSM) systems become attractive on larger clusters, the focus of attention moves toward improving the reliability of systems. In this paper, we propose a lightweight logging scheme, called remote logging, and a recovery protocol for home-based DSM. Remote logging stores coherence-related data to the volatile memory of a remote node. The logging overhead can be moderated with high-speed system area network and user-level DMA operations supported by modern communication protocols. Remote logging tolerates multiple failures if the backup nodes of failed nodes are alive. It makes the reliability of DSM grow much higher. Experimental results show that our fault-tolerant DSM has low overhead compared to conventional stable logging and it can be effectively recovered from some concurrent failures.