123004654
Light Pseudoscalars, Particle Physics and Cosmology
Abstract We review physics of light pseudoscalars (axions, majorons and familons) and their effects in cosmology. The axions which solve the strong CP problem play important roles in astrophysics and cosmology. The allowed band of the axion scale 10 8 GeV ≲ F a ≲ 10 12 GeV may be the next high energy scale. We discuss the ideas, techniques and phenomenologies leading to this interesting mass scale. Majorons and familons are also discussed.
18138135
Neutrino masses from discrete gauge symmetries
Abstract We investigate a model with an extra Z 2 gauge symmetry in the Standard Model. The symmetry gives a structure to the mass matrix for the neutrinos. With two extra Higgs singlets and two extra singlet right-handed neutrinos we can build a model that fits the requirements of the MSW solution of the Solar neutrino problem. With a third singlet right-handed neutrino it is also possible to have a 10 eV neutrino.
119316975
GMSB at a stable vacuum and MSSM without exotics from heterotic string
Abstract We show that it is possible to introduce the confining hidden sector gauge group SU ( 5 ) ′ with the chiral matter 10 0 ′ plus 5 ¯ 0 ′ , which are neutral under the standard model gauge group, toward a gauge mediated supersymmetry breaking (GMSB) in a Z 12 − I orbifold compactification of E 8 × E 8 ′ heterotic string. Three families of MSSM result without exotics. We also find a desirable matter parity P (or R-parity) assignment. We note that this model contains the spectrum of the Lee–Weinberg model which has a nice solution of the μ problem.
119883211
Conflicts between B-violating phenomena in supergravity models
Abstract We show that there is an incompatibility between matter stability and cosmological baryon production in standard N = 1 supergravity models. This discrepancy emerges from the bound on the reheating temperature T rh ⩽ 10 10 GeV which comes from the restriction on the gravitino decay after inflation. Some weird possibilities to bypass the controversy are also analyzed.
15739165
SO(10)-like Superstring Standard Model with R-parity from the Heterotic String
We construct a supersymmetric standard model in the context of the Z_{12-I} orbifold compactification of the E_8 x E_8' heterotic string theory. The gauge group is SU(3)_c x SU(2)_L x U(1)_Y x U(1)^4 x [SO(10) x U(1)^3]' with sin^2\theta_W = 3/8. We obtain three families of SO(10) spinor-like chiral matter states, and Higgs doublets. All other extra states are exactly vector-like under the standard model gauge symmetry. There are numerous standard model singlets, many of which get VEVs such that only the standard model gauge symmetry survives and desired Yukawa couplings can be generated at lower energies. In particular, all vector-like exotic states achieve superheavy masses and the R-parity can be preserved.
14574575
Effective Gauss-Bonnet interaction in Randall-Sundrum compactification
The effective gravitational interaction below the Planck scale in the Randall-Sundrum world is shown to be the Gauss-Bonnet term. In this theory we find that there exists another static solution with a positive bulk cosmological constant. Also, there exist solutions for a positive visible sector cosmological constant, which is needed for a later Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe.
10579423
Pileup subtraction for jet shapes.
Jets in high energy hadronic collisions often contain the fingerprints of the particles that produced them. Those fingerprints, and thus the nature of the particles that produced the jets, can be read off with the help of quantities known as jet shapes. Jet shapes are, however, severely affected by pileup, the accumulation in the detector of the residues of the many simultaneous collisions taking place in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We introduce a method to correct for pileup effects in jet shapes. Relative to earlier, limited approaches, the key advance resides in its full generality, achieved through a numerical determination, for each jet, of a given shape's susceptibility to pileup. The method rescues the possibility of using jet shapes in the high pileup environment of current and future LHC running, as we show with examples of quark-gluon discrimination and top tagging.
118343398
Probing Minimal Flavor Violation with Long-Lived Stops and Light Gravitinos at Hadron Colliders
In the framework of minimal flavor violation (MFV), we discuss the decay properties of a supersymmetric scalar top (stop) in the presence of a light gravitino. Given a small mass difference between the lighter stop and lightest neutralino and an otherwise sufficiently decoupled spectrum, the stop may be long-lived and thus can provide support to MFV at hadron colliders. For a bino-like lightest neutralino, we apply bounds from searches in the gamma gamma plus missing transverse energy channel (ATLAS with 1 fb^-1 and D0 with 6.3 fb^-1) and give a 5 fb^-1 projection for the ATLAS search.
119218380
Collider signatures of minimal flavor mixing from stop decay length measurements
We investigate the prospects to extract supersymmetric couplings from a decay length measurement at the LHC. Specifically, we exploit the opportunity of a light and long-lived stop which is pair-produced through gluinos in association with like-sign top quarks. Any observed finite value of the stop decay length strongly supports models in which flavor is broken in a minimal way solely by the standard model Yukawa couplings. We find that a 1 picosecond stop lifetime, dominated by t-tilde{yields}c{chi}{sup 0} decays, yields macroscopic transverse impact parameters of about 180 microns. If the lightest neutralino is predominantly Higgsino or very close in mass to the light stop, the stop lifetime even increases and allows to observe stop tracks and possibly secondary vertices directly. Measuring squark flavor violation with the stop decay length works also with a gravitino lightest supersymmetric particle if the neutralino is the next lightest supersymmetric particle. For this case, opportunities from t-tilde{yields}c{chi}{sup 0}{yields}c{gamma}G-tilde decays for very light gravitinos with mass < or approx. keV are pointed out.
119172488
Light Stop Searches at the LHC in Events with two b-Jets and Missing Energy
We propose a new method to discover light top squarks (stops) in the co-annihilation region at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The bino-like neutralino is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) and the lighter stop is the next-to-LSP. Such scenarios can be consistent with electroweak baryogenesis and also with dark matter constraints. We consider the production of two stops in association with two b-quarks, including pure QCD as well as mixed electroweak-QCD contributions. The stops decay into a charm quark and the LSP. For a higgsino-like light chargino, the electroweak contributions can exceed the pure QCD prediction. We show the size of the electroweak contributions as a function of the stop mass and present the LHC discovery reach in the stop-neutralino mass plane.
118704767
First LHC Constraints on Neutralinos
Abstract The ATLAS and CMS Collaborations have recently reported tantalizing hints of the existence of a 125 GeV Higgs-like particle, whose couplings appear to match well the Standard Model (SM) expectations. In this work, we study implications of this observation for the neutralino sector of supersymmetric models, assuming that the Higgs signal gets confirmed. In general, the Higgs decay into neutralinos can be one of its dominant decay channels. Since a large invisible Higgs decay branching ratio would be in conflict with the data, this possibility is now constrained. In particular, we find that most of the region μ 170 GeV , M 1 70 GeV at tan β ∼ 10 and μ 120 GeV , M 1 70 GeV at tan β ∼ 40 is disfavored.