15500512
Real-time simulation of physically based on-surface flow
Although many papers have been published in the field of fluid simulation, little attention has been paid to on-surface flow involving wetting and stain transportation as well as erosion and deposition phenomena. In this paper, we introduce nonzero divergence in the mass equation of Navier–Stokes equations to simulate water penetration from on-surface flow into substrate material. Also, the volume of fluid method is adopted to track the free surface. With a computation of the actual amount of absorbed water we render the wetting effects with fully dry and fully wet texture images simultaneously. Using our model, the on-surface flow that accompanies water absorption can be simulated realistically in real time with OpenGL preview rendering. Experimental results illustrate that our model can be widely applied to solve various problems related to on-surface flow.
41671130
Accelerated backward warping
In this paper a plane-based backward warping algorithm is proposed to generate novel views from multiple reference images. first, depth information is employed to reconstruct space planes from individual reference images and calculate the potential occluding relationship between these planes. Then the planes which represent each identical space plane from different reference images are compared with each other to decide the one with the best sample rate to be preserved and used in the later warping period while the other samples are abandoned. While the image of a novel view is produced, traditional methods in computer graphics, such as visibility test and clipping, are used to process the planes reconstructed. Then the planes processed are projected onto the desired image from the knowledge on which plane the desired image pixels are warped from can be acquired. Finally, pixels' depth of the desired image is calculated and then a backward warping is performed from these pixels to the reference images to obtain their colors. The storage requirement in the algorithm is small and increases slowly with the number of reference images increases. By combining the strategy of only preserving the best sample parts and the backward warping algorithm, the sample problem could be well tackled.
769251
An improved study of real-time fluid simulation on GPU
Taking advantage of the parallelism and programmability of GPU, we solve the fluid dynamics problem completely on GPU. Different from previous methods, the whole computation is accelerated in our method by packing the scalar and vector variables into four channels of texels. In order to be adaptive to the arbitrary boundary conditions, we group the grid nodes into different types according to their positions relative to obstacles and search the node that determines the value of the current node. Then we compute the texture coordinates offsets according to the type of the boundary condition of each node to determine the corresponding variables and achieve the interaction of flows with obstacles set freely by users. The test results prove the efficiency of our method and exhibit the potential of GPU for general-purpose computations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
17696206
P-quadtrees: a point and polygon hybrid multi-resolution rendering approach
Point and polygon representations have their respective merits in rendering objects. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid multi-resolution approach, PQuadtrees, to efficiently render highly detailed objects. PQuadtrees are constructed from geometry images. Both point and polygon are tightly integrated into a uniform structure. While traversing the P-Quadtrees in rendering, the part of surface that face the viewer can be rendered by coarser quad mesh to reduce the numbers of rendering primitives. The shading details can be enhanced by hardware accelerated normal mapping. The view dependent LOD selects the finer hierarchy on silhouette, which is rendered by points. The rendering of large-scale model is greatly accelerated while the visual effect both at the surfaces and the silhouette is guaranteed.
39271056
A hybrid representation of environment models in image-based real time walkthrough
In this paper, a hybrid representation of environment models using a combination of points and polygons is proposed. Through the model, a real time walkthrough of a complex environment can be achieved. We start from multiple depth reference images and classify the pixels of images into two categories, corresponding respectively to planar and non-planar surfaces in 3D space, then all the redundant points are removed by a comparison algorithm of sampling rate. For pixels corresponding to nonplanar surfaces, the point representation is maintained, and a local reconstruction and resampling process is employed to re-sample a set of points that distribute more uniformly on the surfaces. The re-sampled points are organized by an OBB-tree according to their space coordinates and a multiresolution structure is built to improve the rendering efficiency. For pixels corresponding to planar surfaces, the plane coefficients are reconstructed and all their appearances in the reference images are merged to texture maps. Under this hybrid representation, texture mapping and point-based rendering are employed to render the novel views, to take full advantage of the acceleration utility of graphics hardware. The algorithm demonstrates the combined advantages of approaches in traditional computer graphics and PBR/IBR, texture mapping for plane surfaces and point-based rendering for high detail surfaces and shapes.
34486970
Simulation of miscible binary mixtures based on lattice Boltzmann method
Miscible fluid mixtures, like pouring honey into water, Coca Cola into strong wine, are common phenomena in our daily life. While two miscible fluids are mixed together, their appearances in terms of colors and shapes will change due to their mixing interaction. The interaction between the mixture components could be regarded as a combination of the diffusing process and demixing process. If the former dominates the interaction, it is miscible; otherwise, it is immiscible. The complex microscopic interplay between the mixture components makes the simulation highly challenging. So far, there have been some dedicated research in computer graphics dealing with immiscible mixtures, but few works have been done focusing on miscible mixtures. In this paper, for the first time, we introduce a two-fluid lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), called TFLBM, applied to miscible binary mixtures. Different from other similar methods, the viscous and diffusing properties of the fluid in our work are considered separately, so that the physical insight is exposed more clearly and rationally. In addition, the operation of LBM is mostly a linear local computation, and graphics processing unit (GPU) has been utilized to achieve real-time simulation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
38559771
Cycles through Large Degree Vertices in Digraphs: A Generalization of Meyniel's Theorem
LetD=(V, E) be a digraph with vertex setVof sizenand arc setE. Foru?V, letd(u) denote the degree ofu. AMeyniel set Mis a subset ofVsuch thatd(u)+d(v)?2n?1 for every pair of nonadjacent verticesuandvbelonging toM. In this paper we show that ifDis strongly connected, then every Meyniel setMlies in a (directed) cycle, generalizing Meyniel's theorem. Our proof yields anO(|M|n4) algorithm for finding such a cycle. As a corollary it follows that ifDis strongly connected, thenDcontains a cycle through all vertices of degree ?nwhich generalizes a result of Shi for undirected graphs.
9790968
Fuzzy approximate disturbance decoupling of MIMO nonlinear systems by backstepping and application to chemical processes
Fuzzy approximate disturbance decoupling concept is introduced for a class of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with completely unknown nonlinearities. Based on backstepping technique, a fuzzy almost disturbance decoupling control scheme is proposed. The fuzzy controllers guarantee internal uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed-loop adaptive systems and render a bounded approximate L/sub 2/ gain from the disturbance input to the output. The developed design scheme is applied to control a two continuous stirred tank reactor process. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper.
39184835
Improved Robustness in Time Series Analysis of Gene Expression Data by Polynomial Model Based Clustering
Microarray experiments produce large data sets that often contain noise and considerable missing data. Typical clustering methods such as hierarchical clustering or partitional algorithms can often be adversely affected by such data. This paper introduces a method to overcome such problems associated with noise and missing data by modelling the time series data with polynomials and using these models to cluster the data. Similarity measures for polynomials are given that comply with commonly used standard measures. The polynomial model based clustering is compared with standard clustering methods under different conditions and applied to a real gene expression data set. It shows significantly better results as noise and missing data are increased.
32095656
Analyzing Outliers Cautiously
Outliers are difficult to handle because some of them can be measurement errors, while others may represent phenomena of interest, something "significant" from the viewpoint of the application domain. Statistical and computational methods have been proposed to detect outliers, but further analysis of outliers requires much relevant domain knowledge. In our previous work (1994), we suggested a knowledge-based method for distinguishing between the measurement errors and phenomena of interest by modeling "real measurements" - how measurements should be distributed in an application domain. In this paper, we make this distinction by modeling measurement errors instead. This is a cautious approach to outlier analysis, which has been successfully applied to a medical problem and may find interesting applications in other domains such as science, engineering, finance, and economics.
3266821
A Least Biased Fuzzy Clustering Method
A new operational definition of cluster is proposed, and a fuzzy clustering algorithm with minimal biases is formulated by making use of the maximum entropy principle to maximize the entropy of the centroids with respect to the data points (clustering entropy). The authors make no assumptions on the number of clusters or their initial positions. For each value of an adimensional scale parameter /spl beta/', the clustering algorithm makes each data point iterate towards one of the cluster's centroids, so that both hard and fuzzy partitions are obtained. Since the clustering algorithm can make a multiscale analysis of the given data set one can obtain both hierarchy and partitioning type clustering. The relative stability with respect to /spl beta/' of each cluster structure is defined as the measurement of cluster validity. The authors determine the specific value of /spl beta/' which corresponds to the optimal positions of cluster centroids by minimizing the entropy of the data points with respect to the centroids (clustered entropy). Examples are given to show how this least biased method succeeds in getting perceptually correct clustering results. >