40266494
IP Multiplexing by Transparent Port-Address Translator
There are certain occasions when we want to have more than one computers using a single IP address. One notable case is when we use firewalls for security reasons or when we use private IP addresses and still want to provide global IP connection. Since the computers behind the firewall or using private IP addresses do not have unique IP addresses, they can not participate in global IP network. However, we still want to provide them some means so that they can be used as if they have real IP addresses. 
 
Another example is when we have more than one server and want to make them appear to be just one server. With the proliferation of WWW, popular WWW servers tend to be overloaded and we need a mechanism to balance the load to several servers when needed. One solution being adopted is address translation by DNS (Domain Name Service). IP reuse using network address translator (NAT) is proposed in [TE93] and standardized by RFC1631. For load balancing of the WWW servers, a round robin distribution scheme using DNS is proposed and is used at NCSA [KBM94]. However, as pointed out from the literature, these schemes are based on DNS and there are several shortcomings. We propose a novel technique to perform address translation without a DNS. Our technique is based on the idea that any internet connection is uniquely identified by the socket pair . By using a address translating bridge, we can provide computers with phony IP addresses real IP connection. The performance of our scheme is investigated using a prototype and the test results show that there is very little overhead in using our scheme.
42316288
Mixing Heterogeneous Address Spaces in a Single Edge Network
The growth of IPv4 Internet has been facing the infamous IP address depletion barrier. In practice, typical IPv4 Internet edge networks can be expanded by incorporating private addresses and NAT devices. 
 
In this paper, major limitations of NAT-expanded private networks are presented. Furthermore, a solution is proposed to encourage the mixed usage of private and public IP addresses in a single edge network domain. The solution comprises of two key ideas : super-subnet mask and shared NAT. Super-subnet mask removes the routing boundary between private and public hosts. Shared NAT saves public IP address resources by sharing them among several private networks. These ideas not only encourage the coexistence of heterogeneous address classes, but also lead to efficient sharing of global IP addresses.
14854411
Correlation between Correlations: Process and Time in Quantum Networks
We study a special inhomogeneous quantum network consisting of a ring of M pseudo-spins (here M = 4) sequentially coupled to one and the same central spin under the influence of given pulse sequences (quantum gate operations). This architecture could be visualized as a quantum Turing machine with a cyclic "tape". Rather than input-output-relations we investigate the resulting process, i.e. the correlation between one-and two-point expectation values ("correlations") over various time-steps. The resulting spatiotemporal pattern exhibits many non-classical features including Zeno-effects, violation of temporal Bell-inequalities and quantum parallelism. Due to the strange web of correlations being built-up, specific measurement outcomes for the tape may refer to one or several preparation histories of the head. Specific families of correlation functions are more stable with respect to dissipation than the total wave-function.
250579
Live neural network formations on electronic chips
Abstract Live neuron behavior on an electronic chip was recorded by Nippon Telephone & Telegraph (NTT) with a time-lapsed video under the microscope. The dissociated chick embryonic brain neurons (telencephalic neurons) were cultured, and individual neurons were placed on silicon glass plates deposited with metal oxide strips about 10 μm width for possible electronegativity neurite guidance. We have attempted to map biological neural networks (BNN) to artificial neural networks (ANN) to determine whether the connectivity patterns dictate the information processing efficiency, or vice versa. By an image processing technique, we discovered the smallest size of intelligent BNN from those NTT video tapes that happened to fail their neurite guidance experiments. The neurite growth connecting other neurons was accomplished intentionally through selective paring in time rather than mechanically following the external guidance. Such a dynamic interconnection has inspired a model of energy landscaping, of which a general convergence theorem that has unified Hopfield-Cohen-Grossberg and Werbos-Rumelhart theorems is given, and a nonlinear Hebbian learning is derived capable for self-determination of ANN architectures.