123123854
Evidence for alpha-particle clustering in the Ti44 nucleus
The ..cap alpha..-particle cluster structure of /sup 44/Ti, which is of considerable interest for investigation of the persistence of ..cap alpha.. clustering in the region of the sd-shell closure, is studied within the frame of a local-potential approach. It is shown that the model leads to specific predictions if continuity with existing unique ..cap alpha..+ /sup 40/Ca optical potentials is insisted upon; in particular, the existence of an as yet experimentally unknown ..cap alpha..-cluster negative-parity band, starting just above the ..cap alpha..+ /sup 40/Ca threshold, is strongly suggested.
59128830
The ALPS Project: Open Source Software for Strongly Correlated Systems
We present the ALPS (Algorithms and Libraries for Physics Simulations) project, an international open source software project to develop libraries and application programs for the simulation of strongly correlated quantum lattice models such as quantum magnets, lattice bosons, and strongly correlated fermion systems. Development is centered on common XML and binary data formats, on libraries to simplify and speed up code development, and on full-featured simulation programs. The programs enable non-experts to start carrying out numerical simulations by providing basic implementations of the important algorithms for quantum lattice models: classical and quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) using non-local updates, extended ensemble simulations, exact and full diagonalization (ED), as well as the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG). The software is available from our web server at http://alps.comp-phys.org/.
46627030
A potential deduced from low energy 16O( alpha, alpha ) elastic scattering.
The properties of the {alpha}+{sup 16}O interaction in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier are investigated by constructing (real, energy-independent) potentials which reproduce---when resonant nonpotential contributions are added to the potential background---all available {sup 16}O({alpha},{alpha}) elastic scattering angular distributions and excitation functions between 3.5 and 9 MeV incident energies. These low energy potentials, which are constructed for angular momenta ranging from 0 to 5, are in line with the global potential extracted from the analysis of the higher energy data (20{le}{ital E}{sub {alpha}}{le}150 MeV), but a slight angular momentum dependence, and an increase of the barrier height of about 1 MeV, are found necessary to reproduce the low energy data; this effect is qualitatively similar to that predicted by calculations taking into account antisymmetrization or dispersion relation effects. These potentials reproduce the properties of the first three members of the {sup 20}Ne {ital K}{sup {pi}}=0{sub 4}{sup +} ``higher nodal`` rotational band, which dominate the scattering in the investigated energy range, and of the {ital J}{sup {pi}}=5{sup {minus}} member of the {ital K}{sup {pi}}=0{sup {minus}} ``inversion doublet`` band. By taking into account the energy dependence of the interaction at lower energy, these potentials also give a nice account of the propertiesmore » of the {ital J}{sup {pi}}=1{sup {minus}} and 3{sup {minus}} members of the same band, and are found to be compatible with the properties of the first three members of the {sup 20}Ne ground state band.« less
34169460
Luneburg lens approach to nuclear rainbow scattering.
The physical interpretation of nuclear rainbow scattering within the frame of the optical model is critically investigated. Starting from the properties of the Luneburg lens, a gradient index device that displays refractive features similar to those of the nuclear potential, important differences between the mechanisms producing the nuclear and optical rainbows are pointed out.
119969931
Optical-model Description of Alpha+o-16 Elastic-scattering and Alpha-cluster Structure in Ne-20
O16(,) elastic scattering angular distributions have been measured for incident energies 39.3, 49.5, and 69.5 MeV. These data, and previous measurements at 32.2, 104, and 146 MeV, have been subjected to a global optical model analysis. The deduced global potential has two energy-dependent parameters which are found to vary smoothly with energy and it is uniquely determined by the data. Backward angular distributions measured between 40 and 54 MeV are also presented and shown to be nicely reproduced by the model. The sensitivity of the cross sections to the various regions of the real potential has been investigated as a function of energy using the notch test technique. The low energy behavior of the differential cross sections can be understood in terms of the semiclassical decomposition of Brink and Takigawa. A natural extrapolation of the global potential below 30 MeV is shown to reproduce the wide bump observed in the experimental excitation functions around 20 MeV. This bump is shown to be due to an l=8 shape resonance and is interpreted as the J=8+ member of the K=04+ rotational band of Ne20, in contradiction with the current attribution. Other bound and quasibound states supported by the potential are discussed in the light of orthogonality condition model-type arguments and shown to be consistent with the well-known K=01+ and 0- bands, and with the first three states of the K=04+ band of Ne20. NUCLEAR REACTIONS O16(,), measured (), E=39.3, 49.5, 69.5 MeV; global optical model analysis, E=32-146 MeV; semiclassical decomposition of the scattering amplitude; investigation of the compatibility of the potential description with existing low energy data and comparison with cluster models. © 1983 The American Physical Society.
120326165
Airy structure in inelastic light-ion and light heavy-ion scattering
We suggest that the transparency displayed by some light heavy-ion systems, such as {sup 16}O+{sup 16}O, {sup 16}O+{sup 12}C, or {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C, which manifests itself by the emergence of Airy structure in the elastic scattering angular distributions and excitation functions, could also have observable consequences in some inelastic channels. Indeed benchmark calculations for the {alpha}+{sup 40}Ca light-ion system, where a similar mechanism dominates elastic scattering at low energy, reveals the persistence in inelastic scattering of the interference mechanism between the barrier-wave and internal-wave components of the scattering amplitude which underlies the Airy structure in the elastic channel. These calculations seem to point to new phase rules between the elastic and inelastic angular distributions.
118960042
The state of pulsar theory
Abstract I summarize the status of pulsar theory, now 35 years after their discovery. Although progress has been made in understanding the relevant processes involved, there are several widely held misconceptions that are inhibiting further advances. These include the idea that plasma “must” be accelerated from the magnetic polar caps (the basis for the “Hollow Cone Model”) and the idea that winds would be driven away by centrifugal forces, with large amplitude electromagnetic waves playing no role whatsoever. However, recent theoretical work is converging on a picture that closely resembles the latest HST and Chandra images, providing hope for the future. No less than three groups have recently confirmed the early Krause-Polstorff–Michel simulations showing that the fundamental plasma distribution around a rotating neutron star consists of two polar domes and an equatorial torus of trapped nonneutral plasma of opposite sign charges. Unless a lot of new physics can be added, this distribution renders the Goldreich–Julian model irrelevant (i.e., along with most of the theoretical publications over the last 33 years).
121467224
PARITY NONCONSERVATION IN NUCLEI
BS>The influence of the known weak interactions on the parity of nuclear states is discussed. Derivation of a parity nonconserving interaction rests on the assumption of a current-current hypothesis for the weak interactions. Consequently, observation of parity impurity effects would be an important confirmation of this hypothesis. A simple approximate method of treating the nuclear parity impurity is developed and applied in an effort to find experimental situations favorable to observation of effects due to such impurity. Parity-forbidden alpha decay from excited states of light nuclei and certain electromagnetic transitions in the heavy nuclei appear to be promising. Special attention was paid to the internal conversion electrons from the 123kev transition nn Lu/sup 173/ whose polarization is estimated to be about 0.4%. An effect on polarized neutrons analogous to optical rotation is also discussed. (auth)
123416974
Theory of pulsar magnetospheres
There is a wide range of fundamental physical problems directly related to how pulsars function. Some of these are independent of the specific pulsar mechanism. Others relate directly to the physics of the pulsar and already shed some light on the properties of matter at high density (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{15}$ g/cc) and in strong magnetic fields (\ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{12}$ G). Pulsars are assumed to be rotating neutron stars surrounded by strong magnetic fields and energetic particles. It is somewhere within this "magnetosphere" that the pulsar action is expected to take place. Currently there has been considerable difficulty in formulating an entirely self-consistent theory of the magnetospheric behavior and there may be rapid revisions in the near future, which is all the more surprising since many of the issues involve "elementary" problems in electromagnetism. One interesting discovery is that charge-separated plasmas apparently can support stable static discontinuities.
119697750
Gravitationally induced electric fields in conductors.
An estimate for the gravitationally induced electric field is presented that is based on a statistical model for the electrons in a metal in which their long-range electrostatic interaction with a differentially compressed lattice of positive ions is taken into account. The field is in the upward direction and is estimated to be of the order of magnitude $E\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{\mathrm{Mg}}{e}$, where $M$ is the atomic mass, $e$ is the electronic charge, and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity. For copper, $E\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ V/m. An earlier estimate by Schiff and Barnhill gives a field in the downward direction equal to $\frac{\mathrm{mg}}{e}$, where $m$ is the mass of the electron. The difference between our result and theirs is due to different treatments of the effect of lattice compressibility.