119495652
Casimir energy in a small volume multiply connected static hyperbolic preinflationary universe
A few years ago, Cornish, Spergel and Starkman (CSS) suggested that a multiply connected ''small'' universe could allow for classical chaotic mixing as a preinflationary homogenization process. The smaller the volume, the more important the process. Also, a smaller universe has a greater probability of being spontaneously created. Previously DeWitt, Hart and Isham (DHI) calculated the Casimir energy for static multiply connected flat space-times. Because of the interest in small volume hyperbolic universes (e.g., CSS), we generalize the DHI calculation by making a numerical investigation of the Casimir energy for a conformally coupled, massive scalar field in a static universe, whose spatial sections are the Weeks manifold, the smallest universe of negative curvature known. In spite of being a numerical calculation, our result is in fact exact. It is shown that there is spontaneous vacuum excitation of low multipolar components.
118576310
Gravitational Waves from Isotropisation process in Quadratic Gravity
It is believed that soon after the Planck era, spacetime should have a semi-classical nature. According to this idea, it is unavoidable to modify the General Relativity theory or look for alternative theories of gravitation. An interesting alternative found in the literature is to take into account two geometric counter-terms to regularize the divergences from the effective action. These counter-terms are responsible for a higher derivative metric theory of gravitation. In the present article, our main aim is to investigate if the process of isotropisation, which could well occur naturally in such a higher derivative metric theory, could generate gravitational waves. First of all, in order to proceed with such an investigation, we evaluate the time evolution of the resulting Weyl’s scalars. Then, we follow with a perturbative approach considering that the background metric is given by the Minkowski spacetime. Our entire analysis is restricted to the particular Bianchi I case.
119676801
The power spectrum of the circular noise
The circular noise is important in connection to Mach's principle, and also as a possible probe of the Unruh effect. In this letter the power spectrum of the detector following the Trocheries-Takeno motion in the Minkowski vacuum is analytically obtained in the form of an infinite series. A mean distribution function and corresponding energy density are obtained for this particular detected noise. The analogous of a non constant temperature distribution is obtained. And in the end, a brief discussion about the equilibrium configuration is given.
201234408
Geodesic motion on closed spaces: Two numerical examples
Abstract The geodesic structure is very closely related to the trace of the Laplace operator, involved in the calculation of the expectation value of the energy–momentum tensor in Universes with non-trivial topology. The purpose of this work is to provide concrete numerical examples of geodesic flows. Two manifolds with genus g = 0 are given. In one the chaotic regions, form sets of negligible or zero measure. In the second example the geodesic flow shows the presence of measurable chaotic regions. The approach is “experimental”, numerical, and there is no attempt to an analytical calculation.
118472353
BIANCHI I SOLUTIONS OF EFFECTIVE QUADRATIC GRAVITY
It is believed that soon after the Planck time, Einstein's general relativity theory should be corrected to an effective quadratic theory. Numerical solutions for the anisotropic generalization of the Friedmann "flat" model E3 for this effective gravity are given. It must be emphasized that although numeric, these solutions are exact in the sense that they depend only on the precision of the machine. The solutions are identified asymptotically in a certain sense. It is found solutions which asymptote de Sitter space, Minkowski space and a singularity. This work is a generalization for nondiagonal spatial metrics of a previous result obtained by one of us and a collaborator for Bianchi I spaces.
119420912
Casimir energy in multiply connected static hyperbolic universes
We generalize a previously obtained result for the case of a few other static hyperbolic universes with manifolds of nontrivial topology as spatial sections.
1646135
THE DIRC COUNTER: A NEW TYPE OF PARTICLE IDENTIFICATION DEVICE FOR B FACTORIES*
A very thin, solid radiator, totally internally reflecting, imaging Cherenkov counter (DIRC) is described. This device is well matched to requirements at an asymmetric e+e- B Factory. the hadronic charged particle identification 1. INTR~IXJ~TI~N Particle identification at a B factory is difficult, and highly constrained by the machine environment and the need for good energy measurement of soft photons in the calorimeter which surrounds the particle identification device [l]. Because of the high beam crossing rate and the potential for large backgrounds, the particle identification detector must be robust and relatively fast. Good r~‘dK separation is required over a wide momentum range between about 0.25 and 4 GeV/c. Most detectors measure dE/dx in the tracking chamber which allows good X/K separation up to about 600 MeV/c, but a specific identification device is required over most of the momentum region [2]. The amount of material in the device should be small (preferably less than 10% LRAD) and should be distributed as close as possible to the calorimeter in order to avoid degradation in the resolution performance of the calorimeter, and the loss of low energy conversion electrons in the magnetic field. In addition, the cost of the high quality calorimeter scales roughly like the radius squared and there will be substantial cost savings if the particle identification device can be made thin.
10514085
Fragmentation and Hadronization in e+e- Collisions
We present a number of jet fragmentation and hadronization measurements in e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} Z{sup 0} {yields} hadrons. The L3 collaboration has searched for pointlike color singlet radiation in multi-jet events, limiting any such contribution to rapidity gap events at the few percent level. ALEPH and SLD have measured production rates of a number of identified hadrons, including precise, full-coverage spectra of B hadrons. L3 and SLD have studied charged track and identified hadron production in heavy- and light-flavor events. OPAL has made a pioneering comparison of charged multiplicities between events of the three light flavors, u{bar u}, d{bar d} and s{bar s}.
13486962
Wave functions, evolution equations and evolution kernels from light ray operators of QCD
The widely used nonperturbative wave functions and distribution functions of QCD are determined as matrix elements of light-ray operators. These operators appear as large momentum limit of non-local hadron operators or as summed up local operators in light-cone expansions. Nonforward one-particle matrix elements of such operators lead to new distribution amplitudes describing both hadrons simultaneously. These distribution functions depend besides other variables on two scaling variables. They are applied for the description of exclusive virtual Compton scattering in the Bjorken region near forward direction and the two meson production process. The evolution equations for these distribution amplitudes are derived on the basis of the renormalization group equation of the considered operators. This includes that also the evolution kernels follow from the anomalous dimensions of these operators. Relations between different evolution kernels (especially the Altarelli-Parisi and the Brodsky-Lepage kernels) are derived and explicitly checked for the existing two-loop calculations of QCD. Technical basis of these results are support and analytically properties of the anomalous dimensions of light-ray operators obtained with the help of the α-representation of Green's functions.
119112341
Measurement of Inclusive Production of Light Charged Hadrons at BaBar
Inclusive hadron production cross sections in e+e-collisions shed light on the fundamental fragmentation and hadronization processes. We present measurements of the inclusive spectra of charged pions, kaons and protons in hadronic events at a center-of-mass energy of 10.54 \gev. These results are compared with theoretical predictions and the predictions of three hadronization models. Along with previous measurements at higher energies, they are also used to study the scaling properties of hadron production.
121755248
Correlations Between Identified Charged Hadrons in Hadronic Z0 Decays
We have studied rapidity correlations between pairs of identified π±, K± and . Short-range charge correlations are observed between all combinations of these hadron species, indicating local conservation of quantum numbers and charge ordering in the jet fragmentation process. Long-range correlations are observed in u, d, s-flavor events for all pair types, providing new information on leading particle production. Different correlations observed in c- and b-events are consistent with expectation for B and D hadron decays. The SLC electron beam polarization was used to tag the quark hemisphere in each event, allowing the fist study of rapidities such that positive rapidity is along the quark rather than antiquark direction. Orderd differences in signed rapidity between pairs of particles provide many new probes of the fragmentation process, including the first direct observation of baryon number ordering along the quark-antiquark axis.