121735483
Supersymmetrical Dual String Theory
It is proved that the physical states of the open-string sector of the ten-dimensional string theory form supersymmetry multiplets. The proof is achieved by first constructing a new formulation of the spectrum generating algebra, and then forming the supersymmetry operator (as well as associated operators) and demonstrating that it transforms as a spinor under Lorentz transformations and has the correct anticommutation relations. The results can be interpreted either in terms of a covariant formulation or in terms of a light-cone gauge formulation. In the former case certain formulas are not completely proved, although they are in the latter. When interpreted in four dimensions (by dimensional reduction) the string theory provides an interacting theory of an infinite number of massive representations of N = 4 supersymmetry involving particles of arbitrarily high spin.
86694733
World‐Volumes and String Target Spaces
String duality suggests a fascinating juxtoposition of world-volume and target-space dynamics. This is particularly apparent in the D-brane description of stringy solitons that forms a major focus of this article (which is not intended to be a comprehensive review of this extensive and sophisticated subject). The article is divided into four sections: 
 
 
 
• The oligarchy of string world-sheets 
 
 
 
 
• p-branes and world-volumes 
 
 
 
 
• World-sheets for world-volumes 
 
 
 
 
• Boundary states, D-branes and space-time supersymmetry
121755839
PHASE CONTOURS AND BOOTSTRAPS. I.
120539667
Anomaly cancellations in supersymmetric D = 10 gauge theory and superstring theory☆
Abstract Supersymmetric ten-dimensional Yang-Mills theory coupled to N = 1, D = 10 supergravity has gauge and gravitational anomalies that can be partially cancelled by the addition of suitable local interactions. The remaining pieces of all the anomalies cancel if the gauge group is SO(32) or E 8 × E 8 . These cancellations are automatically incorporated in the type I superstring theory based on SO(32). A superstring theory for E 8 × E 8 has not yet been constructed.
121062482
N=4 Yang-Mills and N=8 Supergravity as Limits of String Theories
The formulation of supersymmetric string theories in ten dimensions is generalized to incorporate compactified dimensions. Expressions for the one-loop four-particle S -matrix elements of N = 4 Yang-Mills and N = 8 supergravity in four dimensions are obtained by studying the string-theory loop amplitudes in the limit that the radii of the compactified dimensions and the Regge slope parameter simultaneously approach zero. If certain patterns that emerge should persist in the higher orders of perturbation theory, then N = 4 Yang-Mills in four dimensions would be ultraviolet finite to all orders, whereas N = 8 supergravity in four dimensions would have ultraviolet divergences starting at three loops.
123230985
Off-shell states in the dual model
Abstract We present a class of Lorentz invariant, gauge invariant off-shell amplitudes for the ordinary Veneziano and Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz dual models. They correspond to interactions with the string which are local in space-time.
121120579
The two-coil toroid magnet, an option for ASTROMAG
The ASTROMAG particle astrophysics experiment for the US space station requires a magnetic field in order to determine the energy and momentum of charged particles of various momenta. A second concept for generating magnetic field for ASTROMAG is presented. This magnet configuration consists of two D-shaped coils which form a two-coil toroid. The two coils are located within a paddle connected to a spherical helium tank. The physics detectors would be located on either side of the flat paddle. The particles travel toward the tank in a direction approximately parallel to the paddle surface. A description is given of the two-coil toroid, the magnet cryostat, and the helium II cryogenic system, which keeps the magnet cold for up to two years without refilling. >
136566290
MODELING OF PROXIMITY COUPLING BETWEEN SUPERCONDUCTING FILAMENTS IN SUPERCONDUCTING DIPOLE MAGNETS
There is strong experimental evidence for superconducting current coupling between filaments in fine filament multifilamentary Nb-Ti which has been proposed for the SSC. The coupling between the fine filaments appears to be a Type II superconducting coupling. As a result, a.c. loss and magnetization can increase as one reduces the filament size in a fine filamentary conductor. This paper presents a computer model which fits experimental data for proximity superconducting coupling between filaments in a superconductor matrix. Using this model, one can predict the effect of proximity coupling on the field uniformity of a dipole magnet for the SSC.
16221330
Some options for the muon collider capture and decay solenoids
This report discusses some of the problems associated with using solenoid magnets to capture the secondary particles that are created when an intense beam of 8 to 10 GeV protons interacts with the target at the center of the capture region. Hybrid capture solenoids with inductions of 28 T and a 22T are described. The first 14 to 15 T of the solenoid induction will be generated by a superconducting magnet. The remainder of the field will be generated by a Bitter type of water cooled solenoid. The capture solenoids include a transition section from the high field solenoid to a 7 T decay channel where pions and kaons that come off of the target decay into muons. A short 7 T solenoidal decay channel between the capture solenoid system and the phase rotation system is described. A concept for separation of negative and positive pions and kaons is briefly discussed.
121321569
A report on Russian magnet technology for use in phi factory and light source bending magnets
59453973
A superconducting focusing solenoid for the neutrino factory linear accelerator
A Superconducting Focusing Solenoid for the Neutrino Factory Linear Accelerator * M. A. Green, V. Lebedev, and B. P Strauss The 400-m long linear accelerator is divided into three sections. Upstream from the linear accelerator is a matching section that provides the first 60 MeV of muon acceleration. The end of the matching section consists of a pair of low stray field solenoids with adjustable currents for tuning. The first section has 4 short modules that are 5-meters long. Each short module has two cells of RF cavities. The second section has 16 medium length modules that are 8-meters long. Each intermediate module has two cells of RF cavities arranged in groups of two with a 1-meter space between groups. The short and intermediate modules have a 1-meter long focusing solenoid with a 1.25-meter long straight section at each end. The third acceleration section has 19 long modules that are 13-meters long. The long module has eight superconducting RF cells arranged in groups of two with a 1-meter space between cell groups. The focusing solenoid is 1.5 meters long with a 1.25-meter long space separating it from the adjacent RF cavity cells. The three types of acceleration modules used for the linear accelerator are illustrated in Figure 1. Unlike focusing quadrupoles, focusing solenoids can produce a stray field that exists some distance from the magnet. The superconducting RF cavities are sensitive to magnetic fields even at the level of 0.0001 T (versus 0.043 T for the smallest single solenoid in Table 1), so a key parameter in the focusing solenoid design is getting rid of the solenoid stray field in the RF cavities. The methods one can use to eliminate the stray field in the RF cavities are:1) The focusing solenoid should produce zero net magnetic moment[5,6]. This means that the coil that produces the field is bucked by a coil that is larger in diameter. 2) The field from the bucking coils should be distributed in the same way as the solenoid field. This suggests that the bucking solenoid be around the focusing solenoid so that the return flux from the focusing solenoid is returned between the focusing solenoid and the bucking solenoid[7]. 3) The nested solenoids should be surrounded by iron except where the muon beam passes through the solenoid. 4) An iron flux shield should be installed between the focusing solenoid and the RF cavities. 5) If the stray field is still not low enough, the RF cavities can be covered with a type 2 superconducting shield. This shield will trap earth’s magnetic field, but it will shield out the remaining stray flux from a nearby solenoid provided the cavities are cold (below 5 K) when the solenoid is turned on. An iron shielded actively shielded solenoid appears to be a minimum requirement in order to reduce the stray field to an acceptable level. Abstract--The proposed linear Accelerator that accelerates muons from 190 MeV to 2.45 GeV will use superconducting solenoids for focusing the muon beam. The accelerator will use superconducting RF cavities. These cavities are very sensitive to stay magnetic field from the focusing magnets. Superconducting solenoids can produce large stray fields. This report describes the 201.25 MHz acceleration system for the neutrino factory. This report also describes a focusing solenoid that delivers almost no stray field to a neighboring superconducting RF cavity. Index Terms—Superconducting Focusing Solenoid, Active Shielding, Superconducting RF Cavities I. I NTRODUCTION The proposed neutrino factory generates neutrinos from muon decay in a muon storage ring[1,2]. The muons are created from the decay of pions produced from the collision of protons on a fixed target. The pions are captured by a 20 T solenoid. The pions then decay to muons as they pass down a long channel. The muons are phase-rotated, bunched, and cooled before they can be accelerated and stored in the storage ring[3]. The first stage of acceleration is a linear accelerator that uses superconducting RF cavities[4]. Muon focusing during this acceleration occurs within superconducting solenoids. After the muons are accelerated to 2350 MeV, they enter a re- circulating linac that accelerates them to their final energy of 20 GeV. The 20 GeV muons are then stored in storage ring where they decay to two neutrinos and an electron or positron (depending on the charge of the originating muon type). II. F OCUSING S OLENOIDS FOR THE L INEAR A CCELERATOR The proposed linear accelerator that accelerates the muons from 190 MeV to 2350 MeV extends nearly 400 meters. The Linear accelerator will use high gradient superconducting RF cavities to accelerate the beam. These cavities will not only increase the acceleration gradient, but they will also save electric power. Between the RF cavities there will be superconducting solenoids that provide beam focusing. Received 26 September 2001 * This work was supported by the Office of Science, United States Department of Energy under DOE contract number DE-AC03-76SF00098 M. A. Green, is from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA 94720, USA;V. Lebedev, is from the Thomas Jefferson National Laboratory, Newport News VA 23606, USA; B. P Strauss is from the U S Department of Energy, Germantown MD 20874, USA