1036423
Investigation of Brood Size in GP with Brood Recombination Crossover for Object Recognition
This paper describes an approach to the investigation of brood size in the brood recombination crossover method in genetic programming for object recognition problems. The approach is examined and compared with the standard crossover operator on three object classification problems of increasing difficulty. The results suggest that the brood recombination method outperforms the standard crossover operator for all the problems in terms of the classification accuracy. As the brood size increases, the system effective performance can be improved. When it exceeds a certain point, however, the effective performance will not be improved and the system will become less efficient.
14110256
Query Directed Web Page Clustering
Web page clustering methods categorize and organize search results into semantically meaningful clusters that assist users with search refinement; but finding clusters that are semantically meaningful to users is difficult. In this paper, we describe a new Web page clustering algorithm, QDC, which uses the user's query as part of a reliable measure of cluster quality. The new algorithm has five key innovations: a new query directed cluster quality guide that uses the relationship between clusters and the query, an improved cluster merging method that generates semantically coherent clusters by using cluster description similarity in additional to cluster overlap, a new cluster splitting method that fixes the cluster chaining or cluster drifting problem, an improved heuristic for cluster selection that uses the query directed cluster quality guide, and a new method of improving clusters by ranking the pages by relevance to the cluster. We evaluate QDC by comparing its clustering performance against that of four other algorithms on eight data sets (four use full text data and four use snippet data) by using eleven different external evaluation measurements. We also evaluate QDC by informally analysing its real world usability and performance through comparison with six other algorithms on four data sets. QDC provides a substantial performance improvement over other Web page clustering algorithms
10104566
Learning knowledge bases for information extraction from multiple text based Web sites
We describe a learning approach to automatically building knowledge bases for information extraction from multiple text based Web pages. A frame based representation is introduced to represent domain knowledge as knowledge unit frames. A frame learning algorithm is developed to automatically learn knowledge unit frames from training examples. Some training examples can be obtained by automatically parsing a number of tabular Web pages in the same domain, which greatly reduced the time consuming manual work. This approach was investigated on ten Web sites of real estate advertisements and car advertisements and nearly all the information was successfully extracted with very few false alarms. These results suggest that both the knowledge unit frame representation and the frame learning algorithm work well, domain specific knowledge base can be learned from training examples, and the domain specific knowledge base can be used for information extraction from flexible text-based semi-structured Web pages on multiple Web sites.
16297828
Neural Networks for Scientific Paper Classification
This paper describes an approach to the use of neural networks for improving the scientific paper classification performance. On the basis of the initial classification results obtained from the content-based naive Bayes method, this approach uses neural networks to model the citation link structures of the scientific papers for refining the class labels of the documents. The approach is examined and compared with the naive Bayes method on a standard paper classification data set with increasing training set sizes. The results suggest that using citation link structures, neural networks can significantly improve the system performance over the content-based naive Bayes method for all the training set sizes
17081857
QC4 - A Clustering Evaluation Method
Many clustering algorithms have been developed and researchers need to be able to compare their effectiveness. For some clustering problems, like web page clustering, different algorithms produce clusterings with different characteristics: coarse vs fine granularity, disjoint vs overlapping, flat vs hierarchical. The lack of a clustering evaluation method that can evaluate clusterings with different characteristics has led to incomparable research and results. QC4 solves this by providing a new structure for defining general ideal clusterings and new measurements for evaluating clusterings with different characteristics with respect to a general ideal clustering. The paper describes QC4 and evaluates it within the web clustering domain by comparison to existing evaluation measurements on synthetic test cases and on real world web page clustering tasks. The synthetic test cases show that only QC4 can cope correctly with overlapping clusters, hierarchical clusterings, and all the difficult boundary cases. In the real world tasks, which represent simple clustering situations, QC4 is mostly consistent with the existing measurements and makes better conclusions in some cases.
17659364
Data Extraction from Semi-structured Web Pages by Clustering
This paper introduces an approach to the use of clustering for data extraction from semi-structured Web pages. A variant hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) algorithm K-neighbours-HAC is developed which uses the similarities of the data format (HTML tags) and the data content (text string values) to group similar text tokens into clusters. Using these clusters, similar text tokens are identified as data fields and extracted as target information. The approach is examined and compared with a number of existing information extraction systems on two different sets of Web pages and the results suggest that the new approach is effective for Web information extraction and that it outperforms all of the existing approaches on these Web sites
2376280
A Radar Target Multi-feature Fusion Classifier Based on Rough Neural Network
Fusing Multi-feature will benefit radar target classification with much more belief. However, since radar target attributes such as high range resolution profiles, waveforms, frequency spectra, time-frequency spectra, higher order statistics, polarization spectra and flight path are of different dimensions, it is hard to make decision by fusing multi-feature directly. Fortunately, rough set makes decision by examining the fitness of each condition attribute separately, while neural network is powerful for dealing with nonlinear problems. With radial projection of target dimension, cruising velocity and height as condition attribute, a multi-feature rough neural network fusion classifier is presented. Simulation of the proposed classifier based on an information system with 25 targets belonging to 6 classes shows accuracy not less than 93%, while attributes are subjoined with typical radar errors.
8123307
Strategies anticipating a difference in search depth using opponent-model search
In this contribution we propose a class of strategies which focus on the game as well as on the opponent. Preference is given to the thoughts of the opponent, so that the strategy under investigation might be speculative. We describe a generalization of OM search, called (D, d)-OM search, where D stands for the depth of search by the player and d for the opponent's depth of search. A known difference in search depth can be exploited by purposely choosing a suboptimal variation with the aim to gain a larger advantage than when playing the objectively best move. The difference in search depth may have the result that the opponent does not see the variation in sufficiently deep detail. We then give a pruning alternative for (D, d)-OM search, denoted by α-β 2 pruning. A best-case analysis shows that α-β 2 prunes very efficiently, comparable to the efficiency of α-β with regard to minimax. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is confirmed by simulations using a game-tree model including an opponent model and by experiments in the domain of Othello.
43629891
A Content-Based Image Quality Metric
image quality assessment plays an important role in relevant fields of image processing. The traditional image quality metric, such as PSNR, cannot reflect the visual perception to the image effectively. For this purpose, based on the fuzzy Sugeno integral a novel image quality assessment measure, called content-based metric (CBM), is proposed in this paper. It fuses the amount and local information into the similarity of the image structural information and gives a comprehensive evaluation for the quality of the specified image. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed metric has a good correlation with the human subjective perception, and can reflect the image quality effectively.
33275321
A Shot Boundary Detection Method for News Video Based on Rough Sets and Fuzzy Clustering
With the rapid growing amount of multimedia, content-based infomation retrieval has become more and more important. As a crucial step in content-based news video indexing and retrieval system, shot boundary detection attracts much more research interests in recent years. To partition news video into shots, many metrics were constructed to measure the similarity among video frames based on all the available video features. However, too many features will reduce the efficiency of the shot boundary detection. Therefore, it is necessary to perform feature reduction for every decision of shot boundary. For this purpose, the classification method based on rough sets and fuzzy c-means clustering for feature reduction and rule generation is proposed. According to the particularity of news scenes, shot transition can be divided into three types: cut transition, gradual transition and no transition. The efficacy of the proposed method is extensively tested on more than 2 h of news programs and 98.0% recall with 96.6% precision have been achieved.
20577453
A Novel Clustering Method Based on SVM
For the problem of cluster analysis, the objective function based algorithms are popular and widely used methods. However, the performance of these algorithms depends upon the priori information about cluster number and cluster prototypes. Moreover, it is only effective for analyzing data set with the same type of cluster prototypes. For this end, this paper presents a novel algorithm based on support vector machine (SVM) for realizing fully unsupervised clustering. The experimental results with various test data sets illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed novel clustering algorithm based on SVM.