6208845
Efficient generation of delay change curves for noise-aware static timing analysis
In this paper, we explore the concept of using analytical models to efficiently generate delay change curves (DCCs) that can then be used to characterize the impact of noise on any victim/aggressor configuration. Such an approach captures important noise considerations such as the possibility of delay change even when the switching windows of neighboring gates do not overlap. The technique is model-independent, which we demonstrate by using several crosstalk noise models to obtain results. Furthermore, we extend an existing noise model to more accurately handle multiple aggressors in the timing analysis framework. DCC results from the analytical approach closely match those from time-consuming SPICE simulations, making timing analysis using DCCs efficient as well as accurate.
206440147
Berkeley reliability tools-BERT
Berkeley reliability tools (BERT) simulates the circuit degradation (drift) due to hot-electron degradation in MOSFETs and bipolar transistors and predicts circuit failure rates due to oxide breakdown and electromigration in CMOS, bipolar, and BiCMOS circuits. With the increasing importance of reliability in today's and future technology, a reliability simulator such as this is expected to serve as the engine of design-for-reliability in a building-in-reliability paradigm. BERT works in conjunction with a circuit simulator such as SPICE in order to simulate reliability for actual circuits, and, like SPICE, acts as an interactive tool for design. BERT is introduced and the current work being done is summarized. BERT is used to study the reliability of a BiCMOS inverter chain, and performance data are presented. >
9059175
On thermal effects in deep sub-micron VLSI interconnects
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the thermal effects in advanced high performance interconnect systems arising due to self-heating under various circuit conditions, including electrostatic discharge. Technology (Cu, low-k etc.) and scaling effects on the thermal characteristics of the interconnects, and on their electromigration reliability has been analyzed simultaneously, which will have important implications for providing robust and aggressive deep sub-micron interconnect design guidelines. Furthermore, the impact of these thermal effects on the design (driver sizing) and optimization of the interconnect length between repeaters at the upper-level signal lines are investigated.
12971605
AAM derived face representations for robust facial action recognition
In this paper, we present results on experiments employing active appearance model (AAM) derived facial representations, for the task of facial action recognition. Experimental results demonstrate the benefit of AAM-derived representations on a spontaneous AU database containing "real-world" variation. Additionally, we explore a number of normalization methods for these representations which increase facial action recognition performance
123451361
Probabilistic expression analysis on manifolds
In this paper, we propose a probabilistic video-based facial expression recognition method on manifolds. The concept of the manifold of facial expression is based on the observation that the images of all possible facial deformations of an individual make a smooth manifold embedded in a high dimensional image space. An enhanced Lipschitz embedding is developed to embed the aligned face appearance in a low dimensional space while keeping the main structure of the manifold. In the embedded space, a complete expression sequence becomes a path on the expression manifold, emanating from a center that corresponds to the neutral expression. Each path consists of several clusters. A probabilistic model of transition between the clusters and paths is learned through training videos in the embedded space. The likelihood of one kind of facial expression is modeled as a mixture density with the clusters as mixture centers. The transition between different expressions is represented as the evolution of the posterior probability of the six basic paths. The experimental results demonstrate that the probabilistic approach can recognize expression transitions effectively. We also synthesize image sequences of changing expressions through the manifold model.
1743563
Toward an evaluation infrastructure for power and energy optimizations
Execution-driven simulators are often used for power/energy and performance evaluation. Simulators can provide semantic details but they provide insufficient speed and accuracy for compiler and OS research. Physical measurement is fast and objective but lacks a semantic connection between the measurement result and the evaluated program. The objective of our research is to bring together the advantages of simulation and physical measurement to build an infrastructure for power and energy optimization. Power and energy behavior is obtained through physical measurement. Simulation is used for observing the connection between power and energy behavior and the evaluated program. Our preliminary results demonstrate the ability of this infrastructure to capture detailed power behavior of any region of a program. To simplify the power/energy evaluation of programs with long execution times and overcome the limitation of physical devices, we propose using the SimPoints methodology developed by researchers at UC San Diego to find representative slices of a program. Through simulation, we validate the feasibility of the SimPoint idea in simplifying power/energy evaluation. We expect that this infrastructure will help researchers in OS/compiler power/energy optimization to evaluate their optimizations more efficiently and observe more optimization opportunities.
14245590
RED with optimized dynamic threshold deployment on shared buffer
Prior survey of RED algorithm deployment on multiqueue system with shared buffer was unfair and sensitive to congestion level by statically setting the parameters. In this paper, our goal is to deploy the Random Early Detection (RED) algorithm in routers on shared buffer and solve these problems. A novel buffer management scheme that dynamically adjusts the parameters of RED named RED-ODT is proposed. Simulations under uniform traffic load and nonuniform traffic load are given, the results of which ascertain and demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of low packet drop ratio, satisfying buffer utilization and fairness. Simulation also shows that RED-ODT is insensitive to congestion level.
17881375
Virtual Mouse - Inputting Device by Hand Gesture Tracking and Recognition
In this paper, we develop a system to track and recognize hand motion in nearly real time. An important application of this system is to simulate mouse as a visual inputting device. Tracking approach is based on Condensation algorithm, and active shape model. Our contribution is combining multi-modal templates to increase the tracking performance. Weighting value is given to the sampling ratio of Condensation by applying the prior property of the templates. The recognition approach is based on HMM. Experiments show our system is very promising to work as an auxiliary inputting device.