11499441
Matching RDF Graphs
The Resource Description Framework (RDF) describes graphs of statements about resources. RDF is a fundamental lower layer of the semantic web. This paper explores the equality of two RDF graphs in light of the graph isomorphism literature. We consider anonymous resources as unlabelled vertices in a graph, and show that the standard graph isomorphism algorithms, developed in the 1970's, can be used effectively for comparing RDF graphs. The techniques presented are useful for testing RDF software.
11544923
Unparsing RDF/XML
It is difficult to serialize an RDF graph as a humanly readable RDF/XML document. This paper describes the approach taken in Jena 1.2, in which a design pattern of guarded procedures invoked using top down recursive descent is used. Each procedure corresponds to a grammar rule; the guard makes the choice about the applicability of the production. This approach is seen to correspond closely to the design of an LL(k) parser, and a theoretical justification of this correspondence is found in universal algebra.
1954
Corpus Annotation for Parser Evaluation
We describe a recently developed corpus annotation scheme for evaluating parsers that avoids shortcomings of current methods. The scheme encodes grammatical relations between heads and dependents, and has been used to mark up a new publicdomain corpus of naturally occurring English text. We show how the corpus can be used to evaluate the accuracy of a robust parser, and relate the corpus to extant resources.
5260380
A Bag of Useful Techniques for Efficient and Robust Parsing
This paper describes new and improved techniques which help a unification-based parser to process input efficiently and robustly. In combination these methods result in a speed-up in parsing time of more than an order of magnitude. The methods are correct in the sense that none of them rule out legal rule applications.
3131824
From RAGS to RICHES: Exploiting the Potential of a Flexible Generation Architecture
The RAGS proposals for generic specification of NLG systems includes a detailed account of data representation, but only an outline view of processing aspects. In this paper we introduce a modular processing architecture with a concrete implementation which aims to meet the RAGS goals of transparency and reusability. We illustrate the model with the RICHES system -- a generation system built from simple linguistically-motivated modules.
18711252
Grammar Compaction and Computation Sharing in Automata-based Parsing
Wide-coverage grammars in Lexicalised Tree-Adjoining Grammar (ltag) and related formalisms are structurally complex, containing many hundreds of elementary trees. In the context of the development of a full-scale ltag-like grammar and parsing system, we have investigated the claim that because many of these trees have a great deal of structure in common, a parser that manipulates trees individually performs a considerable amount of redundant computation. This claim has been used to motivate a parsing technique that encodes trees as nite state automata and captures overlapping computation through automata minimization. Our preliminary results show that this technique leads to considerable computation sharing .
14643603
Making use is more than a matter of task analysis
I am pleased and honored that such an impressive group of commentators considered my book Making Use (Carroll, 2000) worthy of discussion and analysis. I would not expect, nor even prefer really, to have everyone agree with me. What would bother me, what would bother any author, is to not be read at all. Dan Diaper’s critical review and the commentaries by David Benyon/Catriona Macaulay, Tom Carey, and Fabio Paterno, will help to make that less likely! Many important themes are raised in Diaper (2002) review and in the commentaries. In this response I want to concentrate on refining a few of the main issues and distinctions. First, I briefly consider contrasts in values. I think that preferences for scenario-based design versus traditional task analytic methods reflect differences in the underlying world views and values of designers and researchers. To some extent, therefore, the issues in this discussion are not just technical, but paradigmatic and moral. Second, I consider the state of design practices in HCI and its implications for where onus lies in contemporary methodological argumentation and for what sorts of data are pertinent and required to address outstanding methodological issues. Finally, I consider the question of how task analysis, in the sense of structured task decomposition, might be reconstructed in the emerging paradigm of scenario-based design.