120000655
SU(3) SYMMETRY AND THE NONLEPTONIC K-MESON PROCESSES
668406
Quantization of electromagnetic fields in a circular cylindrical cavity
We present a quantization procedure for the electromagnetic field in a circular cylindrical cavity with perfectly conducting walls, which is based on the decomposition of the field. A new decomposition procedure is proposed; all vector mode functions satisfying the boundary conditions are obtained with the help of this decomposition. After expanding the quantized field in terms of the vector mode functions, it is possible to derive the Hamiltonian for this quantized system.
14939249
Coupled Harmonic Oscillators and Feynman's Rest of the Universe
According to Feynman, the universe consists of two parts - the system in which we are interested and the rest of the universe which our measurement process does not reach. Feynman then formulates the density matrix in terms of the observable world and the rest of the universe. It is shown that coupled harmonic oscillators can serve as an illustrative example for Feynman's ``rest of the universe.'' It is pointed out that this simple example has far-reaching consequences in many branches of physics, including statistical mechanics, measurement theory, information theory, thermo-field dynamics, quantum optics, and relativistic quantum mechanics. It is shown that our ignorance of the rest of the universe increases the uncertainty and entropy in the system in which we are interested.
40702960
Covariant phase-space representation and overlapping distribution functions.
The Lorentz deformation property of the phase-space distribution function is studied for harmonic oscillators. The overlap effect of two distribution functions is discussed in detail. It is shown that the Lorentz deformation of the phase-space distribution is responsible for the polynomial cutoff behavior of the proton form factor in the harmonic-oscillator quark model.
1320799
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions in polarization optics.
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions are manifestations of the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles, respectively. It is shown to be possible to produce combinations of optical filters which exhibit transformations corresponding to Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions. This is possible because the combined effects of rotation, phase-shift, and attenuation filters lead to transformation matrices of the six-parameter Lorentz group applicable to Jones vectors and Stokes parameters for polarized light waves. The symmetry transformations in special relativity lead to a set of experiments which can be performed in optics laboratories.
1673726
Symmetries Shared by the Poincaré Group and the Poincaré Sphere
Henri Poincare formulated the mathematics of Lorentz transformations, known as the Poincare group. He also formulated the Poincare sphere for polarization optics. It is shown that these two mathematical instruments can be derived from the two-by-two representations of the Lorentz group. Wigner’s little groups for internal space-time symmetries are studied in detail. While the particle mass is a Lorentz-invariant quantity, it is shown to be possible to address its variations in terms of the decoherence mechanism in polarization optics.
119962841
Photoelectron angular distributions from the subshells of high-Z elements
Numerical predictions are obtained, within a relativistic multipole central-field approximation calculation, for the radial matrix elements and resulting angular distributions of photoelectrons ejected from inner through outer subshells of uranium and for photoelectron energies from near threshold (1 eV) to 100 keV. Some data are also presented for outer subshells of mercury. We confirm that for inner shells higher-multipole effects persist to low energies, while we find that for outer shells such effects become small. For uranium inner ns subshells the asymmetry parameter ..beta../sub n/s differs from its nonrelativistic value 2, but not more than 30% (for n .. epsilonp/sub 1/2/ and ns ..-->.. epsilonp/sub 3/2/ transitions for these inner shells are similar). For outer s subshells relativistic spin-orbit splittings cause large deviations from the nonrelativistic predictions which can be understood from the magnitudes, zeros, and splittings of the two radial matrix elements. For U 6p/sub 1/2/ and 6p/sub 3/2/, ..beta../sub 6p/ has the same qualitative features found in nonrelativistic calculations for outer p shells of other high-Z elements, but the angular distributions from the two states do differ in detail. Such differences in angular distributions of themore » photoelectrons from the two j substates of given l become smaller for inner p shells. For outer d and f subshells the asymmetry parameter oscillates with photoelectron energy in a manner similar to that found by Manson in nonrelativistic dipole d-subshell calculations, and no qualitatively important relativistic effects have been identified; this is due to the decrease of the fine-structure-splitting interval with increasing angular momentum.« less
14332037
Mass and Spin Measurement with M(T2) and MAOS Momentum
We discuss the M T 2 -kink method to determine the masses of both the dark matter WIMP and its mother particle produced at the LHC. We then introduce a new kinematic variable, the M T 2 -Assisted-On-Shell (MAOS) momentum, that provides a systematic approximation to the invisible particle momenta in hadron collider events producing a pair of invisible particles, and apply it to certain SUSY processes and their UED equivalents to determine the spin of gluino/KK-gluon and of slepton/KK-lepton. An application of the MAOS momentum to the SM Higgs mass measurement is briefly discussed also.
120238308
Subshell branching ratios of partial photoionization cross sections
9733106
Microlensing Detections of Planets in Binary Stellar Systems
We demonstrate that microlensing can be used for detecting planets in binary stellar systems. This is possible because in the geometry of planetary binary systems, in which the planet orbits one of the binary components and the other binary star is located at a large distance, both planet and secondary companion produce perturbations in a common region around the planet-hosting binary star, and thus the signatures of both planet and binary companion can be detected in the light curves of high-magnification lensing events. We find that identifying planets in binary systems is optimized when the secondary is located within a certain range that depends on the type of the planet. The proposed method can detect planets with masses down to one-tenth of the Jupiter mass in binaries with separations 100 AU. These ranges of planet masses and binary separations are not covered by other methods, and thus microlensing would be able to make the planetary binary sample richer.
18064237
The effect of kaon condensation on quark-antiquark condensate in dense matter
Abstract Assuming that at sufficiently high densities the constituent quarks become relevant degrees of freedom, we study within the framework of a chiral quark model the influence of s -wave K − condensation on the quark–antiquark condensates. We find that, in linear density approximation, the presence of a K − condensate quenches the u ¯ u condensate, but that the d ¯ d condensate remains unaffected up to the chiral order under consideration. We discuss the implication of the suppressed u ¯ u condensate for flavor-dependent chiral symmetry restoration in dense matter.