33766757
A Peer-to-Peer Approach to Collaborative Repository for Digital Libraries
Growing amount of precious content digitized in digital libraries (DLs) could cost much digitization, backup, and restoration effort. To meet the requirements in a digital archiving system, several issues must be addressed. First, it usually requires much storage and network bandwidth for each individual DL to maintain its own backup service. Second, the manual effort makes it difficult to maintain. In this paper, we propose a peer-to-peer (P2P) approach to collaborative repository for DLs. Cooperating spiders are utilized to facilitate efficient and scalable archiving without much manual effort. The spidering-based approach can automatically keep the structure of content thus enabling simpler implementation and easier support for cross-archive applications. Preliminary experimental results show the potential of the proposed approach.
40595039
Constructing a Wrapper-Based DRM System for Digital Content Protection in Digital Libraries
Conventional digital libraries utilize access control and digital watermarking techniques to protect their digital content. These methods, however, have drawbacks. First, after passing the identity authentication process, authorized users can easily redistribute the digital assets. Second, it is impractical to expect a digital watermarking scheme to prevent all kinds of attack. Thus, how to enforce property rights after digital content has been released to authorized users is a crucial and challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a wrapper-based approach to digital content protection that integrates digital watermarking, cryptography, information protection technology, and a rights model. In this rights enforcement environment, the behavior of all content players is monitored and digital content can only be accessed after certain usage rules have been satisfied. Furthermore, the proposed architecture can be easily integrated into any digital content player, or even existing DRM systems in digital libraries. With the protection of the proposed DRM system, the abuse of digital content can be drastically reduced.
44717149
Peer-to-Peer Support for File Transfer and Caching Mechanism
In existing Internet file transfer mechanism, proxy servers play a major role in load balancing and reducing duplicate file access requests for services like FTP and WWW. However, proxy servers are usually unaware of the availability of cached contents on other peer proxy servers. This is a waste of time since duplicate requests are needed. Unnecessary traffic can be reduced if cooperation and coordination among peer proxies can be utilized. In this paper, peer-to-peer support was incorporated in ordinary file transfer and caching mechanism to reduce unnecessary processing time and storage. Through the location service, hosts requesting file services can dynamically determine if a copy is available and its current location. Work load for file servers will be greatly reduced, and personalization of file transfer configuration can be fully supported.
94229
Translating unknown queries with web corpora for cross-language information retrieval
It is crucial for cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) systems to deal with the translation of unknown queries due to that real queries might be short. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of exploiting the Web as the corpus source to translate unknown queries for CLIR. We propose an online translation approach to determine effective translations for unknown query terms via mining of bilingual search-result pages obtained from Web search engines. This approach can alleviate the problem of the lack of large bilingual corpora, translate many unknown query terms, provide flexible query specifications, and extract semantically-close translations to benefit CLIR tasks -- especially for cross-language Web search.
14678674
Enhanced intranet management in a DHCP-enabled environment
The DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) is widely deployed in resource allocation and intranet management. However the DHCP mechanism is not mandatory and the DHCP server can neither force DHCP clients to release their leases, nor enforce cooperation from externally configured hosts that are DHCP-unaware. Although new DHCP options such as DHCP reconfigure extension have been proposed, the basic problems inherent in DHCP mechanism cannot be solved without first strengthening its operations. In the paper a DHCP-based infrastructure for intranet management is proposed by combining the resource allocation functions of the DHCP server with the packet filtering features of MAC (Medium Access Control) bridges such as Ethernet switches and wireless access points. DHCP clients and DHCP-unaware hosts that do not abide by the DHCP mechanism or our management policy will be denied network accesses by MAC bridges. Resource allocation and access control can be integrated and local configuration conflicts can be reduced to the minimum.
10320126
Resolving the unencoded character problem for chinese digital libraries
Constructing a Chinese digital library, especially for historical article archiving, is often hindered by the small character sets supported by current computer systems. This paper is aimed at resolving the unencoded character problem with a practical and composite approach for Chinese digital libraries. The proposed approach consists of the glyph expression model, glyph structure database, and supporting tools. With this approach, the following problems can be resolved. First, the extensibility of Chinese characters can be preserved. Second, it would be as easy to generate, input, display, and search unencoded characters as existing ones. Third, it is compatible with existing encoding schemes that most computers use. This approach has been utilized by organizations and projects in various application domains including archeology, linguistics, ancient texts, calligraphy and paintings, and stone and bronze rubbings. For example, in Academia Sinica, a very large full-text database of ancient texts called Scripta Sinica has been created using this approach. The Union Catalog of National Digital Archives Project (NDAP) dealt with the unencoded characters encountered when merging the metadata of 12 different thematic domains from various organizations. Also, in Bronze Inscriptions Research Team (BIRT) of Academia Sinica, 3,459 bronze inscriptions were added, which is very helpful to the education and research in historic linguistics
207320252
An efficient kernel discriminant analysis method
Small sample size and high computational complexity are two major problems encountered when traditional kernel discriminant analysis methods are applied to high-dimensional pattern classification tasks such as face recognition. In this paper, we introduce a new kernel discriminant learning method, which is able to effectively address the two problems by using regularization and subspace decomposition techniques. Experiments performed on real face databases indicate that the proposed method outperforms, in terms of classification accuracy, existing kernel methods, such as kernel principal component analysis and kernel linear discriminant analysis, at a significantly reduced computational cost.
7844670
A sparse support vector machine approach to region-based image categorization
Automatic image categorization using low-level features is a challenging research topic in computer vision. In this paper, we formulate the image categorization problem as a multiple-instance learning (MIL) problem by viewing an image as a bag of instances, each corresponding to a region obtained from image segmentation. We propose a new solution to the resulting MIL problem. Unlike many existing MIL approaches that rely on the diverse density framework, our approach performs an effective feature mapping through a chosen metric distance function. Thus the MIL problem becomes solvable by a regular classification algorithm. Sparse SVM is adopted to dramatically reduce the regions that are needed to classify images. The selected regions by a sparse SVM approximate to the target concepts in the traditional diverse density framework. The proposed approach is a lot more efficient in computation and less sensitive to the class label uncertainty. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
9192804
Efficient and robust streaming provisioning in VPNs
Today, most large companies maintain virtual private networks (VPNs) to connect their remote locations into a single secure network. VPNs can be quite large covering more than 1000 locations and in most cases use standard Internet protocols and services. Such VPNs are implemented using a diverse set of technologies such as Frame Relay, MPLS, or IPSEC to achieve the goal of privacy and performance isolation from the public Internet.Using VPNs to distribute live content has recently received tremendous interest. For example, a VPN could be used to broadcast a CEO-employee town hall meeting. To distribute this type of content economically without overloading the network, the deployment of streaming caches or splitters is most likely required.In this paper, we address the problem of optimally placing such streaming splitters or caches to broadcast to a given set of VPN endpoints under the constraints typically found within a VPN. In particular, we introduce an efficient algorithm with complexity O(V), V being the number of routers in the VPN. This guarantees the optimal cache placement if interception is used for redirection. We prove that the general problem is NP-hard and introduce multiple heuristics for efficient and robust cache placement suitable under different constraints. At the expense of increased implementation complexity, each heuristic solution provides additional saving in the number of caches required. We evaluate proposed solutions using extensive simulations. In particular, we show our flow-based solution is very close to the optimal.
550060
Automatic categorization of figures in scientific documents
Figures are very important non-textual information contained in scientific documents. Current digital libraries do not provide users tools to retrieve documents based on the information available within the figures. We propose architecture for retrieving documents by integrating figures and other information. The initial step in enabling integrated document search is to categorize figures into a set of pre-defined types. We propose several categories of figures based on their functionalities in scholarly articles. We have developed a machine-learning-based approach for automatic categorization of figures. Both global features, such as texture, and part features, such as lines, are utilized in the architecture for discriminating among figure categories. The proposed approach has been evaluated on a testbed document set collected from the CiteSeer scientific literature digital library. Experimental evaluation has demonstrated that our algorithms can produce acceptable results for real- world use. Our tools can be integrated into a scientific-document digital library
53249335
Modeling and rendering of quasi-homogeneous materials
Many translucent materials consist of evenly-distributed heterogeneous elements which produce a complex appearance under different lighting and viewing directions. For these quasi-homogeneous materials, existing techniques do not address how to acquire their material representations from physical samples in a way that allows arbitrary geometry models to be rendered with these materials. We propose a model for such materials that can be readily acquired from physical samples. This material model can be applied to geometric models of arbitrary shapes, and the resulting objects can be efficiently rendered without expensive subsurface light transport simulation. In developing a material model with these attributes, we capitalize on a key observation about the subsurface scattering characteristics of quasi-homogeneous materials at different scales. Locally, the non-uniformity of these materials leads to inhomogeneous subsurface scattering. For subsurface scattering on a global scale, we show that a lengthy photon path through an even distribution of heterogeneous elements statistically resembles scattering in a homogeneous medium. This observation allows us to represent and measure the global light transport within quasi-homogeneous materials as well as the transfer of light into and out of a material volume through surface mesostructures. We demonstrate our technique with results for several challenging materials that exhibit sophisticated appearance features such as transmission of back illumination through surface mesostructures.