15032284
The language of Einstein spoken by optical instruments
The mathematics of Lorentz transformations, called the Lorentz group, continues to play an important role in optical sciences. It is the basic mathematical language for coherent and squeezed states. It is noted that the six-parameter Lorentz group can be represented by two-by-two matrices. Since the beam transfer matrices in ray optics are largely based on two-by-two matrices or ABCD matrices, the Lorentz group is bound to be the basic language for ray optics, including polarization optics, interferometers, lens optics, multilayer optics, and the Poincaré sphere. Because the group of Lorentz transformations and ray optics are based on the same two-by-two matrix formalism, ray optics can perform mathematical operations that correspond to transformations in special relativity. It is shown, in particular, that one-lens optics provides a mathematical basis for unifying the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles in the Lorentz-covariant world.
668406
Quantization of electromagnetic fields in a circular cylindrical cavity
We present a quantization procedure for the electromagnetic field in a circular cylindrical cavity with perfectly conducting walls, which is based on the decomposition of the field. A new decomposition procedure is proposed; all vector mode functions satisfying the boundary conditions are obtained with the help of this decomposition. After expanding the quantized field in terms of the vector mode functions, it is possible to derive the Hamiltonian for this quantized system.
1673726
Symmetries Shared by the Poincaré Group and the Poincaré Sphere
Henri Poincare formulated the mathematics of Lorentz transformations, known as the Poincare group. He also formulated the Poincare sphere for polarization optics. It is shown that these two mathematical instruments can be derived from the two-by-two representations of the Lorentz group. Wigner’s little groups for internal space-time symmetries are studied in detail. While the particle mass is a Lorentz-invariant quantity, it is shown to be possible to address its variations in terms of the decoherence mechanism in polarization optics.
14939249
Coupled Harmonic Oscillators and Feynman's Rest of the Universe
According to Feynman, the universe consists of two parts - the system in which we are interested and the rest of the universe which our measurement process does not reach. Feynman then formulates the density matrix in terms of the observable world and the rest of the universe. It is shown that coupled harmonic oscillators can serve as an illustrative example for Feynman's ``rest of the universe.'' It is pointed out that this simple example has far-reaching consequences in many branches of physics, including statistical mechanics, measurement theory, information theory, thermo-field dynamics, quantum optics, and relativistic quantum mechanics. It is shown that our ignorance of the rest of the universe increases the uncertainty and entropy in the system in which we are interested.
73571003
Time separation as a hidden variable to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics
The Bohr radius is a space‐like separation between the proton and electron in the hydrogen atom. According to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics, the proton is sitting in the absolute Lorentz frame. If this hydrogen atom is observed from a different Lorentz frame, there is a time‐like separation linearly mixed with the Bohr radius. Indeed, the time‐separation is one of the essential variables in high‐energy hadronic physics where the hadron is a bound state of the quarks, while thoroughly hidden in the present form of quantum mechanics. It will be concluded that this variable is hidden in Feynman’s rest of the universe. It is noted first that Feynman’s Lorentz‐invariant differential equation for the bound‐state quarks has a set of solutions which describe all essential features of hadronic physics. These solutions explicitly depend on the time separation between the quarks. This set also forms the mathematical basis for two‐mode squeezed states in quantum optics, where both photons are observable,...
1320799
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions in polarization optics.
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions are manifestations of the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles, respectively. It is shown to be possible to produce combinations of optical filters which exhibit transformations corresponding to Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions. This is possible because the combined effects of rotation, phase-shift, and attenuation filters lead to transformation matrices of the six-parameter Lorentz group applicable to Jones vectors and Stokes parameters for polarized light waves. The symmetry transformations in special relativity lead to a set of experiments which can be performed in optics laboratories.
9733106
Microlensing Detections of Planets in Binary Stellar Systems
We demonstrate that microlensing can be used for detecting planets in binary stellar systems. This is possible because in the geometry of planetary binary systems, in which the planet orbits one of the binary components and the other binary star is located at a large distance, both planet and secondary companion produce perturbations in a common region around the planet-hosting binary star, and thus the signatures of both planet and binary companion can be detected in the light curves of high-magnification lensing events. We find that identifying planets in binary systems is optimized when the secondary is located within a certain range that depends on the type of the planet. The proposed method can detect planets with masses down to one-tenth of the Jupiter mass in binaries with separations 100 AU. These ranges of planet masses and binary separations are not covered by other methods, and thus microlensing would be able to make the planetary binary sample richer.
14653529
Vector susceptibility and chiral phase transition in AdS/QCD Models
We calculated the vector susceptibilitiy in holographic QCD models to study QCD chiral/deconfinemnt phase transition. We found that the vector susceptibility obtained in this work agrees with the results from various model calculations and lattice QCD. Just above Tc χV from QCD calculations [12, 17, 18] saturate to the value of the free-quark gas faster than what we obtain in this work. We also discuss the chiral phase transitions in AdS/QCD models.
122988282
A method of closed orbit correction under constraint conditions
We have developed the correction algorithm of the closed orbit distortion (COD) under the constraint condition where beam positions at particular points are not changed. The new algorithm is based on the modified PSINOM algorithm including the regularization process in order to avoid the inversion problem of the ill-posed response matrices. We have confirmed that the COD is well corrected with no orbit leak in the simulation and is in good agreement with the experiment.
16754660
DEVELOPMENT OF THE SIMULATOR FOR THE GLOBAL ORBIT FEEDBACK SYSTEM USING EPICS
We have carried out the basic research for the accelerator and tokamak control system based on the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS). We have used the process database and the state notation language (SNL) in the EPICS to develop the simulator which represents as a virtual machine. In this paper, we introduce the simulator of the global orbit feedback system as an example. This simulates the global orbit feedback system under the constraint conditions for Pohang Light Source (PLS) storage ring. We describe the details of the feedback algorithm and the realization of the simulator.
117312086
Search for fast particles produced at large lab angles at NAL
An experiment is proposed to look for charged particles emitted at large lab angles that are normally forbidden kinematically. These particles if found would correspond to hitherto unobserved events such as the production of particles with imaginary mass values (''tachyons''). Also, they wish to look for fractionally-charged particles produced at these angles. These particles, if found, would correspond to strongly-bound quark-quark states formed in a dissociation of the target nucleon. The detection system will consist of wire-chambers, dE/dx and time-of-flight counters. The basic hardware is under construction and the final system will be ready for test runs at a lower-energy machine in six months. The detection telescope will view interactions of the primary proton beam from backward (in lab) directions and the first choice experimental site is the straight section B with a thin internal target. They would like to use the highest available beam at NAL and since the beam transport and intensity requirements are very minimal, they will be able to run parasitically during the tuning periods of the NAL machine in the next year. The machine time required for this experiment is about three months.