14600812
Implementation and Analysis of Several Keyframe-Based Browsing Interfaces to Digital Video
In this paper we present a variety of browsing interfaces for digital video information. The six interfaces are implemented on top of Fischlar, an operational recording, indexing, browsing and playback system for broadcast TV programmes. In developing the six browsing interfaces, we have been informed by the various dimensions which can be used to distinguish one interface from another. For this we include layeredness (the number of "layers" of abstraction which can be used in browsing a programme), the provision or omission of temporal information (varying from full timestamp information to nothing at all on time) and visualisation of spatial vs. temporal aspects of the video. After introducing and defining these dimensions we then locate some common browsing interfaces from the literature in this 3-dimensional "space" and then we locate our own six interfaces in this same space. We then present an outline of the interfaces and include some user feedback.
6879205
Mobile access to personal digital photograph archives
Handheld computing devices are becoming highly connected devices with high capacity storage. This has resulted in their being able to support storage of, and access to, personal photo archives. However the only means for mobile device users to browse such archives is typically a simple one-by-one scroll through image thumbnails in the order that they were taken, or by manually organising them based on folders. In this paper we describe a system for context-based browsing of personal digital photo archives. Photos are labeled with the GPS location and time they are taken and this is used to derive other context-based metadata such as weather conditions and daylight conditions. We present our prototype system for mobile digital photo retrieval, and an experimental evaluation illustrating the utility of location information for effective personal photo retrieval.
13486652
A System for Event-Based Film Browsing
The recent past has seen a proliferation in the amount of digital video content being created and consumed. This is perhaps being driven by the increase in audiovisual quality, as well as the ease with which production, reproduction and consumption is now possible. The widespread use of digital video, as opposed its analogue counterpart, has opened up a plethora of previously impossible applications. This paper builds upon previous work that analysed digital video, namely movies, in order to facilitate presentation in an easily navigable manner. A film browsing interface, termed the MovieBrowser, is described, which allows users to easily locate specific portions of movies, as well as to obtain an understanding of the filming being perused. A number of experiments which assess the system's performance are also presented.
5988668
Using text search for personal photo collections with the MediAssist system
The MediAssist system enables organisation and searching of personal digital photo collections based on contextual information, content-based analysis and semi-automatic annotation. One mode of user interaction uses automatically extracted features to create text surrogates for photos, which enables text search of photo collections without manual annotation. Our evaluation shows that this text search facility is effective for known-item search.
15989010
Interactive Object-Based Retrieval Using Relevance Feedback
In this paper we present an interactive, object-based video retrieval system which features a novel query formulation method that is used to iteratively refine an underlying model of the search object. As the user continues query composition and browsing of retrieval results, the system’s object modeling process, based on Gaussian probability distributions, becomes incrementally more accurate, leading to better search results. To make the interactive process understandable and easy to use, a custom user-interface has been designed and implemented that allows the user to interact with segmented objects in formulating a query, in browsing a search result, and in re-formulating a query by selecting an object in the search result.
15518000
MediAssist: Using Content-Based Analysis and Context to Manage Personal Photo Collections
We present work which organises personal digital photo collections based on contextual information, such as time and location, combined with content-based analysis such as face detection and other feature detectors. The MediAssist demonstration system illustrates the results of our research into digital photo management, showing how a combination of automatically extracted context and content-based information, together with user annotation, facilitates efficient searching of personal photo collections.
9287561
A Noninformative Prior for Neural Networks
While many implementations of Bayesian neural networks use large, complex hierarchical priors, in much of modern Bayesian statistics, noninformative (flat) priors are very common. This paper introduces a noninformative prior for feed-forward neural networks, describing several theoretical and practical advantages of this approach. In particular, a simpler prior allows for a simpler Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Details of MCMC implementation are included.
5285655
BIT: A Tool for Instrumenting Java Bytecodes
BIT (Bytecode Instrumenting Tool) is a collection of Java classes that allow one to build customized tools to instrument Java Virtual Machine (JVM) bytecodes. Because understanding program behavior is an essential part of developing effective optimization algorithms, researchers and software developers have built numerous tools that carry out program analysis. Although there are existing tools that analyze and modify executables on a variety of operating systems and machine architectures, there currently is no framework for carrying out the same task for JVM bytecodes. In this paper, we describe BIT, which allows the user to insert calls to analysis methods anywhere in the bytecode, so that information can be extracted from the user program while it is being executed. In this paper, we describe several simple tools built using BIT and also report on BIT's performance. We found that the overhead for the execution speed and size were between 23% to 150%.
5865107
Design and implementation of a reusable software tool with application
This paper describes the design and implementation of a software tool that can be reused for an empirical validation experiment of several commonly used software metrics in object-oriented environments. A detailed description of the steps of the potential validation experiment is provided. An overview of the software metrics considered and the required implementation of the test data to be used in the proposed experiment are also presented.
42364168
An Algorithm for Incremental Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Data Spaces
The SPY-TEC (Spherical Pyramid-Technique) [8] was proposed as a new indexing method for high-dimensional data spaces using a special partitioning strategy that divides a d-dimensional data space into 2d spherical pyramids. Although the authors of [8] proposed an efficient algorithm for processing hyperspherical range queries, they did not propose an algorithm for processing k-nearest neighbor queries that are frequently used in similarity search. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for processing exact nearest neighbor queries on the SPY-TEC by extending the incremental nearest neighbor algorithm proposed in [10]. We also introduce a metric that can be used to guide an ordered best-first traversal when finding nearest neighbors on the SPYTEC. Finally, we show that our technique significantly outperforms the related techniques in processing k-nearest neighbor queries by comparing it to the R*-tree, the X-tree, and the sequential scan through extensive experiments.
7431488
An HMM-Based Threshold Model Approach for Gesture Recognition
A new method is developed using the hidden Markov model (HMM) based technique. To handle nongesture patterns, we introduce the concept of a threshold model that calculates the likelihood threshold of an input pattern and provides a confirmation mechanism for the provisionally matched gesture patterns. The threshold model is a weak model for all trained gestures in the sense that its likelihood is smaller than that of the dedicated gesture model for a given gesture. Consequently, the likelihood can be used as an adaptive threshold for selecting proper gesture model. It has, however, a large number of states and needs to be reduced because the threshold model is constructed by collecting the states of all gesture models in the system. To overcome this problem, the states with similar probability distributions are merged, utilizing the relative entropy measure. Experimental results show that the proposed method can successfully extract trained gestures from continuous hand motion with 93.14% reliability.