2969941
SmartNotes: Implicit Labeling of Meeting Data through User Note-Taking and Browsing
We have implemented SmartNotes, a system that automatically acquires labeled meeting data as users take notes during meetings and browse the notes afterwards. Such data can enable meeting understanding components such as topic and action item detectors to automatically improve their performance over a sequence of meetings. The SmartNotes system consists of a laptop based note taking application, and a web based note retrieval system. We shall demonstrate the functionalities of this system, and will also demonstrate the labeled data obtained during typical meetings and browsing sessions.
11158
SenseRelate: : TargetWord-A Generalized Framework for Word Sense Disambiguation
Many words in natural language have different meanings when used in different contexts. Sense Relate: Target Word is a Perl package that disambiguates a target word in context by finding the sense that is most related to its neighbors according to a WordNet: Similarity measure of relatedness.
40585807
Using Measures of Semantic Relatedness for Word Sense Disambiguation
This paper generalizes the Adapted Lesk Algorithm of Banerjee and Pedersen (2002) to a method of word sense disambiguation based on semantic relatedness. This is possible since Lesk's original algorithm (1986) is based on gloss overlaps which can be viewed as a measure of semantic relatedness. We evaluate a variety of measures of semantic relatedness when applied to word sense disambiguation by carrying out experiments using the English lexical sample data of SENSEVAL-2. We find that the gloss overlaps of Adapted Lesk and the semantic distance measure of Jiang and Conrath (1997) result in the highest accuracy.
56684730
Extended Gloss Overlaps as a Measure of Semantic Relatedness
This paper presents a new measure of semantic relatedness between concepts that is based on the number of shared words (overlaps) in their definitions (glosses). This measure is unique in that it extends the glosses of the concepts under consideration to include the glosses of other concepts to which they are related according to a given concept hierarchy. We show that this new measure reasonably correlates to human judgments. We introduce a new method of word sense disambiguation based on extended gloss overlaps, and demonstrate that it fares well on the SENSEVAL-2 lexical sample data.
206616812
The Design, Implementation, and Use of the Ngram Statistics Package
The Ngram Statistics Package (NSP) is a flexible and easy-to-use software tool that supports the identification and analysis of Ngrams, sequences of N tokens in online text. We have designed and implemented NSP to be easy to customize to particular problems and yet remain general enough to serve a broad range of needs. This paper provides an introduction to NSP while raising some general issues in Ngram analysis, and summarizes several applications where NSP has been successfully employed. NSP is written in Perl and is freely available under the GNU Public License.
16229600
Packet dropping policies for ATM and IP networks
Selective packet dropping policies have been used to reduce congestion and transmission of traffic that would inevitably be retransmitted. For data applications using best-effort services, packet dropping policies (PDPs) are congestion management mechanisms implemented at each intermediate node that decide, reactively or proactively, to drop packets to reduce congestion and free up precious buffer space. While the primary goal of PDPs is to avoid or combat congestion, the individual PDP designs can significantly affect application throughput, network utilization, performance fairness, and synchronization problems with multiple transmission control protocol (TCP) connections. Scalability and simplicity are also important design issues. This article surveys the most important selective packet dropping policies that have been designed for best-effort traffic in ATM and IP networks, providing a comprehensive comparison between the different mechanisms.
2109931
MobiStream: Error-Resilient Video Streaming in Wireless WANs Using Virtual Channels
We present MobiStream— a video streaming system that exploits the perceptual value in the video content and the characteristics of link layer and physical layer channels to enable error-resilient video streaming over wireless wide-area networks (WWANs). The key building block in MobiStream is the use of link layer based, but application-controlled, virtual channels (ViCs) abstraction. Each virtual channel in MobiStream offers a different level of reliability and statistical loss gaurantee using ‘awareness’ of the link layer and physical layer channels. Video applications can dynamically instantiate new virtual channels, control their loss behavior, and/or flexibly switch video transmission across channels. MobiStream achieves fine-grained error-resilience by partitioning video frames into number of small, independently decodable, blocks of data (called ‘slices’) and assigns priority to each such individual slice based on its perceptual (visual) usefulness. MobiStream augments a number of other enhancements for errorresilience: multiple description video coding, perceptual slicestructured coding, low-delay inter-frame and intra-frame slice interleaving, dynamic unequal error protection, and priority-based video-data scheduling to enable efficient and error-resilient video streaming over wireless wide-area links. MobiStream has been implemented and evaluated using loss distributions from tests conducted over a commercial wide-area wireless (CDMA2000 3G) network. Results show that, MobiStream, in the face of burst packet losses can improve video picture quality by at least 4 dB. We conclude that significant benefits to end-user experience can be obtained by deploying such a video streaming system.
2626768
MAR: a commuter router infrastructure for the mobile Internet
We introduce MAR, a commuter mobile access router infrastructure that exploits wireless diversity (e.g. channel diversity, network diversity, and technology diversity) to provide improved data performance for wireless data users. Our system design stems from the observation that rather than choosing a single wireless service provider (e.g. Sprint, AT&T, BT, Vodafone), a single technology (e.g. GPRS, UMTS, CDMA, 802.11), or a single wireless channel, users can obtain significant benefits by using the multiplicity of choices available. MAR is a wireless multi-homed device that can be placed in moving vehicles (e.g. car, bus, train) to enable high-speed data access. MAR dynamically instantiates new channels based on traffic demand, aggregates the bandwidth and dynamically shifts load from poor quality to better quality channels. MAR, thus, provides a faster, more stable, and reliable communication channel to mobile users.We have implemented and tested the MAR system in our testbed which spans the networks of three different cellular providers. Through our experiments we have performed a detailed evaluation to quantify the benefits of MAR for different protocols and applications. For example, even in highly mobile environments, MAR, on average, improves the end-user experience of web-browsing and streaming applications by a factor of 2.8 and 4.4 respectively. Our results show that significant benefits can be obtained by exploiting the diversity in coverage offered by many cellular operators, different technology networks (e.g. GPRS, CDMA), and diverse wireless channels.
30095382
Performance Analysis of Generalized Selective Packet Discarding Schemes
Selective packet discarding schemes have been mostly developed and analyzed in the context of ATM networks. However, similar schemes could be applied to non-ATM or more general networks. The analysis of selective packet discarding schemes in a general packet switching environment has been limited to the basic dropping schemes, i.e., Partial Packet Discard (PPD) and Early Packet Discard (EPD), and for only the single traffic source case. In this paper, we extend the mathematical analysis of PPD and EPD for multiple sources and include simulation results to verify the analytical results. Finally, to place the performance of the generalized EPD and PPD in the context of other packet dropping schemes, we also provide simulation results of the Drop from Front (DfF), and preemptive Partial Packet Discard (pPPD) schemes.
276932
MoB: a mobile bazaar for wide-area wireless services
We introduce MoB, an infrastructure for collaborative wide-area wireless data services. MoB proposes to change the current model of data services in the following fundamental ways: (1) it decouples infrastructure providers from services providers and enables fine-grained competition, (2) it allows service interactions on arbitrary timescales, and, (3) it promotes flexible composition of these fine-grained service interactions based on user and application needs.At the heart of MoB is an open market architecture in which mobile users can opportunistically trade various services with each other in a flexible manner. In this paper we first describe the overall architecture of MoB including various enablers like user reputation management, incentive management, and accounting services. We next present our experience from both simulations as well as our prototype implementation of MoB in enhancing application performance in multiple different scenarios --- file transfers, web browsing, media streaming, and location-enhanced services.