118546402
Line Profiles of Intermediate Redshift Type Ia Supernovae
We present the temporal evolution of line profiles ranging from near ultraviolet to optical wavelengths by analyzing 59 Subaru telescope spectra of normal Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia) in the intermediate redshift range (0.05 < z < 0.4) discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) Supernova Survey. We derive line velocities, peak wavelengths and pseudo-equivalent widths (pEWs) of these lines. Additionally, we compare the line profiles around the date of maximum brightness with those from their nearby counterparts. We find that line profiles represented by their velocities and pEWs for intermediate redshift SNe Ia are consistent with their nearby counterparts within 2 $\sigma$. These findings support the picture that SNe Ia are a "standard" candle for the intermediate redshift range as has been shown between SNe Ia at nearby and high redshifts. There is a hint that the "MgII \lambda 4300" pEW distribution for intermediate redshift SNe Ia is larger than for the nearby sample, which could be interpreted as a difference in the progenitor abundance.
7368712
SDSS J1029+2623: A Gravitationally Lensed Quasar with an Image Separation of 22.5 Arcseconds
The authors report the discovery of a cluster-scale lensed quasar, SDSS J1029+2623, selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The lens system exhibits two lensed images of a quasar at z{sub s} = 2.197. The image separation of 22.5 makes it the largest separation lensed quasar discovered to date. The similarity of the optical spectra and the radio loudnesses of the two components support the lensing hypothesis. Images of the field show a cluster of galaxies at z{sub l} {approx} 0.55 that is responsible for the large image separation. The lensed images and the cluster light center are not collinear, which implies that the lensing cluster has a complex structure.
116998818
Circular Statistical Tests for Angular Distributions of Neutrino Burst from SN 1987A and Solar Neutrinos
44348672
Type II-P supernovae from the SDSS-II supernova survey and the standardized candle method
We apply the Standardized Candle Method (SCM) for Type II Plateau supernovae (SNe II-P), which relates the velocity of the ejecta of a SN to its luminosity during the plateau, to 15 SNe II-P discovered over the three season run of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey. The redshifts of these SNe—0.027 0.01) as all of the current literature on the SCM combined. We find that the SDSS SNe have a very small intrinsic I-band dispersion (0.22 mag), which can be attributed to selection effects. When the SCM is applied to the combined SDSS-plus-literature set of SNe II-P, the dispersion increases to 0.29 mag, larger than the scatter for either set of SNe separately. We show that the standardization cannot be further improved by eliminating SNe with positive plateau decline rates, as proposed in Poznanski et al. We thoroughly examine all potential systematic effects and conclude that for the SCM to be useful for cosmology, the methods currently used to determine the Fe II velocity at day 50 must be improved, and spectral templates able to encompass the intrinsic variations of Type II-P SNe will be needed.
119248886
Subaru Spectroscopy of SDSS-II Supernovae
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey II (SDSS-II) Supernova Survey discovered Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in an almost unexplored intermediate redshift range of $0.05 < z < 0.4$ and provided densely sampled multi-color light curves for SN candidates. Followup spectroscopy of this survey was carried out with the Subaru telescope and spectra of 71 SN Ia candidates were obtained. One spectrum was observed per candidate except for a peculiar variable. This paper presents the method for processing these spectra. The observed wavelength ranges of our spectra are 4000 to 9000 {\AA} for Year 2005 and 3600 to 9000 {\AA} for Year 2006. Most SN Ia spectra have signal to noise ratios (S/N) between 4 and 10 per 2 {\AA} averaged over the entire wavelength region. We developed a new code to extract the SN spectral component from spectra contaminated by the host galaxy. Of 71 SN Ia candidates, 59 are identified as normal SNe Ia and 3 are peculiar SNe Ia. The range of spectral phases varies from -7 days to +30 days from maximum brightness. There are also 7 SNe II, 1 possible hypernova and 1 AGN.
118613340
Non-Abelian Vortices in SO(N) and USp(N) Gauge Theories
Non-Abelian BPS vortices in SO(N) x U(1) and USp(2N) x U(1) gauge theories 
are constructed in maximally color-flavor locked vacua. We study in detail 
their moduli and transformation properties under the exact symmetry of the 
system. Our results generalize non-trivially those found earlier in 
supersymmetric U(N) gauge theories. The structure of the moduli spaces turns 
out in fact to be considerably richer here than what was found in the U(N) 
theories. We find that vortices are generally of the semi-local type, with 
power-like tails of profile functions.
9790845
Revival of non-Abelian monopoles and confinement in QCD
Central role played by certain non-Abelian monopoles (of 
Goddard-Nuyts-Olive-Weinberg type) in the infrared dynamics in many confining 
vacua of softly broken ${\cal N}=2$ supersymmetric gauge theories, has recently 
been clarified. We discuss here the main lessons to be learned from these 
studies for the confinement nechanism in QCD.
18159230
CP, charge fractionalizations and low-energy effective actions in the SU(2) Seiberg-Witten theories with quarks
Abstract Several dynamical aspects of the SU (2) Seiberg-Witten models with N f quark hypermultiplets are explored. We first clarify the meaning of the number of the singularities of the space of vacua. CP properties of the theories are then studied and periodicity of theories in θ with and without bare quark masses is obtained ((4- N f ) π and π respectively). CP noninvariance at a generic point of QMS manifests itself as the electric and quark-number charge fractionalizations for the dyons; we show that the exact Seiberg-Witten solution contains such effects correctly, in agreement with the semiclassical analysis recently made by F. Ferrari. Upon N = 1 perturbation the low-energy effective theories at the singularities display confinement, and in most cases chiral symmetry breaking as a consequence. In one of the vacua for N f = 3 confinement is not accompanied by chiral symmetry breaking: we interpret it as an example of oblique confinement of 't Hooft. We discuss further the consistency of the physical picture found here by studying the effects of soft supersymmetry breaking as well as the behavior of the theory in the N = 1 limit.
34436586
Vortex zero modes, large flux limit and Ambjørn-Nielsen-Olesen magnetic instabilities
A bstractIn the large flux limit vortices become flux tubes with almost constant magnetic field in the interior region. This occurs in the case of non-Abelian vortices as well, and the study of such configurations allows us to reveal a close relationship between vortex zero modes and the gyromagnetic instabilities of vector bosons in a strong background magnetic field discovered by Nielsen, Olesen and Ambjørn. The BPS vortices are exactly at the onset of this instability, and the dimension of their moduli space is precisely reproduced in this way. We present a unifying picture in which, through the study of the linear spectrum of scalars, fermions and W bosons in the magnetic field background, the expected number of translational, orientational, fermionic as well as semilocal zero modes is correctly reproduced in all cases.
122228895
On the short distance behavior of string theories
Short distance behavior of string theories is investigated by the use of the discretized path-integral formulation. In particular, the minimum physical length and the generalized uncertainty relation are re-derived from a set of Ward–Takahashi identities. Several issues related to the form of the generalized uncertainty relation and to its implications are discussed. A consistent qualitative picture of short distance behavior of string theory seems to emerge from such a study.