31021
Standard Model and SU(5) GUT with Local Scale Invariance and the Weylon
Weyl’s scale invariance is introduced as an additional local symmetry in the standard model of electroweak interactions. An inevitable consequence is the introduction of general relativity coupled to scalar fields a la Dirac and an additional vector particle we call the Weylon. Once Weyl’s scale invariance is broken, the phenomenon (a) generates Newton’s gravitational constant GN and (b) triggers the conventional spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism that results in masses for all the fermions and bosons. The scale at which Weyl’s scale symmetry breaks is of order Planck mass. If right‐handed neutrinos are also introduced, their absence at present energy scales is attributed to their mass which is tied to the scale where scale invariance breaks. Some implications of these ideas are noted in grand unification based on the gauge symmetry SU(5).
15764227
Noncommutative self-dual supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory
Abstract We formulate noncommutative self-dual N =4 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory in D =2+2 dimensions. As in the corresponding commutative case, this theory can serve as the possible master theory of all the noncommutative supersymmetric integrable models in lower dimensions. As a by-product, noncommutative self-dual N =2 supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory is obtained in D =2+2. We also perform a dimensional reduction of the N =2 theory further into N =(2,2) in D =1+1, as a basis for more general future applications. As a typical example, we show how noncommutative integrable matrix N =(1,0) supersymmetric KdV equations in D =1+1 arise from this theory, via the Yang–Mills gauge groups GL(n, R ) or SL(2n, R ) .
17968925
N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills multiplet in nonadjoint representations
We formulate a theory for an N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills multiplet in a nonadjoint representation R of SO(N), as an important application of our recently proposed model for N=1 supersymmetry. This system is obtained by dimensional reduction from an N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills multiplet in a nonadjoint representation in ten dimensions. The consistency with supersymmetry requires that a nonadjoint representation R with the indices i,j,... satisfy the three conditions {eta}{sup ij}={delta}{sup ij}, (T{sup I}){sup ij}=-(T{sup I}){sup ji}, and (T{sup I}){sup [ij|}(T{sup I}){sup |k]l}=0 for the metric {eta}{sup ij} and the generators T{sup I}, which are the same as the N=1 case.
119355316
SUPER-LAX OPERATOR EMBEDDED IN SELF-DUAL SUPERSYMMETRIC YANG-MILLS THEORY
We show that the super-Lax operator for N=1 supersymmetric Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (SKP) equation of Manin and Radul in three dimensions can be embedded into recently developed self-dual supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in 2+2 dimensions, based on general features of its underlying super-Lax equation. The whole hierarchy of the SKP equations of Manin and Radul is generated by geometrical superfield equations of self-dual supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. The differential geometrical relationship in superspace between the embedding principle of the super-Lax operator and its associated super-Sato equation is clarified. This result provides a good guiding principle for the embedding of other integrable subsystems in the super-Lax equation into the four-dimensional self-dual supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, which is the consistent background for N=2 superstring theory, and potentially generates other unknown supersymmetric integrable models in lower dimensions.
16501786
N=2 superstring theory generates supersymmetric Chern-Simons theories
We show that the action of self-dual supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four dimensions, which describes the consistent massless background fields for N=2 superstring, generates the actions for N=1 and N=2 supersymmetric non-Abelian Chern-Simons theories in three dimensions after some dimensional reductions. Since the latters play important roles for supersymmetric integrable models, this result indicates the fundamental significance of the N=2 superstring theory controlling (possibly all) supersymmetric integrable models in lower dimensions.
121001231
Search for N = 2 supersymmetry in e+ e− annihilation
Abstract We argue that an observation of e + e − → γ + missing energy in the longitudinally polarized e + e − beam with the total helicity zero will be a signal for N = 2 supersymmetry. In a certain range of parameters, the above process can be interpreted as e R + e R − (or e L + e L − ) → γ + two unobserved paraphotini (with σ tot ⪅ 10 −2 pb), along with the assumption about the conservation of mirror parity ( M ) and that the paraphotino is the lightest M -odd particle. The observation cannot be understood within the minimal SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) theory whether it is N = 1 supersymmetric or not.
118598825
A measurement of the cosmic microwave background B-mode polarization power spectrum at sub-degree scales with POLARBEAR
We report a measurement of the B-mode polarization power spectrum in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using the POLARBEAR experiment in Chile. The faint B-mode polarization signature carries information about the universe's entire history of gravitational structure formation, and the cosmic inflation that may have occurred in the very early universe. Our measurement covers the angular multipole range 500 < ? < 2100 and is based on observations of an effective sky area of 25? with 3.'5 resolution at 150?GHz. On these angular scales, gravitational lensing of the CMB by intervening structure in the universe is expected to be the dominant source of B-mode polarization. Including both systematic and statistical uncertainties, the hypothesis of no B-mode polarization power from gravitational lensing is rejected at 97.2% confidence. The band powers are consistent with the standard cosmological model. Fitting a single lensing amplitude parameter ABB to the measured band powers, , where ABB = 1 is the fiducial WMAP-9 ?CDM value. In this expression, stat refers to the statistical uncertainty, sys to the systematic uncertainty associated with possible biases from the instrument and astrophysical foregrounds, and multi to the calibration uncertainties that have a multiplicative effect on the measured amplitude ABB .
21184459
Evidence for gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background polarization from cross-correlation with the cosmic infrared background.
We reconstruct the gravitational lensing convergence signal from cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization data taken by the Polarbear experiment and cross-correlate it with cosmic infrared background maps from the Herschel satellite. From the cross spectra, we obtain evidence for gravitational lensing of the CMB polarization at a statistical significance of 4.0σ and indication of the presence of a lensing B-mode signal at a significance of 2.3σ. We demonstrate that our results are not biased by instrumental and astrophysical systematic errors by performing null tests, checks with simulated and real data, and analytical calculations. This measurement of polarization lensing, made via the robust cross-correlation channel, not only reinforces POLARBEAR auto-correlation measurements, but also represents one of the early steps towards establishing CMB polarization lensing as a powerful new probe of cosmology and astrophysics.
25628512
Measurement of the cosmic microwave background polarization lensing power spectrum with the POLARBEAR experiment.
Gravitational lensing due to the large-scale distribution of matter in the cosmos distorts the primordial cosmic microwave background (CMB) and thereby induces new, small-scale B-mode polarization. This signal carries detailed information about the distribution of all the gravitating matter between the observer and CMB last scattering surface. We report the first direct evidence for polarization lensing based on purely CMB information, from using the four-point correlations of even- and odd-parity E- and B-mode polarization mapped over ∼30 square degrees of the sky measured by the POLARBEAR experiment. These data were analyzed using a blind analysis framework and checked for spurious systematic contamination using null tests and simulations. Evidence for the signal of polarization lensing and lensing B modes is found at 4.2σ (stat+sys) significance. The amplitude of matter fluctuations is measured with a precision of 27%, and is found to be consistent with the Lambda cold dark matter cosmological model. This measurement demonstrates a new technique, capable of mapping all gravitating matter in the Universe, sensitive to the sum of neutrino masses, and essential for cleaning the lensing B-mode signal in searches for primordial gravitational waves.
42639050
Development of New Front-End Electronics for Super-Kamiokande
Super-Kamiokande is a ring imaging water Cherenkov detector for astro-particle physics that consists of 50 kton pure water and about 13000 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). We are planning to upgrade all the front-end electronics in next year. By high speed signal processing electronics, we will record all the hits of all the PMTs without any hardware filtering, aiming observations of much fainter signals of the supernova relic neutrinos, lower energy (~3 MeV) solar neutrinos, neutrino burst from nearby galactic supernova, and so on. The energy resolutions of multi-GeV atmospheric neutrino events will also be improved by the electronics. The new front-end electronics is based on a charge to time converter (QTC) and a multi-hit TDC. TCP/IP based readout channel is implemented to handle large amounts of data. We have developed a custom ASIC QTC and evaluated the characteristics of the chip and the prototypical board; high-speed (1 MHz cycle), high sensitivity for single photo-electron signal, good charge (0.1 pC RMS) and timing (0.3 ns RMS) responses, and wide charge dynamic range (2500 pC). In this paper, the design and the performance of the front-end board are discribed.
118412548
Mission Design of LiteBIRD
LiteBIRD is a next-generation satellite mission to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. On large angular scales the B-mode polarization of the CMB carries the imprint of primordial gravitational waves, and its precise measurement would provide a powerful probe of the epoch of inflation. The goal of LiteBIRD is to achieve a measurement of the characterizing tensor to scalar ratio $$r$$r to an uncertainty of $$\delta r=0.001$$δr=0.001. In order to achieve this goal we will employ a kilo-pixel superconducting detector array on a cryogenically cooled sub-Kelvin focal plane with an optical system at a temperature of 4 K. We are currently considering two detector array options; transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers and microwave kinetic inductance detectors. In this paper we give an overview of LiteBIRD and describe a TES-based polarimeter designed to achieve the target sensitivity of 2 $$\upmu $$μK arcmin over the frequency range 50–320 GHz.