53650025
Heavy pseudoscalar leading-twist distribution amplitudes within QCD theory in background fields
In this paper, we study the leading-twist distribution amplitude (DA) of the heavy pseudoscalars (HPs), such as $$\eta _c$$ηc, $$\eta _b$$ηb, and $$B_c$$Bc, within the QCD theory in the background fields. New sum rules up to dimension-six condensates for both the HP decay constants and their leading-twist DA moments are presented. From the sum rules for the HP decay constants, we obtain $$f_{\eta _c} = 453 \pm 4\, \text {MeV}$$fηc=453±4MeV, $$f_{B_c} = 498 \pm 14 \,\text {MeV}$$fBc=498±14MeV, and $$f_{\eta _b} = 811 \pm 34 \,\text {MeV}$$fηb=811±34MeV. Based on the sum rules for the HPs’ leading-twist DA moments, we construct a new model for the $$\eta _c$$ηc, $$\eta _b$$ηb, and $$B_c$$Bc leading-twist DAs. Our present HP DA model is also adaptable for the light pseudoscalar DAs, such as the pion and kaon DAs. Thus, it shall be applicable for a wide range of QCD exclusive processes. As an application, we apply the $$\eta _c$$ηc leading-twist DA to calculate the $$B_c \rightarrow \eta _c$$Bc→ηc transition form factor $$f_+^{B_c \rightarrow \eta _c}(q^2)$$f+Bc→ηc(q2). At the maximum recoil region, we obtain $$f_+^{B_c \rightarrow \eta _c}(0) = 0.612^{+0.053}_{-0.052}$$f+Bc→ηc(0)=0.612-0.052+0.053. Furthermore we predict the branching ratio for the semi-leptonic decay $$B_c \rightarrow \eta _c l \nu $$Bc→ηclν and obtain $$\mathcal{B}(B_c \rightarrow \eta _c l \nu )=\left( 7.70^{+1.65}_{-1.48}\right) \times 10^{-3}$$B(Bc→ηclν)=7.70-1.48+1.65×10-3 for massless leptons, which is consistent with the light-cone sum rules estimation obtained in the literature.
119260697
Photoproduction of doubly heavy baryon at the ILC
A bstractIn the present paper, we make a detailed study on the doubly heavy baryon photoproduction in the future e+e− International Linear Collider (ILC). The baryons Ξcc, Ξbc, and Ξbb are produced via the channel γγ→ΞQQ′+Q¯′+Q¯$$ \gamma \gamma \to {\Xi}_{QQ\prime }+\overline{Q}^{\prime }+\overline{Q} $$, where Q and Q′ stand for heavy c or b quark, respectively. As for the ΞQQ′-baryon production, it shall first generate a (QQ′)[n]-diquark and then form the final baryon via fragmentation, where [n] stands for the color- and spin- configurations for the (QQ′)-diquark states. According to the non-relativistic QCD theory, four diquark configurations shall provide sizable contributions to the baryon production, e.g., [n] equals 3S13¯,1S06,3S16,or1S03¯$$ {\left[{}^3{S}_1\right]}_{\overline{3}},\;{\left[{}^1{S}_0\right]}_6,\;{\left[{}^3{S}_1\right]}_6,\;\mathrm{or}\kern0.37em {\left[{}^1{S}_0\right]}_{\overline{3}} $$, respectively. We adopt the improved helicity amplitude approach for the hard scattering amplitude to improve the calculation efficiency. Total and differential cross sections of those channels, as well as the theoretical uncertainties, are presented. We show that sizable amounts of baryon events can be generated at the ILC, i.e., about 2.0 × 106 Ξcc, 2.2 × 105 Ξbc, as well as 3.0 × 103 Ξbb events are to be generated in one operation year for S=500$$ \sqrt{S}=500 $$ GeV and ℒ ≃ 1036 cm−2s−1.
119268284
Uncertainties in estimating the indirect production of Bc and its excited states via top quark decays at CERN LHC
Abstract Main theoretical uncertainties in estimating the indirect production of ( b c ¯ ) -quarkonium ( B c − meson and its excited states) via top quark decays, t → ( b c ¯ ) + c + W + , are studied within the non-relativistic QCD framework. It is found that the dimensionless reduced decay width for a particular ( b c ¯ ) -quarkonium state, Γ ¯ n = Γ n / Γ t → W + + b , is very sensitive to the c -quark mass, while the uncertainties from the b -quark and t -quark masses are small, where n stands for the eight ( b c ¯ ) -quarkonium states up to O ( v 4 ) : | ( b c ¯ ) ( S 0 1 ) 1 〉 , | ( b c ¯ ) ( S 1 3 ) 1 〉 , | ( b c ¯ ) ( P 1 1 ) 1 〉 , | ( b c ¯ ) ( P J 3 ) 1 〉 (with J = ( 1 , 2 , 3 ) ), | ( b c ¯ ) ( S 0 1 ) 8 g 〉 and | ( b c ¯ ) ( S 1 3 ) 8 g 〉 respectively. About 10 8 t t ¯ -pairs shall be produced per year at CERN LHC, if adopting the assumption that all the higher Fock states decay to the ground state with 100% probability, then we shall have ( 1.038 −0.782 +1.353 ) × 10 5 B c − events per year. So the indirect production provides another important way to study the properties of B c − meson in comparison to that of the direct hadronic production at CERN LHC.
5502533
A trick to improve the efficiency of generating unweighted Bc events from BCVEGPY
In the present paper, we provide an addendum to improve the efficiency of generating unweighted events within PYTHIA environment for the generator BCVEGPY2.1 [C.H. Chang, J.X. Wang, X.G. Wu, Comput. Phys. Commun. 174 (2006) 241]. This trick is helpful for experimental simulation. Moreover, the BCVEGPY output has also been improved, i.e. one Les Houches Event common block has been added so as to generate a standard Les Houches Event file that contains the information of the generated Bc meson and the accompanying partons, which can be more conveniently used for further simulation.
28851116
GENXICC2.1: An improved version of GENXICC for hadronic production of doubly heavy baryons
We present an improved version of GENXICC, which is a generator for hadronic production of the doubly heavy baryons $\Xi_{cc}$, $\Xi_{bc}$ and $\Xi_{bb}$ and has been raised by C.H. Chang, J.X. Wang and X.G. Wu [Comput. Phys. Commun. 177 (2007) 467; Comput. Phys. Commun. 181 (2010) 1144]. In comparison with the previous GENXICC versions, we update the program in order to generate the unweighted baryon events more effectively under various simulation environments, whose distributions are now generated according to the probability proportional to the integrand. One Les Houches Event (LHE) common block has been added to produce a standard LHE data file that contains useful information of the doubly heavy baryon and its accompanying partons. Such LHE data can be conveniently imported into PYTHIA to do further hadronization and decay simulation, especially, the color-flow problem can be solved with PYTHIA8.0.
118560703
Application of the principle of maximum conformality to the top-quark forward-backward asymmetry at the Tevatron
¯p¯ FB at the Tevatron will be increased by 42% in comparison to the previous estimates obtained by using conventional scale setting; i.e. we obtain A t ¯PMC FB ≃ 12.5% and A p¯ p,PMC FB ≃ 8.28%. Moreover, we obtain A t ¯ t,PMC FB (Mt¯ > 450 GeV) ≃ 35.0%. These predictions have a 1�-deviation from the present CDF and D0 measurements; the large discrepancies of the top quark forward-backward asymmetry between the Standard Model estimate and the CDF and D0 data are thus greatly reduced.
16911559
Harmonic QPOs and Thick Accretion Disk Oscillations in BL Lac Object AO 0235 + 164
Periodic outbursts are observed in many AGNs and usually explained with a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) scenario. However, multiple periods are observed in some AGNs and cannot be explained with it. Here we analyze the periodicity of the radio light curves of AO 0235+164 at multi-frequencies and report the discovery of six QPOs in integer ratio 1:2:3:4:5:6 of QPO frequencies, of which the second with period P 2 = (5.46 ± 0.47) yr is the strongest. We fit the radio light curves and show that the initial phases of six QPOs have zero or π differences relative to each other. We suggest a harmonic relationship of QPOs. The centroid frequency, relative strength, harmonic relationship and relative initial phases of QPOs are independent of radio frequency. The harmonic QPOs are likely due to the quasi-periodic injection of plasma from an oscillating accretion disk into the jet. We estimate the supermassive black hole mass M BH ≃ (4.72 ± 2.04) × 10 8 M ⊙ and the accretion rate ˙ m ≃ 0.007. With the knowledge of accretion disk, it implies that the inner region of accretion disk of AO 0235+164 is a radiatively inefficient accretion flow. The oscillation accretion is due to the p-mode oscillation of the thick disk probably excited by a SMBHB. The theoretical predications of fundamental oscillation frequency and the harmonics are well consistent with the observations. Harmonic QPOs would be absent when the thick disk becomes geometrically thin due to the increase of accretion rate. We discuss the observations of AO 0235+164 basing on the SMBHB-thick disk oscillation scenario. – 2 –
13937852
Strong decays of heavy baryons in the Bethe-Salpeter formalism
In this paper we study the properties of diquarks (composed of u and/or d quarks) in the Bethe-Salpeter (BS) formalism under the covariant instantaneous approximation. We calculate their BS wave functions and study their effective interaction with the pion. Using the effective coupling constant among the diquarks and the pion, in the heavy quark limit m{sub Q}{yields}{infinity}, we calculate the decay widths of {sigma}{sub Q}{sup (*)} (Q=c, b) in the BS formalism under the covariant instantaneous approximation and then give predictions of the decay widths {gamma}({sigma}{sub b}{sup (*)}{yields}{lambda}{sub b}+{pi})
2829016
OPTICAL MONITORING OF BL LACERTAE OBJECT OJ 287: A 40 DAY PERIOD?
We present the results of our optical monitoring of the BL Lacertae object OJ 287 during the first half of 2005. The source did not show large-amplitude variations during this period and was in a relatively quiescent state. A possible period of 40 days was derived from its light curves in three BATC wave bands. A bluer-when-brighter chromatism was discovered, which is different from the extremely stable color during the outburst in 1994-1996. The different color behaviors imply different variation mechanisms in the two states. We then revisited the optical data on OJ 287 from the OJ-94 project and also found a probable period of 40 days in its optical variability during the late 1994 outburst. The results suggest that two components contribute to the variability of OJ 287 during its outburst state. The first component is the normal blazar variation. This component has an amplitude similar to that of the quiescent state and also may share a similar periodicity. The second component can be taken as a "low-frequency modulation" to the first component. It may be induced by the interaction of the assumed binary black holes in the center of this object. The 40 day period may be related to the helical structure of the magnetic field at the base of the jet or to the orbital motion close to the central primary black hole.
9257590
Black hole mass estimation using a relation between the BLR size and emission line luminosity of AGN
An empirical relation between the broad line region (BLR) size and optical continuum luminosity is often adopted to estimate the BLR size and then the black hole mass of AGNs. However, optical luminosity may not be a good indicator of photoionizing luminosity for extremely radio-loud AGNs because the jets usually contribute significantly to the optical continuum. Therefore, the black hole masses derived for blazar-type AGNs with this method are probably overestimated. Here we first derived a tight empirical relation between the BLR size and the H β  emission line luminosity, $R({\rm light-days})= 24.05(L_{{\rm H}_\beta}/10^{42}$ ergs s$^{-1})^{0.68}$, from a sample of 34 AGNs with the BLR size estimated with the reverberation mapping technique. Then we applied this relation to estimate the black hole masses of some AGNs and found that for many extremely radio-loud AGNs the black hole masses obtained with the $R-L_{\rm H_\beta}$ relation are systematically lower than those derived previously with the $R-L_{5100~{\rm \AA}}$ relation, while for radio-quiet and slightly radio-loud AGNs the results obtained with these two methods are almost the same. The difference of black hole masses estimated with these two relations increases with the radio-loudness for extremely radio-loud AGNs, which is consistent with the fact that their equivalent widths of the H$_{\beta}$ emission line become smaller at greater radio-loudness. If the small H$_{\beta}$ equivalent widths of extremely radio-loud  AGNs are indeed caused by the beaming effect, we argue that the optical emission line luminosity may be a better tracer of ionizing luminosity for blazar-type AGNs and the black hole masses derived with the $R-L_{{\rm H}_\beta}$ relation are probably more accurate.
5433221
A feedback compression star formation model and the black hole-bulge relations
We present a feedback compression model to describe galactic spheroid formation and its relation with the central nuclear activity. We suggest that the star formation itself can serve as the positive feedback in some extremely dense region to trigger the starburst. The star formation rate, as well as the related stellar feedback-induced turbulence, will be maximized under the regulation of the background dark halo's gravity. There is also stellar feedback acting inward to confine and obscure the central black hole (BH) until the BH grows sufficiently large to satisfy a balance condition between the accretion disk wind and the inward stellar feedback. The extremely vigorous star formation activity, the BH-bulge relations, the maximum velocity dispersion, and the maximum BH mass are investigated on the basis of such a scenario and are found to be consistent with observations.