123045249
The insertion of boundaries in world-sheets
Abstract This paper considers the operator that inserts a boundary in a string world-sheet on which the string coordinates satisfy either Neumann or constant Dirichlet boundary conditions. With an arbitrary open-string state attached to the boundary, this describes the vertex coupling an open string to a closed string (the “open-closed string vertex”). A boundary with no open strings attached can be viewed as a vacuum correction to closed-string theory. This factories into two open-closed string vertices joined together by an open-string propagator. BRST-invariant open-closed string vertices of the Neumann and Dirichlet theories are constructed in a “light-cone-like” frame (familiar from some formulations of covariant string field theory) as well as the “vertex operator” frame (in which a general open-string state is represented by a vertex operator attached to the world-sheet boundary). The vertices of the Neumann and Dirichlet theories are related to each other by space-time duality. The insertion of a closed Dirichlet boundary may be expressed in the light-cone-like gauge as an interaction vertex that acts at a fixed “time” and generates an explicit mass term connecting two arbitrary closed-string states. Some examples of how the presence of such boundaries modifies amplitudes for low-lying states are presented.
120539667
Anomaly cancellations in supersymmetric D = 10 gauge theory and superstring theory☆
Abstract Supersymmetric ten-dimensional Yang-Mills theory coupled to N = 1, D = 10 supergravity has gauge and gravitational anomalies that can be partially cancelled by the addition of suitable local interactions. The remaining pieces of all the anomalies cancel if the gauge group is SO(32) or E 8 × E 8 . These cancellations are automatically incorporated in the type I superstring theory based on SO(32). A superstring theory for E 8 × E 8 has not yet been constructed.
121755839
PHASE CONTOURS AND BOOTSTRAPS. I.
9607753
Anomalous creation of branes
In certain circumstances when two branes pass through each other a third brane is produced stretching between them. We explain this phenomenon by the use of chains of dualities and the inflow of charge that is required for the absence of chiral gauge anomalies when pairs of D-branes intersect.
121062482
N=4 Yang-Mills and N=8 Supergravity as Limits of String Theories
The formulation of supersymmetric string theories in ten dimensions is generalized to incorporate compactified dimensions. Expressions for the one-loop four-particle S -matrix elements of N = 4 Yang-Mills and N = 8 supergravity in four dimensions are obtained by studying the string-theory loop amplitudes in the limit that the radii of the compactified dimensions and the Regge slope parameter simultaneously approach zero. If certain patterns that emerge should persist in the higher orders of perturbation theory, then N = 4 Yang-Mills in four dimensions would be ultraviolet finite to all orders, whereas N = 8 supergravity in four dimensions would have ultraviolet divergences starting at three loops.
123230985
Off-shell states in the dual model
Abstract We present a class of Lorentz invariant, gauge invariant off-shell amplitudes for the ordinary Veneziano and Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz dual models. They correspond to interactions with the string which are local in space-time.
31163118
The Design Parameters for the MICE Tracker Solenoid
The first superconducting magnets to be installed in the union ionization cooling experiment (MICE) will be the tracker solenoids. The tracker solenoid module is a five coil superconducting solenoid with a 400 mm diameter warm bore that is used to provide a 4 T magnetic field for the experiment tracker module. Three of the coils are used to produce a uniform field (up to 4 T with better than 1 percent uniformity) in a region that is 300 mm in diameter and 1000 mm long. The other two coils are used to match the muon beam into the MICE cooling channel. Two 2.94-meter long superconducting tracker solenoid modules have been ordered for MICE. The tracker solenoid will be cooled using two-coolers that produce 1.5 W each at 4.2 K. The magnet system is described. The decisions that drive the magnet design will be discussed in this report.
122984815
THE OPERATION OF A FORCED TWO PHASE COOLING SYSTEM ON A LARGE SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNET
This paper describes the operation of a forced two phase cooling system on a two meter diameter superconducting solenoid. The magnet is a thin high current density superconducting solenoid which is cooled by forced two phase helium in tubes around the coil. The magnet, which is 2.18 meters in diameter and 3.4 meters long, has a cold mass of 1700 kg. The two phase cooling system contains less than 300 liters of liquid helium, most of which is contained in a control dewar. This paper describes the operating characteristics of the LBL two phase forced cooling system during cooldown and warm up. The paper presents experimental data on operations of the magnet using either a helium pump or the refrigerator compressor to circulate two phase helium through the superconducting coil cooling tubes.
122379741
The UCLA Phi Factory Detector, the Integration of Superconducting Compensation Solenoids and the Final Focus Interaction Region Quadrupoles
Abstract The proposed Phi Factory for the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) is a small 510 MeV electron-positron colliding beam storage ring with high luminosity (greater than 10 32 cm −2 s −1 ). In order to do high quality Phi physics, a particle detector system with a large solid angle (preferably greater than 98 percent) is required. Particle detection and analysis will be done within a 0.5 tesla solenoidal magnetic field. The solenoidal field within the detector causes coupling between beam oscillations in the horizontal and vertical directions. Therefore, compensation solenoids are required to keep the circulating particle beams from seeing the effects of the field from the main detector solenoid. Since high luminosity and a large solid angle are required, the detectors and a pair of compensation solenoids must be integrated with the final focus quadrupoles within the detector straight section. This report describes the design of two tapered, 0.5 tesla, superconducting compensation solenoids which must go around six rare earth permanent final focus quadrupoles or six superconducting quadrupoles on either side of the beam collision point. A cryogenic cooling system for these two solenoids, which will be coupled with the cooling system for the primary detector solenoid, is also described.
55567455
The design and construction of a gradient solenoid for the high powered RF cavity experiment for the muon collider
This report describes the construction and test of a split solenoid that has a warm bore of 440 mm and a cryostat length of 1088 mm. (A 750 mm section contains the magnetic field.) When the coils are hooked so the fields are additive, the central induction is 5.0 T at its design current. When the coils are hooked so that the fields are in opposition, the induction at the center of the solenoid is zero and the peak induction on the solenoid axis is {+-}3.7 T. The on-axis induction gradient is 25 T per meter when the coils are hooked in opposition. When the coils are operated at their design currents in opposition, the force pushing the two coils apart is about 3 MN. The force pushing the coils apart is carried by the aluminum coil mandrel and a solid aluminum sheath outside of the superconducting winding. The coil was wound as a wet lay-up coil using alumina filled epoxy (Stycast). A layer of hard aluminum wire wound on the outside of the superconducting coil carries some of the hoop forces and limits the strain so that training does not occur. At design current, at both polarities, the peakmore » induction in the windings is about 7 T. This report describes the solenoid magnet system and its construction.« less
21404619
The Cold Mass Support System and the Helium Cooling System for the MICE Focusing Solenoid
The heart of the absorber focus coil (AFC) module for the muon ionization cooling experiment (MICE) is the two-coil superconducting solenoid that surrounds the muon absorber. The superconducting magnet focuses the muons that are cooled using ionization cooling, in order to improve the efficiency of cooling. The coils of the magnet may either be run in the solenoid mode (both coils operate at the same polarity) or the gradient (the coils operate at opposite polarity). The AFC magnet cold mass support system is designed to carry a longitudinal force up to 700 kN. The AFC module will be cooled using three pulse tube coolers that produce 1.5 W of cooling at 4.2 K. One of the coolers will be used to cool the liquid (hydrogen or helium) absorber used for ionization cooling. The other two coolers will cool the superconducting solenoid. This report will describe the MICE AFC magnet. The cold mass supports will be discussed. The reasons for using a pulsed tube cooler to cool this superconducting magnet will also be discussed.