54968209
Loop quantum gravity and ultrahigh energy cosmic rays
it has been suggested that quantum-gravitational effects may be playing a decisive role in the propagation of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. In this article we take the loop quantum gravity approach. We shall provide some techniques to establish and analyze new constraints on the loop quantum gravity parameters arising from both sets of data, HiRes and AGASA. We shall also study their effects on the predicted spectrum for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays. As a result we will state the possibility of reconciling the AGASA observations.
15031265
On Newton's law in supersymmetric braneworld models
We study the propagation of gravitons within 5-D supersymmetric braneworld models with a bulk scalar field. The setup considered here consists of a 5-D bulk spacetime bounded by two 4-D branes localized at the fixed points of an S1/2 orbifold. There is a scalar field in the bulk which, given a superpotential W(), determines the warped geometry of the 5-D spacetime. This type of scenario is common in string theory, where the bulk scalar field is related to the volume of small compact extra dimensions. We show that, after the moduli are stabilized by supersymmetry breaking terms localized on the branes, the only relevant degrees of freedom in the bulk consist of a 5-D massive spectrum of gravitons. Then we analyze the gravitational interaction between massive bodies localized at the positive tension brane mediated by these bulk gravitons. It is shown that the Newtonian potential describing this interaction picks up a non-trivial contribution at short distances that depends on the shape of the superpotential W(). We compute this contribution for dilatonic braneworld scenarios W() eα (where α is a constant) and discuss the particular case of 5-D Heterotic M-theory: It is argued that a specific footprint at micron scales could be observable in the near future.
119168398
Bigravitational inflation
We study the realization of cosmic inflation in bigravity theories. By analyzing the evolution of scalar, vector and tensor perturbations in de Sitter-like spacetimes, we find strong stability constraints on the class of viable vacua offered by these theories. More specifically, the only stable de Sitter vacua contain two nondecoupled gravitons (one of which is massive) with different maximal propagation speeds. We derive an effective theory for the massless graviton, which is found to propagate at an intermediate speed, limited by the two maximal values. For inflation, while the spectrum of density perturbations remains nearly scale invariant, the power spectrum of tensor modes is found to depart from the usual prediction found in standard slow-roll inflation. In particular, both the tensor to scalar ratio r and the spectral index of tensor modes nT receive sizable contributions from the couplings of the theory, leading to specific signals that may be tested in future cosmological probes of CMB-polarization.
58905616
Loop quantum gravity corrections and cosmic rays decays
Loop quantum gravity effective theories are reviewed in the context of the observed GZK limit anomaly and related processes. This is accomplished through a kinematical analysis of the modified threshold conditions for the involved decay reactions, arising from the theory. Specially interesting is the possibility of an helicity dependant violation of the limit, whose primary effect would be the observation of favoured helicity states for highly energetic particles.
120515364
Observational Constraints on the Braneworld Geometry
18075993
Inflation with a stringy minimal length, reworked
In this paper we revisit the formulation of scalar field theories on de Sitter backgrounds subject to the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP). The GUP arises in several contexts in string theory, but is most readily thought of as resulting from using strings as effective probes of geometry, which suggests an uncertainty relation incorporating the string scale ls. After reviewing the string theoretic case for the GUP, which implies a minimum length scale ls, we follow in the footsteps of Kempf and concern ourselves with how one might write down field theories which respect the GUP. We uncover a new representation of the GUP, which unlike previous studies, readily permits exact analytical solutions for the mode functions of a scalar field on de Sitter backgrounds. We find that scalar fields cannot be quantized on inflationary backgrounds with a Hubble radius H−1 smaller than the string scale, implying a sensibly stringy (as opposed to Planckian) cutoff on the scale of inflation resulting from the GUP. We also compute (Hls)2 corrections to the two point correlation function analytically and comment on the future prospects of observing such corrections in the fortunate circumstance our universe is described by a very weakly coupled string theory.
119832693
Renormalized loop expansion to compute finite size effects of the constraint effective potential
In latticeφ4 close to the critical line, finite size effects can be computed by renormalized loop expansions. In order to do so, the constraint effective potential is computed to two loop order. Using this expression, we are able to extract results for renormalized masses and coupling constants from Multigrid Monte Carlo data of Mack and Meyer for the constraint effective potential close to the critical line, and compare them with the analytical results ofLüscher and Weisz. Perfect agreement is found.
118478824
A non-perturbative argument for the non-abelian Higgs mechanism
Abstract The evasion of massless Goldstone bosons by the non-abelian Higgs mechanism is proved by a non-perturbative argument in the local BRST gauge.
118167913
Analytical computation of the magnetization probability density function for the harmonic 2D XY model
The probability density function (PDF) of some global average quantity plays a fundamental role in critical and highly correlated systems. We explicitly compute this quantity as a function of the magnetization for the two dimensional XY model in its harmonic approximation. Numerical simulations and perturbative results have shown a Gumbel-like shape of the PDF, in spite of the fact that the average magnetization is not an extreme variable. Our analytical result allows to test both perturbative analytical expansions and also numerical computations performed previously. Perfect agreement is found for the first moments of the PDF. Also for large volume and in the high temperature limit the distribution becomes Gaussian, as it should be. In the low temperature regime its numerical evaluation is compatible with a Gumbel distribution.
119486225
Resonance enhancement of particle production during reheating
We found a consistent equation of reheating after inflation which shows that for small quantum fluctuations the frequencies of resonance are slighted different from the standard ones. Quantum interference is taken into account and we found that at large fluctuations the process mimics very well the usual parametric resonance, but proceeds in a different dynamical way. The analysis is made in a toy quantum mechanical model and we discuss further its extension to quantum field theory.
1744775
Self-consistent calculation of real space renormalization group flows and effective potentials
Abstract We show how to compute real space renormalization group flows in lattice field theory by a self-consistent method which is designed to preserve the basic stability properties of a Boltzmann factor. Particular attention is paid to controlling the errors which come from truncating the action to a manageable form. In each step, the integration over the fluctuation field (high frequency components of the field) is performed by a saddle point method. The saddle point depends on the block spin. Higher powers of derivatives of the field are neglected in the actions, but no polynomial approximation in the field is made. The flow preserves a simple parameterization of the action. In the first part the method is described and numerical results are presented. In the second part we discuss an improvement of the method where the saddle point approximation is preceded by self-consistent normal ordering, i.e. solution of a gap equation. In the third part we describe a general procedure to obtain higher order corrections with the help of Schwinger-Dyson equations. In this paper we treat scalar field theories as an example. The basic limitations of the method are also discussed. They come from a possible breakdown of stability which may occur when a composite block spin or block variables for domain walls would be needed.