44717149
Peer-to-Peer Support for File Transfer and Caching Mechanism
In existing Internet file transfer mechanism, proxy servers play a major role in load balancing and reducing duplicate file access requests for services like FTP and WWW. However, proxy servers are usually unaware of the availability of cached contents on other peer proxy servers. This is a waste of time since duplicate requests are needed. Unnecessary traffic can be reduced if cooperation and coordination among peer proxies can be utilized. In this paper, peer-to-peer support was incorporated in ordinary file transfer and caching mechanism to reduce unnecessary processing time and storage. Through the location service, hosts requesting file services can dynamically determine if a copy is available and its current location. Work load for file servers will be greatly reduced, and personalization of file transfer configuration can be fully supported.
44970162
Toward Web mining of cross-language query translations in digital libraries
This paper proposes an effective query-translation approach that enables a cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) service to be more easily supported in digital library systems that only contain monolingual content. A query-translation engine called LiveTrans is used to process the translation requests of cross-lingual queries from connected digital library systems. To automatically extract translations not covered by standard dictionaries, the engine is developed based on a novel integration of dictionary resources and Web mining approaches, including anchor-text and search-result methods. The engine exploits a broad range of multilingual Web resources used as live bilingual corpora to alleviate translation difficulties. It is shown to be particularly effective for extracting multilingual translation equivalents of query terms containing proper names or new terminology. The obtained results show the feasibility of and great potential for creating English-Chinese CLIR services in existing digital libraries and new applications in cross-language Web searching, although difficulties still remain that need to be investigated further.
14678674
Enhanced intranet management in a DHCP-enabled environment
The DHCP (dynamic host configuration protocol) is widely deployed in resource allocation and intranet management. However the DHCP mechanism is not mandatory and the DHCP server can neither force DHCP clients to release their leases, nor enforce cooperation from externally configured hosts that are DHCP-unaware. Although new DHCP options such as DHCP reconfigure extension have been proposed, the basic problems inherent in DHCP mechanism cannot be solved without first strengthening its operations. In the paper a DHCP-based infrastructure for intranet management is proposed by combining the resource allocation functions of the DHCP server with the packet filtering features of MAC (Medium Access Control) bridges such as Ethernet switches and wireless access points. DHCP clients and DHCP-unaware hosts that do not abide by the DHCP mechanism or our management policy will be denied network accesses by MAC bridges. Resource allocation and access control can be integrated and local configuration conflicts can be reduced to the minimum.
38534403
Effective Content Tracking for Digital Rights Management in Digital Libraries
A usual way for content protection of digital libraries is to use digital watermarks and a DRM-based access-control environment. These methods, however, have limitations. Digital watermarks embedded in digital content could be removed by malicious users via post-processing, whereas DRM-based access-control solutions could be hacked. In this paper, we introduce a content tracking mechanism that we have built for multimedia-content near-replica detection as the second line of defense. The integrated framework aims to detect unlawful copyright infringements on the Internet, and combines the strengths of static rights enforcement and dynamic illegal content tracking. The issues of accuracy and huge computation cost in copy detection have been addressed by the introduced content-based techniques. Our experiments demonstrate the efficacy of proposed copy detector.
40595039
Constructing a Wrapper-Based DRM System for Digital Content Protection in Digital Libraries
Conventional digital libraries utilize access control and digital watermarking techniques to protect their digital content. These methods, however, have drawbacks. First, after passing the identity authentication process, authorized users can easily redistribute the digital assets. Second, it is impractical to expect a digital watermarking scheme to prevent all kinds of attack. Thus, how to enforce property rights after digital content has been released to authorized users is a crucial and challenging issue. In this paper, we propose a wrapper-based approach to digital content protection that integrates digital watermarking, cryptography, information protection technology, and a rights model. In this rights enforcement environment, the behavior of all content players is monitored and digital content can only be accessed after certain usage rules have been satisfied. Furthermore, the proposed architecture can be easily integrated into any digital content player, or even existing DRM systems in digital libraries. With the protection of the proposed DRM system, the abuse of digital content can be drastically reduced.
789503
Exploiting the Web as the multilingual corpus for unknown query translation
target languages. To facilitate a cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) service in digital library systems, it is important to develop a powerful query translation engine. This must be able to automatically translate users’ queries from multiple source languages to the target languages that the systems accept. Conventional approaches to CLIR can be divided into two groups: dictionary-based and corpora-based. A dictionarybased approach (Ballesteros & Croft, 1997) utilizes a simple translation dictionary in which each query term is looked up and translated into its corresponding terms in the target language. However, terms may have multiple ambiguous meanings and many new unknown terms that are not covered in the dictionary cannot be translated. Corpora-based approach (Nie, Isabelle, Simard & Durand, 1999) incorporates multilingual corpus where texts in different languages are collected for translation purpose. Either comparable texts (Fung & Yee, 1998) or parallel texts (Nie et al., 1999) can be used as the multilingual corpus. Parallel texts contain bilingual sentences, from which word or phrase translations can be extracted by appropriate sentence alignment methods (Gale & Church, 1993). Comparable texts share similar concepts in content, but do not necessarily show alignment correspondence for translation. Because there is a fundamental word mismatch problem that queries and documents might not share the same words, the basic assumption of such approaches is that as queries get longer, the severity of the problem tends to decrease. Query expansion techniques (Ballesteros & Croft, 1997) can therefore be used to enrich query terms not covered in documents. However, these approaches present some fundamental difficulties for digital libraries that wish to support practical CLIR services. First, most of existing digital libraries contain only monolingual text collections; hence, there is no bilingual corpus for cross-lingual training. Second, real Exploiting the Web as the Multilingual Corpus for Unknown Query Translation
7304743
Proxy ecology - cooperative proxies with artificial life
In this paper, we propose a novel P2P cooperative proxy cache system using an individual-based model. We borrow the idea from an ecological system as well as economic systems to manage the cooperative proxies through data and information exchange among individual proxies. The data flow among proxy nodes creates artificial life for the cooperative proxies. The proxy servers with artificial life can automatically configure themselves into a virtual proxy graph. The aggregate effect of caching actions by individual peer proxies automatically distributes the Web document closer to the clients and balances the workload. Our simulation results show that the proposed proxy caching scheme tremendously improves the system performance. In addition, the individual-based design model ensures the simplicity and scalability of the cache system.
18182406
Recurrent neural networks for minimum infinity-norm kinematic control of redundant manipulators
This paper presents two neural network approaches to minimum infinity-norm solution of the velocity inverse kinematics problem for redundant robots. Three recurrent neural networks are applied for determining a joint velocity vector with its maximum absolute value component being minimal among all possible joint velocity vectors corresponding to the desired end-effector velocity. In each proposed neural network approach, two cooperating recurrent neural networks are used. The first approach employs two Tank-Hopfield networks for linear programming. The second approach employs two two-layer recurrent neural networks for quadratic programming and linear programming, respectively. Both the minimal 2-norm and infinity-norm of joint velocity vector can be obtained from the output of the recurrent neural networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approaches are effective with the second approach being better in terms of accuracy and optimality.
11808205
Mending broken handwriting with a macrostructure analysis method to improve recognition
Abstract Broken characters always create problems in handwriting recognition systems, especially those using boundary and/or skeleton information. This paper presents a macrostructure analysis (MSA) mending method based on skeleton and boundary information and an MSA that investigates the stroke tending direction and other properties of handwritings. A new skeleton end extension algorithm is introduced, which compensates the defectiveness of the skeletonization algorithm and obtains a satisfactory skeleton. When combined with suitable parameters, improved performance from a handwriting classifier is achieved. The experimental results from over 13 000 numerals show the efficiency and robustness of the proposed method, raising recognition rates by over 10% for broken handwritten digits, from 74.8% to 86.4%.
14581620
Network cache model for wireless proxy caching
We propose a wireless network cache model to facilitate the cooperative proxy caching in wireless base stations. A self-configured and adaptive virtual proxy graph (VPG) is used to achieve efficient data search, data cache and data replication. Based on demand, the aggregate effect of data caching, searching and replicating actions by individual proxies automatically distributes cached Web documents closer to the interested mobile clients. Our performance study demonstrates that the proposed individual-based wireless proxy caching scheme outperforms existing caching schemes in terms of different performance metrics.
5646579
Comparing User-assisted and Automatic Query Translation
For the 2002 Cross-Language Evaluation Forum Interactive Track, the University of Maryland team focused on query formulation and reformulation. Twelve people performed a total of forty eight searches in the German document collection using English queries. Half of the searches were with user-assisted query translation, and half with fully automatic query translation. For the user-assisted query translation condition, participants were provided two types of cues about the meaning of each translation: a list of other terms with the same translation (potential synonyms), and a sentence in which the word was used in a translation-appropriate context. Four searchers performed the official iCLEF task, the other eight searched a smaller collection. Searchers performing the official task were able to make more accurate relevance judgments with user-assisted query translation for three of the four topics. We observed that the number of query iterations seems to vary systematically with topic, system, and collection, and we are analyzing query content and ranked retrieval measures to obtain further insight into these variations in search behavior.