117351482
Bubble chamber study of (10÷100) GeV cosmic-ray muons at all zenith angles
SummaryCosmic-ray muons have been studied by analysis of tracks recorded in a large high-field heavy-liquid bubble chamber. From a sample of 50 000 pictures approximately 2 000 muons with energies above 10 GeV were examined for energy and zenith-angle distributions over the complete range from 0° to 90°. In the vertical direction the integral spectrum up to energies exceeding 100 GeV is consistent with depth intensity data and somewhat higher than observed in unshielded vertical magnetic spectrometers. At other zenith angles we find the expected variations, which approach a cos2ϑ attenuation for muons in the 10 GeV region, and tend towards a secϑ enhancement for muon energies above 100 GeV.RiassuntoSi sono studiati i muoni dei raggi cosmici analizzando le tracce fotografate in una grande camera a bolle a liquido pesante con forte campo magnetico. Da un campione di 50 000 fotogrammi si sono esaminati approssimativamente 2 000 muoni con energie superiori a 10 GeV per le distribuzioni di energia e dell’angolo zenitale nell’intero intervallo da 0° a 90°. Nella direzione verticale lo spettro integrale fino ad energie superiori ai 100 GeV è coerente con i dati sull’intensità in profondità ed è leggermente superiore a quello osservato in spettrometri magnetici verticali non schermati. Ad altri angoli zenitali si trovano le variazioni previste, che approssimano una attenuazione del tipo cos2ϑ per muoni nella regione di 10 GeV, e tendono verso un incremento del tipo secϑ per energie dei muoni al di sopra dei 100 GeV.РеэюмеБыли исследованы мюоны в космических лучах посредством аналиэа треков, эарегистрированных в пуэырьковой камере с тяжелой жидкостью, помешенной в сильном поле. Иэ выборки 50000 снимков были исследованы приблиэительно 2000 мюонов с знергиями около 10 ГзВ для получения знергетических распределений и распределений по эенитному углу во всей области углов от 0° до 90°. В вертикальном направлении интегральный спектр вплоть до знергий, превыщаюших 100 ГзВ, согласуется с данными глубинной интенсивности и до некоторой степени выще, чем наблюденный в незкранированных вертикальных магнитных спектрометрах. При других эенитных углах мы обнаружили предполагаемые иэменения, которые почти похожи на ослабление соs2 ϑ для мюонов в области 10 ГзВ и стремятся к увеличению вес ϑ для знергий мюонов выще 100 ГзВ.
115768104
CURRENT STATUS OF THE QUEST FOR QUARKS.
122338380
COSMIC RAY MUONS FROM LOW GALACTIC LATITUDE
Occasional spurious tracks are found on photographs taken during routine observations with the 40-inch heavy-liquid bubble chamber (HLBC) at the Argonne National Laboratory (Roe, Sinclair, and Vander Vilde 1964). These tracks are caused by cosmic ray muons, and are rather similar to streaks caused by meteors on photographs of the sky. The HLBC is located at Ν 41°42'03" latitude and W 87°59'24" longitude, and at an altitude of 227.38 meters above sea level. It has a field of view in the form of a strip 50° wide centered on the north-zenith-south meridian. The strip extends from horizon to horizon. As the earth turns, 87 percent of the celestial sphere passes through the field of view. The product of the cross-sectional capture area of the HLBC times its field of view is 1.7 meter2 steradian. Each picture covers the entire field of view and has a sensitive time of six milliseconds. The chamber is ex-
124504029
The search for quarks in terrestrial matter
Abstract Recent experimental searches for physical quarks stopped in terrestrial matter are reviewed and summarized.
118455922
Quarks and Partons as Two Different Manifestations of One Covariant Entity
Unlike classical physics, modern physics depends heavily on observer’s state of mind or environment. Quantum mechanics depends on how we measure physical quantities, and this issue has not yet been completely settled. In relativity, observers in different Lorentz frames see the same physical system differently. The importance of the observer’s subjective viewpoint was emphasized by Immanuel Kant in his book entitled Kritik der reinen Vernunft whose first and second editions were published in 1781 and 1787 respectively. However, using his own logic, he ended up with a conclusion that there must be an absolute inertial frame, and that we only see the frames dictated by our subjectivity.
124314883
Radial excitations in the symmetric quark model
SummaryRadial excitation modes are analyzed for nonstrange baryons. It is found that the baryon radial mode exhibits a harmonicoscillatorlike mass spectrum with the energy spacing of 270 MeV. It is shown that a largeSU6 force is responsible for this narrow spacing. It is shown also that thisSU6 force is responsible for the exceptionally low mass of the Roper resonance.RiassuntoSi analizzano i modi di eccitazione radiali per barioni non strani. Si trova che il modo radiale del barione presenta un spettro di massa del tipo dell’oscillatore armonico con intervallo di energia di 270 MeV. Si dimostra che una grande forza diSU6 è responsabile di questo piccolo intervallo. Si dimostra anche che questa forza diSU6 è responsabile della massa eccezionalmente bassa della risonanza di Roper.РеэюмеПроводится аналиэ мод радиальных воэбуждений для нестранных барионов. Получается, что барионная радиальная мода обнаруживает массовый спектр, аналогичный спектру гармонического осциллятора, с интервалом 270 МзВ. Покаэывается, что больщаяSU6 сила является ответственной эа зтот уэкий интервал. Также отмечается, что зтаSU6 сила ответственна эа зкспоненциально инэкую массу реэонанса Ропера.
118277006
Poincaré group, symplectic group, and relativistic extended hadrons consisting of spin 1/2 quarks
118506228
Radial effects in the symmetric quark model
SummaryEffects of the radial wave function are studied for the nonstrange baryons in the symmetric quark model. Rotational energy levels are calculated and are found to be in agreement with the energy levels in the observed baryonic mass spectra. Relativistic perturbative effects which vanish in the large-quark-mass limit are also calculated. The lower bound on the quark mass is found to be approximately 1.5 GeV.RiassuntoSi studiano gli effetti della funzione d'onda radiale per barioni non strani nel modello. a quark simmetrico. Si calcolano i livelli d'energia rotazionali e si trova che essi concordano con i livelli d'energia negli spettri delle masse barioniche osservati. Si calcolano anche effetti perturbative relativistici che tendono a zero nel limite della grande massa dei quark. Si trova che il limite inferiore della massa dei quark è circa 1.5 GeV.РезюмеВ симметричной кварковой модели исследуются эффекты радиальной волновой функции для нестранных барионов. Вычисляются ротационные уровни энергии. Вычисленные уровни энергии хогошо согласуются с уровнями энергии в наблюденных спектрах барионных масс. Также оцениваются релятивистские пертурбационные эффекты, которые исчезают в пределе большой массы кварка. Найдена нижняя граница для мварка, которая приблизительно составляет 1.5 ГэВ.
14454392
Does Lorentz Boost Destroy Coherence
It is shown that the time-energy uncertainty relation can be combined into the position-momentum uncertainty relation covariantly in the quark model of hadrons. This leads to a Lorentz-invariant form of the uncertainty relations. This model explains that the quark model and the parton model are two different manifestations of the same covariant model. In particular, this covariant model explains why the coherent amplitudes in the quark model become incoherent, after a Lorentz boost, in the parton model. It is shown that this lack of coherence is consistent with the present form of quantum mechanics.