18792056
Space-time Symmetry Transformations of Elementary Particles realized in Optics Laboratories
The second-order differential equation describes harmonic oscillators, as well as currents in LCR circuits. This allows us to study oscillator systems by constructing electronic circuits. Likewise, one set of closed commutation relations can generate group representations applicable to different branches of physics. It is pointed out that polarization optics can be formulated in terms of the six-parameter Lorentz group. This allows us to construct optical instruments corresponding to the subgroups of the Lorentz groups. It is shown possible to produce combinations of optical filters that exhibit transformations corresponding to Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions, which are manifestations of the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles.
668406
Quantization of electromagnetic fields in a circular cylindrical cavity
We present a quantization procedure for the electromagnetic field in a circular cylindrical cavity with perfectly conducting walls, which is based on the decomposition of the field. A new decomposition procedure is proposed; all vector mode functions satisfying the boundary conditions are obtained with the help of this decomposition. After expanding the quantized field in terms of the vector mode functions, it is possible to derive the Hamiltonian for this quantized system.
73571003
Time separation as a hidden variable to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics
The Bohr radius is a space‐like separation between the proton and electron in the hydrogen atom. According to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics, the proton is sitting in the absolute Lorentz frame. If this hydrogen atom is observed from a different Lorentz frame, there is a time‐like separation linearly mixed with the Bohr radius. Indeed, the time‐separation is one of the essential variables in high‐energy hadronic physics where the hadron is a bound state of the quarks, while thoroughly hidden in the present form of quantum mechanics. It will be concluded that this variable is hidden in Feynman’s rest of the universe. It is noted first that Feynman’s Lorentz‐invariant differential equation for the bound‐state quarks has a set of solutions which describe all essential features of hadronic physics. These solutions explicitly depend on the time separation between the quarks. This set also forms the mathematical basis for two‐mode squeezed states in quantum optics, where both photons are observable,...
1673726
Symmetries Shared by the Poincaré Group and the Poincaré Sphere
Henri Poincare formulated the mathematics of Lorentz transformations, known as the Poincare group. He also formulated the Poincare sphere for polarization optics. It is shown that these two mathematical instruments can be derived from the two-by-two representations of the Lorentz group. Wigner’s little groups for internal space-time symmetries are studied in detail. While the particle mass is a Lorentz-invariant quantity, it is shown to be possible to address its variations in terms of the decoherence mechanism in polarization optics.
1320799
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions in polarization optics.
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions are manifestations of the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles, respectively. It is shown to be possible to produce combinations of optical filters which exhibit transformations corresponding to Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions. This is possible because the combined effects of rotation, phase-shift, and attenuation filters lead to transformation matrices of the six-parameter Lorentz group applicable to Jones vectors and Stokes parameters for polarized light waves. The symmetry transformations in special relativity lead to a set of experiments which can be performed in optics laboratories.
14939249
Coupled Harmonic Oscillators and Feynman's Rest of the Universe
According to Feynman, the universe consists of two parts - the system in which we are interested and the rest of the universe which our measurement process does not reach. Feynman then formulates the density matrix in terms of the observable world and the rest of the universe. It is shown that coupled harmonic oscillators can serve as an illustrative example for Feynman's ``rest of the universe.'' It is pointed out that this simple example has far-reaching consequences in many branches of physics, including statistical mechanics, measurement theory, information theory, thermo-field dynamics, quantum optics, and relativistic quantum mechanics. It is shown that our ignorance of the rest of the universe increases the uncertainty and entropy in the system in which we are interested.
5119942
Measuring superparticle masses at hadron collider using the transverse mass kink
We present a detailed study of the collider observable mT2 applied for pair-produced superparticles decaying to visible particles and a pair of invisible lightest supersymmetric particles (LSPs). Analytic expressions of the maximum of mT2 over all events (mT2max) are derived. It is noticed that if the decay product of each superparticle involves more than one visible particle, mT2max being a function of the trial LSP mass mχ has a kink structure at mχ = true LSP mass, which can be used to determine the mother superparticle mass and the LSP mass simultaneously. To see how well mT2max can be constructed from collider data, a Monte-Carlo analysis of the gluino mT2 is performed for some superparticle spectra.
119341368
A Schematic model for rho - a(1) mixing at finite density and in-medium effective Lagrangian
Based on schematic two-level models extended to a{sub 1}-meson degrees of freedom, we investigate possible mechanisms of chiral restoration in the vector-axial-vector channels in cold nuclear matter. In the first part of this article we employ the massive Yang-Mills framework to construct an effective chiral Lagrangian based on low-energy mesonic modes at finite density. The latter are identified through nuclear collective excitations of ''meson''-sobar type such as {pi}{r_reversible}[{delta}(1232)N{sup -1}]{identical_to}{pi}, {rho}{r_reversible}[N{sup *}(1520)N{sup -1}]{identical_to}{rho}, etc. In a mean-field type treatment the in-medium gauge coupling g, the (axial-)vector meson masses and f{sub {pi}} are found to decrease with density indicating the approach towards chiral restoration in the language of in-medium effective fields. In the second part of our analysis we evaluate the (first) in-medium Weinberg sum rule which relates vector and axial-vector correlators to the pion decay constant. Using in-medium {rho}/a{sub 1} spectral functions (computed in the two-level model) also leads to a substantial reduction of the pion decay constant with increasing density. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
54616116
PRECISION FIELD MAPPING SYSTEM FOR CYCLOTRON MAGNET
This paper presents a Hall-probe mapping system for measuring the cyclotron magnet, which has been fabricated for the 13 MeV cyclotron at the Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences(KIRAMS). The Hall probe are mounted on the precision x-y stage, and maps the magnetic field in the Cartesian coordinates. To reduce the data-acquisition time, the system uses the “flying” mode field mapping method. The data acquisition time for mapping the whole gap-area of the cyclotron magnet is ~ 60 minutes. The relative random fluctuation error during the entire mapping process is under 0.01 %. The field measurement results after correction have indicated that the total phase excursion is less than ±15°.
119447142
Renormalization group analysis ofρ-meson properties at finite density
We calculate the density dependence of the $\rho$-meson mass and coupling constant($g_{\rho NN}$) for $\rho$-nucleon-nucleon vertex at one loop using the lagrangian where the $\rho$-meson is included as a dynamical gauge boson of a hidden local symmetry. From the condition that thermodynamic potential should not depend on the arbitrary energy scale, renormalization scale, one can construct a renormalization group equation for the thermodynamic potential and argue that the various renormalization group coefficients are functions of the density or temperature. We calculate the $\beta$-function for $\rho$-nucleon-nucleon coupling constant ($g_{\rho NN}$) and $\gamma$-function for $\rho$-meson mass ($\gamma_{m_\rho}$). We found that the $\rho$-meson mass and the coupling constant for $g_{\rho NN}$ drop as density increases in the low energy limit.
59372197
BEAM SIMULATION OF SQQ INJECTION SYSTEM IN KIRAMS-30 CYCLOTRON ∗
The injection system of KIRAMS-30 cyclotron consists of a doublegap buncher,an SQQ, and a spiral inflector. Initial beam with 100 mmmrad has been generated by random Gaussian function in the transverse plane and random uniform function in the longitudinal direction. Using the 3D electric and magnetic fields of a buncher, SQQ, inflector, and return-yoke bore, the characteristics of the beam injected into the KIRAMS-30 cyclotron’s central region has been obtained. This paper presents the results of its beam characteristics and parameters of each beam element.