7413311
A fast multigrid algorithm for mesh deformation
In this paper, we present a multigrid technique for efficiently deforming large surface and volume meshes. We show that a previous least-squares formulation for distortion minimization reduces to a Laplacian system on a general graph structure for which we derive an analytic expression. We then describe an efficient multigrid algorithm for solving the relevant equations. Here we develop novel prolongation and restriction operators used in the multigrid cycles. Combined with a simple but effective graph coarsening strategy, our algorithm can outperform other multigrid solvers and the factorization stage of direct solvers in both time and memory costs for large meshes. It is demonstrated that our solver can trade off accuracy for speed to achieve greater interactivity, which is attractive for manipulating large meshes. Our multigrid solver is particularly well suited for a mesh editing environment which does not permit extensive precomputation. Experimental evidence of these advantages is provided on a number of meshes with a wide range of size. With our mesh deformation solver, we also successfully demonstrate that visually appealing mesh animations can be generated from both motion capture data and a single base mesh even when they are inconsistent.
1542177
Out-of-core tensor approximation of multi-dimensional matrices of visual data
Tensor approximation is necessary to obtain compact multilinear models for multi-dimensional visual datasets. Traditionally, each multi-dimensional data item is represented as a vector. Such a scheme flattens the data and partially destroys the internal structures established throughout the multiple dimensions. In this paper, we retain the original dimensionality of the data items to more effectively exploit existing spatial redundancy and allow more efficient computation. Since the size of visual datasets can easily exceed the memory capacity of a single machine, we also present an out-of-core algorithm for higher-order tensor approximation. The basic idea is to partition a tensor into smaller blocks and perform tensor-related operations blockwise. We have successfully applied our techniques to three graphics-related data-driven models, including 6D bidirectional texture functions, 7D dynamic BTFs and 4D volume simulation sequences. Experimental results indicate that our techniques can not only process out-of-core data, but also achieve higher compression ratios and quality than previous methods.
13369249
Reconstruction of 3-D Symmetric Curves from Perspective Images without Discrete Features
The shapes of many natural and man-made objects have curved contours. The images of such contours usually do not have sufficient distinctive features to apply conventional feature-based reconstruction algorithms. This paper shows that both the shape of curves in 3-D space and the camera poses can be accurately reconstructed from their perspective images with unknown point correspondences given that the curves have certain invariant properties such as symmetry. We show that in such cases the minimum number of views needed for a solution is remarkably small: one for planar curves and two for nonplanar curves (of arbitrary shapes), which is significantly less than what is required by most existing algorithms for general curves. Our solutions rely on minimizing the L 2-distance between the shapes of the curves reconstructed via the “epipolar geometry” of symmetric curves. Both simulations and experiments on real images are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
46180
Efficient visibility processing for projective texture mapping
Abstract Projective texture mapping is a powerful tool for image-based rendering. However, visibility information must be obtained in order to project correct textures onto the geometric sturcture. This paper presents a novel visibility algorithm for determining which polygons are visible from each camera position. It has object-space precision, but operates in both image-space and object-space to get better performance. It generates much less polygons than traditional object-space algorithms to help accelerate the speed of texture mapping. The techniques used to achieve these are conservative image-space occlusion testing and object-space shallow clipping . This algorithm has been successfully used to generate large-scale image-based rendering of a whole university campus, and image-based rendering of architectures under dynamic lighting.
13948350
Feature matching and deformation for texture synthesis
One significant problem in patch-based texture synthesis is the presence of broken features at the boundary of adjacent patches. The reason is that optimization schemes for patch merging may fail when neighborhood search cannot find satisfactory candidates in the sample texture because of an inaccurate similarity measure. In this paper, we consider both curvilinear features and their deformation. We develop a novel algorithm to perform feature matching and alignment by measuring structural similarity. Our technique extracts a feature map from the sample texture, and produces both a new feature map and texture map. Texture synthesis guided by feature maps can significantly reduce the number of feature discontinuities and related artifacts, and gives rise to satisfactory results.
10850316
Modeling realistic virtual hairstyles
The author presents an effective method for modeling realistic curly hairstyles, taking into account both artificial hairstyling processes and natural curliness. The result is a detailed geometric model of hairs that can be rendered and animated via existing methods. Our technique exploits the analogy between hairs and a vector field; it interactively and efficiently models global and local hair flows by superimposing procedurally defined vector field primitives that have local influence. Usually only a very small number of vector field primitives are needed to model a complicated hairstyle. An initial model of hair strands is extracted from the superimposed vector fields by tracing their field lines. Random natural or artificial curliness can be added to the initial model through a parametric hair offset function with a randomized distribution of parameters over the scalp. Techniques for shearing and clustering are also designed to improve the overall appearance of the hair model. Our technique has been successfully applied to generate a variety of realistic hairstyles with different curliness and length distributions.
146270
Requirements-driven design of autonomic application software
Autonomic computing systems reduce software maintenance costs and management complexity by taking on the responsibility for their configuration, optimization, healing, and protection. These tasks are accomplished by switching at runtime to a different system behaviour - the one that is more efficient, more secure, more stable, etc. - while still fulfilling the main purpose of the system. Thus, identifying the objectives of the system, analyzing alternative ways of how these objectives can be met, and designing a system that supports all or some of these alternative behaviours is a promising way to develop autonomic systems. This paper proposes the use of requirements goal models as a foundation for such software development process and demonstrates this on an example.
14491026
An iterative method for optimizing FIR filters synthesized using the two-stage frequency-response masking technique
An efficient technique for drastically reducing the number of multipliers and adders in narrow-transition band linear-phase finite-impulse response filters is to use one-stage or multistage frequency-response masking (FRM) approaches as originally introduced by Lim. It has been observed recently that for the one-stage FRM approach the filter complexity can be considerably reduced by iteratively optimizing the periodic filter and masking filters by properly sharing the frequency-response-shaping responsibilities in their respective frequency regions. In this paper, a similar iterative method is applied to the two-stage FRM structure to reduce the filter complexity even more. An example taken from the literature is included illustrating that the number of adders and multipliers for the resulting filters are less than 75 percent compared with the original designs.
5687277
A self-adaptive scheduling algorithm of on-demand broadcasts
In mobile wireless systems data on air can be accessed by a large number of mobile users. Many of these applications such as wireless internets and traffic information systems are pull-based, that is, they respond to on-demand user requests. In this paper, we study the scheduling problems of on-demand broadcast environments. Traditionally, the response time of the requests has been used as a performance measure. In this paper we consider the performance as the average cost of request composed of three kinds of costs—access time cost, tuning time cost, and cost of handling failure request. Our main contribution is a self-adaptive scheduling algorithm named LDFC, which computes the delay cost of data item as the priority for broadcast. It performs well compared with some previous algorithms in this context.
13911639
A Cost-Efficient Scheduling Algorithm of On-Demand Broadcasts
In mobile wireless systems data on air can be accessed by a large number of mobile users. Many of these applications including wireless internets and traffic information systems are pull-based, that is, they respond to on-demand user requests. In this paper, we study the scheduling problems of on-demand broadcast environments. Traditionally, the response time of the requests has been used as a performance measure. In this paper we consider the performance as the average cost of request composed of three kinds of costs – access time cost, tuning time cost, and cost of handling failure request. Our main contribution is a self-adaptive scheduling algorithm named LDFC, which computes the delay cost of data item as the priority of broadcast. It costs less compared with some previous algorithms in this context, and shows good adaptability as well even in pure push-based broadcasts.
17708725
An extended fault class hierarchy for specification-based testing
Kuhn, followed by Tsuchiya and Kikuno, have developed a hierarchy of relationships among several common types of faults (such as variable and expression faults) for specification-based testing by studying the corresponding fault detection conditions. Their analytical results can help explain the relative effectiveness of various fault-based testing techniques previously proposed in the literature. This article extends and complements their studies by analyzing the relationships between variable and literal faults, and among literal, operator, term, and expression faults. Our analysis is more comprehensive and produces a richer set of findings that interpret previous empirical results, can be applied to the design and evaluation of test methods, and inform the way that test cases should be prioritized for earlier detection of faults. Although this work originated from the detection of faults related to specifications, our results are equally applicable to program-based predicate testing that involves logic expressions.