122988282
A method of closed orbit correction under constraint conditions
We have developed the correction algorithm of the closed orbit distortion (COD) under the constraint condition where beam positions at particular points are not changed. The new algorithm is based on the modified PSINOM algorithm including the regularization process in order to avoid the inversion problem of the ill-posed response matrices. We have confirmed that the COD is well corrected with no orbit leak in the simulation and is in good agreement with the experiment.
54512122
Bunch length beating in PLS storage ring
During the normal operation period in the Pohang Light Source (PLS) storage ring, the spontaneous bunch length oscillation or beating is generated by the nonlinear effects of the RF noise whose frequency is much lower than the bifurcation frequency. Due to the bunch length beating, we can not supply the uniform intensity beams to users. We have described the observed bunch length beating and its mechanism in the PLS storage ring with a simulation.
110777646
The Pohang light source
A 2 GeV synchrotron light source project is in progress in Pohang, Korea. The light source is designed to provide high brightness radiation with continuous wavelengths down to 1 A (10-8 em) with its peak at 4·43 A(Le. 2·8 keY). The project, consisting of a full energy injector linear accelerator and a 2 GeV storage ring, was launched in 1988 and is scheduled to be completed by the end of 1994. In this article, we introduce the main features and status of the storage ring components and the installation procedure. Radiation characteristics and beamline status are also described.
120000655
SU(3) SYMMETRY AND THE NONLEPTONIC K-MESON PROCESSES
668406
Quantization of electromagnetic fields in a circular cylindrical cavity
We present a quantization procedure for the electromagnetic field in a circular cylindrical cavity with perfectly conducting walls, which is based on the decomposition of the field. A new decomposition procedure is proposed; all vector mode functions satisfying the boundary conditions are obtained with the help of this decomposition. After expanding the quantized field in terms of the vector mode functions, it is possible to derive the Hamiltonian for this quantized system.
73571003
Time separation as a hidden variable to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics
The Bohr radius is a space‐like separation between the proton and electron in the hydrogen atom. According to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics, the proton is sitting in the absolute Lorentz frame. If this hydrogen atom is observed from a different Lorentz frame, there is a time‐like separation linearly mixed with the Bohr radius. Indeed, the time‐separation is one of the essential variables in high‐energy hadronic physics where the hadron is a bound state of the quarks, while thoroughly hidden in the present form of quantum mechanics. It will be concluded that this variable is hidden in Feynman’s rest of the universe. It is noted first that Feynman’s Lorentz‐invariant differential equation for the bound‐state quarks has a set of solutions which describe all essential features of hadronic physics. These solutions explicitly depend on the time separation between the quarks. This set also forms the mathematical basis for two‐mode squeezed states in quantum optics, where both photons are observable,...
118506228
Radial effects in the symmetric quark model
SummaryEffects of the radial wave function are studied for the nonstrange baryons in the symmetric quark model. Rotational energy levels are calculated and are found to be in agreement with the energy levels in the observed baryonic mass spectra. Relativistic perturbative effects which vanish in the large-quark-mass limit are also calculated. The lower bound on the quark mass is found to be approximately 1.5 GeV.RiassuntoSi studiano gli effetti della funzione d'onda radiale per barioni non strani nel modello. a quark simmetrico. Si calcolano i livelli d'energia rotazionali e si trova che essi concordano con i livelli d'energia negli spettri delle masse barioniche osservati. Si calcolano anche effetti perturbative relativistici che tendono a zero nel limite della grande massa dei quark. Si trova che il limite inferiore della massa dei quark è circa 1.5 GeV.РезюмеВ симметричной кварковой модели исследуются эффекты радиальной волновой функции для нестранных барионов. Вычисляются ротационные уровни энергии. Вычисленные уровни энергии хогошо согласуются с уровнями энергии в наблюденных спектрах барионных масс. Также оцениваются релятивистские пертурбационные эффекты, которые исчезают в пределе большой массы кварка. Найдена нижняя граница для мварка, которая приблизительно составляет 1.5 ГэВ.
55217395
DESIGN OF INJECTION AND EXTRACTION BEAMLINES FOR THE ALPHA PROJECT
The ALPHA facility consists of an electron linac and an electron storage ring to provide uniform intense beams for radiation test, and it has a potential to be a future X-Ray source. The ring uses four dipoles from the Cooler Injection Synchrotron (CIS) [1], which was constructed for proton acceleration from 7 MeV to 240 MeV. The circumference of the ALPHA storage ring is 20 m, and its lattice has an adjustible momentum compaction factor by changing the field strength of a pair of gradient damping wigglers [2]. For the proof of working principles, we use a refurbished 20 MeV CLINAC as the injector. The CLINAC will be upgraded to a 50 MeV linac by the end of 2011. Two operation modes (debunching and accumulation modes) [3] are currently planned for the ALPHA facility. For the debunching mode, two magnetic kickers are located at symmetric positions with respect to the Lambertson magnet. When the magnetic kickers are turned at 24 mrad, the closed orbit of the storage ring passes through the Lambertson magnet, and thus the injected beam is extracted in a single pass. In this case, the storage ring can be considered as a big α– magnet for debunching. For the beam accumulation mode, the magnetic kicker’s power supply is designed to have 500 ns decay time (beam revolution time in ring is 66 ns). The closed orbit is gradually moved back to designed orbit during injection so that multi-turn accumulation can be achieved in this way. In this paper, we describe the design concepts of the injection and extraction beamlines to maximize beam transport and to satisfy desired beam properties.