40993420
Heuristic Walkthroughs Evaluation of Pen-Based Chinese Word Edit System (PCWES) Usability
An evaluation experiment was conducted to compare four interface styles: Hanwang Fixed Window, Translucent Mobile Single Window, Translucent Mobile Double Window, and No Window. Subjects tested the four styles on a pen_based word edit system in free-form mode. The result shows that traditional interface style of the Hanwang Fix Window didn't satisfy the requirement of the nature interaction of the end user. And the TMDW mode are very suitable for user to perform the word processing task, in terms of the task performing time and mean accuracy rate. And the NW is the most nature and promising style, in terms of the subjective preference and the error rate of the performing time and accuracy rate of the experimental data. The experiment also shows that the moving window would influent the accuracy rate of the recognition. This experiment confirmed that a proper employment of interface style could improve the interactive efficiency of word editing systems. Also we give out some useful interface hints to improve the performance of the interface. Our tests for the first time give statistical support to the view that free pen_based interface is meaningful in the nature pen and gesture input of the word edit system.
44498059
Penbuilder: Platform for the Development of Pen-Based User Interface
Pen-based user interfaces is widely used in mobile computing environment, which provides natural, efficient interaction. It has substantial differences from any previous interface and it is difficult to be implemented. A well-designed platform will improve the development of pen-based user interface. In this paper, the architecture of Pen-Book-Page-Paper is presented, which is extended from the metaphor of Pen-Paper. Penbuilder is a development platform based on this architecture. Pen-based user interface can be constructed from three layers of Penbuilder: modal-primitive layer, task-primitive layer and task layer. Each layer provides different extent supports for flexibility and reusability. The components of the platform are discussed in detail and some properties of the platform are argued. Penbuilder is also compliant for the development of distributed user interface. In the section of discussion, we analyze the platform through task tree. The platform provides full supports for extensibility and new interactive devices can be easily added.
5419727
Sketching informal presentations
Informal presentations are a lightweight means for fast and convenient communication of ideas. People communicate their ideas to others on paper and whiteboards, which afford fluid sketching of graphs, words and other expressive symbols. Unlike existing authoring tools that are designed for formal presentations, we created SketchPoint to help presenters design informal presentations via freeform sketching. In SketchPoint, presenters can quickly author presentations by sketching slide content, overall hierarchical structures and hyperlinks. To facilitate the transition from idea capture to communication, a note-taking workspace was built for accumulating ideas and sketching presentation outlines. Informal feedback showed that SketchPoint is a promising tool for idea communication.
8622581
BrickRoad: a light-weight tool for spontaneous design of location-enhanced applications
It is difficult to design and test location-enhancedapplications. A large part of this difficulty is due to the added complexity of supporting location. Wizard of Oz (WOz) has become an effective technique for the early stage design of location-enhanced applications because it allows designers to test an application prototype bysimulating nonexistent components such as location sensing. However, existing WOz tools 1) require nontrivial effort from designers to specify how a prototype should behave before it can be tested with end users, and 2)support only limited control over application behavior during a test. BrickRoad is a WOz tool for spontaneousdesign of location-enhanced applications. It lowers the threshold to acquiring user feedback and exploring a design space. With BrickRoad, a designer does not need to specify any interaction logic and can experiment on-the-fly with different designs during testing. BrickRoad is a valuable complement to existing tool support for the early stage design of location-enhanced applications.
3968249
Topiary: a tool for prototyping location-enhanced applications
Location-enhanced applications use the location of people, places, and things to augment or streamline interaction. Location-enhanced applications are just starting to emerge in several different domains, and many people believe that this type of application will experience tremendous growth in the near future. However, it currently requires a high level of technical expertise to build location-enhanced applications, making it hard to iterate on designs. To address this problem we introduce Topiary, a tool for rapidly prototyping location-enhanced applications. Topiary lets designers create a map that models the location of people, places, and things; use this active map to demonstrate scenarios depicting location contexts; use these scenarios in creating storyboards that describe interaction sequences; and then run these storyboards on mobile devices, with a wizard updating the location of people and things on a separate device. We performed an informal evaluation with seven researchers and interface designers and found that they reacted positively to the concept.
3890576
Design and experimental analysis of continuous location tracking techniques for Wizard of Oz testing
Wizard of Oz (WOz) testing has shown promise as an effective way to test location-enhanced applications. However, it is challenging to conduct a location-based WOz test because of the dynamic nature of target settings in the field. In particular, continuous location tracking, a major task in such a test, requires a wizard to frequently update a user's location to simulate a location system. This imposes a heavy task load on a wizard. To ease wizards' tasks for location tracking, we designed two techniques, Directional Crossing and Steering, and conducted a field experiment to investigate the performance of the two techniques. A quantitative analysis shows that Directional Crossing and Steering significantly lowered a wizard's task load for location tracking without sacrificing accuracy.
10585568
Deriving Private Information from Perturbed Data Using IQR Based Approach
Several randomized techniques have been proposed for privacy preserving data mining of continuous data. These approaches generally attempt to hide the sensitive data by randomly modifying the data values using some additive noise and aim to reconstruct the original distribution closely at an aggregate level. However, one challenge here is whether the reconstructed distribution can be exploited by attackers or snoopers to derive sensitive individual data. This paper presents one simple attack using Inter-Quantile Range on reconstructed distribution. The experimental results show that current random perturbation-based privacy preserving data mining techniques may need a careful scrutiny in order to prevent privacy breaches through this model based inference.
1095698
DaNaLIX: a domain-adaptive natural language interface for querying XML
We present DaNaLIX, a prototype domain-adaptive natural language interface for querying XML. Our system is an extension of NaLIX, a generic natural language interface for querying XML. While retaining the portability of a purely generic system like NaLIX, DaNaLIX can exploit domain knowledge, whenever available, to its advantage for query translation. More importantly, in DaNaLIX such domain knowledge does not have to be pre-defined; instead it can be automatically obtained from the interactions between a user and the system. In this demonstration, we describe the overall architecture of DaNaLIX. We also demonstrate how a generic system like DaNaLIX can take advantage of domain knowledge to improve its usability and query translation accuracy. In addition, we show DaNaLIX still possesses the portability of a generic system by using data collections from three different domains. Finally, we present how domain knowledge can be obtained through user interactions in an automatic fashion.
21618923
Meaning and precision of adaptive fuzzy systems with Gaussian-type membership functions
Fuzzy systems are unique in that they possess both linguistic input/output descriptions (the fuzzy if then rules) and numerical input/output descriptions (the input/output functions they implement). Adaptive fuzzy systems, also known as neural fuzzy systems, learn the functions they implement through training with numerical data. Precision--evaluated by the mean square error--has been the most important performance index. The linguistic meanings of the fuzzy if-then rules appear to be insignificant for adaptive fuzzy systems. We show that the linguistic meanings of system parameters can be used to set better initial values, thus reduce the mean square error. On the other hand, for adaptive fuzzy systems with Gaussian-type membership functions, there exist a trade-off between how meaningful the fuzzy if-then rules are and how precise the implemented function is. The fuzzy if-then rules may fail to provide a coarse description of the input/output function after training even when the mean square error is small. We propose a "mean square distance" that measures the meaning of the fuzzy system in terms of the discrepancy between the fuzzy if-then rules and the implemented numerical function. Performance of adaptive fuzzy systems are evaluated using both the mean square error (precision) and the mean square distance (meaning) in time series prediction experiments with Mackey Glass and Box Jenkins data. The effects of weight adaptation methods and varying Gaussian widths are studied. Adaptive fuzzy systems with Gaussian-type membership functions that perform well in precision (have small mean square error) may not have meaningful fuzzy if-then rules anymore.
9099317
String extraction from color airline coupon image using statistical approach
A novel technique is presented in this paper to extract strings in color images of both business settlement plan (BSP) and non-BSP airline coupon. The essential concept is to remove non-text pixels from complex coupon images, rather than extract strings directly. First we transfer color images from RGB to HSV space, which is approximate uniformed, and then remove the black component of images using the property of HSV space. A statistical approach called principal components analysis (PCA) is applied to extract strings by removing the background decorative pattern based on priori environment. Finally, a method to validate and improve performance is present.
43234278
A Ramsey Goodness Result for Graphs with Many Pendant Edges