Sleep and wakefulness in c-fos and fos B gene knockout mice.
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation has been implicated in the regulation of sleep. Upon stimulation of a GPCR an intracellular cascade involving second and third messengers is initiated. The latter include the fos-family of immediate early genes (IEGs). Although there is considerable evidence indicating that IEGs are expressed in response to sleep, the effects of their deletion on sleep is not known. The present study examined sleep-wakefulness in mice lacking the c-fos or fos B genes. Null c-fos mice compared to their wildtype (WT) and heterozygote (het) siblings had more wakefulness and less slow wave sleep (SWS); REM sleep was not affected. The null c-fos mice also had increased delta activity (0.3-4 Hz). In contrast, the null and heterozygote fos B mice had less REM sleep, but the time spent in SWS or wakefulness was not different from their wild-type (WT) siblings. In the null c-fos mice, the increased wakefulness and the reduction in SWS could not be due to a systemic alteration in temperature since the core temperature was similar in all mice. By demonstrating that these IEGs are involved in sleep, we suggest that the deletion of specific genes, even within a family of genes, can have a specific effect on sleep.