COX-2 Inhibition Antagonizes Intra-accumbens 2-Arachidonoylglycerol-Mediated Reduction of Ethanol Self-Administration in Rats.
BACKGROUND
Ethanol self-administration is particularly sensitive to modulation of CB1 signaling in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell and ethanol consumption increases extracellular levels of the endogenous cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) in this brain region. Stimulation of CB1 receptor with agonists increases ethanol consumption, suggesting that ethanol-induced increases in 2-AG might sustain motivation for ethanol intake.


METHODS
In order to further explore this hypothesis, we analyzed the alterations in operant ethanol self-administration induced by intra-NAc shell infusions of 2-AG itself, the CB1 inverse agonist SR141716A, the 2-AG clearance inhibitor URB602, anandamide and the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor Nimesulide.


RESULTS
Surprisingly, self-administration of 10% ethanol was dose-dependently reduced by either intra-NAc shell SR141716A or 2-AG infusions. Similar effects were found by intra-NAc shell infusions of URB602, suggesting again a role for accumbal 2-AG on the modulation of ethanol intake. Intra-NAc shell anandamide did not alter ethanol self-administration, pointing to a specific role for 2-AG in the modulation of ethanol self-administration. Finally, the inhibitory effect of intra-NAc shell 2-AG on ethanol intake was significantly reversed by pretreatment with Nimesulide, suggesting that oxidative metabolites of 2-AG might mediate these inhibitory effects on operant self-administration.


CONCLUSIONS
We propose that 2-AG signaling in the NAc exerts an inhibitory influence on ethanol consumption through a non-CB1 receptor mechanism involving the COX-2 pathway.