Effect of imazaquin applications on the growth, leaf chlorophyll and yield of soybean in the Guinea Savanna of Nigeria
Abstract Field trials were conducted during the wet seasons of 1989, 1991, 1994 and 1995 to evaluate the effects of pre‐emergence and post‐emergence applications of four rates of imazaquin (0.00; 0.15; 0.30 and 0.45kg a.i/ha) on the growth, leaf chlorophyll types and grain yield of soybean c.v. SAMSOY 2. Imazaquin applications had no significant effect on the growth of soybean roots on most of the sampling dates, but pre‐and post‐emergence applications of imazaquin at 0.30 and 0.45kg a.i/ha reduced soybean root nodules at 5 and 7 weeks after planting (WAP). Soybean shoot growth was generally reduced at 5WAP by the pre‐emergence and at 7WAP by the higher rates (0.30 & 0.45kg a.i/ha) of post‐emergence application of imazaquin. Pre‐and post‐emergence applications of imazaquin showed a strong tendency to reduce the concentration of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll at at 3 and 5WAP respectively. The concentrations of chlorophyll types in soybean leaves at 9WAP was generally comparable among most treatments especially in 1991. Whole plant fresh weight of soybean at 7WAP was reduced by all rates of post‐emergence application of imazaquin. However, there was no significant difference in the whole plant dry weight of soybean at 3 to 7 WAP in 1989 and at 3, 5 and 9WAP in 1991. In each trial, pre‐and post‐emergence applications of soybean significantly increased the grain yield of soybean compared with the control treatment. This study showed that, inhibition of soybean shoot growth and leaf chlorophyll concentration was transient and that soybean plants require about 6 weeks for complete recovery from imazaquin phytotoxicity.