From Previous Epistemologies to Current Epistemologies: Usage of Deep learning and Surface Learning at Universities.
The main aim of this article is to understand and improve teaching and learning standard. This will be explored using the factors that encourage a surface approach to learning and to focus on factors that encourage a deep approach to learning. Currently there is a changing trend around the globe in teaching and improving learning, there are changing epistemologies and ontologies in teaching and learning. There are also personal approaches to learning. The above factors can be explained into two phrases (1). Today there is pedagogy of difference. (2) Today there are differences in modern epistemology from previous ones used in general educational setting, e.g, materials and methods, assessment procedures, theories and applications, the course ethos and relationships between teachers and students. The pedagogy of difference can be differences of epistemologies in improving teaching and learning. In this study the golden thread is based on deep and surface learning as well as their applications. This study value itself in understanding the deep learning approach as a valuable basis in creating knowledge. From the author’s perspective Keywords: Epistemology, deep learning approach, surface learning approach