Dynamic adaptive X-ray optics. Part I. Time-resolved optical metrology investigation of the bending behaviour of piezoelectric bimorph deformable X-ray mirrors
The time-domain bending behaviour of piezoelectric bimorph deformable X-ray mirrors for use at synchrotron and X-ray free-electron laser sources is investigated for the first time using high-speed Fizeau interferometry. It is demonstrated that several hardware and software innovations enable the optical surface of such mirrors to be rapidly tuned and stabilized on the nanometre scale within only a few seconds.