Efficiency of the production of γ families with halos and the fraction of protons at an energy of 1016 eV
Abstractγ Families with halos detected in the “Pamir” experiment have been analyzed. Comparison of the experimental data with the results of calculation within the quark-gluon string model (MC0 code) made it possible to determine the efficiency of halo formation by protons, α particles, and heavy nuclei, as well as the fraction of protons in the mass composition of primary cosmic rays at an energy of 1016 eV. It is shown that halos are formed predominantly by protons. The fraction of protons in the mass composition of primary cosmic rays at an energy of 1016 eV is 20%.