Comparison of Time-Domain Impedance Boundary Conditions for Lined Duct Flows
impedance of liners. This part of the model, however, is limited to single frequency sound source in its present form. The EHR is based on the z‐transformation of the corresponding impedance function for the Extended Helmholtz Resonator in the frequency‐domain. The implementations of the two models in the numerical simulation tool with the DRP scheme are discussed in details. The results from the both models in general agree notably well with each other. However, in one case, the results from the two models dier significantly due to the presence of strongly attenuated modes, which renders the approximations of the EFI invalid. The validation and verification of both models are carried out for the latest NASA impedance tube experiment and the generic aero‐engine frequency domain results of Rienstra and Eversman. In addition, an impedance eduction technique based on the EHR and the optimization process has been developed. This further extends applications of the time‐domain models. The simultaneous optimization of all frequencies considered in the NASA’s impedance tube experiments results in a physically reasonable set of parameters for the EHR. The fitted terminal impedances and the measured mean flow profiles are used for the impedance eduction. The numerical results of both models for the generic aero‐engine inlet test case with higher azimuthal modes also compare well if the same flow assumptions and eigenvalues are used as for the frequency domain methods. Overall both models give a similar physical behavior, but the EHR requires smaller time steps in the case of small face sheet reactances.