Resurrecting Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory: an Implication to the University Teachers
Herzberg (1959) identified two factors namely; Hygiene and Motivator, which is widely used to measure job satisfaction of employees in the work place. Hygiene factors include company (reworded as university) policy and administration, supervision, interpersonal relationship, salary, working conditions, personal life, status and security, while Motivator factors are represented by opportunities for advancement (promotion), achievement, responsibility, recognition, Growth and value of work itself. Objectives of the study were to find out the job satisfaction and motivational level of university teachers regarding the Hygiene and Motivator factors as identified by Herzberg and to find out the effect of fulfillment of Hygiene and Motivator factors on motivation of university teachers. The population comprised all university teachers who were working in public sector universities in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (Pakistan). A sample of 300 university teachers was selected from four sampled universities using proportional allocation technique. On the basis of theoretical framework of Herzberg, A self developed questionnaire comprising two parts was used as an instrument. Mean, Standard Deviation and simple linear Regression were used as statistical methods for data analysis. The findings of the study revealed that university teachers were satisfied with both Hygiene and Motivator factors while university teachers’ motivation is more dependent on the fulfillment of Hygiene factors. It was concluded that the university teachers were well pleased with the fulfillment of Hygiene factors and consider them a source of job satisfaction as well as motivation. It was recommended that administrators and management may give due consideration to the fulfillment of Hygiene factors of the university teachers to improve their performance.