Long-term intellectual dysfunction following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a six month follow-up study.
As part of a prospective study of neurological and neuropsychological complications of coronary bypass surgery, 259 patients underwent psychometric assessment before operation and at seven days and six months after operation using a battery of 10 standard tests of intellectual function. This report describes the natural history of intellectual dysfunction soon after surgery and the incidence and functional impact of late neuropsychological impairment. The mean neuropsychological scores for the whole group remained unchanged or improved compared with levels before operation for the majority of the 10 tests. Analysis of the test scores for individuals showed that 147 of 259 (57 per cent) patients showed deterioration on at least one test score at six months. The degree of impairment was usually mild. One hundred and thirty of the 147 patients showed mild cognitive dysfunction (score deterioration on one or two tests) and only 17 patients had moderate or severe impairment (score deterioration on three or more tests). Detectable neuropsychological deterioration at six months often did not matter to the patient in functional terms. Seventy-one per cent of these patients had no significant symptoms; 27 per cent had minor symptoms and only 2 per cent were seriously disabled. Of the patients unemployed at six months, in only one case was intellectual impairment the factor preventing return to work. A search for possible predisposing factors for long-term intellectual dysfunction was made using a multivariate analysis of 91 variables for each patient. Cardiac failure before surgery and global impairment of left ventricular function were the only factors showing significant correlation.