Sex hormones and cause-specific mortality in the male veterans: the Vietnam Experience Study.
BACKGROUND
Testosterone levels have been linked to life expectancy in men, less is known about the sex hormones follicular stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.


AIM
To examine the association of testosterone, follicular stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone with mortality.


DESIGN
Prospective cohort analysis.


METHODS
Participants were 4255 Vietnam-era US army veterans with a mean age of 38.3 years. From military service files, telephone interviews and a medical examination, socio-demographic and health data were collected. Contemporary morning fasted hormone concentrations were determined. All-cause, cardiovascular, cancer, external and 'other' cause mortality was ascertained over the subsequent 15 years. Hazard ratios were calculated, first with adjustment for age and then, additionally, for a range of confounders.


RESULTS
Individuals within the highest tertiles of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were at increased risk of all-cause mortality following adjustment for a range of risk factors. However, with mutual adjustment, neither FSH nor LH significantly predicted mortality. Testosterone levels did not show an association with all-cause mortality, and none of the hormones were significantly associated with CVD, cancer, 'other' or external-cause mortality in fully adjusted models.


CONCLUSION
Greater FSH and LH levels are associated with all-cause mortality, but not independently of one another.