The environmental footprint of academic and student mobility in a large research-oriented university
Academic mobility for field work, research dissemination and global outreach is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to the overall environmental footprint of research institutions. Student mobility, while less studied, also contributes to universities' environmental footprint. Universite de Montreal (UdeM) is the largest university in Montreal, Canada. It has a research budget of 450M$, employs 1426 full-time professors, and has a total student population of 33,125 undergraduate and 12,505 graduate students. To assess the footprint of academic mobility at UdeM, we surveyed the research community (n = 703; including professors, research professionals and graduate students) about their travel habits. We also measured the contribution from travel undertaken by sports teams and international students as well as students engaged in study abroad and internships programs using data provided by the university. While the average distance travelled for work and research purposes by the UdeM community is around 8525 km/person, professors travel more than 33,000 km/person per year. We also estimated that the 5785 international students or students enrolled in study abroad programs travel annually around 12,600 km/person. UdeM's per capita annual travel-related C and N footprints vary, with international students generating for example 3.85 T CO2 and 0.53 kg N while professors generate 10.76 T CO2 and 2.19 kg N. Air travel emissions are the main contributors to these footprints. We provide insights into the distribution of travel-related environmental footprint within the university, the main reasons for traveling, the most frequent destinations, and the factors preventing researchers from reducing their travel-related environmental impact.