2D arrays of Josephson nanocontacts and nanogranular superconductors
By introducing a realistic model of nanogranular superconductors (NGS) based on 2D arrays of Josephson nanocontacts (created by a network of twin-boundary dislocations with strain fields acting as insulating barriers between hole-rich domains), in this Chapter we present some novel phenomena related to mechanical, magnetic, electric and transport properties of NGS in underdoped single crystals. In particular, we consider chemically induced magnetoelectric effects and flux driven temperature oscillations of thermal expansion coefficient. We also predict a giant enhancement of the nonlinear thermal conductivity of NGS reaching up to 500% when the intrinsically induced chemoelectric field (created by the gradient of the chemical potential due to segregation of hole producing oxygen vacancies) closely matches the externally produced thermoelectric field. The estimates of the model parameters suggest quite an optimistic possibility to experimentally realize these promising and important for applications effects in non-stoichiometric NGS and artificially prepared arrays of Josephson nanocontacts.