The institutional diffusion of graduate school in Europe and its structure-function analysis
With the expansion of doctoral education,the institution of graduate school originated from U.S began to diffuse in European countries from 1980s.In the process of institutional diffusion,European countries have established graduate school systems which have heterogeneity in structure and function.Nevertheless,there exists obvious homogeneity in macro level.The establishment and development of graduate school in Europe,to some extend,not only improve the performance of doctoral education,but create academic training environment that facilitate international,trans-institutional and interdisciplinary cooperation,which signify the structuring of doctoral program.Doctoral education reform in China should follow this way,strengthening the coordination function of graduate school in the organization and management of doctoral education,and playing a key role in institutionalization of academic training and internationalization of doctoral education.