The Role of Job Embeddedness on Quality of Work Life and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Study on Menoufia University Hospitals
Background: Currently, healthy organizations such as hospitals have found out the importance of Quality of Work Life (QWL) of their personnel. QWL is directed to enhancement of job satisfaction and improvement of services quality to patient hospital and high performance. Purpose: Job Embeddedness (JE) is one of constructs that contribute to the formation and increasing of QWL. Thus this study investigates the effect of JE on QWL and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) at Menoufia University Hospitals. Research Design/Methodology: To assess positive JE (JE Questionnaire, Mitchell et al., 2001), QWL (QWL Survey Seashore et al., 1983; Cammann et al., 1983; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2002), OCB (OCB Questionnaire Podsakoff, 1990;  Konovsky & Pugh, 1994; and Konovsky & Organ, 1996) are used. Out of the 338 questionnaires that were distributed, 315 usable questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 93%. Findings: It has been paid to how JE factors such as fit, links and sacrifice have an impact on QWL and OCB. In other words, fit, links and sacrifice significantly correlated with QWL and OCB. The study findings support the view that JE, QWL, and OCB are related constructs. Practical implications: The study suggests that the Menoufia University Hospitals in Egypt can improve QWL by influencing its JE, specifically, by developing fit, links and sacrifice. The study provided that it is necessary to pay more attention to the dimensions of JE as a key source for organizations to enhance the competitive advantage which is of prime significance for QWL and OCB. Originality/value: JE is valuable for evaluating employee retention at Menoufia University Hospitals in Egypt. The study observes that there is a critical shortage of JE and that a greater understanding of the factors that influence the QWL and OCB, including fit, links and sacrifice, is of great importance. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between JE, QWL and OCB among employees at Menoufia University Hospitals in Egypt.