1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reactions of ylides formed from pyridines and dichlorocarbene
Pyridinium dichloromethylides, generated from substituted pyridines and dichlorocarbene, react endo-stereoselectively with dimethyl maleate to give substituted 3,3-dichloro-1,2,3,8a-tetrahydroindolizine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl esters; the latter compounds are readily dehydrochlorinated and dehydrogenated to give the corresponding indolizine derivatives. Reaction of 3-substituted pyridines with dichlorocarbene and dimethyl maleate leads predominantly to the formation of 8-substituted indolizines. Cycloaddition of 4-picolinium dichloromethylide to unsymmetrical dipolarophiles occurs regioselectively. The observed selectivity in these reactions is consistent with predictions made on the basis of PMO theory.