Effects of therapy with soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor fusion protein on pulmonary cytokine expression and lung injury following haemorrhage and resuscitation
Acute lung injury frequently develops following haemorrhage, and is characterized by increased proinflammatory cytokine levels and massive neutrophil accumulation in the lung. Blood loss produces rapid increases in tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) mRNA expression among pulmonary cell populations which precede the development of lung injury. In order to examine the role of TNP‐α in producing acute inflammatory lung injury, we treated mice following haemorrhage and resuscitation with a TNF antagonist, composed of soluble dimeric human p80 TNF receptor linked to the Fc region of human IgG1 (sTNFR:Fc). Therapy with sTNFR:Fc prevented the post‐haemorrhage increases in circulating and pulmonary TNF‐α levels normally found following blood loss. Administration of sTNFR:Fc also diminished the increase in IL‐1/β, IL–6, TNF‐α and interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) mRNA normally found in the lungs following haemorrhage. However, therapy with sTNFR:Fc was not associated with improvement in the histologic parameters of post‐haemorrhage lung injury, such as neutrophil infiltration and interstitial oedema. In contrast lo the effects of sTNFR:Fc on cytokine mRNA levels among intraparenchymal pulmonary mononuclear cells, such therapy following haemorrhage was associated with increased amounts of mRNA for TNF‐α among peripheral blood mononuclear cells, as well as increased IFN‐γ titres in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens. These results indicate that therapy with sTNFR:Fc in the post‐haemorrhage period, although capable of decreasing proinflammatory cytokine expression in the lungs, does not prevent the development of acute lung injury in this setting.