A brief, multidimensional, problem-solving psychotherapy outcome measure.
This article provides a test of an application of M. Zeidner and D. Saklofske's (1996) adaptive model of coping to counseling through the development of a brief multidimensional outcome measure for psychotherapy that specifically examines clients' resolution of their presenting problems. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed 4 primary factors, all reflecting different components of clients' problem resolution: (a) Problem-Solving Strategies, (b) Problem-Solving Self-Efficacy, (c) Problem Impact on Daily Functioning, and (d) General Satisfaction With Therapy. Descriptive statistics, normative information, and reliability and validity estimates suggest that the Problem Resolution Outcome Survey has promise as an effective psychotherapy outcome measure. The results support the application of Zeidner and Saklofske's adaptive model of coping to the therapy process, as well as the utility of problem-solvi ng constructs within psychotherapy outcome research. In 1965, Krumboltz maintained that the central reason for the early existence of the applied counseling and clinical professions was that clients need professional assistance for troublesome problems they have not been able to resolve on their own. Sixteen years later, in defining counseling psychology, Fretz (1982) reiterated that counseling aims to increase clients' ability to solve problems and make decisions. In essence, problem solving has been repeatedly conceptualized as central to psychotherapy for decades (e.g., D'Zurilla & Goldfried, 1971; Heppner, 1978; Horan, 1979; Urban & Ford, 1971). Regardless of theoretical orientation, the common goal and thus outcome of psychotherapy can be conceptualized as helping clients to more effectively resolve their concerns or problems (e.g., Heppner & Krauskopf, 1987).