Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Association with Obesityand Type 2 Diabetes
Introduction: Obesity is a state of excess adipose tissue mass. It can be calculated by BMI or waist circumference. Waist circumference more than 88cm in female and 102cm in males make them overweight and these overweight increases 2.9 times the risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes. The antioxidant enzymes SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels are assayed in these overwight and risk category (gentic risk). Materials & Methods: 25 obese and overweight are included with age matched controls who came to chalmeda anadrao institute of medical sciences hospital. The Fasting blood glucose (FBS), lipid profile, SOD, MDA levels are measured. Results: The mean ± SD values of FBS of samples with history of diabetes (146.3 ± 11.68) and without history of diabetes (95 ± 4.02) compared to controls are (88.33 ± 6.78) which is significant with p<0.001. The antioxidant enzyme levels in controls and samples are SOD mean ± SD samples (50 ± 4.96) controls (100 ± 4.62), MDA samples are (619.12 ± 0.91) controls (240.4 ± 1.14). The comparison of lipid profile of samples with controls are also significant with p value <0.001. Discussion: In normal healthy condition there is always redox homeostasis occurring in cell, any imbalance to this redox homeostasis leads to oxidative stress (OS). OS leads to overproduction of ROS and impairs antioxidant defense mechanism. Increased metabolic and mechanical load on myocardium, large body mass, nutritious diet leads to formation of lipid peroxidation, freeradical and reactive oxygen species generation which inturn impairs insulin receptors functioning leads to insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: From this study we conclude that regular physical activity, diet restriction, and early assessment of SOD, MDA levels we can prolong the complications of type 2 diabetes.