[SNAP-25 and DTNBP1 as candidate genes for cognitive reserve in schizophrenia].
Cognitive reserve (CR) postulates that individual differences in the cognitive processes or neural networks underlying task performance allow some people to cope better than others with brain damage. An aim of the study was to search for candidate genes for CR in schizophrenia. We propose that higher frequencies of low risk alleles is observed in healthy relatives of schizophrenic patients compared to patients and controls and in patients without neurocognitive deficit and with less severity of the disease compared to other patients and controls. Besides, frequencies of these alleles in patients should be similar to those in general population. Authors studied SNAP-25 and DTNBP1 genes. The polymorphism T1065G of SNAP-25 was genotyped in 278 patients with schizophrenia, 126 their relatives and 207 controls and the polymorphism P1763 of DTNBP1 was genotyped in 202 patients, 229 relatives and 262 controls. There was a trend towards the increase in the frequency of an G allele of SNAP-25 in siblings of patients. The frequency of this allele was higher in patients without neurocognitive deficit compared to patients with cognitive deficit (p=0.003) and controls (p=0.002). The allele was associated with index of cognitive functioning in patients (p=0.012) and controls (p=0.006) and with the severity of negative symptoms in patients (p=0.023). At the same time, the polymorphism T1065G was not associated with schizophrenia. Therefore, an allele G may be considered as a marker for higher CR.