The Reluctant Planner: Faculty in Institutional Planning.
Today higher education faces unprecedented challenges. At various times it has been confronted with student demonstrations, fiscal crises, faculty discontent, legislative interference, community uneasiness, social, political, and technological change, domestic tensions, and international conflicts. But probably at no other time have we witnessed the simultaneous and intensive impingement of all these forces on higher education. Three substantively different but overlapping "crises" can be identified which summarize many of these pressures. First, the new commitment to universal higher education created a quantitative crisis which began in the i950's and still persists today, although the rate of expansion is slower. For example, between i958 and i968 more than 3.5 million new students entered institutions of higher learning, an expansion greater than that achieved in the preceding three hundred years. As a result, we are now on the threshold of a fiscal crisis.