Organic Molecules and Water in the Inner Disks of T Tauri Stars
We report high signal-to-noise Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra of a sample of 11 classical T Tauri stars. Molecular emission from rotational transitions of H{sub 2}O and OH and rovibrational bands of simple organic molecules (CO{sub 2}, HCN, C{sub 2}H{sub 2}) is common among the sources in the sample. The emission shows a range in both flux and line-to-continuum ratio for each molecule and in the flux ratios of different molecular species. The gas temperatures (200-800 K) and emitting areas we derive are consistent with the emission originating in a warm disk atmosphere in the inner planet formation region at radii <2 AU. The H{sub 2}O emission appears to form under a limited range of excitation conditions, as demonstrated by the similarity in relative strengths of H{sub 2}O features from star to star and the narrow range in derived temperature and column density. Emission from highly excited rotational levels of OH is present in all stars; the OH emission flux increases with the stellar accretion rate, and the OH/H{sub 2}O flux ratio shows a relatively small scatter. We interpret these results as evidence for OH production via FUV photodissociation of H{sub 2}O in the disk surface layers. No obvious explanation ismore » found for the observed range in the relative emission strengths of different organic molecules or in their strength with respect to water. We put forward the possibility that these variations reflect a diversity in organic abundances due to star-to-star differences in the C/O ratio of the inner disk gas. Stars with the largest HCN/H{sub 2}O flux ratios in our sample have the largest disk masses. While larger samples are required to confirm this, we speculate that such a trend could result if higher mass disks are more efficient at planetesimal formation and sequestration of water in the outer disk, leading to enhanced C/O ratios and abundances of organic molecules in the inner disk. A comparison of our derived HCN-to-H{sub 2}O column density ratio to comets, hot cores, and outer T Tauri star disks suggests that the inner disks are chemically active.« less