Multi-hop Topology Control Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Topology control is one of the most important research directions in wireless sensor networks. It is also a key to user node energy efficiently, improve network connectivity and robustness, increase network throughput and extend lifetime of the whole network. In this paper, a Multi-hop Topology Control Algorithm, called MTC, was proposed for wireless sensor networks. The core of MTC has two parts as following. Firstly, a topology control algorithm based on Virtual Grid (TCVG) was presented, which takes the residual energy of nodes in consideration for selecting cluster-heads in virtual grids so that the node with most residual energy would become cluster-head. In this algorithm, cluster-head uses single-hop to communicate with sink. By simulation it has verified the TCVG algorithm having more obviously improvement on the network performance, comparing with the algorithm for GAF. Secondly, the algorithm of the TCVG algorithm is improved in cluster data transmission phase after the cluster heads are selected, called MTC, which can be used multi-hop in large scale. In the algorithm, it makes the equal distributed cluster-heads of the network into constructing a routing tree by means of the multi-hop transmission way so that this may reduce the number of cluster head nodes, when it communicates directly the base station (BS). In this algorithm, all nodes are homogeneous and have the same initial state; they are distributed according to certain rules in the monitoring area. The same as former algorithm, this algorithm also divides the entire network into several virtual grids. The topology generation process uses the lowest communicating cost path. When finishing the topology generation, the entire network becomes a spanning tree with lowest consumption. Using Heteropic distribution of sensors solves the hot spot problem efficiently, ensures the network connectivity, and finally achieves an efficient topology control.