Diffusion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms: a pulsed field gradient NMR study.
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm is studied with pulsed field gradient echo nuclear magnetic resonance. Although not all spectral components are assigned yet, the experimental results show that a biofilm consists of components with very different diffusion coefficients. The various biofilm components that give motionally narrowed 1H NMR signals, can be grouped into five classes with diffusion coefficients, ranging from 2 x 10(-9) to 1 x 10(-13) m2 s-1. Investigation of the diffusion behavior of water in the biofilm shows three fractions with different diffusion coefficients. Besides the highly mobile bulk water at least two other fractions with much lower diffusion coefficients are detected. It is shown that one of the fractions with the low diffusion coefficient probably arises from intracellular water. Also for another component of the biofilm, glycerol, three fractions with diffusion coefficients that differ more than a factor ten are detected. Also a group of signals exists which result from practically immobile components.