Investigations on procedures of the fabrication of barium titanate ceramic films under hydrothermal–electrochemical conditions
Abstract The breakdown of titanium oxide films anodically grown on Ti electrode under galvanostatic control in 0.5 M KOH solution by a hydrothermal–electrochemical method at the temperature of 150°C has been investigated. The breakdown of titanium oxide films play an important role in the formation of barium titanate (BT) film. The kinetic studies on barium titanate films hydrothermal–electrochemically fabricated in 0.25 M Ba(OH) 2 solution at 150°C show that the BT films could grow on both the Ti-oxide/BT interface and the BT/solution interface. AFM images show that the morphology and grain size of the BT films mainly depends on the dissolution–recrystallization process of the BT film. A schematic procedures have been proposed to interpret the mechanism of the BT formation extensively.