New regulations in Chilean Fisheries and Aquaculture: ITQ’s and Territorial Users Rights☆
Abstract The large industrial fishery development that turn Chile into the third fishing nation in the world is described, and recent regulatory innovations introduced by new Fishery and Aquaculture legislation are reviewed. In addition to classical Fishery management tools, different types of limited entry systems are now defined in the law and applicable to Chilean fisherie. These for the first time include allocation of resources in the form of Individual Fishing Quotas and Individual Transferable Quotas (IFQs and ITQs). Territorial User’s Rights in Fisheries (TURF’s) were incorporated in the law to enhance self-regulatory practices among artisanal fishermen. Among them, the Areas for Management and Exploitation for Benthic Resources (AME) represent an associative assignment of TURFs. Large-scale zoning is used to re-define Aquaculture Grants and to ritualise the conflicts between Artisanal and Industrial fishermen by establishing the Artisanal Reserve in which small-scale coastal fishermen have Priority Access. Performance of the new management instruments are documented with case studies, for the following fisheries: the loco ( Concholepas concholepas ) a carnivorous snail, keyhole limpets (Fissurella spp.), langostino or squat lobster ( Cervimunida johni ), Black hake ( Dissostichus eleginoides ) and the Yellow prawn ( Pleuroncodes monodon ).