Immune response and in vivo production of cytokines in patients with liver hydatidosis
Cytokines play an important role in the human immunological response, but the exact role of cytokines in the human immune response against parasites, especially against Echinococcus granulosus, remains unclear. IL‐1, IL‐2, IL‐4 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) levels in peripheral blood of 21 patients with liver hydatidosis were evaluated before surgical treatment, and the levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, IgE, specific IgE against E. granulosus, C3, C4 and BF complement fractions and CD20, CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD16 cell percentages were also determined, as was the relationship between these variables and cytokine levels. Data from hydatid patients were compared with data obtained from 21 healthy volunteers. Hydatid patients showed increases of IgG, IgE, IgEs and IL‐2 (P < 0.01), and decreases of IL‐1 and TNF levels (P < 0.001), but these variables (respectively) increased in patients showing cysts in the central area of the liver or with a wide opening of cysts in the biliary tract. The increase of IL‐1, IL‐2 and IL‐4 showed a close relationship with the number, characteristics and above all the location of cysts within the liver itself. IgG and IL‐4 levels and also IgG and IgE levels showed a significant correlation (P < 0.05).