Development on Large-scale Energy Storage Technology
Energy storage technology is the important resource in in the power system and energy consumption. Among the numerous energy storage technologies, the pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage are the fastest developing. In the paper, the present application status of the pumped storage and electrochemical energy storage is introduced. The advantage and challenge are researched. Introduction Energy storage technology has been widely used while the rapid development of new energy, electric vehicles and other industries. The energy storage technology is different and is suitable for the applications and fields. Pumped storage technology is the most mature and economical large-capacity energy storage technology that is of large scale, long life, good safety and low operating cost, and has great advantages in the fields of peak regulation, frequency modulation and accident backup of large power grids. The electrochemical energy storage in some aspects of the power grid is potential, such as lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries, flow batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries and other chemical energy storage technologies that is mostly from minute to hour. The electrochemical energy storage response speed is fast, and it can play the significant role in performing tracking plan output and climbing rate control, as well as improving the power quality of the distribution network. From the technical characteristics, pumped storage is the most widely used large-scale energy storage technology compared with electrochemical energy storage. Its good regulation performance and fast load change response capability are of great significance for effectively reducing the instability caused by new energy power generation input into the power grid. However, its response speed is lower than the electrochemical energy storage response, the conversion efficiency of the lead storage battery and the lithium battery is not achieved in the energy conversion efficiency. From the perspective of economic characteristics, the initial investment funds of pumped storage is large, its service life, unit cost, and maintenance cost are obviously superior. From the perspective of security features, the safety of various types of batteries has also been greatly improved with the rapid development of electrochemical energy storage technology, the overall safety of electrochemical energy storage is still less than pumped storage. From the perspective of environmental protection, pumped storage is the clean energy source and there is no environmental pollution problem. Sodium-sulfur batteries and lithium-ion batteries will produce amount of residue during operation which is slightly polluted by the environment. The electrolyte of vanadium flow battery is toxic, and lead in lead storage batteries is also toxic, which is harmful to the environment. Energy Storage Technology Functions and Analysis of Applicable Fields Working Principle of Energy Storage Power Station The existing energy storage power stations mainly include mechanical energy storage, electromagnetic energy storage, and electrochemical energy storage. Mechanical Energy Storage. Mechanical energy storage mainly includes pumped storage, compressed air and flywheel energy storage.