Feeding Deterrence of Fortified Oils and Kernel Extracts of Neem, Pungam and Madhuca Against Groundnut Red Hairy Caterpillar and Tobacco Cut Worm
Seed kernel extracts of neem (NSKE), pungam (PSKE) and madhuca (MSKE) at 5% and their oil formulations @ 3ml/l were evaluated as feeding deterrents to Amsacta albistriga Walker and Spodoptera litura F. Feeding with the neem treated foliage even for a day caused significant pupal mortality. Continuous feeding of treated leaves with NSKE and neem oil caused complete mortality of A. albistriga in five days. The continuous feeding of S. litura with NSKE treated foliage gave complete mortality in seven days while the neem oil formulations took nine days. Larval, pupal mortality and larval-pupal intermediates were formed due to feeding on neem formulation treated leaves.