Paradigm Shifts in Research on Host Plant Resistance to Insect Pests
Conventional breeding in conjunction with molecular techniques and transgenic approaches have a great promise 
to reduce pest associated crop losses, and accelerate the progress in developing cultivars with resistance to 
insects. Although, considerable progress has been made over the past two decades in manipulating genes from 
diverse sources to develop plants with resistance to insect pests, deployment of molecular techniques for insect 
resistance, understand nature of gene action and metabolic pathways, but rapid and cost effective development 
and adoption of biotechnology-derived products will depend on developing a full understanding on the interaction 
of genes within their genomic environment, and with the environment in which their conferred phenotype interact. 
A good beginning has been made in developing genetic linkage maps of many crops, but the accuracy and precision 
of phenotyping for resistance to insect pests remains a critical constraint in many crops. Improved phenotyping 
systems will have substantial impact on both conventional and biotechnological approaches to breed for resistance 
to insect pests, in addition to the more strategic research that feeds into these endeavors.