Artemisia Gentileschi and the Authority of Art. R. Ward Bissell
descendents, among whose proponents few were louder than Cassiano's boss, who was also the Pope s nephew. This alone, even without the long hours these learned courtiers had to waste waiting in cold corridors for their masters to emerge, would have been enough to stifle wide-ranging inquiry. The second part of the book offers a genealogy of Cassiano's focus on ancient manners and customs {mores et instituta). Those interested less in the books hero than in his kind of heroism, namely, the history of antiquarianism, must read these chapters (9-13). This book-within-a-book charts the strands — ethnographic, epigraphic, monographic, jurisprudential and visual — that fed Cassianos project of "eine samtliche Lebensbereiche umfassende Zivilisationsgeschichte" (185). The "Zeugnisse der Sachkultur" — he also refers to "Objektikonographie" (154) — defines an approach to the study of the past that looked at things, and especially those things overlooked by historians typically more concerned with rhetoricallydriven didactic discussions of politics and war, as evidence of what the past was really like. Herodotus and especially Varro were important ancient authorities. But Herklotz makes clear on several occasions that the decisive steps towards this new kind of cultural history (he refers always to "zivilisationsgeschichte") were taken in the sixteenth century, by the leading figures in the Farnese Circle, Pirro Ligorio, Onophrio Panvinio and Fulvio Orsini. Other important developments occurred in Padua and Paris. Herklotz presents Cassiano as the heir of these different intellectual practices. The leading accounts of this story in English are by Arnaldo Momigliano and, more recently, Francis Haskell. At several points and in small ways Herklotz distinguishes his account from theirs. But there is a certain hesitation here, as if the author realized that he was on to something even bigger than Cassiano, and drew back. This is only to say that a very good book could have been even better — if there were two of them. PETER N. MILLER University of Maryland, College Park