Safavid coins
216381189
The Circulation of Safavid coins in Oman in light of the coins which discovered within Sa'al hoard
Ibrahim Alfadhli
194010246
SHORT POEMS ON SAFAVID COINS (Wiersz na monecie perskiej. Okres Safawidzki)
Stanislaw Adam Jaskowski
192769667
THE ISLAMIC DECORATIONS ON SAFAVID COPPER COINS BETWEEN THE UNITY AND DIVERSITY IN ITS ILLUSTRATED DECORATIOS 'SELECTED MODELS FROM FUJAIRAH MUSEUM'
The Museum of Fujairah in the United Arab Emirates contains a collection which includes of 13 copper coins dating to the period of weakness and crisis at the end of Safavid Dynasty, during the reigns of Shah Suleiman "Safi II" (1077 1105 H./1666 1694 C. and Shah Sultan Hussein I (1105 1135 A.H/1694 1722) The Study aims to discusses the illustrated drawings on these coins throughout the Iranian cities, the theme of the study, and other cities during the Safavid period in general; and this historical period especially which was the beginning of the end of Safavid Daynasty; with the origins of these drawings of the Safavid copper coins "Fulus" through the early Islamic Coins, and through its inclusion on the applied artifacts, such as pottery, textile, metal, wood, carpets, stone and glass during the Islamic Age. The Study shows that the Safavid artists included the decorative elements which represent Sasanian traditions, because the Safavid Dynasty attempted to revive Persian nationalism and regain its previous glory. The Study ends with the results which shows that the decorative elements on theses coins are considered an expansion of the decorative elements which adorned different applied artifacts with drawings on pottery; or carving on wood, stones or marble; or enameling on glass; or printing on textile, that occurred in all Muslim countries since the first century A.H, either in Andalusia, Egypt, Iraq, Levant, and Turkey assuring the unity of decorative elements on coins and different applied artifacts in the frame of Islamic art with the diversity in the decoration methods. Key Words: Copper Coins, Decorations, Fujairah, Islamic, Safavid
Shadia Eldesouky Abd El-Aziz Keshk Mohamed Ahmed Malaka
201678869
AN OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMIC STATUS OF THE SAFAVID ERA ON THE BASIS OF SILVER COINS CASE STUDY SHAH ABBAS II AND SULTAN HUSSEIN
Safavid era is one of the important periods in the history of Iran at the Islamic period. In the Safavid period, trade and particularly foreign trade was highly developed due to the established security on the roads. Silk was one of the goods that received attention in foreign trade cycle. As a result, a great number of merchants traveled to Iran in this period, and this led to an economic boom in this period. In the Safavid era, gold, silver, and copper coins were minted, but silver coins were used in trade exchanges. In this study, the total of 13 silver coins belonging to the mid and late Safavid era (Shah Abbas II, Shah Sultan Hussein) was analyzed using PIXE method. This study is an attempt to figure out the economic situation of the Safavid period. The amount of silver used in the coins pertaining to Shah Abbas II represents a good grade of the coins belonging to the king. In the reign of Sultan Hussein, coins were of very high grade despite the undesired political and social conditions of the country.
Hassan Kohansal Vajargah
159786314
skhh hy Drb shdh bh nm mm zmn Hjt bn lHsn l`skhry pysh z Sfwyh (The Coins in the Name of Imam Mahdi in Pre Safavid Era and Formation of the Concept of Shiite Ruler)
Persian Abstract: tshy` mmy dr dwrh Gybt rslt jtm`y khwd r t mdth dr nhn zysty w dwry z Hkhm t`ryf khrdh bwd. b`d z shkhl gyry jm`yt hy shy`y dr bld slmy zydyn w sps fTmyn b qymhy mt`dd twnstnd Hkhwmthy mHly mstql z khlft `bsy tshkhyl dhnd. lykhn shy`yn mmy khmkhn z tshkhyl Hkhwmt dwry my khrdnd. `ly rGm yn rwyh dr mwrdy shhd tshkhyl Hkhwmt shy`h mmy dr bld slmy pysh z dwrh Sfwy hstym. Glb yn mwrd dr shryTy tfq ftdh st khh khl sysy dr qlmrw frhngy shy`h mmy gzynh HfZ nZm jtm`y w Hkhwmt r jtnb npdhyr nmwdh st. Hkhmn mmy mdhhb dr yn fD byn lzm tshkhyl Hkhwmt w rwyh trykhy shy`h rh jdydy bnm Hkhwmt bh nybt z mm zmn `j) r pysh mygyrnd. dr yn mqlh br mbny skhh hy bj mndh z yn Hkhwmth rftr Hkhmn mmy mdhhb tbyyn shdh st. zmynh frhngy w jtm`y `tqd bh mm `Sr dr yrn mbtny br mtwn trykhy brrsy gshth st. English Abstract: Imamite Muslims, who follow twelve Imams from decent of the prophet, believe that the political ruling is de jure dedicated to the prophet and the twelve Imams. They believe that Imam Muhammad Al Mahdi, the twelfth Imam who was born in 9th century AD is still alive and will come back in the promised day for constructing a heavenly world. For Imamite Muslims, who are also known as Twelver Shia, the legitimate government and the right of ruling is dedicated to Imam Mahdi. While Shiite community did not developed as a society, they participated in Sunni social institutions as a minority. Afterward in medieval period, when Sunni caliphate collapsed in Baghdad by Mongol invasion, maintaining the social order obliged the Shia to establish government on their own. In this article, we will explore the formation of a new role for Shia rulers as the representative of Imam Mahdi. Our investigation is based on the coins of Shiite rulers in the formative period of Shiite government concept. We find out the Shiite Sultan and Amir suppose himself a ruler in force majeure circumstances, who shall give up his position to Imam Mahdi in his reappearance.
Hamidreza Azarinia
30676432
PIXE ANALYSIS OF SILVER COINS FROM ILKHANID AND SAFAVID DYNASTIES IN IRAN: A CASE STUDY
In this case study, Proton Induced X ray Emission (PIXE) analytical technique has been applied to thirtyeight Iranian silver coins, selected from a private collection. The purpose was to study the fineness evolution from beginning of the 13 to the 16th century AD in Iran. The content and variation of metallic and nonmetallic elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Ag, Au and Pb were observed. It was found that Cu, Pb, Zn and Au were mainly present along with silver as major component. The content of Ag as the main constituent of the coins varies from 55 to 97 This significant variation in the content of the major constituent reveals the economical difficulties encountered by each dynasty. It could be also attributed to differences in the composition of the silver mine used to strike the coins in different locations. The results offer valuable information about the economy of the periods under study.
B Sodaei
181166792
The Shah of the Safavid Huseyin Mirza of Coins
The Safavids, one of the greatest Muslim dynasties, reigned over Iran and around. Sovereign of Huseyin Mirza, the nineth emperor of this great dynasty, corresponds with the collapse period of the Safavids. Coins of this period generate the most challenging samples of the Safavid state in terms of coin form, style and variety of writings used. There are religious inscriptions on the front side of coins in line with Shi'a beliefs whereas name and title of the emperor and coin information are available on the back side. The language used on coins is Farsi instead of Arabic as different from other Islamic period coins. Two different font types appear on coins as a sulus and talik. While invocations and names of khalifas are taking part on front sides of coins, shah names and coin information take part on back sides. According to Shia belief, some phrases are seen such as "Ali is friend of Allah" along with "La ilaha illal lah, Muham madu'r Rasulullah" Sultan used the title of "shah" on almost all coins. On the coins of this period, printing date was given on the back side using numbers. Along with the esthetic outlook which talik font type gives, string of pearls on edge kerbs were used as essential pattern. Apart from geometrical forms, plantal ornamentation kerbs take part on contours of coins. There exist geometric and botanical ornament curbs on coin contours. The aim of the study is to propound scientific evaluations and comparisons of Safavids coins with other periods by examining, reading writings and assorting ornaments and compositions with art history discipline. Considering studies conducted about Safavid coins, it is seen that these are partakes of coin catalogues except for a few studies. These coins which are not considered much in terms of Islamic period coins will be introduced to science world generally.
Necla Dursun
188171476
Continuity and Transformation of the Lion and Sun Device on Coins of the Jazira from the Artuqid to the Safavid State
Lutz Ilisch
216452079
Written Representation of Temporal Power in Safavid Material Culture
This paper examines the notions of Shi'ism and kingship in Safavid cultural materials (coins, architectural inscriptions, enthronement orations, and panegyrics) to trace the role of Safavid ideology in the dynasty's transformation from a Sufi order into a monarchic institution with a sectarian identity. It examines these materials in order to reconstruct the dominant ideology of the Safavids in various venues. Examination of the ideologies of Safavid rulership shows a marked difference between ideologies expressed in these cultural mediums. We argue that this difference points to a multi pronged Safavid strategy of projecting political legitimacy in distinct registers for different audiences. By combining ideologies that were embraced and practiced by people of different regions and sects in the Persian empire before the Safavids, the Safavid monarchs managed to spread widely their power within the empire and beyond, to change the religio political ideology of the empire, and to remain in power for more than two centuries.
Pouye Khoshkhoosani
197843256
"Mysticism" in Iran: The Safavid Roots of a Modern Concept
pits discovered in the nearby Trench Tr. 6 contain many bone fragments,.main ingredient for the production of fluorapatite, a substance used for whitening the greyish limestone surface of the monuments of Persepolis Terrace" (p. 52) The report would have been better and of great interest if it had included more illustrations showing combustion chamber and bones in situ. Chapter 3 is a quantitative study of excavated potsherd and their physical features, including seriation charts and drawings. The reports are useful for further studies of the Achaemenid pottery; the authors' meticulous report on ceramic finds would have been enriched if they had looked at or used M. T. 'Ata`i's contribution, though unpublished, to the study of Achaemenid pottery from Persepolis (M. T. 'Ata`i',Mo'arrefi ye sofal e Hakhamaneshi ye howzehe ye Fars, unpublished dissertation, Tehran, 2004) An inventory of other finds such as objects in stone, metal, terracotta, glass, bones, and coins follow the study of ceramics. Radiocarbon dating of samples are published in chapter 4. The book ends with a useful summary of the excavation results (pp. 286 8) Persepolis West (Fars, Iran) is an indispensable reference for further fieldwork in the region of Persepolis.
Iranian Studies
Syed A H Zaidi