coating resins
134113137
Handbook of Epoxy Resins
THE DETAILS ARE GIVEN OF THE CHEMISTRY OF EPOXY RESIN SYNTHESIS, THE COMPOSITION OF COMMERCIAL RESINS, CURE MECHANISMS AND FORMULATION, AND APPLICATIONS. THE PROPERTIES ARE ALSO LISTED OF PURE RESINS, CURED RESINS, AND FORMULATED PRODUCTS. /RRL/
Henry L Lee Kristoffer Neville
136915250
Chemistry and technology of epoxy resins
Introduction to the chemistry, synthesis, manufacture and characterization of epoxy resins, B. Ellis curing agents for epoxy resins, W.R. Ashcroft the kinetics of cure and network formation, B. Ellis additives and modifiers for epoxy resins, S.J. Shaw fracture behaviour of epoxy resins, W.J. Cantwell and H.H. Kausch electrical properties of epoxy resins, G.P. Johari epoxy resin adhesives, S.J. Shaw composite materials, F.R. Jones coatings and other applications of epoxy resins, X.M. Chen and B. Ellis.
Bryan Ellis
9252321
Bond strength of resin cement to yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia ceramic treated with air abrasion, silica coating, and laser irradiation.
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of a resin cement to yttrium stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y TZP) surfaces treated with air abrasion, silica coating, or CO(2) Er:YAG, or Nd:YAG laser irradiation, or irradiated by each laser after air abrasion. BACKGROUND DATA Optimized methods are needed to improve the adhesive bonding between resin cement and Y TZP ceramic. METHODS Twelve specimens were irradiated with each laser at different parameters and examined by scanning electron microscopy to determine which parameters to use in this study. One hundred forty one Y TZP discs were assigned to nine groups: C, no treatment; AA, air abrasion; CJ, silica coating; ER, Er:YAG laser; ND, Nd:YAG laser; CO, CO(2) laser; AA+ER, air abrasion Er:YAG laser; AA+ND, air abrasion Nd:YAG laser; AA+CO, air abrasion CO(2) laser. The composite cylinders were fabricated. After the surface treatments, the specimens were silanized and composite cylinders were cemented with the resin cement. The shear bond strength test was performed after specimens were stored in water for 24 h and after thermocycling for 500 cycles. RESULTS The highest bond strength was obtained in the AA group and was similar to that of the CJ group. In C, ER, CO, ND, AA+ND, and AA+CO groups, the shear bond strengths were similar to each other according to the Duncan test results. The lowest bond value was obtained in the AA+ER group. CONCLUSION Although air abrasion and silica coating were the most effective surface treatment methods, CO(2) and Er:YAG laser irradiation alone or Nd:YAG laser irradiation after air abrasion may be used as an alternative treatment method to increase the bond strength between resin cement and Y TZP material.
Photomedicine and laser surgery
Musa Samil Akyil Ismail Uzun Funda Bayindir
85042864
Plant Resins: Chemistry, Evolution, Ecology, and Ethnobotany
Few people are aware of the great diversity of resin producing plants or the remarkable roles resins play for plants and people. Resins evolved millions of years ago to defend plants against their enemies, as recorded by fossil resins like amber, and humans have used them since prehistory. "Plant Resins" tells the whole story about these fascinating plant products. The book is richly illustrated with maps, color and black and white photographs, and exquisite line drawings by Jesse Markman. This comprehensive and integrated discussion of resins will appeal to botanists, ecologists, ethnobotanists, chemists, anthropologists, archeologists, museum conservators, and amber enthusiasts.
Jean H Langenheim
93678248
Urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive resins for wood
Abstract Urea formaldehyde (UF) resins are the most important type of adhesive resins for the production of wood based panels. They convince by their high reactivity and good performance in the production and by their low price, however they lack in water resistance of the hardened resin owing to the reversibility of the aminomethylene link and hence the susceptibility to hydrolysis. This need can be overcome by introducing other components like melamine to the UF resin molecules. The former problem of subsequent formaldehyde emission can be considered as solved owing to the decrease of the content of formaldehyde in the resins during the last two decades. Modern laboratory test methods enable a deep insight into the chemical structure and the gelling and hardening behaviour of the resins.
Manfred Dunky
95552415
Photopolymerization Kinetics of Methacrylate Dental Resins
The photopolymerization kinetics of typical dental dimethacrylate monomers were studied by differential photocalorimetry. Increasing proportions of the low viscosity diluent monomer triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were added to either Bis GMA (2,2 bis[p (2' hydroxy 3' methacryloxypropoxy)phenylene]propane) EBADMA (ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate) or UDMA (1,6 bis(methacryloxy 2 ethoxycarbonylamino) 2,4,4 trimethylhexane) to provide three base resins that differed in their hydrogen bonding potential and, therefore, resulted in compositions covering a broad range of viscosities. When compared at similar diluent concentrations, UDMA resins were significantly more reactive than Bis GMA and EBADMA resins. At higher diluent concentrations, EBADMA resins provided the lowest photopolymerization reactivities. Optimum reactivities in the UDMA and EBADMA resin systems were obtained with the addition of relatively small amounts of TEGDMA, whereas the Bis GMA/TEGDMA resin system required near equiv.
Sabine H Dickens Jeffrey W Stansbury Kwang-Woo Choi Cynthia J E Floyd
206509131
Mussel Inspired Surface Chemistry for Multifunctional Coatings
We report a method to form multifunctional polymer coatings through simple dip coating of objects in an aqueous solution of dopamine. Inspired by the composition of adhesive proteins in mussels, we used dopamine self polymerization to form thin, surface adherent polydopamine films onto a wide range of inorganic and organic materials, including noble metals, oxides, polymers, semiconductors, and ceramics. Secondary reactions can be used to create a variety of ad layers, including self assembled monolayers through deposition of long chain molecular building blocks, metal films by electroless metallization, and bioinert and bioactive surfaces via grafting of macromolecules.
Science
Haeshin Lee Shara M Dellatore William M Miller Phillip B Messersmith
92681736
Phenolic Resins: Chemistry, Applications, Standardization, Safety and Ecology
A Chemistry/Production. 1 Raw Materials. 2 Phenolic Resins: Chemistry, Reactions, Mechanism. 3 Production of Phenolic Resins. Chapter4 Structure (Methods of Analysis) B Applications of Phenolic Resins. 5 Thermosets: Overview, Definitions, and Comparisons. 6 Economic Significance of Phenolic Resins, Survey of Applications, and Six Bonding Functions. 7 Chemical, Physical and Application Technology Parameters of Phenolic Resins. 8 Industrial Safety and Ecological Questions (Raw Materials, Recycling, Environment) 9 Conclusion: Guidelines for Future Developments of Phenolic Resins and Related Technologies.
Arno Dr Gardziella Louis A Pilato A Knop
95746728
A Review of Current Flame Retardant Systems for Epoxy Resins
The review covers materials currently available or which appear to be in serious development, with emphasis on electrical laminates and encapsulation, and brief coverage of other applications. The dominant technology for FR 4 printed wiring boards uses tetrabromobisphenol A reacted into the epoxy resin. Nonhalogen systems include additives such as alumina trihydrate, alumina trihydrate plus red phosphorus, and aromatic phosphates. Reactives include a dihydrooxaphosphaphenanthrene oxide and various adducts thereof, and hydroxyl terminated oligomeric phosphorus containing esters. A further approach is the modification of the epoxy resin by placement of aromatic groups between the glycidyloxyphenyl groups, and/or by use of a triazine modified novolac as crosslinker. Flame retardant epoxy coatings continue to make use of ammonium polyphosphate plus char forming additives.
Edward David Weil Sergei V Levchik
133956718
Phenolic Resins: A Century of Progress
Up to the end of the nineteenth century, phenol was recovered primarily from coal tar. With the commercialization of the phenolic resins, the demand for phenol grew significantly. Currently, the cumene to phenol process is the predominant synthetic route for the production of phenol. It is accompanied by acetone as a co product. Cumene is oxidized with oxygen to form cumene hydroperoxide. The peroxide is subsequently decomposed to phenol and acetone, using a strong mineral acid as catalyst. The products are purified in a series of distillation columns. The cumene to phenol process is described in more detail in this chapter. An overview is given about synthetic routes via direct oxidation of benzene. None of these alternative routes has been commercialized. The chapter also gives an overview of global supply and use of phenol in 2008. Finally, the main natural sources and synthetic routes for cresols, xylenols, resorcinol, and bisphenol A are described. These components are used as comonomers for special phenolic resins.
Louis A Pilato