silage;corn stalks
103814203
Method for industrially cultivating agaricus bisporus compost by using silage corn stalks
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation of eatable fungi, and particularly relates to a method for industrially cultivating agaricus bisporus compost by using silage corn stalks. According to the method, silage corn stalks and manure as the main raw materials undergo pretreatment, mixing and stacking, and then undergo primary fermentation and secondary fermentation for preparation of the agaricus bisporus compost, wherein the silage corn stalks can be stored for longer time by adding treatment liquids such as zinc chloride and polyvinyl alcohol, are then fermented quickly by using a certain amount of nutrient substances, thereby saving 90 percent of water consumption for hay pre wetting and reducing 18 20 percent of compost preparation cost; the yield is stable, the economic benefit is remarkable, and the yield of fresh eatable fungi reaches 25 30 kilograms per square meter.
132623576
Effect of Feeding Silage Corn Stalks in Cold Season at Alpine Pasture on Weight Change in Tianzhu White yak
(Objective) To study the weight change of Tianzhu White yak when they were fed silage corn stalks in cold season at Alpine Pasture.(Methods) Different proportions of oat hay plus corn stalk silage was feed Tianzhu white yak compared with the traditional way of feeding.(Results) The results showed that the experimental group was significantly better than the control group(P0.05)(Conclusion) The weight of Tianzhu White yak from test group trended to increase for four months,and then the weight trends to decrease for two months,which implied the significant function of keeping weight;while,the the control group showed the adverse results.
Liang Zhen-ma
212940484
The Effect of Additives on Mixed Silage Quality of Sugar Beet and Corn Stalks
Sugar beet is a main economic crop in the northeast region of China. Ensilaging sugar beet mixed with other forages, provides green feedstuff for livestock in spring and winter. The ensilaging could avoid mildew and rot of fresh forages and would decrease environmental pollution (Liu 1996) The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of silage additives on mixed silage quality of corn stalks and sugar beet.
Qi-zhong Sun Hongmei Wang
218873922
Effect on the ensilage performance and microbial community of adding Neolamarckia cadamba leaves to corn stalks
To comprehensively evaluate the fermentation performance and microbial community of corn stalks (CS) silage mixed with Neolamarckia cadamba leaves (NCL) CS were ensiled with four levels (0% 10% 30% and 50% of fresh weight) of NCL for 1, 7, 14, 30, 60 days in two trials. The results showed that all silages were well preserved with low pH (3.60 3.88) and ammonia nitrogen content (0.08 0.19% DM) The silage samples with NCL displayed lower (P 0.05) acetic acid, propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen contents and lactic acid bacteria population during ensiling than control silages (100% CS) The addition of NCL also influenced the distribution of bacterial and fungal communities. Fungal diversity (Shannon's indices were 5.15 5.48 and 2.85 4.27 in trial 1 and trial 2 respectively) increased while the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Leuconostocs, Acetobacter and two moulds (Aspergillus and Fusarium) decreased after added NCL. In summary, mixing NCL is a promising effective approach to preserve protein of CS silage and inhibit the growth of undesirable bacteria and mould, thus to improve the forage quality to some extent.
Microbial biotechnology
Wei Zhou Cheng Wang Fu-Yu Yang Xiaoyang Chen Qing Zhang
103192524
Enhancement of ciprofloxacin removal by modifying activated carbon (AC S) derived from corn stalks with novel silage pre treatment
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) a common antibiotic, is widely detected in wastewater and soil. This study proposes a novel method for preparing activated carbon with corn stalks pre treated with silage (ACS) This study examined physical characteristics of activated carbons with N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy, X ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Boehm titration. Adsorption of CIP was enhanced by activated carbon. Laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate adsorption kinetics, equilibrium isotherms, and influence of chemical characteristics of solution (i.e. pH and ionic strength. Both kinds of activated carbon prepared with corn stalks (AC) and AC S featured surface areas of more than 700 m2/g. Although total pore volume of AC (1.178 cm3/g) was higher than that of AC S (0.4681 cm3/g) microspore proportion of AC S reached 60% which was considerably higher compared with that of AC (24% AC S exhibited a faster increasing rate in a portion of microspore surface area than AC. FTIR and Boehm titration indicated that AC S contained higher amounts of surface acidic functional groups, namely, carboxyl, phenolic, and hydroxyl. Adsorption experiments agreed well with pseudo second order and Langmuir models. Maximum adsorption capacity of CIP on AC S reached 407.75 mg/g, which was 26.2% higher than that of AC. Results showed that possible mechanisms for CIP adsorption on AC S may include hydrophobic interaction, chemical adsorption, electrostatic attraction, and p p EDA interaction.
Daoji Wu Ni Chenxi Xu Jingtao Congcong Zhao Fengxun Tan Sun Xiaomei Yuming Jing Ning Wang Wenjun Yin Ding Guocun Xu Bing
140112651
UTILIZATION OF RICE STRAW FOR FEEDING RUMINANTS 3 COMPARATIVE STUDIES BETWEEN CORN STALKS AND GREEN RICE STRAW SILAGE
Two comparative studies between green corn stalks silage (CSS) and green rice straw silage (RSS) were conducted. The 1 st one was to evaluate the nutritional values of both kinds of silages using 6 adult rams in two digestion trials (3 in each) The other comparative study was carried out in summer season using swing over method to investigate productive performance of lactating buffaloes which fed rations containing either green corn stalks or rice straw silages. Eight lactating buffaloes average 500 600 kg body weight at 2nd to 5th parities were used after 8 weeks of calving. Animals were fed three tested rations, the control (CR) represented traditional summer rations which composed of 53% concentrate feed mixture (CFM) 20% berseem hay (BH) 27% rice straw (RS) and the 1st tested ration (TR1) contained 42% CFM, 43% RSS and 15% BH, while the 2nd tested ration (TR2) was CFM, CSS and BH to supply 42, 43 and 15% of the daily DM intake, respectively. The impact of ensiled corn stalks and rice straw and their utilization for animal feeding per feddan was also investigated. The two tested silages had a good fermentation quality as low values of pH, NH3 N %of total N) and normal concentration of VFA's. Corn stalks silage (CSS) had a higher nutritive values as TDN% DE and DCP% compared to green rice straw silage (RSS) Single crossbred of maize crop (Sc10) produced the highest silage yield fedden being 5.13, 0.35, 0.23 and 3.03 ton/ feddan DM, CP, DCP and TDN, respectively. Corresponding values with rice straw (Sakha 104 variety) silage were 2.4, 0.14, 0.10 and 1.15 tan/ feddan. No significant differences among tested rations for OM, EE and NFE digestibility, while the differences were significant (P<0.05) in CP and CF digestibility coefficients. TR2 had the highest values (P<0.05) in TDN and DE followed by TR1, while control ration showed the lowest values. On the contrary, CR showed significantly (P<0.05) the highest DCP value followed by TR1, while TR2 recorded the lowest value. No significant differences were observed for actual daily milk yield, while 7% FCM yield differed significantly (P<0.05) among the tested groups. In addition, there were significant differences in fat, lactose and total solids contents in milk, while no significant differences between groups on protein and SNF contents in milk. Buffaloes fed TR1 and TR2 recorded the best feed conversion compared with those fed CR. Daily feed cost decreased with including RSS and CSS in the 1 st and 2 nd tested rations by 14.44 and 6.95% respectively. Also gross margin over feed cost for buffaloes fed TR1 and TR2 increased by 78.9 and 100.0 compared with those fed CR. Economic efficiency improved by 34.10 and 35.23 for groups fed rations containing RSS and CSS (TR1 and TR2, respectively) compared with feeding control ration. It could be concluded that inclusion of rice straw silage or corn stalks silage as a basal ration for lactating buffaloes in traditional summer rations led to reduce the amounts of CFM by about 20% increased daily 7% FCM by 15.03 and 26.12% and El Giziry, A. A. et al. 692 improve economic efficiency, along with limiting the environmental pollution as a result of accumulation of rice straw or corn stalks in the fields or burning them.
M Abd El-hady M M Bendary F M Kh M M Mousa
87573691
Comparative Test between Silage of Hybrid Sweet Sorghum Stalks and Corn Stalks in Sheep
Based on comparative test between hybrid sweet sorghum stalks silage and corn stalks silage in sheep,we determined daily feed intake and daily gain to study the effects of sheep's performance.The results showed that under the same level of feeding management and basal diet,the daily feed intake and daily gain were 1.73 kg,1.44 kg,145.11 g and 103.33 g,compared with IIgroup,increasing by 20.14% and 40.43% respectively.The concentrate and roughage intake was decreased29.92%,18.77%compared withII group respectively.So,there had obvious effect on fattening sheep using hybrid sweet sorghum stalks silage.
Bai Jing-jin
202014101
Foliar fungicide application effects on whole plant BMR and floury corn varieties, and whole plant corn silage composition
Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the effects of foliar fungicide (FUN; Headline AMP; BASF Corp. applied at vegetative tassel growth stage) and ensiling time (0, 30, 90, 150 d) on fiber composition of 2 corn varieties (brown midrib; BMR and floury; FLY) Treatments were assigned to 16 3.38 ha plots in a completely randomized split plot block design. Treatments were: BMR without FUN, FLY without FUN, BMR with FUN, and FLY with FUN. Samples of whole corn plants were collected and separated into leaves, stalks, flag leaf (FL) and cobs. Fresh cut, whole plant corn silage (WPCS) samples were collected at harvest and sealed inside mini silos for the duration of their respective ensiling times. Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure in SAS (v9.4) Brown midrib corn plants had a greater number of green leaves than FLY with 11.81 and 11.34 0.09 leaves, respectively (P 0.001) Corn plants in control (BMR without FUN and FLY without FUN; CON) had a greater number of yellow leaves than FUN corn plants with 0.28 and 0.08 0.02, respectively (P
Animal Feed Science and Technology
Michele Hollis R T Pate Santiago X Mideros G M Fellows Matthew S Akins Felipe C Cardoso
103335602
Silage method of whole corn stalks
The invention relates to a silage method of whole corn stalks. An underground silo is used for silaging the whole corn stalks. The silage method comprises the following steps of the treatment of bottom and periphery, preparation of a urea solution, pavement of corn stalks, compaction, corrosion resistance and taking. According to the silage method, spoilage bacteria do not easily enter the stalks, thereby being favorable for preservation of the stalks; urea is decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide, both of which can inhibit the activity of spoilage bacteria and have a corrosion resistance effect; and the decomposed ammonia provides non protein nitrogen for microorganisms in the rumen of a ruminant to form microorganism proteins, thereby increasing the protein nutrition level and the biological value of the corn stalks. The silage whole corn stalks are dark green in color, are soft and juicy, are moderate in sweetness and sourness, and have good palatability and a higher operating value. The method is simple to operate and is easy to learn, and eases the labor shortage problem in autumn.
233483623
An integrated method to produce fermented liquid feed and biologically modified biochar as cadmium adsorbents using corn stalks.
The recycling of agricultural waste is a global challenge to the sustainable development of agriculture. By using corn stalks, we studied the feasibility of combining anaerobic fermentation and pyrolysis processes to produce both fermentated liquid feed and biologically modified biocharas cadmium adsorbents. Anaerobic ensiling enhanced the biodegradation of corn stalks by increasing crude protein and reducing fiber contents. After 24 h anaerobic fermentation, corn stalks silage was decomposed into the liquid filtrate and non fermented residue. Fermented liquid feed (FLF) was prepared by storing feed and liquid filtrate (1:4.0, wt/wt) in a closed tank at 20 degC for 4 days, which showed desired properties (pH 4.5, lactic acid bacteria greater than 9.0 lg cfu g 1, lactic acid greater than 100 mmol L 1) The non fermented residue was pyrolyzed at 500 degC to prepare biologically modified biochar (BCB24) In comparison with pristine biochar produced from corn stalks (CB) anaerobic ensiling and anaerobic fermentation significantly increased the surface area, oxygen containing functional groups, as well as mineral components in BCB24. The maximum sorption capacity of Cd(II) for BCB24 was 2.1 times of CB, suggesting that BCB24 is an effective adsorbent for Cd(II) removal from water. Our results indicated that coupling anaerobic fermentation and pyrolysis technology can significantly improve the efficiency of corn stalks recycling.
Waste management
Q N Tao Yixuan Chen Qiquan Li Yu-lan Chen Huanxiu Li