STAI
142802158
Manual for the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Form Y
Charles Donald Spielberger
140869193
STAI manual for the State trait anxiety inventory "self evaluation questionnaire"
Charles Donald Spielberger Richard L Gorsuch Robert E Lushene
149130121
The State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Reinie Cordier Sharmila Vaz
12431032
The development of a six item short form of the state scale of the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
Two studies are reported describing the development of a short form of the state scale of the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) for use in circumstances where the full form is inappropriate. Using item remainder correlations, the most highly correlated anxiety present and anxiety absent items were combined, and correlated with scores obtained using the full form of the STAI. Correlation coefficients greater than .90 were obtained using four and six items from the STAI. Acceptable reliability and validity were obtained using six items. The use of this six item short form produced scores similar to those obtained using the full form. This was so for several groups of subjects manifesting a range of anxiety levels. This short form of the STAI is therefore sensitive to fluctuations in state anxiety. When compared with the full form of the STAI, the six item version offers a briefer and just as acceptable scale for subjects while maintaining results that are comparable to those obtained using the full form of the STAI.
The British journal of clinical psychology
Theresa M Marteau Hilary L Bekker
2687931
Measures of anxiety: State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Anxiety (HADS A)
This review covers commonly used measures of anxiety. For this review, the author included measures that were 1) measures of general measures of anxiety and severity of anxiety symptoms, 2) administered by self report, 3) used in rheumatologic populations, and 4) has evidence of adequate psychometric data. To maintain brevity, the majority of the measures reviewed here were selected to provide broad coverage of general symptoms of anxiety, and measures were excluded if they are intended to identify or characterize a specific Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM IV) anxiety disorder (1) Specifically, this author excluded measures typically used to evaluate diagnostic criteria or features of specific anxiety disorders, such as panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and others. In addition, broader measures of psychiatric distress, including the Symptom Checklist 90, the General Health Questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 are not included in this review since they are included elsewhere in this special issue. However, subscales that have been used frequently in rheumatology as "stand alone" measures, such as the anxiety scale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, are included in this review. Importantly, the measures included in this review should not be interpreted as diagnostically significant for an anxiety disorder, even generalized anxiety disorder, but should be used to measure the presence of symptoms and to calibrate the severity of general symptoms of anxiety commonly occurring in rheumatic disease. The measures reviewed below include the State Trait Anxiety Index, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. In this review, the content and structure of each measure is presented (number of items, recall period, response options, presence of translations, and adaptations) the use in rheumatic disease when possible is discussed, and the psychometric properties of each measure, particularly when validated in any of the rheumatic diseases, is detailed. In addition, information regarding responsiveness of each measure to longitudinal change is presented, including responsiveness to change in rheumatology when available. Finally, a summary of the strengths and weaknesses specific to rheumatology is presented.
Arthritis care research
Laura Julian
13795185
In pregnancy increased maternal STAI trait stress score shows decreased insulin sensitivity and increased stress hormones
INTRODUCTION Chronic or acute stressors influence maternal and fetal Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axes (HPA) during pregnancy. In this study, the effect of maternal stress into maternal insulin sensitivity was investigated during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty two pregnant women [aged 27.1+ 2.5 (mean+ SD) yrs; BMI=25+ 2.2kg/m2] had at the 2nd and 3rd trimesters anthropometry, fasting blood samples (cortisol, Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) active amylin, Interleukin (IL6) Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) for glucose and insulin, state trait anxiety inventory (STAI) trait and state questionnaires (for stress assessment) RESULTS Maternal cortisol, CRH and STAI state score increased significantly from 2nd to 3rd trimester. At these trimesters women with STAI trait scores =40 had greater serum cortisol and CRH concentrations and lower insulin sensitivity index (ISI) values than those with scores <40 while STAI trait score predicted negatively ISI. At the 2nd trimester maternal CRH concentrations correlated positively with maternal STAI state, Homeostatic Model Assessment Insulin Resistance (HOMAR) 1st and 2nd phase insulin secretion and negatively with ISI. STAI trait correlated negatively with ISI. STAI state correlated positively with maternal systolic blood pressure and HOMAR. At the 3rd trimester STAI trait correlated negatively and positively with ISI and STAI state, respectively, while STAI state correlated positively with HOMAR. In women with STAI state scores =40, these scores correlated positively with maternal CRH. CONCLUSIONS In normal pregnant women, enhanced long term stress is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. Both long and short term stress are associated with enhanced maternal HPA axis and increased placental CRH secretion.
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Georgios Valsamakis Dimitrios C Papatheodorou Nikolaos Chalarakis Nikolaos Vrachnis Elpida J Sidiropoulou Maria Manolikaki Aimilia Mantzou Alexandra P Margeli Ioannis Papassotiriou George P Chrousos George Mastorakos
34698337
New approaches on the study of the psychometric properties of the STAI.
INTRODUCTION The main purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI1) Previous studies have indicated different factor solutions. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of consensus about the best dimensional model of STAI scores. METHOD The sample consisted of 417 participants, composed of 387 (29.71% male) healthy participants (comparison group: M=35.5 years; SD=8.40) and 30 (36.66% male) patient (clinical group M=35.8 years; SD=12.94) RESULTS The internal consistency evaluated through Ordinal Alpha was good, 0.98 and 0.94 in the non clinical and the clinical samples, respectively. Test retest reliability (two weeks) for Total Score was 0.81 for the non clinical subsample, and 0.93 for the clinical subsample. Confirmatory factor analyses supported both a four factor model and bifactor model. Also, STAI scores showed statistically significant correlations with Burns Anxiety Inventory (Burns A) scores. Furthermore, results showed statistically significant differences in the mean scores of the STAI between the clinical and the non clinical subsamples. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the STAI were adequate. The present study contributes to better understand the STAI structure through the comparison of new approaches in the study of the STAI internal structure. The results found may contribute in the efforts to improve the evaluation and identification of anxiety symptoms and disorders.
Actas espanolas de psiquiatria
Javier Ortuno-Sierra Lorena Garcia-Velasco Felix Inchausti Martin Debbane Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero
206344740
Screening for Depression and Anxiety Disorders from Pregnancy to Postpartum with the EPDS and STAI
Abstract The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI S) are widely used self report measures that still need to be further validated for the perinatal period. The aim of this study was to examine the screening performance of the EPDS and the STAI S in detecting depressive and anxiety disorders at pregnancy and postpartum. Women screening positive on EPDS (EPDS 9) or STAI S (STAI S 45) during pregnancy (n 90) as well as matched controls (n 58) were selected from a larger study. At 3 months postpartum, 99 of these women were reassessed. At a second stage, women were administered a clinical interview to establish a DSM IV TR diagnosis. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis yielded areas under the curve higher than .80 and .70 for EPDS and STAI S, respectively. EPDS and STAI S optimal cut offs were found to be lower at postpartum (EDPS 7; STAI S 34) than during pregnancy (EPDS 9; STAI S 40) EPDS and STAI S are reasonably valid screening tools during pregnancy and the postpartum.
The Spanish Journal of Psychology
Iva Tendais Raquel Costa Ana Rita Conde Barbara Figueiredo
4028345
Short STAI Y anxiety scales: validation and normative data for elderly subjects
Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop short forms of the STAI Y trait and state scales and associated norms suitable for the screening of anxiety in elderly populations. Method: This study was based on population based cohorts of older persons from two epidemiological French studies that each included one subscale of the STAI Y, i.e. state and trait anxiety scales. For both scales, the most discriminative items were retained and their factorial structure was examined using principal components analysis. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was estimated and cut offs and norms were computed. Results: A 10 item STAI Y version produced scores similar to those obtained with the full form of the STAI Y. The factorial structure of the shortened form is comparable to that of the full scales. Results showed good internal consistency (alpha coefficients were 0.92 and 0.85 for short STAI Y state and trait scales, respectively) Moreover, both short STAI Y state and trait scales correctly classified 88% of the participants using a cut off point of 23. Norms for both short trait and state anxiety scales are provided according to age, gender, educational level and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Both shortened scales have similar factorial structure and internal consistency to the longer scales and classify anxious/non anxious elderly with acceptable accuracy. The shorter form is likely to be more acceptable to elderly persons through reduction of fatigue effects.
Aging mental health
Valerie Bergua Celine Meillon Olivier Potvin Karen Ritchie Christophe Tzourio Jean Bouisson Jean-Francois Dartigues Helene Amieva
3788418
Analysis of the Construct Validity and Internal Consistency of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) State Anxiety (S Anxiety) Scale for Pregnant Women during Labor.
Purpose To analyze the internal consistency and the construct validity of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) State Anxiety (S Anxiety) scale for pregnant women during labor. Method A study of measurement property including 150 pregnant women aged between 15 and 45 years old, during the first period of labor and with term pregnancies. The questionnaire used was the STAI S Anxiety scale. In order to assess the internal consistency, Cronbach's a was calculated through an exploratory factor analysis. The correlation between the factors was calculated using the Pearson coefficient. The state of significance used for this analysis was 0.05. Results The STAI S Anxiety scale used in the context of labor showed two factors represented as the absence (factor 1) and the presence of anxiety (factor 2) item 4 "I regret it" did not show a representative value. Both factors showed high indications of Cronbach's a, varying from 0.830 for factor 1, and 0.723 for factor 2. In the results of the Pearson coefficient between the two factors, a significant but weak correlation was observed (r 0.188; p 0.021) Conclusion The STAI S Anxiety scale used in pregnant women during labor presented appropriate values of internal consistency; however, item 3 did not show a significant factorial value. Therefore, this questionnaire must be applied cautiously and carefully without the use of the item 4 in the clinical practice and in researches about labor.
Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia
Alexandre Delgado Alessandra da Boaviagem Freire Elaine Lima Silva Wanderley Andrea Lemos