antacids AND magnesium AND aluminium AND hydroxide AND oxide
209730768
PENGARUH TEKANAN KOMPRESI TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLET (FDT) ANTASIDA
Antacids is the combination of aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide which used to medicate gastritis widely. The stock of antacids in the markets is valued less efficient and practical when it is used. This problem can be prevented by making the stock of Fast Disintegrating Tablet (FDT) FDT is the tablet that is designed to ease the tablet disintegrated in saliva with the help of main FDT's material, namely superdisintegrant. Superdisintegrant that is used in this research is Sodium Starch Glycolate (SSG) and avicel PH 101 which has been got optimum formula with 38,79% of concentration SSG and 101,2% of avicel PH 101. This research aims to know the effect of compression pressure facing the characteristic of FDT antacids tablet. This formula is made of the same composition to treat three kinds of formula with different compression pressure to result in hardness 4 5 kg, 6 7 kg, and 8 9 kg by using wet granulation method. This tablet is verified by the characteristic of tablet and acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) The total of the data is analyzed with descriptive and statistic using ANOVA, so the effect of compression pressure in the characteristic of tablet and ANC will be known. The result of the research shows that the high compression pressure increasing hardness and friability. However, it decreases disintegration time and ANC's potency.
Zahra Afifah
197665830
Sonication accelerated formation of Mg Al phosphate layered double hydroxide via sol gel prepared mixed metal oxides
Single phase magnesium aluminium layered double hydroxide (LDH) intercalated with dihydrogen phosphate was successfully produced by hydration of nanopowder of the respective mixed metal oxide (MMO) obtained using sol gel based method followed by a two step anion exchange hydroxide to chloride and chloride to phosphate. The MMO with the metal cation ratio of Mg/Al 2:1 was prepared using the aqueous sol gel method. Processes of the parent Mg2Al OH LDH formation and the successive anion exchanges, ON Cl and Cl H2PO4 were considerably accelerated via the application of high power (1.5 kW) ultrasound. The crystalline phases formed at all stages of the Mg2Al H2PO4 LDH production were characterized using X ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, inductive coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the data of chemical analysis and the XRD data, the type of the intercalated phosphate anion was determined and the arrangement of this anion in the interlayer was modelled.
Scientific Reports
Denis Sokol Daniel E L Vieira Aleksej Zarkov Mario G S Ferreira Aldona Beganskiene Vasili V Rubanik Aleksandr D Shilin Aivaras Kareiva Andrei N Salak
195188051
Synthesis of nickel based layered double hydroxide (LDH) and their adsorption on carbon felt fibres: application as low cost cathode catalyst in microbial fuel cell (MFC)
ABSTRACT Following their successful utilization as novel bioanodes in Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) were tested in the present investigation, as promising cathodes to reduce electrons coming from oxidation of organic matter in the anode compartment, in the presence of oxygen used as successful oxidant. Therefore, the LDH samples Ni3Al LDH with the ionic ratio Ni2+/Al3+ equal to 3, were synthesized and added by adsorption to Carbon Felt (CF) fibres. They were then stored separately in three electrolyte solutions KCl, NiCl2 and AlCl3 used as catholytes in the MFCs. Effects of the active cationic sites located inside the Ni3Al LDH on these electrolytes, were discussed in terms of energies produced by these MFCs. The structure and morphology of the synthesized LDH, were studied by using the analytical techniques XRD, FTIRS and SEM, while the electrode performances of the LDH electrodes were investigated with the electrochemical methods CV and EIS. It was revealed that the CF modified with Ni3Al LDH cathode and conditioned in the NiCl2 electrolyte solution yielded the highest energy harvesting for the MFC (i.e. 3.2 uW/cm2) This power density output was similar to previous clean one compartment MFC. However, it was less expensive than an Enzymatic Fuel Cell (45 uW/cm2) making in evidence the highest cost of the material. Thus, by taking into account these encouraging findings, the low cost materials used in MFCs held great promise for practical application in electrochemical power devices and therefore fruit waste treatment. Abbreviations: ACFC: Air Cathode Fuel Cell; ADEFC: Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell; AFC: Alcaline Fuel Cell; BET: Brunauer Emmett Teller; BFC: Biological Fuel Cell; CF: Carbon Felt; CV: Cyclic Voltammetry; DGFC: Direct Glucose Fuel Cell; DMFC: Direct Methanol Fuel Cell; EFC: Enzymatic Fuel Cell; EIS: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy; FC: Fuel Cell; FTIR: Fourier Transform Infra Red spectroscopy; LDH: Layered Double Hydroxide; MEC: Microbial Electrolysis Cell; MFC: Microbial Fuel Cell; Mg Al LDH: Layered Double Hydroxide Magnesium Aluminium Carbonate; Ni Al LDH: Layered Double Hydroxide Nickel Aluminium; OCP: Open Circuit Potential; SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope; TG/DTA: ThermoGravimetric and Differential Thermal Analysis; XRD: X Ray Diffraction. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Environmental technology
Meriem Djellali Mostefa Kameche Hakima Kebaili Mohamed Mustapha Bouhent Abdellah Benhamou
182877391
The graphene oxide/magnesium aluminium bimetallic hydroxides composite used as solid phase extractant for determination of monoaromatic hydrocarbons in wastewater
ABSTRACT The graphene oxide (GO) and the magnesium aluminium bimetallic hydroxides composite (GO/Mg Al LDH) was used as a solid phase extractant for determination of toluene, ethylbenzene, p xylene, m xylene, o xylene, 1,3,5 trimethylbenzene and 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene in wastewater by gas chromatography mass spectrometry analytical method. When the amount of solid phase extractant was 1.5 g, the extraction time was 6 min, and the elution with 2 mL of chloroform for 3 min, seven monoaromatic hydrocarbons (MAHCs) in 500 mL of water sample can be well extracted and separated. Under the optimised experimental conditions, the mass concentration of each component in the range of 0.01 5 ng/mL has a good linear relationship with the peak area, the coefficients of determination are all greater than 0.995. The relative standard deviation (n 5) and the method detection limit range are 2.9 7.1% and 0.0005 0.005 ng/mL, respectively. The seven of MAHCs in Dongfengqu River and laboratory wastewater of Chengdu University of Technology can be effectively detected, the recovery rate and the relative standard deviation (n 5) are 83.0 110.0% and 3.7 9.4% respectively. For the first time, the GO/Mg Al LDH composite was used as a solid phase extraction material, and seven MAHCs in water were successfully determined by GC MS. The detection method is established with low detection limit and high reproducibility which can meet the measurement requirements of trace MAHCs in wastewater.
International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry
Peng Kang Xiaping Zhu Hongbao Zuo
156050085
Influence of Varying Synthetic Routes on the Physicochemical Properties of Mg Al CO3 and Zn Al CO3 Hydrotalcite Like Compounds: A Comparative Study
Magnesium Aluminium Carbonate Hydrotalcite like Compound (Mg Al CO3 HTlc) and Zinc Aluminium Carbonate Hydrotalcite like Compound (Zn Al CO3 HTlc) with Mg/Al and Zn/Al atomic ratio 2:1 was synthesized by co precipitation and urea hydrolysis methods. Their physicochemical properties were studied using powder X ray diffraction (PXRD) X ray fluorescence spectrophotometry (XRF) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) involving evolved gas analysis (EGA) The PXRD of the synthesized material showed that the crystallinity is influenced by the type of synthetic method and can affect the properties of the hydrotalcite like compounds. The TG, DTA and EGA results showed that three steps of mass loss occurred corresponding to the release of gallery water, structural water and carbon dioxide (from carbonate decomposition) respectively. Thermal treatment up to about 500oC and beyond transforms them into nonstoichiometric metal stable oxides (MgO and ZnO) whose crystallinity is lower than that of the precursor and then into stable spinel with no further mass loss following the transformation. Derivatives of urea hydrolysis method gave better ordered and more crystalline Mg2AlCO3 HTlc but with smaller unit cell. Variation in synthesis route can influence the mode of stacking of the layers, order of the interlayer anions and water molecules in the gallery space and attraction between the interlayer anions and the hydroxyl ions of the metal hydroxide layers.
European Scientific Journal ESJ
Selina Ilunakan Omonmhenle Ian J Shannon
86532971
Magical Myth of Magic Mouth Wash
One of the most challenging aspects of treating patients with chemotherapy is the management of the associated complications. Recurrent infections, refractory cytopenias, frequent transfusions, antibiotic resistance etc. are the commonly encountered hurdles. During the chemotherapy phase, maintaining good nutritional balance of the patients undergoing treatment is of utmost importance. Poor oral intake in cancer patients may be due to multiple reasons, one of them is chemoradiotherapy induced oral mucositis (CRIOM) In many cases, CRIOM can be worse enough to reduce the dose of drugs for subsequent cycles. CRIOM has many direct and/or indirect negative impacts like reducting oral intake thereby contributing to malnutrition, serving as a potential ground of infection and port of entry for microbes, precipitating hypoalbuminemia thereby aggravating the toxicities of chemotherapeutic drugs. Magic mouth wash (MMW) or equivalent formulations are commonly prescribed by oncologists as a potential remedy for CRIOM related discomfort. By virtue of its name, there is false perception about the efficacy of MMW. It is important for both the patients and clinicians not to expect any 'magic' out of MMW. Currently, there are at least twenty plus formulations marketed under various trade names. There is no standard formula available for MMW and different institutions have their own formulations. Recently, Chan et al. did a survey involving US based pharmacists from different institutions [1] According to their survey, the most common ingredients used to prepare MMW were diphenhydramine, viscous lidocaine, corticosteroids, magnesium hydroxide/aluminium hydroxide, and nystatin. Uberoi et al. through their paper pointed out the concerns with regards to cost of MMW, its effectiveness and side effects [2] Concern about the effectiveness of MMW is not new and many studies in past have shown no superior outcome when compared to the home made solutions [2] It has ingredients with local anaesthetic, anti histaminic and antacid properties and hence with major actions being local, in true terms we should not expect any magic from MMW. Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer and International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for mucositis do not support the use of mixed compound formulated solutions [3] Panel recommended cryotherapy, low level laser therapy, patient controlled analgesia with morphine and benzydamine mouthwash in various clinical scenarios (Level of evidence I/II) Benzydamine, in addition to its NSAID property also inhibits thromboxane and prostaglandin biosynthesis thereby having local mucosal healing property [4] As mentioned by Uberoi et al. purchasing price of an ounce of pharmacy formulated MMW is huge. This subconciously raises the expectations of patients from MMW who in most cases pay out of their own pocket [2] As a responsible physician, it is our responsibility to educate our patients about the expectations while using MMW. Many patients are also bothered from the numbness and drowsiness in association with MMW use and hence should be made aware of the possible side effects (2) Many pharmacies have their local formulations incorporating additional ingredients like clotrimazole, metronidazole etc. which themselves are very sour to taste [5] There is no Kamal Kant Sahu drkksahu85@gmail.com
Indian Journal of Hematology and Blood Transfusion
Kamal Kant Sahu Ajay Kumar Mishra Akil Sherif
104751497
RANITIDINE CONTROLLED RELEASE ANTI REFLUX SUSPENSION FOR GASTRO OESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE AND IT'S IN VITRO EVALUATION
Objective: The aim of this work was to develop triple action controlled release anti reflux suspension of ranitidine and its in vitro evaluation of anti reflux and controlled release properties. Methods: The formulation was optimized using sodium alginate as a gelling agent along with calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide as alkalizing agents and colloidal microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as a suspending agent at various concentrations and arrived at an optimized formulation for its best quality attributes. To avoid initial release in water before administration, ranitidine coated MCC sphere was incorporated into powder formulation and subjected to in vitro characteristics like raft strength, acid neutralizing capacity, pH, viscosity and dissolution study. The obtained results were assessed using Minitab 17 statistical software to conclude the study design. Results: Formulation containing 300 mg of ranitidine along with 750 mg alginate has shown better anti reflux characteristics like raft strength 18+ 2g, acid neutralizing capacity 17+ 1 mEq compared to other formulations. This formulation has also shows zero order controlled release in the simulated gastric fluid (SGF) up to 10 h compared to the formulation without alginate. Further, to this optimized formulation has shown negligible change in the assay of ranitidine even after 3 mo at 40 degC temperature and 75% RH. Conclusion: The developed stable sustained release powder for suspension has the combined therapeutic efficacy as an antacid and anti reflux drug suitable for the management and treatment of gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) unlike the existing drugs possessing only reflux resistance action.
Sangmesh Raosaheb Torne Angappan Sheela Nallani Chakravarthula Sarada
145047085
An experimental and numerical model for the release of acetone from decomposing EVA containing aluminium magnesium or calcium hydroxide fire
Recent studies have identified acetone as an unexpected pyrolysis product of EVA containing aluminium or magnesium hydroxide fire retardants. It is thought that the freshly formed, open pored, metal oxide, a thermal decomposition product of the metal hydroxide, traps acetic acid released from EVA and catalyses its conversion to acetone. Such a ketonisation reaction is well established but the intermediate steps that result in acetic acid conversion to acetone in the presence of a metal oxide, trapped within the polymer matrix, have not been reported. This study used three model metal acetates: aluminium acetate, magnesium acetate and calcium acetate, to chemically represent the proposed metal acetate intermediate complexes. This provides crucial information on the kinetics of acetic acid trapping and subsequent acetone release during decomposition studied by TGA FTIR, which has been used to generate kinetic models within a pyrolysis programme (ThermaKin) in order to quantitatively understand the processes occurring in fire retardant EVA. The benefit of using metal acetates is that they are simple enough to allow isolation of the chemical process of interest from the complications of acetic acid release from EVA and transport through the polymer matrix.
Diana Eid Rhebatb Artur Witkowskia Thierry Richard
223481243
Increase of service life of friction units of machines and mechanisms with the use of serpentine tribopreparations
This paper describes the creation of a stable mineralogy and tribological composition based on large tonnage wastes of the Saranovsky mining enterprise. The tributary composition 'Saranovsky' is a particle of the lizardite mineral the main tribological component of serpentine. Its crystals are formed in the monoclinic system. Tribo composition was obtained by grinding the feedstock on a spherical planetary mill to nanoscale values. The presence of strong surface molecular forces of the nanopowder leads to the aggregation of small particles into larger particles and the formation of conglomerates with sizes ranging from a few to tens of microns. The study of the diffractogram showed that it contains: (Mg, Al)3(Si, Fe)2O5 aluminium iron magnesium silicon, lizardite 1T the main mineral of the serpentine group; NiSi2O5(OH)4 nickel silicate hydroxide, pecoratite 2Mc1 is a secondary mineral of the serpentine group, as an impurity, and Ni5Al4O11*18H2O is an impurity of nickel aluminium oxide hydroxide. Tests have shown that with the introduction of the Saranovsky composition into mineral engine oil of the M 10G2K brand, its tribotechnical characteristics correspond to the world's best Mobil engine oil with a friction coefficient of about 0.04. The 250 hour operational tests of the tribo composition at FGBNU VNIITiN in the diesels of three Russian tractors showed a decrease in fuel consumption by 5 8% oil loss by 10 12% gas opacity by 8 15% and iron content in oils by 20 25% The features of the formation on the friction surfaces of carbon containing coatings and their properties are also investigated.
S N Sharifullin M N Filkov A V Dunaev I B Trishkin
212572840
In Vitro Evaluation of Antiulcer Activity of A Polyherbal Mixture
The present study was performed to assess the in vitro acid neutralizing capacity and H /K ATPase inhibition activity of a chloroform extract of polyherbal mixture. In acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) the extract significantly reduced ANC to 7.3 at concentration of 1500mg as compared to 13.7 with standard Aluminium hydroxide+Magnesium hydroxide (500mg) While in H /K ATPase inhibition activity, the extract showed maximum percentage inhibition of 63.78% at the concentration 100mg as compared to 69.76% with standard Omeprazole. The IC 50 value of chloroform extract of polyherbal mixture is 53.43 mg in comparison with standard Omeprazole 56.45 mg. The study reveals that the chloroform extract of polyherbal mixture may contain compounds possessing antacid and enzyme inhibition activity and thus can be used as an alternative medicine for gastrointestinal diseases.
Sumia Fatima Dr C Ramesh Abdul Saheel Qureshi