BOPS
225324552
The effects of BOPS implementation under different pricing strategies in omnichannel retailing
Abstract Many retailers have recently implemented buy online and pick up in store (BOPS) by integrating their online and offline channels. In this paper, considering a retailer who sells products through both online and offline channels, we develop a theoretical model to study the effects of BOPS adoption. Using our model, we first analyze how adoption of BOPS affects a retailer's optimal prices, total demand and profit under consistent and inconsistent pricing strategies where a retailer employs the same pricing strategy both before and after BOPS implementation. We then conduct a comparative analysis of the two pricing strategies, discussing which one is most profitable to the retailer. Subsequently, we analyze the scenario where a retailer uses consistent pricing before BOPS adoption and inconsistent pricing afterwards and the scenario where a retailer uses inconsistent pricing before BOPS adoption and consistent pricing afterwards. We conduct numerical studies to obtain insights on when BOPS is most advantageous and which pricing strategy is better to use. Our study results show that BOPS is not always beneficial to the retailer, depending on the unit operating cost and customer hassle cost in the BOPS channel and the cross selling profit. We also identify under what conditions a retailer is better off under different scenarios. Moreover, we find that BOPS is more beneficial to the retailer under inconsistent pricing especially when the unit operating cost in the BOPS channel is lower.
Ruixiao Kong Li Luo Liuxin Chen Matthew F Keblis
219476535
Coordinated inventory policies for meeting demands from both store and online BOPS channels
Abstract When Internet and eCommerce become more popular, an increasing number of people prefer to shop online rather than in store. As a result, many local stores are being shut down. To help keep retailer's store open and improve its competitiveness, many stores at present incorporate the "buy online, pick up in store" (BOPS) service. This has given rise to new challenges in deciding how to allocate the limited store shelf spaces to meet both store and BOPS demands. Our optimal decisions of product order quantity and inventory allocation for meeting dual channel demands include constraints on probability in satisfying in store demands and limitation of total inventory space. This study develops four models representing the traditional situation without the BOPS service: benchmark model; separated inventory and separated order for two channels; joint inventory but separated order for two channels; and joint inventory and joint order for two channels. Extensive single and multiple variable experiments explores impact of changing model parameter values (e.g. BOPS demand, cross selling effect) to expected total profits and optimal order quantities. Conditions of which model leads to larger profits are discussed.
Comput. Ind. Eng.
Jye-Chyi Lu Yifan Yang Shu-yi Han Yu-Chung Tsao Yuxuan Xin
225563084
Designing Buy Online and Pick Up in Store (BOPS) Contract of Dual Channel Low Carbon Supply Chain considering Consumers' Low Carbon Preference
Nowadays, buy online and pick up in store (BOPS) is a popular sales project to promote product sales. Implementing BOPS in the dual channel low carbon supply chain (DLSC) can not only improve low carbon manufacturers' profit but also reduce energy consumption in it. This paper focuses on how to design the contract which can ensure the implementation of BOPS in the DLSC consisting of one manufacturer and one retailer considering consumers' low carbon preference. Based on the analysis of game theory, two kinds of BOPS contract (MW contract with the dominant manufacturer making decision on wholesale price and RW contract with the dominant retailer making decision on wholesale price) with fixed compensation are designed and compared to obtain the better contract which is more effective on the implementation of BOPS. The findings show that MW contract is better than RW contract for the DLSC to implement BOPS. When consumers' low carbon preference and BOPS preference and the anti cross price elasticity are high enough, the DLSC can implement BOPS under the MW contract because it has Pareto efficiency on the profit of the original DLSC. We further find the sales price is decreasing in consumers' low carbon preference and anti cross price elasticity, while the wholesale price is increasing in consumers' low carbon preference. Finally, the results are verified by numerical examples.
Yali Zhang Jingyi Li Bing Xu
213514816
Joint Decision on Pricing and Ordering for Omnichannel BOPS Retailers: Considering Online Returns
Uncertainty in demand and high online return rates tend to generate a large inventory backlog after a hot selling season. Some well known companies such as Burberry and H&M choose to burn these backlogs, which is very unfavorable to the sustainable development of enterprises and society. The omnichannel BOPS (Buy Online and Pickup in Store) provides consumers with a new and convenient choice of purchasing channels. Considering the probability of online return, we build expected profit models for retailers before and after opening a BOPS channel based on consumer surplus and purchase ratio via an online channel, store channel, and BOPS channel. Then, we prove the existence of optimal solutions and obtain the joint optimization decision on pricing and ordering. The results show that, under certain conditions, when the proportion of online channel buyers increases, the retailers' optimal decision before opening a BOPS channel is to reduce the price and increase the order quantity, and the retailers' optimal decision after opening a BOPS channel is to simultaneously reduce the price and the order quantity. Whether or not a BOPS channel is opened, when the purchase proportion of store channel increases, the optimal decision of retailers is to increase the price and order quantity at the same time. Furthermore, when the online return rate, the cost of online shopping, the inconvenient cost of the store channel, and the inconvenience of the BOPS channel relative to store channel increase, the optimal decision of retailers is to simultaneously reduce the price and order quantity. Moreover, when the maximum psychological value of the product increases, the optimal decision is to reduce the order quantity while increasing the price. In addition, the opening of a BOPS channel increases optimal price, optimal order quantity, and maximum expected profit.
Jinrong Liu Qi Xu
214476086
A Novel Discount Mechanism for Buy Online PickUp in Store (BOPS)
Buy online pickup in store (BOPS) is one of the omnichannel fulfillment strategies which is gaining lots of popularity among omnichannel stakeholders. For this purpose, few large retailers have adopted BOPS strategy while many more are in queue to adopt for BOPS's benefits to expand their business. To attract the customer to use BOPS environment, retailers often offer various discounts on products and services. In this paper, a novel discount strategy is proposed under BOPS environment to benefit both consumers and retailers. In this mechanism, the customer would be delighted through different discount categories which are based on travel distance to pick their order. To get depth insight into this strategy, a numerical illustration is enumerated. This strategy would be useful to the new market entrant in this area for expanding their business through leveraging such BOPS schemes.
Vinay Surendra Yadav A R Singh
226337480
Impacts of the BOPS Option on Sustainable Retailing
This paper focuses on the value of an omnichannel retailing option, Buy Online and Pick up in Store (BOPS) in reducing environmental impact. Analytical models were established to explore the impacts of the BOPS strategy on the pricing and expected profit of the dual channel retailer as well as the environment. The equilibrium solutions under dual channel and omnichannel scenarios were obtained. Then, we considered the impact of loyal store consumers in the extended model. We find that the retailer will increase the product price after adopting the BOPS strategy. Our analytical results also show that when the operating cost of the BOPS strategy is relatively low, the total demand under the omnichannel scenario is greater than that under the dual channel scenario and vice versa. In addition, this strategy can always reduce the environmental impact in terms of the pure online demand. Finally, when the operating cost is lower and the fraction of consumers without channel preference is higher, the retailer can benefit from the BOPS strategy. In this case, the BOPS strategy can achieve profit improvement and environmental impact reduction.
Yi He Qianqian Xu Da Zhao
231576043
BOPS: a Matlab toolbox to batch musculoskeletal data processing for OpenSim
Abstract This paper presents Batch OpenSim Processing Scripts (BOPS) a Matlab toolbox for batch processing common OpenSim procedures: Inverse Kinematics, Inverse Dynamics, Muscle Analysis, Static Optimization, and Joint Reaction Analysis. BOPS is an easy to use and highly configurable tool that aims to reduce the time required to process large datasets, thus fostering the adoption of musculoskeletal modeling and simulations in daily practice. Its graphical user interface includes pre defined setup files and has been designed to fulfill the needs of different research projects by simplifying the customization of the procedures, facilitating the analysis, and boosting research group collaborations. BOPS is released under Apache License 2.0, and its source code is freely available on SimTK and GitHub.
Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering
Bruno Luiz Souza Bedo Alice Mantoan Danilo S Catelli Willian Cruaud Monica Reggiani Mario Lamontagne
8092418
Determinants of the intention to use Buy Online, Pickup In Store (BOPS) The moderating effects of situational factors and product type
Abstract Despite the wider introduction of the buy online and pick up in store (BOPS) service by retailers, research on BOPS is still sparse, especially those from the consumer perspective. This paper employs the scenario based factorial survey method to investigate how the perceived characteristics of innovation and the perceived risk of online shopping influence the consumers' intention to use BOPS while also considering the moderating effects of situational factors (location convenience) and product type (involvement) Our findings indicated that the consumer perceptions of relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, and risks involved in online shopping are important antecedents to intention to use BOPS, and that these relationships were significantly moderated by locational convenience and product involvement. The implications of the findings and suggestions for future research are discussed in detail.
Telematics Informatics
Eunhye Kim Myeongcheol Park Jongtaek Lee
13736354
BOPS, Not FLOPS! A New Metric and Roofline Performance Model For Datacenter Computing
For emerging datacenter (in short, DC) workloads, such as online Internet services or offline data analytics, how to evaluate the upper bound performance and provide apple to apple comparisons are fundamental problems. To this end, a unified computation centric metric is an essential requirement. As the most important computation centric performance metric, FLOPS has guided computing systems evolutions for many years. However, our observations demonstrate that the average FLOPS efficiency of the DC workloads is only 0.1% which implies that FLOPS is inappropriate for DC computing. To address the above issue, we propose BOPS (Basic Operations Per Second) which is the average number of BOPs (Basic OPerations) completed per second. We conduct the analysis on the characteristics of seventeen typical DC workloads and extract the minimum representative computation operations set, which is composed of integer and floating point computation operations of arithmetic, comparing and array addressing. Then, we propose the formalized BOPS definition and the BOPS based upper bound performance model. Finally, the BOPS measuring tool is also implemented. We perform experiments with seventeen DC workloads on three typical Intel processors platforms. First, BOPS can reflect the performance gap of different computing systems, the bias between the peak BOPS performance gap and the average DC workloads' wall clock time gap is no more than 10% Second, the Sort workload can achieve 32% BOPS efficiency on the experimental platform. At last, we present two use cases of BOPS. One is the BOPS based system evaluation, we illustrate that BOPS can compare performance of workloads from multiple domains. The other is BOPS based optimizations. We show that under the guiding of the BOPS based upper bound model, the Sort workload and the Redis workload achieve 4.4X and 1.2X performance improvements respectively.
Luyu Wang Jianfeng Zhan Wanling Gao Kaiyong Yang Zihan Jiang Rui Ren Xiwen He Chunjie Luo
106392420
Rapid prototyping of shrinkable BOPS based microfluidic devices
Biaxially oriented polystyrene (BOPS) is a commercialized packaging material, which has the advantages of biocompatibility, non toxic, transparency, light weight and cost effective. Due to the stress accumulated from both directions in plane during the fabrication process, when BOPS was reheated above the glass transition temperature, an isotropic shrinkage will occur. This study proposed a low cost and rapid prototyping method for the fabrication of BOPS based microfluidics device. Both laser ablation and micro milling were used for the fabrication of microchannels on the surface of the BOPS sheet, after thermal induced shrinkage, microchannels with finer microstructure could be achieved. For the sealing of fabricated microchannels on BOPS, two approaches were made using a layer of BOPS or a layer of polyester adhesive film. The thermal induced shrinkage and bonding strength were carefully studied in this study. Several microfluidic devices, including a droplet generator and a diffusion mixer were also fabricated for demonstration. The proposed fabrication method for BOPS based microfluidics is simple, rapid, cost effective and without the requirement of cleanroom facility, with help of thermal induced shrinkage, finer structure with high resolution could be achieved with conventional lab tools.
Yiqiang Fan Hongliang Wang Shicheng Liu Jingji Liu Kexin Gao Yajun Zhang