framework method qualitative data
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Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi disciplinary health research
BackgroundThe Framework Method is becoming an increasingly popular approach to the management and analysis of qualitative data in health research. However, there is confusion about its potential application and limitations.DiscussionThe article discusses when it is appropriate to adopt the Framework Method and explains the procedure for using it in multi disciplinary health research teams, or those that involve clinicians, patients and lay people. The stages of the method are illustrated using examples from a published study.SummaryUsed effectively, with the leadership of an experienced qualitative researcher, the Framework Method is a systematic and flexible approach to analysing qualitative data and is appropriate for use in research teams even where not all members have previous experience of conducting qualitative research.
BMC Medical Research Methodology
Nicola Kay Gale Gemma Heath Elaine Cameron Sabina Faiz Rashid Sabi Redwood
218469944
Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131
Abstract Thematic analysis is a widely used, yet often misunderstood, method of qualitative data analysis. It is a useful and accessible tool for qualitative researchers, but confusion regarding the method's philosophical underpinnings and imprecision in how it has been described have complicated its use and acceptance among researchers. In this Guide, we outline what thematic analysis is, positioning it in relation to other methods of qualitative analysis, and describe when it is appropriate to use the method under a variety of epistemological frameworks. We also provide a detailed definition of a theme, as this term is often misapplied. Next, we describe the most commonly used six step framework for conducting thematic analysis, illustrating each step using examples from our own research. Finally, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of this method and alert researchers to pitfalls to avoid when using thematic analysis. We aim to highlight thematic analysis as a powerful and flexible method of qualitative analysis and to empower researchers at all levels of experience to conduct thematic analysis in rigorous and thoughtful way.
Medical teacher
Michelle E Kiger Lara Varpio
146858795
How do occupants decide their interactions with the building? From qualitative data to a psychological framework of human building interaction
Abstract Because human interaction with buildings significantly influences the energy consumption of buildings, predicting this type of behavior has become increasingly important in recent years. Improvement of understanding provides a basis for improving the quality of behavior predicting models and requires an adequate consideration of the context of human building interactions. The relevant context must be thoroughly identified and organized, and the knowledge gleaned from this analysis can then be used to theoretically conceptualize the problem. It is a plausible assumption that models and theories from disciplines traditionally dealing with human behavior, namely psychology and sociology, are best suited to conceptualize energy relevant human interactions with buildings. A method for the identification and organization of relevant context attributes and their interrelations was proposed in Ref. [1] Based on the results presented there, this paper exemplifies the transition from this qualitative knowledge of context to the conceptualization of a problem specific psychological theory that promotes a better understanding and predictability of energy relevant interaction with buildings. The aspect chosen to illustrate this process, which is considerably developed in this paper, refers to the decision processes of the building occupant that occur prior to executing the interaction.
Jorn von Grabe
3024083
Qualitative data analysis: the framework approach.
Qualitative methods are invaluable for exploring the complexities of health care and patient experiences in particular. Diverse qualitative methods are available that incorporate different ontological and epistemological perspectives. One method of data management that is gaining in popularity among healthcare researchers is the framework approach. We will outline this approach, discuss its relative merits and provide a working example of its application to data management and analysis.
Nurse researcher
Joanna Smith Jill Firth
62208740
Framework analysis: a method for analysing qualitative data
Framework analysis is now an established method of data analysis used by many qualitative researchers. The method was developed by specialist researchers exploring important aspects of society in order to influence social policy in the UK. The method has five distinct phases that are interlinked and form a methodical and rigorous framework. These phases enable researchers to understand and interpret data, and move from descriptive accounts to a conceptual explanation of what is happening from the data of participants in the study. The method is transparent and enables teams of researchers to work together. In this article, the phases of framework analysis are explained. The author uses examples of a qualitative research study where data were analysed using the framework method to illustrate the phases.
Christine Furber
52144856
A Framework for Rigorous Qualitative Research as a Component of Mixed Method Rapid Cycle Evaluation
As federal, state, and local governments continue to test innovative approaches to health care delivery, the ability to produce timely and reliable evidence of what works and why it works is crucial. There is limited literature on methodological approaches to rapid cycle qualitative research. The purpose of this article is to describe the advantages and limitations of a broadly applicable framework for in depth qualitative analysis placed within a larger rapid cycle, multisite, mixed method evaluation. This evaluation included multiple cycles of primary qualitative data collection and quarterly and annual reporting. Several strategies allowed us to be adaptable while remaining rigorous; these included planning for multiple waves of qualitative coding, a hybrid inductive/deductive approach informed by a cross program evaluation framework, and use of a large team with specific program expertise. Lessons from this evaluation can inform researchers and evaluators functioning in rapid assessment or rapid cycle evaluation contexts.
Qualitative health research
Megan Skillman Caitlin Cross-Barnet Rachel Friedman Singer Christina Rotondo Sarah Ruiz Adil Moiduddin
4271963
Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi structured interview guide.
AIM To produce a framework for the development of a qualitative semi structured interview guide. BACKGROUND Rigorous data collection procedures fundamentally influence the results of studies. The semi structured interview is a common data collection method, but methodological research on the development of a semi structured interview guide is sparse. DESIGN Systematic methodological review. DATA SOURCES We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science for methodological papers on semi structured interview guides from October 2004 September 2014. Having examined 2,703 titles and abstracts and 21 full texts, we finally selected 10 papers. REVIEW METHODS We analysed the data using the qualitative content analysis method. RESULTS Our analysis resulted in new synthesized knowledge on the development of a semi structured interview guide, including five phases: (1) identifying the prerequisites for using semi structured interviews; (2) retrieving and using previous knowledge; (3) formulating the preliminary semi structured interview guide; (4) pilot testing the guide; and (5) presenting the complete semi structured interview guide. CONCLUSION Rigorous development of a qualitative semi structured interview guide contributes to the objectivity and trustworthiness of studies and makes the results more plausible. Researchers should consider using this five step process to develop a semi structured interview guide and justify the decisions made during it.
Journal of advanced nursing
Hanna Kallio A-M Pietila Martin Johnson Mari K Kangasniemi
147258771
Applying critical realism in qualitative research: methodology meets method
Abstract Critical realism (CR) is a useful philosophical framework for social science; however, little guidance is available on which precise methods including methods of data collection, coding, and analysis are best suited to applied CR research. This article provides a concrete example of applied qualitative research using CR as a philosophical and methodological framework. Drawing examples from a study of Canadian farm women's experiences with agricultural policy, I suggest a flexible deductive process of coding and data analysis that is consistent with CR ontology and epistemology. The paper follows the typical stages of qualitative research while demonstrating the application of methods informed by CR at each stage. Important considerations CR ontology and epistemology raise, such as the use of existing theory and critical engagement with participants' knowledge and experience, are discussed throughout. Ultimately, I identify two key causal mechanisms shaping the lives of farm women and suggest a future direction for feminist political economy theory to more effectively analyze women's work in agricultural contexts.
Amber J Fletcher
6692219
African Primary Care Research: Qualitative data analysis and writing results
Abstract This article is part of a series on African primary care research and gives practical guidance on qualitative data analysis and the presentation of qualitative findings. After an overview of qualitative methods and analytical approaches, the article focuses particularly on content analysis, using the framework method as an example. The steps of familiarisation, creating a thematic index, indexing, charting, interpretation and confirmation are described. Key concepts with regard to establishing the quality and trustworthiness of data analysis are described. Finally, an approach to the presentation of qualitative findings is given.
African journal of primary health care family medicine
Langalibalele Honey Mabuza Indiran Govender Gboyega Adebola Ogunbanjo Bob Mash
4426778
What we talk about when we talk about recovery: a systematic review and best fit framework synthesis of qualitative literature
Abstract Background: The recovery approach is increasingly popular among mental health services, but there is a lack of consensus about its applicability and it has been criticised for imposing professionalised ideas onto what was originally a service user concept. Aims: To carry out a review and synthesis of qualitative research to answer the question: "What do we know about how service users with severe and enduring mental illness experience the process of recovery?" It was hoped that this would improve clarity and increase understanding. Method: A systematic review identified 15 peer reviewed articles examining experiences of recovery. Twelve of these were analysed using best fit framework synthesis, with the CHIME model of recovery providing the exploratory framework. Results: The optimistic themes of CHIME accounted for the majority of people's experiences, but more than 30% of data were not felt to be encapsulated. An expanded conceptualisation of recovery is proposed, in which difficulties are more prominently considered. Conclusions: An overly optimistic, professionally imposed view of recovery might homogenise or even blame individuals rather than empower them. Further understanding is needed of different experiences of recovery, and of people's struggles to recover.
Journal of mental health
Simon Robertson Stuart Louise Tansey Ethel Quayle