Palak landge
116239200
Design and Evaluation of Software Tool for Optimal Design of Sprinkler Irrigation System
Introduction In the global scenario, the demand for water has been on the rise from all water user sectors. Agriculture is one of the most water demanding and consuming user sector in India and worldwide. India is blessed with abundant water resources, however, due to various physiographic constraints, existing legal constraints and the present method of utilization, the utilizable water for irrigation is very limited. Further, the misuse of water leads to water logging and salt problems when considered with the utilization for agriculture. In India, the irrigated area consists of about 36 percent of the net sown area. Presently, the agriculture sector accounts for about 83 per cent of all water uses. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319 7706 Volume 7 Number 02 (2018) Journal homepage: http:/www.ijcmas.com Improving both the efficiency of water uses and water productivity in irrigation require appropriate solutions for design, management and maintenance of irrigation systems. Various software tools proved useful for designing new systems and to improve functioning and management of systems under operation. In this complex context, it is important that farmers could rely on instruments and practices that enable a better management of water at the field scale, whatever the irrigation method they adopt. Development of software tool aimed to design and perform cost economics analysis of sprinkler irrigation system. Algorithm prepared according to the actual design of the sprinkler irrigation system and then the interface was prepared in Visual Basic Studio 2008 C language. The step by step procedure followed in the design of the sprinkler irrigation system by providing different screens with the design of different accessories on along. Initially software tool calculates the crop water requirement for the crops included in database as the CROPWAT is linked with it. Furthermore, the selection of sprinkler, lateral, submain and main in terms of diameter and length done on the basis of permissible head loss. Provided simple informative bullets and tabs are easy to understand to perform the operation. Software allows user to alternate the values at distant stages besides database on the basis of field conditions that ultimately increase practical applicability of the tool. The software tool minimizes the time required for design and also quotation for the survey. K e y w o r d s Design, Sprinkler irrigation system, C language, Cost economics Accepted: 24 January 2018 Available Online: 10 February 2018 Article Info Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(2) 2660 2677 2661 In the sprinkler method of irrigation, water is sprayed into the air and allowed to fall on the ground surface somewhat resembling rainfall. The spray is developed by the flow of water under pressure through small orifices or nozzles. The pressure is usually obtained by pumping. With careful selection of nozzle sizes, operating pressure and sprinkler spacing the amount of irrigation water required to refill the crop root zone can be applied nearly uniform at the rate to suit the infiltration rate of soil. Virtually, all computer based decision support systems for irrigation management developed during the past forty years have evolved from the ground breaking work of Jensen and others in the late 1960's (Jensen, 1969; Jensen et al. 1970) There have been wide variations in detail and format, but not in the underlying management paradigm. Essentially, all such programs have been designed for conventional irrigation, i.e. irrigation to meet crop water demands in order to avoid crop stress that would reduce yields or quality. Farmers with small land holdings cannot afford an engineer to design a Micro irrigation system for their fields and poorly designed and installed systems leads to poor efficiency. There is much software available for Microirrigation system design. Virtually, all computer based decision support systems for irrigation management developed during the past forty years. There are few commercial software tools available for design, but these cannot be afforded by small farmers. Materials and Methods The present study deals with the objectives to develop user friendly software for optimal design of sprinkler irrigation system. A stepby step checklist of the procedure normally used in planning a sprinkler irrigation system follows design and selection of lateral, submain and mainline that can yield the minimum total cost for a predetermined annual period of operation and fulfil the hydraulics of the sprinkler irrigation system. Design of sprinkler irrigation system Proper design of sprinkler irrigation system for the individual field is very important for successful execution of the design of sprinkler irrigation system. The following assumptions are made in development of software for design of sprinkler irrigation system. The fields are of regular shape, viz. square or rectangle The land slope generally varies from 0.05 to 0.20 per cent in heavy soils and 0.25 to 0.65 per cent in light soil. Hence, in this study the fields are considered to be fairly leveled in topography. If field having some slope along length or width then user need to specify it on design of lateral window of developed software in percent. The fields have no hindrances for laying of submain lateral. The outlet valves are required to connect the field mains with the network main line. A valve with single outlet permits irrigation in one direction where as a valve with two outlets permit irrigation in two different directions. Such valve is supposed to be located at the midpoint of a short dimension of the field boundary. The main line is laid along the length of field only and they do not cross the fields. The selection of emitter is based on crop water requirement per cent wetted area of that crop and the soil type. The soil is considered homogenous for a field. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(2) 2660 2677 2662 The size of lateral submain main is to be selected from the available range of the pipes. The design procedure for the design of the sprinkler irrigation system is discussed in this section. Irrigation requirement The irrigation requirement is the amount of water that must be applied to meet crop needs in its life cycle. For a particular irrigation period, it is a sum of daily irrigation required during the irrigation period. The required timing and amount of applied water is to be determined by the prevailing climatic conditions, the crop and its stage of growth, soil properties (such as water holding capacity) and the extent of root development. Water within the crop root zone is prevailed to be the source of water for crop evapotranspiration. Thus, it is important to consider the reference crop evapotranspiration and crop coefficient to determine the irrigation water requirements. Reference crop evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration is a complex phenomenon and depends on several Climatological factors, such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, radiation, and type and growth stage of crop. In this study, the average daily reference evapotranspiration for 32 years (1985 2016) estimated using CROPWAT software.
P R Landge Mahesh Kothari S R Bhakar P R Patil Mangal Patil
99747897
SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL SCREENING OF NEW TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES
Palak Landge Viral Patel
70568189
ANTIOXIDANTS: MIRACLE FOR AGE AND AGE RELATED DISORDERS
Palak Landge Stuti Dave Abhishek Jagani Ruchit Patel
58561677
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF HERBS FREQUENTLY USED IN MARKETED ANTI DANDRUFF HERBAL SHAMPOOS
Shalini Sharma U M Upadhayay Palak Landge Sunil Mistry Siddhi Upadhyay
53941287
ALOPECIA A MAJOR CURSE TO BEAUTY PALAK LANDGE
PALAK LANDGE ABSTRACT Alopecia is most serious medical condition, due to loss of hair from some or all areas of body, mainly scalp. There are different types of alopecia such as diffuse alopecia areata, alopecia areata monolocularis, alopecia areata barbae, and alopecia areata totalis. The condition occurs in 0.1%0.2% of person of any age group or any sex like late teenage, early childhood, young adult hood. There can be different causes of alopecia such as genetic, drug induced, environmental, emotional stress etc. It is an embarrassing condition for any person, as he/she looks more aged than normal. Many types of treatment are available to treat alopecia in different system of medicine like allopathic, homeopathic, ayurveda or can be surgical like transplantation but none of them is fully satisfactory. To avoid or reduce unwanted side effects of allopathic drugs most of person switch over to herbal medicine. Various herbs are being used to prevent the hair loss and regrowth of hairs including aloe vera, amla, bhringraj, brahmi, etc.
Palak Landge
213849684
VALUASI EKONOMI BERDASARKAN TRAVEL COST OBJEK WISATA PALAK SIRING KEMUMU KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA
Salah satu manfaat dari keberadaan hutan yaitu wisata alam yang merupakan suatu bentuk wisata yang bertanggung jawab terhadap kelestarian area yang masih alami, serta memberi manfaat secara ekonomi dan mempertahankan keutuhan budaya bagi masyarakat setempat. Objek wisata Palak Siring Kemumu adalah salah satu ekowisata yang terdapat di Provinsi Bengkulu tepatnya di Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara yang memiliki banyak potensi wisata yang belum dinilai secara maksimal. Seringkali penilaian ekonomi kurang optimal sehingga jasa lingkungan dinilai lebih rendah dari sewajarnya (undervalue) atau sering disebut sebagai penilaian bebas (free goods) yang seharusnya memiliki metode khusus dalam pendekatannya. Salah satu nilai ekonomi hutan yaitu wisata alam yang dapat dinilai melalui metode khusus seperti travel cost. Melalui metode khusus ini dapat pula mengetahui karakteristik wisatawan dan valuasi ekonomi objek wisata Palak Siring Kemumu. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 dan Juni 2019 di objek wisata Palak Siring Kemumu. Pengamatan diperoleh dari hasil wawancara langsung dengan responden yaitu wisatawan objek wisata Palak Siring Kemumu melalui kuisioner (survey) sebanyak 100 responden. Untuk mencari valuasi ekonomi objek wisata Palak Siring Kemumu digunakan metode Travel Cost Methode (TCM) dan menentukan karakteristik pengunjung. Karakteristik sosial ekonomi wisatawan objek wisata Palak Siring Kemumu yang paling dominan adalah wisatawan dengan usia 15 24 tahun, tingkat pendidikan terakhir SMK/SMA, pekerjaan mahasiswa atau pelajar, berstatus belum menikah, tujuan wisata untuk refreshing, mengetahui keberadaan lokasi dari informasi lisan seperti keluarga, teman dan saudara. Wisatawan berkunjung dalam satu tahun terakhir sebanyak 1 kali, dan prioritas daya tarik wisata pengunjung adalah untuk melihat air terjun. Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi kunjungan adalah biaya perjalanan dan jarak. Nilai ekonomi objek wisata Palak Siring Kemumu sebesar Rp1.339.235.577/tahun. objek wisata Palak Siring Kemumu merupakan suatu kawasan wisata yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut. Upaya promosi dan pemberian pengetahuan mengenai keberadaan tempat wisata.
Rika Aldina Hasibuan Susatya Agus Senoaji Gunggung
212807187
ANALISIS FINANSIAL PEMANFAATAN OBJEK WISATA ALAM PALAK SIRING SIRING KEMUMU BENGKULU UTARA
Pengembangan wisata alam mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup kuat bagi perkembangan wilayah di daerah sektor objek wisata, karena dapat bertindak sebagai industri sektor utama yaitu sektor unggulan yang mampu meningkatkan perekonomian daerah. Daerah yang memiliki potensi di sektor pariwisata tersebut, harusnya dapat dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan asli daerah dari sektor pariwisata yang ada. Indonesia yang memiliki 34 provinsi dan setiap daerah memiliki potensi pariwisata yang memiliki daya tarik tersendiri, salah satunya di provinsi Bengkulu yang memiliki potensi pariwisata yang besar dan menawarkan objek wisata alam yang menarik untuk dikunjungi. Daerah di Bengkulu dengan potensi pariwisata yang cukup besar adalah kabupaten Bengkulu Utara, tempat wisata yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di Bengkulu Utara yaitu objek wisata alam Palak Siring Kemumu. Objek wisata alam Palak Siring terletak di Kelurahan Kemumu Kecamatan Arma Jaya Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara. Potensi wisata ini merupakan manfaat tak langsung (secondary benefit) dari keindahan panorama alam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengunjung objek wisata alam Palak Siring Kelurahan Kemumu Bengkulu Utara, mengetahui tren jumlah pengunjung objek wisata alam Palak Siring Kelurahan Kemumu Bengkulu Utara, dan untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial objek wisata alam Palak Siring Kelurahan Kemumu Bengkulu Utara. Pengunjung/wisatawan yang dominan datang ke objek wisata alam Palak Siring Kemumu adalah perempuan yang masih berstatus pelajar dan mahasiswa, pengunjung kebanyakan berusia 19 29 tahun dengan pendidikan terakhir SMA sederajat Informasi Pengunjung yang datang ke objek wisata Palak Siring Kemumu sebagian besar baru pertama kali melakukan kunjungan, Informasi dan pengetahuan pengunjung tentang objek wisata alam Palak Siring Kemumu diperoleh dari teman/saudara. Pengunjung biasanya datang bersama kelompok/instansi dan teman, dan berasal dari seluruh lapisan sosial dengan penghasilan Rp.1.500.000 Rp.2.250.000. Berdasarkan waktu kunjungan, objek wisata Palak Siring Kemumu paling dominan di kunjungi wisatawan pada akhir pekan (Sabtu Minggu) Pengunjung mencapai lokasi objek wisata alam Palak Siring Kemumu sebagian besar menggunakan kendaraan pribadi. Pandangan responden terhadap objek wisataalam Palak Siring Kemumu merupakan salah satu langkah awal yang perlu dilakukan dalam rangka melakukan upaya pelestarian lingkungan di kawasan objek wisataalam Palak Siring Kemumu. Pengembangan objek wisata hendaknya lebih memperhatikan dan menyesuaikan fasilitas yang ada dengan karakteristik pengunjung dan gaya hidup dari masing masing pengunjung, agar perencanaan dan pengembangan tepat sasaran. Untuk pengembangan pariwisata kedepan sangat diperlukan sumber daya manusia yang sesuai dengan bidangnya. Perlu memperhatikan dan meningkatkan kebersihan dan keamanan untuk meningkatkan jumlah pengunjung. Kemudian perawatan sarana prasarana memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap kunjungan wisatawan. Promosi juga harus terus digalakkan karena promosi akan meningkatkan jumlah kunjungan ke objek wisata ini. Kemajuan pariwisata tidak lepas dari peran serta masyarakat setempat, untuk itu perlu sosialisasi dengan masyarakat dalam menjaga objek wisata alam Palak Siring Kemumu dalam menyambut wisatawan yang berkunjung ke objek wisata ini.
Anggil Susparinda Senoaji Gunggung Yansen Yansen
3671390
Antioxidant enzyme responses to the oxidative stress due to chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and dieldrin stress in palak (Spinacia oleracea L. and their toxicity alleviation by soil amendments in tropical croplands.
A field experiment was conducted to assess the impact of pesticides viz. chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and dieldrin alone and in combination with different soil amendments like chemical fertilizer, farmyard manure and combination of 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% farmyard manure on the growth, photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress markers: superoxide radical (SOR) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and their consequent damage on lipids in terms of malondialdehyde equivalents and electrolyte leakage, and different antioxidant enzymes activity like superoxide dismutase (SOD) peroxidase (POD) catalase (CAT) glutathione s transferase (GST) ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) in palak (Spinacia oleracea L. grown widely in tropical croplands. The pesticides effect was analyzed at its recommended dose in agriculture for growing plants when applied two times after germination. Our results showed distinct increase in SOR and H2O2 which further manifested in marked oxidative damages in case of pesticides treatment individually that lead to decline in growth characteristics and yield. Further the application of different types of soil amendments led to consistent increase in levels of antioxidant system along with the amelioration in oxidative damage indices which was comparable across the combined treatments. The photosynthetic pigments, yield, antioxidants were maximum in case of pesticides applied in combination with 50% chemical fertilizer and 50% farmyard manure (pesticides+NF) It was apparent from the results that the application of pesticides+NF might be recommended in tropics as it ameliorates oxidative damages and maintains high quality of plant along yield which in turn will lead to no negative consequences on the global population.
The Science of the total environment
Pratibha Singh Sheo Mohan Prasad
36254492
Growth performance, metal accumulation and biochemical responses of Palak (Beta vulgaris L. var. Allgreen H 1) grown on soil amended with sewage sludge fly ash mixtures
Agricultural utilization of sewage sludge (SS) and fly ash (FA) has become both, a common practice and an alternative disposal method for these wastes all around the world. The present study was conducted to assess the effect and viability of co application of SS and FA (SLASH) in four mixing ratios denoted as A [4 (SS) 1(FA) B [4 (SS) 2 (FA) C [4 (SS) 3 (FA) and D [4 (SS) 4(FA) at three application rates viz. 20, 40 and 60% (w/w) with agricultural soil on biochemical, physiological and growth response of Palak (Beta vulgaris L. var. Allgreen H 1) a commonly used green leafy vegetable. SLASH amendment modified the physico chemical properties of soil and increased the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) in soil and plant parts however, within the Indian permissible limit except for Cr, Cd and Zn in shoot. Experimental results revealed decrease in morphological and growth parameters such as root and shoot length, leaf area, root, shoot biomass etc. Lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid, proline and protein content increased however, total chlorophyll and carotenoid content decreased indicating towards heavy metal stress induced biochemical and physiological response in Palak plants. Significant increase in yield was seen in some of the treatments viz. three mixing ratios B, C and D, with maximum increment shown by mixture D at 20 and 40% amendment rate. The results of this study suggest that though SLASH amendment for growing Palak improved the physico chemical properties of soil amended and also the yield of the plants in some treatments, it may not be a good option due to risk of contamination of heavy metals such as Cr, Cd and Zn showing higher accumulation.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Bhavisha Sharma Richa Kothari Rajeev Pratap Singh
193139275
Titik Singgung Islam dan Kepercayaan Tradisi dalam Serat Dahor Palak
Islam Java is being an accommodation between Islam Santri and the traditional faith of Javanese. Geertz stands for these condition with classifying typologies of Javanese community which consists of abangan, santri and priyayi. The classification of Javanese communities is affected by literature produced in the beginning of 17th century, such as Serat Dahor Palak. On the text of Dahor Palak, the emergence of element syncretism seen from selection diction used to figure Allah as the lord of. The story of prophets recorded in the text and illumination with Arabic alphabet on the manuscript are strengthened Islamic image. Philology approach by exposure to descriptive be a proved the point of tangency between Islam and the traditional faith of Javanese community in the text. In the end, this articles provides a syncretism in the Islamic literature produced in the 17th century from language aspect. Islam Jawa menjadi bentuk akomodasi antara 'Islam Santri' dengan sistem kepercayaan masyarakat Jawa. Geertz mengamini kondisi demikian dengan mengklasifikasi tipologi masyarakat Jawa yang terdiri atas abangan, santri, dan priyayi. Pola masyarakat Jawa tersebut selanjutnya mempengaruhi pula produksi karya sastra di awal abad XVII, salah satunya Serat Dahor Palak. Pada teks Dahor Palak, munculnya unsur sinkretis terlihat dari pemilihan diksi yang digunakan untuk melukiskan Allah sebagai sang pencipta. Cerita para nabi yang direkam dalam teks serta iluminasi beraksara Arab pada lembaran lembaran naskah Dahor Palak turut memperkuat citra Islam. Pendekatan filologi dengan pemaparan deskriptif menjadi upaya membuktikan titik singgung antara Islam dengan sistem kepercayaan tradisi dalam teks Dahor Palak. Pada akhirnya, artikel ini memberi gambaran tentang sikretisme dalam produksi sastra Islam abad ke XVII yang dibentuk dari aspek kebahasaannya.
Fajar Wijanarko