Silk printing and dyeing industrial sewage treatment system
216476256
The Engineering Application on the Treatment of Printing Wastewater with High Strength of Ammonia Nitrogen by MABFT
The MABFT high density biological enrichment special denitrification process (modified aeration biological fluidized tank) is applied to the high ammonia nitrogen wastewater treatment project formed by digital printing. The results showed that when the influent NH3 N 300 mg/L, the effluent NH3 N 10mg/L treated by MABFT technology, the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was as high as 98.9% and all indexes in effluent would meet the requirements of the People's Republic of China's Discharge standards of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry for new plants. Providing reference for the treatment of similar high ammonia wastewater. Introduction A digital printing enterprise in Zhejiang Province, China has built two sets of air flotation treatment facilities for production wastewater and sludge dewatering system, which mainly remove suspended solids and part of COD. With the increasingly stringent environmental protection standards, in order to better implement the task of emission reduction, it is decided to build a set of high ammonia denitrification treatment system. The system is suitable for the water quality characteristic of wastewater from digital printing production, and can better meet various emission standards such as ammonia nitrogen. Design of Inlet and Outlet Water Quality and Treatment Capacity The company is mainly engaged in the production of high grade silk printing. The main sources of pollution in the discharged wastewater are: pulp, dyes, additives, surfactants, etc. The color of wastewater shows green on the whole. The water quality index of raw water to be treated is as follows: the value of chemical oxygen demand is less than or equal to 500 mg/L, the mass concentration of ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 300 mg/L, the chromaticity color is less than or equal to 100 times. After the treatment, the target water quality meets the indirect discharge standard of water pollutants for newly built enterprises in Discharge standards of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry of the People's Republic of China, ie chemical oxygen demand (COD) 200 mg/L, ammonia nitrogen (NH3 N) 20 mg/L, chromaticity color 80 times, pH range of 6 to 9. The designed processing capacity can reach 480 m 3 /d. Denitrification Process Wastewater Treatment Process The wastewater treatment process is shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Flow chart of wastewater treatment process. Technological Process The wastewater from the workshop production is collected through the pipe network and then entered the built underground pre aeration regulating pool. The function of the regulating tank is to adjust the water quantity and homogenize the water quality. The wastewater from the regulating tank is pumped into the existing primary air flotation system by a lifting pump. After mixing and flocculation reaction, the organic pollutants form coarse alum with the suspended solids and the colloids. The sludge is then separated by air flotation and treated in the dehydration system. The effluent of the primary air flotation system enters the integrated multistage MABFT [1,2] treatment system via the intermediate pool and the lifting pump. In this system, the wastewater is adjusted by adding alkali to the corresponding pH and entered sequentially the aerobic nitrification reaction zone with different concentration gradients (high speed nitrification reaction zone and low speed nitrification reaction zone) [3] Using the immobilization of high density aerated biofluidized ecological membrane fillers, under the conditions of aeration oxygenation, gas flow shearing and turbulence, the organic matter in the wastewater is fully contacted with the microorganism adsorbed by the carrier filler, so that it can be biodegraded. Therefore, the process has good biological denitrification performance and organic matter removal effect [4] The effluent after biochemical treatment flows into the secondary sedimentation tank under the action of gravity, and the sludge is completely returned to the front end to ensure the concentration of microorganisms and reduce the generation of excess sludge. The effluent of the secondary clarifier is further removed by the secondary air flotation system to achieve the discharge standard. New Main Structures and Equipment Parameters (1) Intermediate pool. An intermediate pool was constructed with an effective volume of 50 m 3 and a size of 4.0mx5.0mx3.0m. A set of pre aeration system was built in the pool. Its main function is to regulate water quality. (2) Multistage MABFT system. There is a system of modified aeration biological fluidized tank (MABFT) which is divided into five grids and connected gradiently. Its effective volume is 162 m 3 and its size is 3.0 mx18.0 mx3.5 m. The system has built in high density ecological film with biological carrier filler. The filler is NC 5ppi type and the size is 50mmx50mmx50mm. Moreover, the system contains five sets of aeration devices and two fans. One of the two fans is a standby. The fan is controlled by frequency conversion. Its power is 18 kw, the air volume is 13.79 m 3 /min, and the blast pressure is 5000 mmH2O. (3) Secondary sedimentation tank. There is a secondary sedimentation tank with a size of 6.0mx3.0mx3.5m, divided into two lattices. The effective volume of the secondary clarifier is 27m 3 and it is equipped with a diversion system. System Commissioning Operation and Benefit Analysis System Debugging and Operation Results In the initial stage of commissioning, the domesticated sludge was taken from the dewatered sludge from a nearby municipal sewage treatment plant. Due to the serious imbalance of C/N in the influent, the industrial glucose is initially added as a carbon source. The pH is controlled by adding alkali, and the fan and dissolved oxygen (DO) are controlled by frequency converter.The indexes of pH, COD, NH3 N and DO in each reaction area were detected once a day [4,5,6] After the gradual stabilization, the water intake was started, and the MKNC 001 special nitrifying bacteria was added. At the same time, the parameters such as DO and pH are strictly controlled. According to the daily test data and treatment effect, the water intake is gradually increased step by step [7] In September, the influent volume reached the design load. In October, it was operated according to the design load (20m 3 /h) and delivered to the owner for normal operation. The inspection data recorded by the owner for 3 months are shown in Figure 2. Figure 2. Ammonia nitrogen in influent and outlet water during operation chart of wastewater treatment process. Figure 2 shows that the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the influent fluctuates greatly from 130 mg/L to 300 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen of effluent in the high speed nitrification zone is about 30 mg/L, and the removal of ammonia nitrogen is over 80% which is in the key unit. The ammonia nitrogen in the effluent of the low speed nitrification zone is less than 20 mg/L, which meets the design requirements. In addition, the final effluent ammonia nitrogen of the secondary sedimentation tank has been stable below 10 mg/L, and the total removal rate has averaged over 98.5% Economic Benefit Analysis The total investment of the system is 1.5 million yuan. The direct operating costs are as follows: (1) Electricity charge. The total power of the equipment operation is 25 kilowatt, and the daily electricity consumption is 400.0 yuan at 0.6 yuan/(kw.h) (2) Pharmaceutical expenses. The daily consumption of alkali is 0.15 tons, and the unit price is 1200 yuan/ton, while daily consumption of pharmaceuticals is 180 yuan. (3) Water consumption for pharmaceutical preparation. About 3 tons of tap water is consumed per day, and the unit price is 2.65 yuan/ton, so it costs 5.3 yuan per day. (4) Labor cost. According to the operation situation, one worker usually works day shift. And during night shifts, it is operated by machine self control or part time managers. In terms of monthly wage of 3000 yuan, the daily labor cost is 100 yuan. (5) Depreciation and maintenance expenses. It is about 40 yuan per day. According to the treatment capacity of 480 tons of wastewater per day, the direct treatment cost per ton of wastewater is 1.51 yuan. Environmental Benefit Analysis After the implementation of this project, the effluent quality meets the indirect discharge standard of water pollutants for newly built enterprises in Discharge standards of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry of the People's Republic of China. According to the monitoring data for three consecutive months, when the maximum concentration of ammonia nitrogen in influent does not exceed 300 mg/L and the average value is 181.5 mg/L, the average value of ammonia nitrogen in effluent is 1.99 mg/L. Therefore, when the daily discharge of water is 480 tons and the annual operation is 300 days, the annual reduction of ammonia nitrogen reaches 25.85 tons, that is, the discharge of ammonia nitrogen decreased significantly. Conclusion The high concentration of ammonia nitrogen in printing wastewater can be effectively removed by denitrification process with high density biological enrichment. In other words, it is an improved biological aeration fluidization process. Field operation results show that when the influent NH3 N<=300mg/L, the effluent NH3 N<=10mg/L, the average removal rate of ammonia nitrogen is 98.9% This indicates that when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater is less than 300 mg/L, after the treatment of MABFT, the ammonia nitrogen of the effluent can reach the indirect emission standard of water pollutants for newly built enterprises in Discharge standards of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry of the People's Republic of China. Acknowledgement This research was financially supported by the Science Technology Innovation Foundation
Zhongquan Wang Shulin Qin
235202245
[Abundance Change of Antibiotic Resistance Genes During PDWW Recycling and Correlations with Environmental Factors]
Research on the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban sewage treatment systems is extensive, but there is still insufficient research on their abundance in industrial wastewater recycling systems. In this study, a printing and dyeing wastewater (PDWW) recycling system was constructed, and 16S rDNA and high throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial communities and ARG abundance during the treatment process. A total of 52 ARGs in nine categories were detected, of which the relative abundance of b lactam resistance genes was the highest. During the treatment cycle, the concentration of aromatic pollutants increased with an increase in the number of cycles, while the abundance of b lactam resistance genes increased first, decreased, and then increased (reaching 61.85% on the 100th day) At the same time, the abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria related ARGs decreased significantly (by 84.66% 64.38% and 85.15% respectively) More than 21 kinds of ARGs were significantly affected by the enrichment by the aromatic pollutants. Among them, 6 kinds of ARGs were significantly positively correlated with changes in the concentrations of the aromatic pollutants (P<0.01) while 6 were significantly negatively correlate (P<0.01) These results show that the abundance of ARGs was affected by the microbial communities and the aromatic pollutants, which increased at first, decreased, and then increased during the PPDW recycling process. This study reveals the effects of the enrichment of aromatic contaminants and changes in microbial communities on ARGs during PPDW recycling, and provides theoretical guidance for the recycling of PDWW to reduce environmental pollution associated with ARGs.
Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue
Yao-Yao Xu Xuan Shi Pengkang Jin
130015419
Analysis and Site Suitability Evaluation for Textile Sewage Water Treatment Plant in Salem Corporation, Tamilnadu Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Textile processing units in Erode, Karur, Salem and Tirupur districts of Tamilnadu, India generates chemically toxic waste water there by polluting sub soil and surface water of water bodies in particular River Cauvery. In Erode district, a model Common effluent treatment plant (CETP) was promoted by State Industrial Promotion Corporation of Tamilnadu Ltd. at Perundurai with 14 textile units as stake holders. Waste water from textile processing units contains a complex mixture of dyes, which are highly resistant to conventional treatment technology. As the characteristics of wash water effluent and dye bath effluent are variable, various physical, chemical and biological treatment methods are adopted for the treatment. Most of the perennial rivers in Tamilnadu have less surface flow water and dried during summer season. The area lies in arid zone of Salem, Tamil Nadu having very scanty rains and very low ground water reserves. Some of the other problems that are faced by the area are disposal of industrial effluent posing threat to its sustainability of water resource. Textiles, dyeing and printing industries, various mechanical process and chemical/synthetic dyes are used and considerable wastewater discharged from these textile units contains about high amount of the dyes into the adjoining drainages. Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used as a decision support tool for planning waste management. The manual methods adopted for the analysis of many factors would be a tedious and lengthy work. Also the possibilities of errors increase when merging the spatial and non spatial data. But in case of GIS, as the work is carried out in layers, the chances of error will be less and the system is capable to coordinate between spatial and non spatial data. Remote sensing analysis has been carried out using Resource sat 1 multispectral satellite data along with DEM derived from IRS P5 stereo pair. GIS database generated of various thematic layers viz. base layer inventorying all water bodies in the vicinity, transport network and village layer, drainage, geomorphology, structure, land use. Analysis of spatial distribution of the features and change detection in land use/cover carried out. GIS maps have been used to help factor in spatial location of source and hydro geomorphological settings. In our project analyze the chemical content of the water and Site suitability evaluation for waste management is becoming a major criteria for defending the environmental degradation. If proper location for the treatment plant is not selected then it may lead to soil degradation and ground water pollution. The study area is situated in the southern portion of Tamil Nadu, India that is currently experiencing high rates of population growth and economic development. Potential sites for the treatment plant are evaluated using suitability score based on planning and design constraints, including ground slope, land use pattern, and distance to river and roads. Spatial analyst tool of ArcGIS software is used for selection of suitable reclamation plant site. Finally based on weightage value, suitable site for treatment plant have been selected and classified into good, moderate and poorly suitable areas respectively.
T Subramani Avudainayagam Subramanian C Kathirvel S K Bharathi Devi
88157187
Phosphorus metabolism in industrial parks:a case study of Yixing economic development zone
Being hives of intensive industrial activities,industrial parks become the focus of water pollution control.However,water management at industrial levels is a challenging job because of the diversification of industrial types,complexity of wastewater treatment network,and interactive metabolism of various elements.Industrial metabolism,especially for phosphorus and nitrogen,can present insights for improving water use efficiency and reducing water pollution.By applying substance flow analysis methods,this paper established a hierarchical phosphorus metabolism framework for industrial parks.Firstly,a metabolic network was established at the level of the entire park,comprising the resource system,environmental system,and the park's internal and external socio economic systems.The park's internal socio economic systems comprise phosphate conversion modules and treatment modules.Phosphorus conversion modules contain industrial systems,domestic sources and non point source.Phosphorus treatment modules contain pre processing facilities of enterprises and wastewater plants.Then,more detailed metabolic networks were delineated for industrial systems and wastewater treatment systems according to the reality of the Yixing economic development zone.Industrial systems further divide into seven industrial types: phosphoric acid production,phosphorus flame retardant manufacturing,detergent production,printing and dyeing,food processing,machinery(phosphating),and other industries.Wastewater treatment systems further divided into three types: physical treatment,physico chemical treatment,and biochemical treatment.Based on the network topology,the metabolic structure and dynamic mechanism were analyzed to seek measures for improving water use efficiency and reducing water pollution.The case study on the Yixing Economic Development Zone showed the following:(a) printing and dyeing,food processing and machinery(phosphating) were major water phosphorus emission industries,accounting for 86.8% of total industrial water phosphorus emission of the entire park,though however,waste water of these industries goes through efficient treatment process;(b) pre processing facilities of enterprises had a low(about 60% phosphorus removal ratio,while waste water plants could remove phosphorus more effectively(about 75%(c) most enterprises of the park have only simple wastewater pre processing facilities(physico chemical treatment and biochemical treatment),which can only remove 5% 11% of the phosphorus,and about 5% of total water phosphorus emission of the park goes directly into water body just after simple pre processing;(d) untreated precipitation into water body cause much pollution load in water body(around 34%,because of the low management ratio of domestic waste and solid waste of enterprises;and(e) domestic sewage has low phosphorus removal ratio(62.1%,due to the simple pre processing facilities of most enterprises.Following these results and further discussion,some suggestions were put forth:(a) the waste water pre processing facilities of enterprises should be improved for higher phosphorus removal ratio;(b) the treated water from enterprises should be piped into the centralized wastewater treatment plant for further treatment;(c) the wastewater pipeline system of the park should be improved to let more enterprises' wastewater,especially more domestic sewage be treated by the centralized wastewater treatment plant;and(d) domestic waste and industrial solid waste of enterprises should be well managed and treated to avoid phosphorus going directly into water body through precipitation.
Mep Key
59397859
in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree of Masters in Technology in Environmental Science Technology
M/S T.C. TERRY TEX LTD. is a large scale textile unit established in April 2008.The industry is engaged in manufacturing 30 TPD Terry towel and 18 TD dyed yarn. The raw material used for manufacturing is cotton with average consumption of 34.5 MTD. Number of workers working in the industry are 983 coming in four shifts i.e. A shift (7.00a.m 3.00p.m) B shift (3.00 p.m 11.00 p.m) C shift (11.00 p.m. 7.00 a.m. and General shift (9.00a.m. 6.00p.m..The Industry runs 24 hours a day and 358 days in a year. In the present project, environment analysis of the industry is done with reference to air, water and solid waste. The wastewater is generated mainly from dyeing unit, domestic activities, boilers and other processes like charging and backwashing of soft water system, demineralized plant etc. Hazardous solid waste is generated as ETP sludge, ash from boiler and spent oil from DG sets and non hazardous waste like .Industry has installed 1850 KLD Effluent Treatment Plant for treatment of wastewater generated from various processes. Also, the industry has installed RO units for recycling and reuse of wastewater. Industry has installed continuous monitoring system for measurement of pH, TDS and flow at the final outlet of ETP with facility of interlocking of TDS meter with RO feed pump. The Industry has also installed continuous monitoring system for measurement of SPM from boiler stack. Industry has 30 acre plantation area in which final outlet of ETP is discharged. Industry has also installed piezometric well in plantation area to ascertain the effect of repeated application of treated wastewater on the groundwater. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Structure of Textile Industry: The textile industry is a significant contributor to many national economies. The Indian textile industry is no exception to this. It occupies an unique position in the Indian economy in terms of its contribution to industrial production, employment and exports. It is one of the largest segments of Indian economy accounting for 14% of industrial production and one third of total exports with only 1 1.5% of import bills. The structure of Indian textile Industry is quite complex. The Indian textile industry ranges from hand spun khadi and traditional textiles woven on handlooms at cottage industry to the highly capital intensive modern and sophisticated mill sector and synthetic fiber manufacturing units.In between these two extremes lies decentralized power loom,knitting and garment sectors.The Indian textile industry has diversified from the manufacture of traditional items to the manufacture of fashion items for international markets. Based on the fibers processed, the textile sector can be divided, into two groups: Natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, jute, etc. Man made fibers, like rayon and synthetics, and their blends. Out of the total textile production, cotton alone accounts for 70% followed by man made (20% and the rest(10% which include silk, wool, jute, coir etc. TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN INDIA NATURAL FIBERS/FABRICS MAN MADEFIBERS/FABRICS SILK WOOL JUTE COTTON RAYON (Celulose/viscose) BLENDED (Synthetic+Natural) Synthetic (Nylon, PET, PAN) Organized Sector (Mills) Decentralized Sector Spinning Composites Handloom Power loom Khadi Flow chart 1.1 Arbitrary Classification of textile industry in India 1.2Textile Industry and its Impact on Environment 1.2.1 Environmental legislation India is the first country which has provided in its constitution the protection and improvement of environment.There are no specific environmental laws for textile sector alone.However,there are industry specific standards,which the textile industry has to comply while setting up or operating an industrial unit.In addition to environmental standards,the Indian textile exporters confronted with social issues like child labour,poor and unhygienic conditions at the work place,low wages etc.It is pertinent to mention the thinking of Europeans regarding Social Accountability Standards(SAS) 1.2.2 Impact on Environment Any industrial activity causes pollution in one form or the other end and so is the textile industry.The industry covers a wide spectrum of manufacturing activities and is diverse in terms of raw materials and technique employed,chemicals used and the final products.The impact of textile production on the environmental aspects such as air,water,land and human body and the social aspects such as child labour and poor unhygienic working conditions must be considered.Although there are environmental hazards during the entire production chain, the textile wet processing processes possesses serious environmental problems. Large number of chemicals in vast quantities are used in textile wet processing to satisfy consumer's demands as regards aesthetics,handle,imparting desirable properties,etc.Some of these chemicals, such as dyes and finishing agents, remain attached to the textiles, whereas a substantial proportion of these chemicals remain in the processed water causing air and water pollution. Air pollution is also caused during drying and polymerization sequence of finishing operations. Production Fiber, Yarn, fabric Natural Fiber Synthetic Fiber Textile Processing E.g. Desizing, mercerizing, bleaching, dyeing, printing, finishing Garment/Textile Industry Use Packing, Washing, dry cleaning
Mriduta Sharma
87300494
Nitrogen metabolism in industrial parks: a case of Yixing economic development zone
Being hives of intensive industrial activities,industrial parks become the focus of water pollution control. However,water management at industrial levels is a challenging job because of the diversification of industrial types, complexity of wastewater treatment network,and interactive metabolism of various elements. Industrial metabolism, especially for phosphorus and nitrogen,can present insights for improving water use efficiency and reducing water pollution. Based on previous research of phosphorus metabolism,this paper established a hierarchical nitrogen metabolism framework for industrial parks,by applying substance flow analysis methods. Firstly,a metabolic network was established at the level of the entire park,comprising the resource systems,environmental systems,and the park's internal and external socio economic systems. The park' s internal socio economic systems comprise nitrogen conversion modules and treatment modules. Nitrogen conversion modules contain transportation,industrial systems,domestic sources and ecological process. Nitrogen treatment modules contain water treatment which include pre processing facilities of enterprises and wastewater plants,and solid waste treatment which include incineration,landfill and hazardous waste treatment. Then,more detailed metabolic networks were delineated for industrial systems and wastewater treatment systems. Industrial systems further divide into six industrial types: heating and power plant,nitrogen fertilizer production,chemical industry,printing and dyeing,food processing,and other industries. Wastewater treatment systems further divided into physical treatment and biochemical treatment. Based on the network topology,the metabolic structure and dynamic mechanism were analyzed to seek measures for improving water use efficiency and reducing water pollution. The case study on the Yixing Economic Development Zone showed the following: a) compared to phosphorus flow systems,nitrogen flow systems contain more modules,and also the flow is much greater and centralized; b) nitrogen fertilizer production,printing and dyeing and food processing,were major water nitrogen emission industries,accounting for 96. 5% of total industrial water nitrogen generation of the entire park,though however,wastewater of these industries goes through efficient treatment processes; c) opposed to phosphorus treatment,wastewater plants had a lower about 57% nitrogen removal ratio than pre processing facilities of enterprises about 79% ,because of design and operation problems; d) most enterprises of the park have only simple wastewater pre processing facilities physical treatment) ,which can only remove 6% of the nitrogen,and about 56t water nitrogen generation of the park goes directly into the water bodies just after simple pre processing; e) untreated precipitation into water bodies causes a high pollution load in water bodies around 28% ,because of the low management ratio of domestic waste and solid waste of enterprises; and f) domestic sewage has low nitrogen removal ratio about 54% due to the simple pre processing of enterprises. Following these results and further discussion,some suggestions were put forth: a) simple wastewater pre processing and wastewater plant should be improved for higher nitrogen removal ratio; b) wastewater pipeline system of the park should be improved to let more enterprises' wastewater,especially more domestic sewage be treated by the centralized wastewater treatment plant; and c) domestic waste and industrial solid waste of enterprises should be well managed and treated to avoid nitrogen going directly into water body through precipitation.
Mep Key
137198828
Textiles for sustainable development
Performance of four European hemp cultivars cultivated under different agronomic conditions in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa Antibacterial cotton fibre Availability, production, marketing and potential applications of natural fibres of Brazil Newest achievements in curaua processing and applications Fibre quality of hemp grown on the Swedish Island Gotland Important plant parasitic nematodes affecting fibre crops, such as cotton and hemp, in South Africa HEMP SYS: Design, development and up scaling of a sustainable production system for HEMP textiles: an integrated quality Systems Approach. How to affect hemp fibre quality? A review on the development of rapid analytical techniques for assessing physical properties of modified linen fabric Application of osmotic pressure for evaluation of quality and quantity of fibre in flax and hemp Comparison of cotton yarn strength prediction methods Cotton fibre quality index Biodegradable/compostable composites from lignocellulosic fibres The effect of coarse edge on worsted spinning performance and yarn properties High performance in sewing guaranteeing seam quality through control of sewing dynamics Liquid ammonia treatment of linen and cotton/linen fabrics The designing multifunctional fibrous structures for technical applications Development of hemp fibre reinforced polypropylene composites Compatibility of cotton/nylon and cotton/polyester warp knit terry towelling with industrial laundering procedures Kinetic Study of Polypropylene Nanocomposite Thermal Degradation Fibrillation of natural fibres increasing the specific surface for high performance composites Comparison of the alkaline hydrolysis and dyeing properties of poly (trimethylene terephthalate) and poly (ethylene terephthalate) fibres Agrobased fibres of Brazil and their composites An overview Influence of corona treatment on linen fabric dyed with natural dyestuffs Development of a new vat dyeing process for cellulose materials pre treated with Corona Digital printing on silk fabric Eco friendly natural fibre textiles for sustainable development Trends developments of the world wide textile industry Influence of fabric construction, lignin content and other factors on UV blocking Effect of corona treatment on finishing processes of linen fabrics Nano cellulosic fibres, preparation, properties and directions of application Continuous yarns from electrospun nanofibres Recent developments Nanotechnologies for modification and coating of fibres and textiles Electrospinning and stabilisation of Poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibre webs with antimicrobial activity Cottons Role in Sustainable Textiles Raw materials based on linseed oils for polyurethane synthesis Improved profitability through industrial upgrading of bast fibres in South Africa Flax Canada 2015: Going Beyond the Status Quo Index.
Rajesh D Anandjiwala
115575293
Efficient air floatation water purification reaction device
The utility model discloses an efficient air floatation water purification reaction device which comprises a chemical adding device 1, a pressure air dissolving system 2 and an air floatation tank 3. The chemical adding device and the pressure air dissolving system are connected through a pipeline. The air floatation tank is in a vertical flow type and is of a reinforced concrete or steel structure. Detailed sizes of the air floatation tank and an air lifting pump can be set according to actual demand. The efficient air floatation water purification reaction device has the advantages that the air floatation water purification reaction device is convenient to install, simple to operate and easy to master and does not need managing by a person specially, scum concentration is high, dehydration is achieved easily, the sludge amount is small, the occupied space is little, the civil engineering cost is low, the investment is saved, and the like. The efficient air floatation water purification reaction device is widely used for treatment of domestic sewage and industrial sewage caused by petroleum, chemical engineering, papermaking, leather, printing and dyeing, food and electroplating and the like.
131009552
The Evaluation of Textile Aids and Chemicals Used by The Textile Industry in order to Reduce Environmental Impact
The textile industry processes natural and synthetic fibers into fabrics for domestic and industrial use. The majority of textile mills employs full processing of textile goods being a combination of pretreatment, bleaching, dyeing, printing and functional finishing. As a result of these so called "wet" processes textile effluents carry away the impurities and pollutants from the fibers as well as used up the textile chemicals into water courses, directly or indirectly. Therefore, the textile industry, to be exact, the textile wet processing sector is seen by water authorities at local and national level, environmental organizations and public opinion as a user of significant amounts of good quality water and a heavy polluter of water courses. The textile effluents usually have a bad effects on aquatic systems leading in turn to penalties, charges for disposal and severe restrictions upon the textile processors. Additionally, the textile effluents, with regard to their specific constituents, make a lot of troubles for sewage treatment plant operators.
J Rouba
219633716
Adsorption of Azo Dye Malachite Green onto Rice Wine Lees: Kinetic and Adsorption Isotherms
The adsorption of malachite green in aqueous solution onto rice wine lees was carried out in detail. The effects of different rice wine lees dosage, solution pH and initial concentration on the adsorption of malachite green by rice wine lees were studied. The experimental results showed that the removal rate of malachite green increases with the increasing dosage of rice wine lees. When the dosage of rice wine lees is 5 g/L, the removal rate within 30 min is 96.22% At the same time, the removal rate increases as the pH of the solution increases, and the removal rate is higher in an alkaline environment. The kinetic study was performed by the pseudo first order and the pseudo second order reactions. According to the experimental data, the pseudo second order kinetic model better described the adsorption of dye onto rice wine lees, it implies that the predominant process is chemisorption. Besides, the adsorption isotherms were studied by Langmuir model, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The results indicated that the adsorption followed the Langmuir model and the maximum adsorption capacity was 21.505 mg/g. The dye malachite green adsorption onto rice wine lees was monolayer adsorption. INTRODUCTION With the development of light industry, especially the rise of the textile industry, textile dyes have become the main source of polluted water, of which azo dyes are the most common (Lark Lark 1979, Shindy 2012) And it is the most widely used synthetic dye in textile and garment printing and dyeing process. Malachite green (MG) as one of the azo dyes, is often used in the dyeing and printing of a variety of natural and synthetic fibres, as well as in the colouring of paints, plastics, rubber and so on (Culp et al. 1999) Not only that, but MG is also a good biocide widely used in aquaculture (Hoffman et al. 1974) However, it has been banned in several countries due to its harmful effects on the immune system, reproductive system, genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of mammals and other animals (Cha et al. 2001, Fernandes et al. 1991) Also, the potential harm of MG to the human body cannot be ignored. Stammati et al. (2005) found that malachite green plays a role as a tumour promoter in the human body. Expect these, the discharge of MG containing sewage would colour the running water and affect the beauty of the river environment. Therefore, dye sewage must be treated innocuously before discharge. At present, the main treatment methods of printing and dyeing waste water are the electrochemical method, flocculation method, membrane separation method and adsorption method (Purohit et al. 2014) Among these methods, adsorption is considered to be a relatively effective method for removing dyes and controlling BOD. However, the high cost of industrial adsorbents makes the adsorption process more expensive. Therefore, it is of great significance to find cheap and effective adsorbents instead of industrial adsorbents (Tahir et al. 2017) Due to the characteristics of low cost, recyclable and easy to obtain of agricultural waste, some researchers used peanut shell (Liu et al. 2018) straw (Robinson et al. 2002) orange peel (do Nascimento et al. 2014) peanut (do Nascimento et al. 2014) garlic waste (Hameed Ahmad 2010) rice husk (Forss et al. 2013) and other agricultural waste residues to adsorb waste water, and successfully achieve the purpose of adsorption. Otherwise, some researchers have used steel industry residue successfully removing the treat basic violet 3 dye from aqueous solutions (Amaral et al. 2016) However, the use of rice wine lees to treat dye waste water has rarely been reported at home and abroad. As we all know, Shaoxing is not only a strong textile city but also the birthplace of rice wine. With the development of the textile industry and the rice wine manufacturing industry, a large amount of dye sewage and rice wine lees will be produced every year, which harms the environment. Baoe et al. (2009) successfully adsorbed two kinds of azo dyes, Reactive Black Nat. Env. Poll. Tech. Website: www.neptjournal.com Received: 31 07 2019 Accepted: 18 09 2019
Qinghong Wang Liping Liang Gangliang Tian Qiaole Mao Xu Meng