usa states questionnaire samples
58636653
Brief Form of the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (F SozU K 6) Validation, Norms, and Cross Cultural Measurement Invariance in the USA, Germany, Russia, and China
The present study evaluates a brief, cross cultural scale that maps a wide range of social resources, useful in large scale assessments of perceived social support. The Brief Perceived Social Support Questionnaire (Fragebogen zur Sozialen Unterstutzung Kurzform mit sechs Items, F SozU K 6) was examined in representative and university student samples from the United States (Nrepresentative 3038) Germany (Nrepresentative 2007, Nstudent 5406) Russia (Nrepresentative 3020, Nstudent 4001) and China (Nstudent 13,582) Cross cultural measurement invariance testing was conducted in both representative and student samples across countries. Scores on the F SozU K 6 demonstrated good reliability and strong model fit for a unidimensional structure in all samples, with the exception of poor model fit for German students. The scores on F SozU K 6 correlated negatively with scores on depression, anxiety, and stress measures and positively with scores on positive mental health measures. Norms for gender and age groups were established separately based on each representative sample. Cross cultural measurement invariance testing found partial strong measurement invariance across three general population samples and three student samples. Furthermore, a simulation study showed that the amount of invariance observed in the partial invariance model had only a negligible impact on mean comparisons. Psychometric findings across diverse cultural contexts supported the robustness and validity of the F SozU K 6 for cross cultural epidemiologic studies.
Psychological assessment
Muyu Lin Gerrit Hirschfeld Jurgen Margraf
224783830
National Well Being Measures Before and During the COVID 19 Pandemic in Online Samples
In January and June 2020, participants were recruited and surveyed through online Qualtrics national consumer panels (Lucid) The January study employed a 15 minute questionnaire. Data were collected from January 2 through 13, 2020 resulting in 1010 completed responses (completed surveys toqualified respondents rate, 90% using a stratified national sample of adults 18 and older within all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Based on US Census data, quotas were designed to ensure that the final group of respondents reflected the distribution of adults nationwide and adequately represented the racial and ethnic diversity of the USA. Quotas limited responses by geographic region, gender, generation/age, and race/Hispanic origin. No other screening criteria were applied. Post hoc weighting ensured the sample was representative of US adults in each quota area plus educational attainment and religious self identification. Similar representative recruitment and online data collection was carried out in June 2020, from May 28 through June 10, 2020, resulting in 3020 completed responses (completed surveys to qualified respondents rate,
Journal of General Internal Medicine
Tyler J VanderWeele Jeff M Fulks John Farquhar Plake Matthew T Lee
148642454
Psychometric Evaluation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in a Clinical Sample of African Americans
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) a widely used and comprehensive assessment of mindfulness, has demonstrated promising psychometric properties among non clinical and clinical samples and among diverse international samples. Yet, to date, no studies have examined its factor structure, reliability, and validity in a clinical sample of United States (USA) underrepresented minorities. The current study addressed this by investigating the factor structure, internal consistency, test retest reliability, and construct validity of the FFMQ among 283 low income African American adults with a recent suicide attempt. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a 20 item, five factor measure: acting with awareness, describing, non judging, observing, and non reacting. Confirmatory factor analysis supported this reduced item five factor structure. Internal consistency coefficients ranged from 60 86, but test retest reliability coefficients did not support the temporal stability. Construct validity was supported; FFMQ facets were correlated with theoretically related constructs, such as self compassion and self criticism. Several facets were negatively associated with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation, and the describing facet demonstrated unique predictive validity for depressive symptoms. These findings support the cultural relevance and utility of the FFMQ with African Americans with significant psychological distress.
Natalie N Watson-Singleton James H Walker Devon LoParo Sallie A Mack Nadine J Kaslow
3272491
Development and validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire 4 (SATAQ 4)
The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire 3 (SATAQ 3) and its earlier versions are measures designed to assess societal and interpersonal aspects of appearance ideals. Correlational, structural equation modeling, and prospective studies of the SATAQ 3 have shown consistent and significant associations with measures of body image disturbance and eating pathology. In the current investigation, the SATAQ 3 was revised to improve upon some conceptual limitations and was evaluated in 4 U.S. and 3 international female samples, as well as a U.S. male sample. In Study 1, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses for a sample of women from the Southeastern United States (N 859) indicated a 22 item scale with 5 factors: Internalization: Thin/Low Body Fat, Internalization: Muscular/Athletic, Pressures: Family, Pressures: Media, Pressures: Peers. This scale structure was confirmed in 3 independent and geographically diverse samples of women from the United States (East Coast N 440, West Coast N 304, and North/Midwest N 349) SATAQ 4 scale scores demonstrated excellent reliability and good convergent validity with measures of body image, eating disturbance, and self esteem. Study 2 replicated the factorial validity, reliability, and convergent validity of the SATAQ 4 in an international sample of women drawn from Italy, England, and Australia (N 362) Study 3 examined a sample of college males from the United States (N 271) the 5 factor solution was largely replicated, yet there was some evidence of an underlying structure unique to men. Future research avenues include additional item testing and modification of the scale for men, as well as adaptation of the measure for children and adolescents.
Psychological assessment
Lauren M Schaefer Natasha L Burke J Kevin Thompson Robert F Dedrick Leslie J Heinberg Rachel M Calogero Anna M Bardone-Cone Mary K Higgins David A Frederick Mackenzie C Kelly Drew A Anderson Katherine Schaumberg Amanda Nerini Cristina Stefanile Helga Dittmar Elizabeth Clark Zoe Adams Susan R Macwana Kelly L Klump Allison C Vercellone Susan J Paxton Viren Swami
4874580
Adolescent depressive symptoms in India, Australia and USA: Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling of cross national invariance and predictions by gender and age.
BACKGROUND The present study compares depressive symptoms in adolescents from three countries: Mumbai, India; Seattle, United States; and Melbourne, Australia measured using the Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) The study cross nationally compares SMFQ depressive symptom responses by age and gender. METHODS Data from a cross nationally matched survey were used to compare factorial and measurement characteristics from samples of students from Grade 7 and 9 in Mumbai, India (n=3268) with the equivalent cohorts in the Washington State, USA (n=1907) and Victoria, Australia (n=1900) Exploratory Structural Equation Modelling (ESEM) was used to cross nationally examine factor structure and measurement invariance. RESULTS A number of reports suggesting that SMFQ is uni dimensional were not supported in findings from any country. A model with two factors was a better fit and suggested a first factor clustering symptoms that were affective and physiologically based symptoms and a second factor of self critical, cognitive symptoms. The two factor model showed convincing cross national configural invariance and acceptable measurement invariance. The present findings revealed that adolescents in Mumbai, India, reported substantially higher depressive symptoms in both factors, but particularly for the self critical dimension, as compared to their peers in Australia and the USA and that males in Mumbai report high levels of depressive symptoms than females in Mumbai. LIMITATIONS the cross sectional study collected data for adolescents in Melbourne and Seattle in 2002 and the data for adolescents in Mumbai was obtained in 2010 2011 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that previous findings in developed nations of higher depressive symptoms amongst females compared to males may have an important cultural component and cannot be generalised as a universal feature of adolescent development.
Journal of affective disorders
Andrew Lewis Bosco Rowland Aiden Tran Renatti F Solomon George C Patton Richard F Catalano John W Toumbourou
19201075
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Young Women in Brazil, Canada, and the United States: A Multicenter Cross sectional Study
To determine the prevalence of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and risk factors in young women from Brazil, Canada, and the USA. Cross sectional study in 3204 healthy women, aged 15 to 25 years. Cervical samples were collected for cytology and for HPV DNA detection (SPF10 LiPA25 system) Serum samples were collected for the measurement of HPV 16 and HPV 18 antibodies by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Risk factors were obtained through a questionnaire. Overall, 26.6% of women had DNA detected for at least 1 HPV type. The prevalence for oncogenic HPV types was 21.7% (25% in Brazil, 16.9% in Canada, and 19.1% in the USA) HPV 16 was the most prevalent oncogenic type (5.2% The next most common oncogenic HPV types were 51 (3.3% 52 (3.3% 31 (2.9% 66 (2.3% and 39 (2.0% Multiple oncogenic types were detected in one third of the infections. The prevalence of HPV 16 and/or HPV 18 infections detected by DNA and/or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was 24.8% The majority of women (85% had a normal cervical cytology. Sexual behavior was the main determinant for HPV 16/18 infections and squamous intraepithelial lesions. The prevalence of HPV oncogenic infections was high and linked to sexual behavior. Strategies to reduce the burden of oncogenic HPV infection, such as prophylactic vaccination programs, are likely to impact the burden of disease due to cervical precancer and cancer.
International journal of gynecological pathology official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Pathologists
Cecilia Maria Roteli-Martins Newton Sergio De Carvalho Paulo s Naud Julio Cesar Teixeira Paola c de Borba Sophie Derchain Stephen K Tyring Stanley A Gall Angela Liliana Monroy Diaz Mark M Blatter R Michael Shier Barbara Romanowski Wim G V Quint Jamiai Issam Claudia Galindo Anne E Schuind Gary O Dubin
75457274
Surveillance program for Equine Influenza Virus in the United States (2010 2013)
Recent surveillance studies for equine respiratory viruses have shown that equine influenza virus (EIV) remains a prevalent viral respiratory pathogen of horses throughout the USA and Europe. Due to the highly contagious nature and rapid spread of EIV, this virus poses severe financial implications for the horse industry. The objective of this voluntary surveillance study was to gain a better understanding of the prevalence and epidemiology of EIV shed by horses presented to veterinarians with an upper respiratory tract (URT) infection from March 2010 to November 2013. Equine practitioners throughout the United States (239 practices in 38 states) were asked to collect nasal secretions from equine patients with signs of acute URT infection. A questionnaire was used to collect information pertaining to patient demographics and clinical signs. Samples were tested by qPCR for the presence of EIV. Categorical analyses were performed using a Pearson's chi square test to determine the association between observations (age, breed, gender, use, vaccination and clinical signs) and EIV. Further, categorical observations from EIV positive horses from March 2010 to November 2013 were compared to previous data fromMarch 2008 to February 2010 (60 EIV PCR positive horses) Sequencing analysis of the HA1 gene of EIV was performed on 35 different EIV isolates to determine their sequence homology. A total 2,375 horses were enrolled with 230 (9.7% index cases testing PCR positive for EIV. EIV positive horses in the 1 5 and 6 10 year age group, as well as Quarter Horses, were over represented, while stallions/colts were under represented. Fever, nasal discharge and coughingweremore commonly observed in EIV positive horses than the entire study population. EIV positive cases from the 2010 2013 study period were significantly older and more often vaccinated against EIV compared to EIV positive animals from the 2008 2010 study period. Among the 84/230 EIV horses with a confirmed vaccination status, 46% were vaccinated within the previous 6 months and 31% vaccinated within 12 months. All the sequenced EIV isolates belonged to the clade 1 Florida sublineage. This study provides valuable contemporary information on the frequency of EIV detected by qPCR and underscores the fact that older and previously vaccinated horses were susceptible to EIV. There was evidence for lack of vaccine effectiveness following use of inactivated EIV vaccines currently available, including those containing contemporary strains such as A/equine/Ohio/1/2003.
Nicola Pusterla Philip H Kass Samantha M Mapes N Akana Wendy E Vaala D Craig Barnett Catriona J Mackenzie
145802318
Understanding and overcoming business etiquette differences in Japan, Turkey, and the United States of America
Purpose This paper aims to utilize both Forsythe's Ethics position questionnaire and the Big 5 Mini Markers ten item personality scale to analyze their relevance in determining business etiquette differences in three nations. Design/methodology/approach Samples from Japan (n 73) Turkey (n 95) and the USA (n 128) were surveyed using these two resources. Generally, the results of these surveys support the research presented in this paper characterizing the USA as idealistic with a focus on individualism, while Japan stresses respect and agreeableness. Findings Interestingly, members of the Turkey sample found it inappropriate to reveal views on ethics, and failed to answer several questions. In turn, the 0.069 level of significance of the regression formula for the Turkey analyses did not meet the less than or equal to 0.05 level to declare a relationship as significant. Research limitations/implications This research discusses whether Forsythe or the Big 5 Mini Markers surveys provide relevant information to companies that are looking to educate employees on challenges when interacting in a global market. By looking at several aspects to the typical business meeting from the initial handshake to how to properly exchange business cards each country has developed a specific set of cultural norms. By incorporating the results of Forsythe and Big 5 Mini Markers surveys, a comprehensive approach is being used to present the differences. Originality/value The resulting paper is a detailed analysis focusing on the behavioral and ethical reasons why a particular nation might stress certain business etiquette procedures more than another. A business that understands these core differences gains a worldly perspective and the power to succeed in the international market.
Brooke Eckard Marchiori Charles E Carraher Kristine Stiles
28020214
Neospora caninum seroprevalence and associated risk factors in beef cattle in the northwestern United States.
A Neospora caninum seroprevalence and risk factor survey of 2585 cows was conducted in 55 beef cow calf herds located in five northwestern states of the USA. Blood samples were collected by private veterinary practitioners and management practices were surveyed using a mail questionnaire. Producers were randomly selected from those that employed these veterinarians to perform annual herd pregnancy examinations. Questions were asked about animal management, grazing and feeding, immunization and record keeping practices. Blood was collected from a systematically selected sample of cows in each herd, and age, origin, and pregnancy status were recorded. Blood samples were analyzed for antibodies against N. caninum antigen using a monoclonal antibody based competitive inhibition (CI) ELISA. Overall seroprevalence was 24% and within herd seroprevalence ranged from 3 to 67% with a median of 19% Within herd seroprevalence and mean inhibition percentage were different between the five states. Herds that managed their cows on range for summer grazing had lower seroprevalence than those that did not, while increased seroprevalence was associated with higher winter stocking density. Cows less than 3 years of age had higher CI ELISA inhibition percent values than cows greater than 6 years of age. No relationship was noted between serologic status and individual cow origin (purchased or raised) or pregnancy status at the time of sampling.
Veterinary parasitology
Michael W Sanderson John M Gay Timothy V Baszler
1977848
Opinions and e Health behaviours of Patients and Health Professionals in the U.S.A. and Europe
BACKGROUND There exists a gap in the use of Internet for health purposes between patients and health professionals and between various countries. The Internet has the potential to be a global tool for health professionals and their patients but, as seen in other fields, cultural differences may lead to divergent opinions and preferences. OBJECTIVE To identify the opinions, preferences and types of behaviours regarding the use of Internet for health purposes, for health professionals and patients in selected regions of the United States and Europe. METHODS An announcement of an online survey was posted on more than 100 web sites during May and June of 2002. Members of HONnewsletter were also invited via email. The online questionnaire consisted of 28 questions with sections designed specifically for patients or health professionals. Sub samples of respondents were created based on their geographic location. RESULTS 2621 respondents mainly from the United States (38% n 984) and Europe (29% n 739) completed the survey. For the USA, the majority of respondents were patients (68.7% while in Europe, the majority were health care professionals (63.6% In both regions, health professionals preferred using medical search tools but patients preferred general search tools. Concerns about the accuracy of information and trustworthiness were shared by all groups. The majority of respondents reported that they preferred certified web sites. The patients from USA (69% and Europe (47% have discussed the results of their Internet searches with their doctors, while health professionals are receptive to the discussion and find it helpful. Other e health behaviours are also reported by both parties. CONCLUSION Based on the self reported e health behaviours noted in this study it appears that the use of the Internet for health purposes is growing in importance to the patient physician relationship in Europe and the USA.
MIE
Melanie Provost Matthew Perri Vincent Baujard Celia Boyer