the structure of the comparative clause
53492415
Syntax of the Comparative Clause Construction in English
The comparative clause construction in English is almost notorious for its syntactic complexity. Exhibiting a variety of grammatical processes recursion, deletions, permutations, and suppletions it is a fecund source of ambiguities and puzzles. I mention here four well known problems of the comparative, to which 1 offer a solution in what follows. What accounts for the fact that in (A) (i) and (ii) can be read as (roughly) synonymous, while (iii) and (iv) cannot? (A) 1. I've never seen a man taller than my father. 11. I've never seen a taller man than my father. lll. I've never seen a man taller than my mother. IV. I've never seen a taller man than my mother. Why does (iv) depart from grammaticality in (B) (B) 1. Jack eats caviar more than he eats mush. 11. Jack eats more caviar than he eats mush. lll. Jack eats caviar more than he sleeps. IV. *Jack eats more caviar than he sleeps. What explains the ungrammaticality of (Civ)
Joan Bresnan
117411845
Negation and Clausal Structure: A Comparative Study of Romance Languages
Every language has some syntactic means of distinguishing a negative from a non negative sentence. This ability may be expressed in different ways. Zanuttini's goal is to characterize the range of such variation by comparing the variations exhibited by one language family, the Romance languages, and by reducing the differences to a constrained set of choices available to the particular grammars of these languages.
Raffaella Paul Zanuttini
58459857
Working with Discourse: Meaning Beyond the Clause
List of Figures List of Tables Preface 1. Interpreting Social Discourse 2. Appraisal 3. Ideation: Representing Experience 4. Conjunction: Connecting Events 5. Negotiation 6. Identification: Tracking Participants 7. Periodicity: Information Flow 8. Tackling a Text 9. Connections.
Jeannett Martin David Edward Rose
143652729
Clause Structure and Word Order in Hebrew and Arabic: An Essay in Comparative Semitic Syntax
Shlonsky uses Chomsky's Government and Binding Approach to examine clausal architecture and verb movement in Hebrew and several varieties of Arabic. He establishes a syntactic analysis of Hebrew and then extends that analysis to certain aspects of Arabic clausal syntax. Through this comparative lens of Hebrew, Shlonsky hopes to resolve a number of problems in Arabic syntax. His results generate some novel and important conclusions concerning the patterns of negations, verb movement, the nature of participles, and the gamut of positions available to clausal subjects in both languages.
Ur Shlonsky
167668903
The Comparative Advantage Theory of Competition
A new theory of competition is evolving in the strategy literature. The authors explicate the foundations of this new theory, the "comparative advantage theory of competition," and contrast them with the neoclassical theory of perfect competition. They argue that the new theory of competition explains key macro and micro phenomena better than neoclassical perfect competition theory. Finally, they further explicate the theory of comparative advantage by evaluating a market orientation as a potential resource for comparative advantage.
Shelby D Hunt Robert M Morgan
117005733
The Fine Structure of the Left Periphery
Under current assumptions, the structural representation of a clause consists of three kinds of structural layers, each layer an instantiation of the X bar schema: 1. The lexical layer, headed by the verb, the structural layer in which theta assignment takes place. 2. The inflectional layer, headed by functional heads corresponding to concrete or abstract morphological specifications on the verb, and responsible for the licensing of argumental features such as case and agreement. 3. The complementizer layer, typically headed by a free functional morpheme, and hosting topics and various operator like elements such as interrogative and relative pronouns, focalized elements, etc. In the mid eighties, each layer was identified with a single X bar projection (VP, IP, CP) but this assumption quickly turned out to be too simplistic. Under the impact of Pollock's (1989) influential analysis of verb movement, IP dissolved into a series of functional projections, each corresponding to system (Agr, T, Asp, Kayne's (1984) binary branching hypothesis naturally led to the postulation of multiple VP layers for multi argument verbs, e.g. along the lines of Larson (1988) and much related work.
Luigi Rizzi
62584234
Issues in the Structure of Arabic Clauses and Words
Preface. 1. Principles, Parameters, and Modules. 2. Word Order, Agreement, and Case. 3. Pronouns, Incorporation, and Feature Specification. 4. Temporal, Aspectual, and Modal Categories. 5. Inflectional Projections in Noun Phrases. Conclusion. Bibliography. Index.
Abdelkader Fassi Fehri
33894012
The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow
The Structure of Turbulent Shear FlowBy Dr. A. A. Townsend. Pp. xii 315. 8 3/4 in. x 5 1/2 in. (Cambridge: At the University Press. 40s.
Nature
Francis H Clauser
17021498
An equilibrium characterization of the term structure
Abstract The paper derives a general form of the term structure of interest rates. The following assumptions are made: (A.1) The instantaneous (spot) interest rate follows a diffusion process; (A.2) the price of a discount bond depends only on the spot rate over its term; and (A.3) the market is efficient. Under these assumptions, it is shown by means of an arbitrage argument that the expected rate of return on any bond in excess of the spot rate is proportional to its standard deviation. This property is then used to derive a partial differential equation for bond prices. The solution to that equation is given in the form of a stochastic integral representation. An interpretation of the bond pricing formula is provided. The model is illustrated on a specific case.
Oldrich A Vasicek
17863124
Comparative Economic Organization: The Analysis of Discrete Structural Alternatives
Oliver E. Williamson University of California, Berkeley This paper combines institutional economics with aspects of contract law and organization theory to identify and explicate the key differences that distinguish three generic forms of economic organization market, hybrid, and hierarchy. The analysis shows that the three generic forms are distinguished by different coordinating and control mechanisms and by different abilities to adapt to disturbances. Also, each generic form is supported and defined by a distinctive type of contract law. The costeffective choice of organization form is shown to vary systematically with the attributes of transactions. The paper unifies two hitherto disjunct areas of institutional economics the institutional environment and the institutions of governance by treating the institutional environment as a locus of parameters, changes in which parameters bring about shifts in the comparative costs of governance. Changes in property rights, contract law, reputation effects, and uncertainty are investigated.
Oliver E Williamson