forensic linguistic idiolect
147824682
Adversarial interpreting a forensic linguistic perspective
Interactions with second language speakers in public service contexts in England are normally conducted with the assistance of one interpreter. Even in situations where team interpreting would be advisable, for example in lengthy courtroom proceedings, financial considerations mean only one interpreter is normally booked. On occasion, however, more than one interpreter, or an individual (or individuals) with knowledge of the languages in question, may be simultaneously present during an interpreted interaction, either monitoring it or indeed volunteering unsolicited input. During police interviews or trials in England this may happen when the interpreter secured by the defence team to interpret during private consultation with the suspect or defendant is present also in the interview room or the courtroom but two independently sourced interpreters need not be limited to legal contexts. In healthcare settings for example, service users sometimes bring friends or relatives along to help them communicate with service providers only to find that the latter have booked an interpreter as a matter of procedure. By analogy to the nature of the English legal system, I refer to contexts where an interpreter's output is monitored and/or challenged, either during the speech event or subsequently, as 'adversarial interpreting' This conceptualisation reflects the fact that interpreters in such encounters are sourced independently, often by opposing parties, and as a result can rarely be considered a team. My main concern in this paper is to throw spotlight on adversarial interpreting as a hitherto rarely discussed problem in its own right. That it is not an anomaly is evidenced by the many cases around the world where the officially recorded interpreted output was challenged, as mentioned in for example Berk Seligson (2002) Hayes and Hale (2010) and Phelan (2011) This paper reports on the second stage of a research project which has previously involved the analysis of a transcript of an interpreted police interview with a suspect in a murder case. I will mention the findings of the analysis briefly and introduce some new findings based on input from practising interpreters who have shared their experience of adversarial interpreting by completing an online questionnaire. I will try to answer the question of how the presence of two interpreters, or an interpreter and a monitoring participant, in the same speech event impacts on the communication process. I will also address the issue of forensic linguistic arbitration in cases where incompetent interpreting has been identified or an expert opinion is sought in relation to an adversarial interpreting event of significance to a legal dispute. References Berk Seligson (2002) The Bilingual Courtroom: Court Interpreters in the Judicial Process, University of Chicago Press. Hayes, A. and Hale, S. (2010) "Appeals on incompetent interpreting" Journal of Judicial Administration 20.2, 119 130. Phelan, M. (2011) "Legal Interpreters in the news in Ireland" Translation and Interpreting 3.1, 76 105.
Krzysztof Kredens
159994589
Linguistic Difficulties for Translators and Interpreters: The Case of Forensic Law and Science Documents
Forensic Science (or Forensics) holds various fields of science (Psychology, Pathology, Odontology, Toxicology, Digital Forensics, to cite a few) involved in solving crimes and offences at any stage in criminal proceedings and researches. On the other hand, Forensic Law is a legal branch that involves issues related to forensic techniques in a justice system (being thus linked to Criminology, Criminal Law, and Civil Law) The intersection of Science and Law contributes to finding out the truth of a case, either criminal or civil, and they both have undergone dramatic progress in recent years. The aforementioned intersection provides specialists with a considerable amount of documents, either electronic or paperback..and they often need to be translated or interpreted into other languages. The high level of technical terms, complex nouns and phraseology, hamper their translation, interpreting, and proofreading services. In this paper, we will provide the reader with the main linguistic features of Forensic Science and Law Discourse, matched with source texts and target texts. By means of the use of original Forensic documents, we will provide translators and interpreters with techniques and strategies for facing their translation and proofreading.
Vazquez y del Arbol Esther Inmaculada
164040844
Reporter fired for plagiarism a forensic linguistic analysis of news plagiarism
O plagio tem sido tradicionalmente classificado como um ato imoral e violador das normas eticas, mais do que uma acao ilegal (Garner 2009; Goldstein 2003) e o plagio jornalistico nao e excecao. Como referem Coulthard Johnson (2007) a reutilizacao de texto por jornalistas, sem atribuicao ou com atribuicao de autoria inadequada, nao e normalmente considerada plagio. A isto acresce o facto de as convencoes relativas a reutilizacao de noticias das agencias nao serem universais. Porem, as graves consequencias inerentes a ma pratica jornalistica (como o caso de Jayson Blair, do The New York Times) mostram que as implicacoes nao se limitam a esfera da etica, mas, pelo contrario, possuem impacto legal, incluindo processos de demissao. Um dos problemas, no entanto, consiste em provar determinada reutilizacao textual como plagio. Este estudo apresenta os resultados de uma analise linguistica forense que pode ser utilizada para provar casos de suspeita de plagio ou para iniciar a investigacao de textos insuspeitos. Com o objetivo de identificar os mecanismos utilizados e como pelos jornalistas para comporem os "seus proprios" textos a partir das noticias das agencias, este trabalho compara noticias publicadas na seccao "Mundo" de jornais de referencia portugueses com possiveis fontes publicadas em ingles. Os resultados da analise mostram que: (a) a atribuicao de autoria e, frequentemente, inadequada, mesmo quando os jornais de referencia citam as suas fontes (normalmente, conhecidas agencias internacionais) (b) nem sempre existe uma correspondencia direta com uma unica fonte entre a versao plagiadora e a versao plagiada (indicando reutilizacao de texto de diferentes media e websites internacionais) e (c) as noticias sao plagiadas a partir de textos publicados noutras linguas, constituindo plagio translingue. Conclui se que a analise linguistica forense possui potencial de prova e de investigacao em casos de plagio e violacao de direito de autor, nao so monolingue, mas tambem translingue.
Rui Sousa-Silva
148275024
A Forensic Linguistic Approach to Legal Disclosures: ERISA Cash Balance Conversion Cases and the Contextual Dynamics of Deception
1. Introduction. 2. The Cash Balance Conversion Controversy: Dying But Not Dead 3. Strengths and Limitations of Information Manipulation Theory and Grice's Maxims for Explicating Deceptive Communication in ERISA Disclosures 4. Amara v. CIGNA 5. Tomlinson v. El Paso Corporation 6. Comparing Experimental and Non Experimental Analyses of Text Comprehensibility and Deceptiveness: Perspectives on Admissibility 7. Disclosure, Obfuscation, and Deception: Are IMT's Gricean Maxims Helpful?
James F Stratman
28315770
Bit level n gram based forensic authorship analysis on social media: Identifying individuals from linguistic profiles
Users interact with social media in a number of ways, providing a variety of data, from ratings and approvals to quantities of text. Public discussion for hotspots in particular generates significant volume and velocity of user contributed text, frequently attributable to a user identifier or nom de plume. It may be feasible to determine authorship of various tracts of text on social media using n gram analysis on the bit level rendition of the text. This paper explores the facility of bit level n gram analysis with other statistical classification approaches for determining authorship on two months of captured user postings from an online news and opinion website with moderated discussion. The results show that this approach can achieve a good recognition rate with a low false negative rate. Display Omitted Bit level n gram based forensic authorship analysis on social media.Identifying individuals from linguistic profiles.Extraction of authors' linguistic features from the text of their postings.
J. Netw. Comput. Appl.
Jian Peng Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo Helen Ashman
55802714
Transitivity in Telephone Conversation in a Bribery Case in Indonesia A Forensic Linguistic Study
This study applies linguistics to investigate telephone conversations on a recent corruption case, to be specific, a bribery, in Indonesia. A pragmatic and systemic functional Linguistic approach was used as the method to reveal the facts on a bribery as a type of legal case in forensic linguistic study. The telephone conversations on two different types of bribery were collected as the data of this research. The data were analyzed semantically, pragmatically, and syntactically. It was found that the perpetrators used some particular codes to communicate. They also used a certain way to convey locutions to get the illocution to achieve the effect of the perlocution they wanted. Many material processes appeared in the transcripts of the telephone conversations of the actors (corruptors) which show the actions performed by the actors. The material process that appears in the conversation suggests a direct request from the more powerful to prepare materials to the interlocutor.
Jurnal Sosioteknologi
144215251
Being (im)polite: A forensic linguistic approach to interpreting a hate speech case
Abstract In a hate speech case a court might have to determine whether a person's words were hurtful or harmful. Would it be possible to determine whether words are hurtful or harmful by using linguistics? This article offers a linguistic perspective on a court's interpretation of the Equality Act in a hate speech case and focuses on speech acts and politeness. If the speech acts of a verbal exchange are studied and the levels of politeness are gauged, a court would be able to affirm the hurtfulness or harmfulness of the speaker's words. The article begins with a brief discussion on the potential role of the linguist in a courtroom; this is followed by a summary of the facts of the case. Then the court case is analysed and discussed in terms of speech acts and politeness. By employing principles in pragmatics the author reaches the same conclusion as the court.
Terrence R Carney
142685100
Kurt Cobain's Suicide Note Case: Forensic Linguistic Profiling Analysis
Forensic linguistics is the branch of the linguistics study which investigates legal text in crime. From its point of view, forensic linguistics is really helping the court or police or law attribute in investigating criminal case. Aspects of linguistics plays important role when it deals with legal texts such as suicide note. We can use the aspects of linguistics in investigating suicide text in order to see the proposition of the victim referred to suicide, the real motives of writing that letter or reveal what are the intentions of that suicide letter by using the branch of linguistics like phonology, semantic, pragmatics, discourse approaches, etc. The data is taken from Kurt Cobain suicide note which he left before he died. The aimed of this research is to identify the genuineness of his suicide note and also to figure out the motives of the subject dealing with suicide. Furthermore, this research tends to make the authorship profiling of Kurt Cobain based on the lexical which contain negative meaning that are related to his psychological.
Eva T S Sudjana Nurul Fitri
142729567
TRANSITIVITY IN TELEPHONE CONVERSATION IN A BRIBERY CASE IN INDONESIA A FORENSIC LINGUISTIC STUDY
Penelitian ini adalah sebuah kajian linguistik atas percakapan telepon dalam bahasa Indonesia pada kasus korupsi yang terjadi baru baru ini, khususnya sebuah kasus penyuapan. Pendekatan linguistik pragmatis dan sistemik fungsional digunakan sebagai metode untuk mengungkapkan fakta fakta yang ditemukan pada kasus penyuapan sebagai suatu jenis kasus hukum dalam studi Linguistik Forensik. Percakapan telepon dari dua jenis penyuapan dikumpulkan sebagai data penelitian ini. Data dianalisis secara semantis, pragmatis, dan sintaktis. Ditemukan bahwa para pelaku menggunakan beberapa kode tertentu untuk berkomunikasi. Mereka juga menggunakan cara tertentu untuk menyampaikan tindak tutur lokusi untuk mendapatkan ilokusi untuk mencapai efek perlokusi yang mereka inginkan. Banyak proses materi muncul pada transkrip percakapan telepon para pelaku (koruptor) yang menunjukkan tindakan yang mereka lakukan. Proses materi yang muncul dalam percakapan menunjukkan gejala bahwa permintaan langsung dilakukan oleh pihak yang lebih kuat kepada interlokutor untuk mempersiapkan bahan bahan. Kata kunci linguistik forensik, semantik, pragmatik, sintaksis, percakapan telepon, penyuapan This study applies linguistics to investigate telephone conversations on a recent corruption case, to be specific, a bribery, in Indonesia. A pragmatic and systemic functional Linguistic approach was used as the method to reveal the facts on a bribery as a type of legal case in forensic linguistic study. The telephone conversations on two different types of bribery were collected as the data of this research. The data were analyzed semantically, pragmatically, and syntactically. It was found that the perpetrators used some particular codes to communicate. They also used a certain way to convey locutions to get the illocution to achieve the effect of the perlocution they wanted. Many material processes appeared in the transcripts of the telephone conversations of the actors (corruptors) which show the actions performed by the actors. The material process that appears in the conversation suggests a direct request from the more powerful to prepare materials to the interlocutor. Keywords forensic linguistic, semantics, pragmatics, syntax, telephone conversation, bribery
Dana Waskita
147001104
Truth Behind Speech:Forensic Linguistic Analysis on Speech
We are living in a society constructed by many aspects as well as languages.There are many ways to deal with legal cases,language is also an active one among them.As it is proved that resultant of forensic linguistic researches do help around.
Hai Nan Hai Kou Hai Nan Shi Fan Da Xue Wai Guo Yu Xue Yuan Yan Xi Gui Lin Yan Xi Shi Fan Da Xue Wai Guo Yu Xue Yuan