"chemical  toner"
113317300
Multivariate Modeling of a Chemical Toner Manufacturing Process
This paper deals with modeling, optimization, process monitoring, and product development in a toner processes using multi way principal component analysis (MPCA) and multi way partial least square method (MPLS) Process measurements and product quality values of past successful batches were collected in a matrix of data; and pre processed through time alignment, centering, and scaling. The pre processed data were then transferred into lower dimensions to produce latent variables and their values during successful batches. Following the identification of latent variables, an empirical model was built through a 4 fold cross validation that can represent the operation of a successful batch. A novel feature of this research is the validation of the multivariate model with k fold cross validation technique. The prepared model provided a realistic prediction of process behaviour and was shown to represent realistically the operation of the industrial unit and yet mathematically simple enough to be used in online optimization and for automatic control strategies to selected abnormal batches. Operational boundaries based on minimum and maximum accepted values of latent variables were employed to establish a range that can identify the abnormal batches on the MPLS space. Once such batches are flagged, their data set can be folded back to original dimension to form a diagnosing path for the time of abnormality, and the process variables contributing in the abnormality.
Hassan Khorami Hedia Fgaier Ali Elkamel Mazda Biglari Baolin Chen
115140351
Particle Shape of Toners and the Advantage of Using Chemical Toner Manufacturing Methods
A great deal of R&D effort has gone into improving printer design. The goal has been to produce simpler and increasingly more accurate toner based printer systems with fewer components and improved imaging, which are suitable for a wide range of consumer and industrial digital printing applications. There are many factors and machine parameters that can compromise the final image quality and this can include the toner itself. In order to produce high quality electrophotographic images, it is necessary to carefully control the forces acting on the toner particles. These forces are predominantly either electrostatic or electrodynamic in nature and are affected by toner particle shape.
Graham J Galliford
145913842
Chemical toner containing a sturdy resin, a solvent free emulsification
A toner comprising a branched polyester, which is suitable for use in the solvent free emulsification, wherein the branched polyester having a first weight average initial molecular weight prior to a solvent free emulsification and a second weight average molecular weight after a solvent free emulsification, wherein the branched polyester has a structure limits the degradation of the polyester during the solvent free emulsification to less than about 20% of the first weight average molecular weight output, wherein the polyester is a compound of formula described; includes an optional wax and an optional colorant.
Allan K Chen Santiago Faucher Guerino G Sacripante Shigang S Qiu
103952126
Natural oil based chemical toner
Natural oil based chemical toner for developing an electrophotographic image forming, the chemical toner comprising: a copolymer of an unsaturated polyester resin and vinyl monomer formed; wherein the molecular weight of the polyester resin 500 to 30,000, is a polybasic acid, or derivatives thereof, and natural oil polyol prepared by polycondensation. The toner resin in emulsion form with a colorant and a charge control agent, fine suspensions or emulsions mixed, then added flocculant induced aggregation, to form particles of the desired size, then the temperature was raised to produce combined to produce having a regular shape and smooth surface of the original toner particles. The original toner particles are washed with water and dried, including suitable additives, chemical toner obtained final product.
133526201
A process for the chemical toner fixing
The present invention relates to polymer particles comprising a polymer matrix with a coating of an inorganic semi metal or metal oxide, wherein the polymer matrix comprises at least a first functional group A and at least a second functional group B, wherein the two functional groups A and B are capable of at least one forming covalent bond with each other, wherein the functional group a is selected from the group consisting of an azide group, carbon carbon double bond, carbon carbon triple bond, aldehyde group, ketone group, imine group, thioketone group and thiol group and wherein the functional group B is selected from the group consisting of a carbon carbon double bond, carbon carbon triple bond, CN triple bond, diene group, thiol group and amine group.
Kirsten Borchers Guttler Stefan H Louis Thomas Weber Achim
104430865
Chemical toner containing a modified pigment
Ben Fa Ming ha, Shu Zhi to, Shao nakutomo1tsunoporimaJi gaJie He saretaYan Liao woHan muporimaGai Zhi Yan Liao towoHan mukemikarutonaZu Cheng Wu niGuan suru. konoporimaGai Zhi Yan Liao ha, Shao nakutomo1tsunoDi 1noGuan Neng Ji woHan muShao nakutomo1tsunoYou Ji Ji gaJie He saretaYan Liao woHan muGai Zhi Yan Liao to, Shao nakutomo1tsunoDi 2noGuan Neng Ji woHan muShao nakutomo1Zhong noporimatono, Fan Ying Sheng Cheng Wu matahaJie He Sheng Cheng Wu woHan ndeiru.
bi kiyaroru ziyosehu chinrin chiyan
3961064
Eco Friendly Prepared Chemical Toner with Mixed Polyester Resin
Mixed polyester resins are fascinating materials in toner development because of the possibility to tune the toner properties by the simple mixing of different resin components. But the miscibility of two different components with quite different properties is still a challenge in both pulverized and chemical toners. For chemical toners, one alternative is to use organic media to dissolve both components, but this still generates environmental problems because of the increasing level of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used on during production and released during usage. We have developed an eco friendly process to reduce the amount of VOCs in toner. Every process was performed in a water based condition. This technology was also applied to mixed polyester resins to cover a wide range of properties of Mw, Tg, T1/2, and gloss. The resulting eco friendly prepared toner is tunable in its basic properties according to the balance of polyester resin components and has a low level of VOCs.
Eui-Hyun Ryu Sungyeon Kim Il Hyuk Kim
135925633
Topic Work of Adhesion Measurements of Chemical Toner Particles
Cetin Cetinkaya
93447675
Advanced Color Toner for Fine Image Quality
Application of full color printers has spread rapidly in the office environment, and demands on the full color printer have been also increasing; especially high speed printing, oilless fusing and fine image quality are strongly requested. Recently several types of chemical toner have been launched. Because they have small and narrow particle size distributions, they have an advantage in fine image quality. However, the resin of chemical toners are usually styrene acrylic, which is not suitable for high speed printing and glossy images for pictorial applications because the styrene acrylic has to be high molecular weight to make toner have sufficient durability. On the other hand, polyester has better properties for high speed printing than styrene acrylic because of the existence of a polar group that enhances a compatibility with the cellulose of paper. Polyester has good durability even if it has a low molecular weight and thus can provide a glossy image. Thus polyester has several advantages over styrene acrylic. In general, it is difficult to use polyester as the binder resin of chemical toner. On the other hand, it is easy to make polyester color toner by the pulverization method, but it is difficult to make pulverized toner having small and narrow particle size distribution for fine image quality, and it is also difficult to make pulverized toner having both oilless fusing ability and sufficient durability. In this article, design of oilless fusable, pulverized color toner with small and narrow particle size distribution was investigated. This advanced color toner named "MC toner" can provide high speed printing, oilless fusing, and also fine image quality.
Akihiro Eida Shinichiro Omatsu Jun Shimizu
202705602
High Image Quality and Stability of Electrophotographic System Using Full Color Chemical
In this paper, newly developed electrophtographic system, Imagio Neo C455 released in January 2005 is described. It employs new smaller size full color chemical toner (named PxP toner:Polyester x Polymerization) and new process technologies. This PxP toner is under 6um in diameter and more spherical with the dimpled surface. Moreover, it achieves lower temperature fusing system without fusing oil by using polyester resin. At the same time, two important development technologies are introduced. One is narrow gap using DC bias, and the other is smaller size carrier. By introducing these new technologies, the Imagio Neo C455 achieves excellent image quality and stability. Introduction Market demands higher image quality and reliability towards copiers and printers year after year, in accordance with their digitalization, colorization and multifunctionization. It is also essential to design products and manufacturing processes with the consideration of environmental conservation. In order to meet these demands, most of providers have been developing polymerized toners, which are smaller in particle size, lower in energy consumption in its manufacturing process, and shape controllable. Ricoh had also developed polymerized toner (named PxP toner: Polyester x Polymerization) for black/white MFP and has applied it to Imagio Neo 451 launched in March 2003. And next, we have developed this PxP toner into color system Imagio Neo C455,and achieved dramatic improvement of image quality and stability. This Imagio Neo C455 is mainly based on former successor model, Imagio Neo C385, which was launched in September 2003, needed some optimization. In this paper, we introduce what kind of image quality improvements of Imagio Neo C455 were achieved by adopting this small particle polymerized toner, comparing to Imagio Neo C385. Table.1: Specifications Modified points toward Imagio Neo C455 With regards to the conditions of the supplies and machines, the following points have been modified. 1. Developer 1) Toner (Color PxP toner) 15% smaller in particle size compared with pulverized toner of Imagio Neo C385 2) Carrier: 35% smaller in particle size 2. Development condition 3) Bias: DC bias only 4) Gap to Photoconductor: 20% narrower 5) Speed ratio to Photoconductor: 30% faster These parameters are mainly described as they are contributing to improvement of imaging quality a lot. New Color Polymerized toner (Color PxP toner) This Color PxP toner is manufactured by Ricoh's new polymerizing method. This method is already used for B/W PxP toner which is already on the market. The distinctive point of PxP toner is that it consists of polyester resin. PxP toner is smaller and its shape is more controllable. Using the PxP toner, a super reproduction of dots can be achieved, so that the printing image has a higher quality. Figure 1. Color PxP toner Imagio Neo C385 imagio Neo C455 Copy speed B&W:38cpm Color:28cpm B&W:45cpm Color:35cpm First copy time B&W:7.4sec Color:9.8sec B&W:5.8sec Color:7.8sec CCA Polymerized polyester resin
Takamasa Ozeki Akira Azami Fumihiro Sasaki Tomio Kondoh Akihiro Kotsugai