Classen religionsrecht
142471122
Claus Dieter Classen, Religionsrecht. Tubingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2006, 273 p.
Claus Dieter Classen, professor for Public Law, European and International Law at the University of Greifswald (Germany) has written a comprehensive textbook on the relationship of the State and its legal system with religions and religious corporations by public law and religious associations in Germany, intended not only for jurists, but also for theologians and scholars of Religious Studies. The book is clearly structured and well written. It is divided in four main parts. Part One outlin.
Jorn Thielmann
142879218
Claus Dieter Classen, Religionsrecht
Jorn Thielmann
144112088
Claus Dieter Classen: Religionsrecht
Peter Unruh
192830300
The Museum of the Senses: Experiencing Art and Collections, written by Classen, Constance
Robin Macdonald
164803317
The Forest in Medieval German Literature: Ecocritical Readings from a Historical Perspective by Albrecht Classen (review)
silently emulated," as Mary Breatnach suggests (121) But it seems safe to say that the dialectic of "absence and presence, concealment and disclosure," which Blake Stevens discusses in Jean Baptiste Lully and Philippe Quinault's musical tragedy Armide (61) haunts the aesthetic imagination's probing into the interplay among sound, visuality, and literature since Romanticism, modernism, and the avant garde. This interplay, one might add, is especially important in the ages of mechanical and digital media (re )production. It is therefore regrettable that this otherwise highly suggestive and broadly conceived volume with the possible exception of Petermann's cinematic essay does not reflect a sustained dialogue with contemporary sound studies, the discipline that is at the forefront of investigating the crucial role of historical and present media technologies in the production and consumption of music, noise, and other sounds in culture, politics, and the arts. Since the significance of silence and absence poses especially interesting questions to technological reproducibility as well as to literary representation, sound studies and word and music studies might benefit from a closer mutual exchange of subject interests and methodologies in interrogating our multi layered and contradictory world of sonic experience.
Erhard Schutz
119561684
Zwei besondere Untersuchungen uber die Classen Anzahl und uber die Einheiten der aus lten ten Wurzeln der Einheit gebildeten complexen Zahlen.
J^lachdem ich in der vorhergehenden Abhandlung die ClassenAnzahl f r die aus Aten Wurzeln der Einheit gebildeten eomplexen Zahlen angegeben habe, will ich jetzt zun chst folgende Frage vollst ndig beantworten: F r welche Werthe der Primzahl l ist die Classen Anzahl der aus Aten Wurzeln der Einheit gebildeten eomplexen idealen Zahlen durch l theilbar; und f r welche nicht? Nach der Gleichung (38. in der vorhergehenden Abhandlung ist diese Classen Anzahl 1 E P D W D p wo die beiden Factoren, aus welchen sie zusammengesetzt ist, n mlich t
Ernst Eduard Kummer
123252591
Ueber die Anzahl der verschiedenen Classen quadratischer Formen von negativer Determinante.
Leopold Kronecker
225218081
The role of exciton lifetime for charge generation in organic solar cells at negligible energy level offsets
Organic solar cells utilize an energy level offset to generate free charge carriers. Although a very small energy level offset increases the open circuit voltage, it remains unclear how exactly charge generation is affected. Here we investigate organic solar cell blends with highest occupied molecular orbital energy level offsets (EHOMO) between the donor and acceptor that range from 0 to 300 meV. We demonstrate that exciton quenching at a negligible EHOMO takes place on timescales that approach the exciton lifetime of the pristine materials, which drastically limits the external quantum efficiency. We quantitatively describe this finding via the Boltzmann stationary state equilibrium between charge transfer states and excitons and further reveal a long exciton lifetime to be decisive in maintaining an efficient charge generation at a negligible EHOMO. Moreover, the Boltzmann equilibrium quantitatively describes the major reduction in non radiative voltage losses at a very small EHOMO. Ultimately, highly luminescent near infrared emitters with very long exciton lifetimes are suggested to enable highly efficient organic solar cells. Donor acceptor systems with low energy level offset enable high power efficiency in organic solar cells yet it is unclear what drives charge generation. Classen et al. show that long exciton lifetimes enable efficient exciton splitting and thus generation of free charges while also suppressing voltage losses.
Andrej Classen Christos L Chochos Larry Luer Vasilis G Gregoriou Jonas Wortmann Andres Osvet Karen Forberich Iain McCulloch Thomas Heumuller Christoph J Brabec
210710153
Climate change influences mycorrhizal fungal plant interactions, but conclusions are limited by geographical study bias.
Climate change is altering the interactions among plants and soil organisms in ways that will alter the structure and function of ecosystems. We reviewed the literature and developed a map of studies focused on how the three most common types of mycorrhizal fungi (arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi) respond to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2 climatic warming, and changes in the distribution of precipitation. Broadly, we ask how do mycorrhizal fungi respond to climate change, how do these responses vary by fungal type, and how do mycorrhizal traits influence plant adaptation, movement, or extinction in response to climatic change? First, we found that 92% of studies were conducted in the northern hemisphere, and plant host, ecosystem type and study location were only correlated with each other in the northern hemisphere because studies across all mycorrhizal fungal types were only common in the northern hemisphere. Second, we show that temperature and rainfall variability had more variable effects than eCO2 on mycorrhizal fungal structures, but these effects were context dependent. Third, while mycorrhizal fungal types vary in their responses to climate change, it appears that warming lead to more variable responses in ectomycorrhizal than in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Finally, we discuss common traits of mycorrhizal fungi that could aid in fungal and plant adaption to climate change. We posit that mycorrhizal fungi can buffer plant hosts against extinction risk, they can facilitate or retard the dispersal success of plants moving away from poor environments, and, by buffering host plants, they can enable host plant adaptation to new climates. All of these influences are, however, context dependent a finding that reflects the complex traits of mycorrhizal fungi as a group, the diversity of plant species they associate with and the variation in ecosystems in which they reside. Overall, while we point out many gaps in our understanding of the influence of climate changes on mycorrhizal fungi, we also highlight the large number of opportunities for researching plant and mycorrhizal fungal responses to and mitigation of climate changes.
Ecology
Alison E Bennett Aimee T Classen
214200893
Shear Crack Propagation Theory (SCPT) The mechanical solution to the riddle of shear in RC members without shear reinforcement
Abstract This paper intends to provide a deeper understanding of shear in beams and slabs without shear reinforcement. To this end, the paper proposes a new theory called Shear Crack Propagation Theory (SCPT) that interconnects all relevant effects of shear behavior, namely crack localization, crack propagation, cantilever action, shear transfer in the uncracked concrete (compression zone) aggregate interlock, dowel action and crack bridging action in one all encompassing algorithm. The SCPT represents an artificial reproduction (mechanical twin) of the physical shear problem and allows us to predict the shear crack geometry, the transferred shear force including contributions of all shear transfer actions as well as the corresponding strains and deformations over the entire shear loading process, from crack initiation up to the state of shear failure. The paper illustrates the analytical development of the SCPT, exemplifies its ability to reflect the shear response of selected benchmark problems and eventually delivers a physical explanation for shear failures in members without shear reinforcement.
Martin Classen