2219156
Using General Impressions to Analyze Discovered Classification Rules
One of the important problems in data mining is the evaluation of subjective interestingness of the discovered rules. Past research has found that in many real-life applications it is easy to generate a large number of rules from the database, but most of the rules are not useful or interesting to the user. Due to the large number of rules, it is difficult for the user to analyze them manually in order to identify those interesting ones. Whether a rule is of interest to a user depends on his/her existing knowledge of the domain, and his/her interests. In this paper, we propose a technique that analyzes the discovered rules against a specific type of existing knowledge, which we call general impressions, to help the user identify interesting rules. We first propose a representation language to allow general impressions to be specified. We then present some algorithms to analyze the discovered classification rules against a set of general impressions. The results of the analysis tell us which rules conform to the general impressions and which rules are unexpected. Unexpected rules are by definition interesting.
12241191
Finding Actionable Knowledge via Automated Comparison
The problem of finding interesting and actionable patterns is a major challenge in data mining. It has been studied by many data mining researchers. The issue is that data mining algorithms often generate too many patterns, which make it very hard for the user to find those truly useful ones. Over the years many techniques have been proposed. However, few have made it to real-life applications. At the end of 2005, we built a data mining system for Motorola (called Opportunity Map) to enable the user to explore the space of a large number of rules in order to find actionable knowledge. The approach is based on the concept of rule cubes and operations on rule cubes. A rule cube is similar to a data cube, but stores rules. Since its deployment, some issues have also been identified during the regular use of the system in Motorola. One of the key issues is that although the operations on rule cubes are flexible, each operation is primitive and has to be initiated by the user. Finding a piece of actionable knowledge typically involves many operations and intense visual inspections, which are labor-intensive and time-consuming. From interactions with our users, we identified a generic problem that is crucial for finding actionable knowledge. The problem involves extensive comparison of sub-populations and identification of the cause of their differences. This paper first defines the problem and then proposes an effective method to solve the problem automatically. To the best of our knowledge, there is no reported study of this problem. The new method has been added to the Opportunity Map system and is now in daily use in Motorola.
8786674
Entity discovery and assignment for opinion mining applications
Opinion mining became an important topic of study in recent years due to its wide range of applications. There are also many companies offering opinion mining services. One problem that has not been studied so far is the assignment of entities that have been talked about in each sentence. Let us use forum discussions about products as an example to make the problem concrete. In a typical discussion post, the author may give opinions on multiple products and also compare them. The issue is how to detect what products have been talked about in each sentence. If the sentence contains the product names, they need to be identified. We call this problem entity discovery. If the product names are not explicitly mentioned in the sentence but are implied due to the use of pronouns and language conventions, we need to infer the products. We call this problem entity assignment. These problems are important because without knowing what products each sentence talks about the opinion mined from the sentence is of little use. In this paper, we study these problems and propose two effective methods to solve the problems. Entity discovery is based on pattern discovery and entity assignment is based on mining of comparative sentences. Experimental results using a large number of forum posts demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique. Our system has also been successfully tested in a commercial setting.
61155076
Opinion Mining
Описанл процедуру формування інтегрального показника об’єкта згідно з відгуками користувачів під час застосування методів оцінювання опінії текстової інформації у web-документах. Запропоновано використання лінгвістичних змінних та застосування вагових коефіцієнтів для достовірнішого результату оцінювання емоційного забарвлення текстової інформації. Ключові слова: опінія, емоційне забарвлення, об’єкт, інтегральний показник, лінгвістична змінна, ваговий коефіцієнт.
2182731
Speed-up iterative frequent itemset mining with constraint changes
Mining of frequent itemsets is a fundamental data mining task. Past research has proposed many efficient algorithms for this purpose. Recent work also highlighted the importance of using constraints to focus the mining process to mine only those relevant itemsets. In practice, data mining is often an interactive and iterative process. The user typically changes constraints and runs the mining algorithm many times before being satisfied with the final results. This interactive process is very time consuming. Existing mining algorithms are unable to take advantage of this iterative process to use previous mining results to speed up the current mining process. This results in an enormous waste of time and computation. In this paper, we propose an efficient technique to utilize previous mining results to improve the efficiency of current mining when constraints are changed. We first introduce the concept of tree boundary to summarize useful information available from previous mining. We then show that the tree boundary provides an effective and efficient framework for the new mining. The proposed technique has been implemented in the context of two existing frequent itemset mining algorithms, FP-tree and tree projection. Experiment results on both synthetic and real-life datasets show that the proposed approach achieves a dramatic saving of computation.
6193650
Dealing with different distributions in learning from
In the problem of learning with positive and unlabeled examples, existing research all assumes that positive examples P and the hidden positive examples in the unlabeled set U are generated from the same distribution. This assumption may be violated in practice. In such cases, existing methods perform poorly. This paper proposes a novel technique A-EM to deal with the problem. Experimental results with product page classification demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
17309491
Multi-resolution Meshes Deformation Based on Pyramid Coordinates
In this paper, we present a technique for multi-resolution meshes deformation based on pyramid coordinates. Pyramid coordinates are rotation invariant, and can achieve low distortion editing for large deformations. Their drawback is that the reconstruction process is nonlinear and time consuming especially for large meshes. In order to decrease the computational cost, the proposed method reduces the number of vertices involved in the deformation. We first construct a simplified mesh using a modified CPM algorithm; then edit the simplified meshes by pyramid coordinates based mesh detail presentation; finally, series of details are added to the deformed simplified mesh. Our algorithm can generate natural looking deformations more efficiently than the original pyramid coordinates method.
5571905
Classification rule discovery with ant colony optimization
Ant-based algorithms or ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms have been applied successfully to combinatorial optimization problems. More recently, Parpinelli and colleagues applied ACO to data mining classification problems, where they introduced a classification algorithm called Ant/spl I.bar/Miner. In this paper, we present an improvement to Ant/spl I.bar/Miner (we call it Ant/spl I.bar/Miner3). The proposed version was tested on two standard problems and performed better than the original Ant/spl I.bar/Miner algorithm.
9933281
A Learning Process Using SVMs for Multi-agents Decision Classification
In order to resolve decision classification problem in multiple agents system, this paper first introduces the architecture of multiple agents system. It then proposes a support vector machines based assessment approach, which has the ability to learn the rules form previous assessment results from domain experts. Finally, the experiment are conducted on the artificially dataset to illustrate how the proposed works, and the results show the proposed method has effective learning ability for decision classification problems.
12214467
Defending against distributed denial-of-service attacks with an auction-based method
Distributed denial of service DDoS is a major threat to the availability of Internet services. As one of the most difficult problems in network security, it has received considerable attention from the mass media and the research community. In this paper, we design an effective and practical countermeasure which allows a general-purpose TCP-based public server to sustain high availability even during severe DDoS attacks. A novel microeconomic framework based on Generalized Vickrey auction GVA is proposed. By adopting this mechanism, not only the availability of services is improved, but also the total utility of legitimate clients can be maximized. Initial simulations have shown that this mechanism is highly effective in preferentially dropping attacker traffic over legitimate client traffic, and the protected server can remain operational under various system loads and severely attacked conditions. The results indicate that it is a promising approach to countering DDoS attacks.
37399849
A High-Performance Intelligent Integrated Data Services System in Data Grid
It is very complex and of low efficiency for grid users to access heterogeneous diverse data resources distributed over the whole wide area network. The integrated data services can implement more wide range of transparent access to data resources in Data Grid. One of the important building blocks for any Data Grid is the server which implements data services. In this paper, we describe HPIIDS which implements integrated data services and achieves more wide range of transparencies. In order to improve its performances, we emphasis on the server called DSB which provides integrated data services. The DSB bases on cluster and agent technologies. Agent-based DSB can cleverly prefetch required data, replicate them among DSBs. Multiple DSBs are formed cluster HPIIDS. Cluster-based HPIIDS implements a single entry, provides a virtual integrated storage system for users, hides distributed heterogeneous low-level data resources, and insures load balance of each server. HPIIDS architecture supporting these various scenarios, are also described.