12054008
Tailor-Made Native XML Storage Structures
Automatically choosing suitable native storage structures for XML doc- uments arriving at the XML DBMS is a challenging task for its storage manager. While some of the critical parameters require pre-specification, others can be deter- mined by pre-analysis or sampling of the incoming document or by just making ex- perience-driven "educated guesses". In this paper, we discuss approaches to achieve an adaptive behavior of the storage manager to provide tailor-made native XML stor- age structures to the extent possible. 1I ntroduction The XML data model allows for a great deal of modeling flexibility with which order, op- tional and multi-valued concepts, as well as deeply nested relationships can be captured. Therefore, the resulting tree structures of natively represented XML documents exhibit large variations in breadth and depth. Furthermore, XML documents may be data-centric having relatively little 'content' stored as short text values or they may be document-cen- tric where a single content node may contain huge portions of text, e.g., an entire book in a digital library. For these reasons, it is highly advisable to equip the storage manager with the ability to select reasonable or even optimal storage structures for documents. Furthermore, two cas- es have to be considered: a document sent by a client arrives at a time—the so-called block mode, i.e., the document can be pre-parsed and analyzed before a storage structure is cho- sen—or it arrives at the DBMS interface in stream mode where fragments present, due to their size, have to be allocated in a suitable storage structure on disk before the entire "streamed" document is available for the DBMS. In the latter case, the storage manager must decide—based on imprecise structural information—on the storage structure to be chosen and, at best, can make some educated guesses based on context or sampling infor- mation.
34666529
Fallstudie zur Modellierung von Software-Entwicklungsprozessen auf Basis von SPEM 2.0
The instant invention is directed to a method of producing a reaction mixture for forming solid or cellular materials from flowable reactants and, optionally, fillers, comprising premixing the components and, optionally, fillers in a first mixing zone and after-mixing in a second mixing zone, the improvement wherein said after-mixing is carried out in a slit-like annular zone which extends radially from the center, the surface boundaries of said annular zone are not parallel and one of said surface boundaries is rotated while the opposite facing surface boundary remains stationary. The instant invention is also directed to an apparatus for producing a reaction mixture for forming solid or cellular materials from flowable reactants and, optionally, fillers, comprising: (a) storage containers for reactants, from which (b) feed pipes lead via (c) metering pumps to a (d) premixing chamber which is arranged in a (e) housing, and on whose outlet opening an (f) after-mixing chamber is connected, the improvement wherein (g) said after-mixing chamber comprises a slit which is formed by (h) two baffle plates, one of which is provided with a (i) rotary drive.
38325425
Autonomes Index Tuning - DBMS-integrierte Verwaltung von Soft Indexen
Das Self Management in DBMS, und das Self Tuning als wichtiger Teil davon, gewinnt auf Grund der wachsenden Komplexitat von Systemen und Anwendungen und den daraus resultierenden steigenden Betriebskosten zunehmend an Beachtung. Der Stand der Technik bezuglich des Index Tunings sind AdministrationsTools, die aus einem gegebenen Workload eine empfohlene Indexkonfiguration ableiten. Diese muss jedoch bei Anderungen des Systems, dessen Umgebung oder der Zugriffsmuster wiederholt angepasst werden. Wir stellen in diesem Beitrag einen dynamischen Ansatz zum Index Tuning vor, der zur Laufzeit das Systemverhalten und die -nutzung uberwacht, Entscheidungen bezuglich moglicher Verbesserungen der aktuellen Indexkonfiguration trifft und diese integriert mit der Anfrageverarbeitung umsetzt. Fur den zuletzt genannten Aspekt fuhren wir mit IndexBuildScan und SwitchPlan neue Operatoren zur Erzeugung von Indexen wahrend der Bearbeitung einer Anfrage sowie deren sofortiger Nutzung ein. Die Beschreibung der Implementierung der vorgestellten Konzepte als Erweiterung des PostgreSQL-Systems, sowie eine Evaluierung an Hand eines von TPC-H abgeleiteten Benchmarks beschliesen den Beitrag.
14265278
An Adaptive Storage Manager for XML Documents
Effective and efficient management and manipulation of XML documents requires stable decisions at the time a document enters the XML DBMS to provide for storage structures which are adjusted to the document characteristics and which reflect the future processing needs. While some of the critical parameters require a kind of pre-specification, others can be determined by pre-analysis or sampling of the incoming document or by just making experience-driven “educated guesses”. Important parameters are related to node labeling, path synopsis, document container layout, and indexing. In this paper, we discuss approaches to achieve an adaptive behavior of the storage manager to provide tailor-made native XML storage structures to the extent possible.
119954332
How to calculate symmetries of Petri nets
Abstract. Symmetric net structure yields symmetric net behaviour. Thus, knowing the symmetries of a net, redundant calculations can be skipped. We present a framework for the calculation of symmetries for several net classes including place/transition nets, timed nets, stochastic nets, self–modifying nets, nets with inhibitor arcs, and many others. Our approach allows the specification of different symmetry groups. Additionally it provides facilities either to calculate symmetries on demand while running the actual analysis algorithm, or to calculate them in advance. For the latter case we define and calculate a ground set of symmetries. Such a set has polynomial size and is sufficient for an efficient implementation of the for all symmetries loop and the partition of net elements into equivalence classes. These two constructions are the usual way to integrate symmetries into an analysis algorithm.
195313894
Automated generation of a progress measure for the sweep-line method
In the context of Petri nets, we propose an automated construction of a progress measure which is an important pre-requisite for a state space reduction technique called the sweep-line method. Our construction is based on linear-algebraic techniques concerning the transition vectors of the Petri net under consideration. We further discuss the possible combination of the sweep-line method with other state space reduction techniques (partial order reduction, the symmetry method).
59701825
Controllability of Open Workflow Nets.
An open workflow net is basically a workflow net extended with a message passing interface. Open workflow nets are adequate models for services or parts of inter-organizational business processes. We investigate the problem of controllability, a natural counterpart of soundness in classical workflow nets (as studied by van der Aalst). We distinguish centralized, distributed, and local controllability and provide solutions to all problems.
118703657
Verification of Siphons and Traps for Algebraic Petri Nets
Siphons and traps are structures which allow for some implications on the net's behaviour and can be used in manual correctness proofs for concurrent systems. We introduce symbolic representations of siphons and traps which work quite well even in infinite cases and are still intuitively readable. The verification of symbolic siphons and traps is traced back to unification and structural induction on the terms. This approach is motivated by some additional considerations. For unification and other proposed structural reasoning mechanisms tool support is given by completeness proof tools studied in the theorem-proving community.
117881226
Narrowing Petri Net State Spaces Using the State Equation
Given a (possibly partially defined) state, all count vectors of transition sequences reaching that state are solutions to a corresponding Petri net state equation. We propose a search strategy where sequences corresponding to a minimal solution of the state equation are explored first. Then step by step the search space is relaxed to arbitrary count vectors. This heuristics relies on the observation that in many (though provably not in all) cases, minimal solutions of the state equation can be realized as a firing sequence. If no target state is reachable, either the state equation does not have solutions, or our search method would yield the full state space. We study the impact of the state equation on reachability, present an algorithm that exploits information from the state equation and discuss its application in stateless search as well as its combination with stubborn set reduction.