55106891
Dynamic interactions of fast ions with carbon nanotubes
We used the hydrodynamic model to describe the dielectric response of a multi-walled carbon nanotube to a fast point charge moving paraxially, either inside or outside the nanotube. Calculations are performed for a two-walled nanotube, giving rise to a splitting of the plasmon frequencies due to the interaction between the electron fluids on the two cylinders. The dependences of the projectile stopping power and the self-energy (image potential) on the velocity and the distance from the nanotube axis show interesting features when the projectile velocity matches the phase velocity of the plasmon mode with a quasi-linear dispersion.
98624315
Dynamic interactions of fast ions with multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Abstract We use a two-fluid hydrodynamic model to describe the dielectric response of the σ and π electron systems on a multiwalled carbon nanotube consisting of up to several tens of concentric cylindrical shells. In particular, we evaluate the stopping power and the dynamical image potential for ions moving parallel to the nanotube axis. It is found that both quantities are profoundly affected by the increasing number of nanotube shells, as a consequence of the rich plasmon spectra developed due to the inter- and intra-shell electrostatic interactions between the electron systems.
119981129
Interactions of fast ions with carbon nanotubes: Self-energy and stopping power
The interactions of charged particles with carbon nanotubes are studied by means of the linearized hydrodynamic theory for electronic excitations on the nanotube surface. General expressions are derived for the induced potential, the self-energy, and the stopping power for a charged particle moving paraxially in a nanotube. Numerical results are obtained showing the influence of the damping factor, the nanotube radius, and the particle position on its self-energy and the stopping power. Results for stopping power in the linearized hydrodynamic model are compared with those obtained by means of the dielectric formalism in random-phase approximation, showing a close agreement between the two approaches for high speeds of charged particles.
54686029
Dynamic polarization effects in ion channeling through single-wall carbon nanotubes
Ion channeling through a single-wall carbon nanotube is simulated by solving Newton’s equations for ion motion at intermediate energies, under the action of both the surface-atom repulsive forces and the polarization forces due to the dynamic perturbation of the nanotube electrons. The atomic repulsion is described by a continuum potential based on the Thomas-Fermi-Moliere model, whereas the dynamic polarization of the nanotube electrons is described by a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, giving rise to the transverse dynamic image force and the longitudinal stopping force. In the absence of centrifugal forces, a balance between the image force and the atomic repulsion is found to give rise to ion trajectories which oscillate over peripheral radial regions in the nanotube, provided the ion impact position is not too close to the nanotube wall, the impact angle is sufficiently small, and the incident speed is not too high. Otherwise, the ion is found to oscillate between the nanotube walls, passing over a local maximum of the potential in the center of the nanotube, which results from the image interaction. The full statistical analysis of 10 3 ion trajectories has been made to further demonstrate the actual effect of dynamic polarization on the ion channeling.
206022542
Kinetic Study on Channelling of Protons in Metallic Carbon Nanotubes
Based on the kinetic model and the dielectric response theory, a theoretical model is put forward to describe the transport of protons along nanotube axes. With the introduction of electron band structure for different nanotubes like zigzag and armchair nanotubes of metallic properties, the collective excitation of electrons on the cylinders induced by the incident ions is studied, showing several distinct peaks in the curves of the energy loss function. Furthermore, the stopping power and the self-energy are calculated as functions of ion velocities, especially taking into account the influence of damping coefficients. It is conceivable from the results that, in the kinetic formulation, plasmon excitation plays a major role in the stopping. And as the damping increases, the peaks of the stopping power shift to the lower velocities, with the broadening of the plasmon resonance.
122623840
Coulomb explosions and stopping of molecular ions channeled through carbon nanotubes
We study Coulomb explosions of fast H{sub 2}{sup +} molecules under the channeling conditions through a single-wall carbon nanotube by solving the classical equations of motion for the fragment ions, involving both the repulsive continuum potential of the nanotube wall and the dynamically screened Coulomb repulsion between the two ions. Dynamic polarization of the nanotube electrons, described by a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, gives rise to the correlated energy losses, a wakelike interaction between the fragment ions, as well as the dynamical image force on each ion. The explosion dynamics is dominated by the bare Coulomb repulsion and it mostly proceeds in the longitudinal direction, accompanied with the radially constrained oscillations of the fragment ions. Strong vicinage effects are found in both the molecule self-energy and its stopping power in the early stages of explosions, but they quickly diminish with the increasing dwell time in a manner which depends on the impact molecule speed and its axis orientation.
125000747
Search for the rare decays J/psi ---> D-(s) e+ nu(e), J/psi ---> anti-D0 e+ e-
Abstract We report on a search for the decays J / ψ → D s − e + ν e + c.c. , J / ψ → D − e + ν e + c.c. , and J / ψ → D 0 ¯ e + e − + c.c. in a sample of 5.8 × 10 7 J / ψ events collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC. No excess of signal above background is observed, and 90% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions are set: B ( J / ψ → D s − e + ν e + c.c. ) 4.9 × 10 −5 , B ( J / ψ → D − e + ν e + c.c. ) 1.2 × 10 −5 , and B ( J / ψ → D 0 ¯ e + e − + c.c. ) 1.1 × 10 −5 .
118327242
Inhomogeneous and Interacting Vacuum Energy
Vacuum energy is a simple model for dark energy driving an accelerated expansion of the universe. If the vacuum energy is inhomogeneous in spacetime then it must be interacting. We present the general equations for a spacetime-dependent vacuum energy in cosmology, including inhomogeneous perturbations. We show how any dark energy cosmology can be described by an interacting vacuum+matter. Different models for the interaction can lead to different behaviour (e.g., sound speed for dark energy perturbations) and hence could be distinguished by cosmological observations. As an example we present the cosmic microwave microwave background anisotropies and the matter power spectrum for two different versions of a generalised Chaplygin gas cosmology.
16547027
Parallel Computing for QCD on a Pentium Cluster
Motivated by the computational demands of our research and budgetary constraints which are common to many research institutions, we built a ``poor man's supercomputer'', a cluster of PC nodes which together can perform parallel calculations at a fraction of the price of a commercial supercomputer. We describe the construction, cost, and performance of our cluster.
120316681
Experimental results of the betatron sum resonance
The experimental observations of motion near the betatron sum resonance, /spl nusub x/+2/spl nusub z/=13, are presented. A fast quadrupole (Panofsky-style ferrite picture-frame magnet with 8 pulsed power supplies) producing a betatron tune shift of the order of 0.03 at rise time of 1 /spl mu/s was used. This quadrupole was used to produce betatron tunes which jumped past and then crossed back through a betatron sum resonance line. The beam response as function of initial betatron amplitudes were recorded turn by turn. The correlated growth of the action variables, J/sub x/ and J/sub z/, was observed. The phase space plots in the resonance frame reveal the features of particle motion near the nonlinear sum resonance region.<<ETX>>
519528
Inflation with Holographic Dark Energy
We investigate the corrections of the holographic dark energy to inflation paradigm. We study the evolution of the holographic dark energy in the inflationary universe in detail, and carry out a model - independent analysis on the holographic dark energy corrections to the primordial scalar power spectrum. It turns out that the corrections generically make the spectrum redder. To be consistent with the experimental data, there must be a upper bound on the reheating temperature. We also discuss the corrections due to different choices of the infrared cutoff. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.