14116196
MicroRNA identification based on sequence and structure alignment
MOTIVATION
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are approximately 22 nt long non-coding RNAs that are derived from larger hairpin RNA precursors and play important regulatory roles in both animals and plants. The short length of the miRNA sequences and relatively low conservation of pre-miRNA sequences restrict the conventional sequence-alignment-based methods to finding only relatively close homologs. On the other hand, it has been reported that miRNA genes are more conserved in the secondary structure rather than in primary sequences. Therefore, secondary structural features should be more fully exploited in the homologue search for new miRNA genes.


RESULTS
In this paper, we present a novel genome-wide computational approach to detect miRNAs in animals based on both sequence and structure alignment. Experiments show this approach has higher sensitivity and comparable specificity than other reported homologue searching methods. We applied this method on Anopheles gambiae and detected 59 new miRNA genes.


AVAILABILITY
This program is available at http://bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/miralign.


SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary information is available at http://bioinfo.au.tsinghua.edu.cn/miralign/supplementary.htm.
3348552
ArnetMiner: extraction and mining of academic social networks
This paper addresses several key issues in the ArnetMiner system, which aims at extracting and mining academic social networks. Specifically, the system focuses on: 1) Extracting researcher profiles automatically from the Web; 2) Integrating the publication data into the network from existing digital libraries; 3) Modeling the entire academic network; and 4) Providing search services for the academic network. So far, 448,470 researcher profiles have been extracted using a unified tagging approach. We integrate publications from online Web databases and propose a probabilistic framework to deal with the name ambiguity problem. Furthermore, we propose a unified modeling approach to simultaneously model topical aspects of papers, authors, and publication venues. Search services such as expertise search and people association search have been provided based on the modeling results. In this paper, we describe the architecture and main features of the system. We also present the empirical evaluation of the proposed methods.
16727234
Extraction and mining of an academic social network
This paper addresses several key issues in extraction and mining of an academic social network: 1) extraction of a researcher social network from the existing Web; 2) integration of the publications from existing digital libraries; 3) expertise search on a given topic; and 4) association search between researchers. We developed a social network system, called ArnetMiner, based on proposed methods to the above problems. In total, 448,470 researcher profiles and 981,599 publications were extracted/integrated after the system having been in operation for two years. The paper describes the architecture and main features of the system. It also briefly presents the experimental results of the proposed methods.
4936297
Topic Distributions over Links on Web
It is well known that Web users create links with different intentions. However, a key question, which is not well studied, is how to categorize the links and how to quantify the strength of the influence of a web page on another if there is a link between the two linked web pages. In this paper, we focus on the problem of link semantics analysis, and propose a novel supervised learning approach to build a model, based on a training link-labeled and link-weighted graph where a link-label represents the category of a link and a link-weight represents the influence of one web page on the other in a link. Based on the model built, we categorize links and quantify the influence of web pages on the others in a large graph in the same application domain. We discuss our proposed approach, namely Pairwise Restricted Boltzmann Machines (PRBMs), and conduct extensive experimental studies to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using large real datasets.
13486467
Computing Exact p-Value for Structured Motif
Extracting motifs from a set of DNA sequences is important in computational biology. Occurrence probability is a common used statistics to evaluate the statistical significance of a motif. A main problem is how to calculate the occurrence probability of the motif on the random model of DNA sequence efficiently and accurately. In this paper, we are interested in a particular motif model which is useful in transcription process. This motif, which is called structured motif, is composed two motif words on single nucleotide alphabet and with fixed spacers between them. We present an efficient algorithm to calculate the exact occurrence probability of a structured motif on a given sequence. It is the first nontrivial algorithm to calculate the exact p-value for such kind of motifs.
3763658
ArnetMiner: An Expertise Oriented Search System for Web Community
Expertise Oriented Search aims at providing comprehensive analysis and mining for people from distributed sources. In this paper, we give an overview of the expertise oriented search system (ArnetMiner). The system addresses several key research issues in extraction and mining of a researcher social network. The system is in operation on the internet for more than one year and receives accesses from about 1,500 users per month. Feedbacks from users and system logs indicate that users consider the system can really help people to find and share information in the web community.
15885752
Enhancing SQL with Set-Comparison Operators
An apparatus for turning up and down a spectator's seats includes a foot member which is turnably supported within a base frame fixedly mounted on the movable platform. A pair of Y-shaped lock links are supported turnable about a support shaft which extends throught the fore end thereof. The upper portions of the lock links rotatably support a locking and unlocking roller therebetween and this roller serves as a weight. On the other hand, the lower portions of the lock links are formed with a hook respectively. A locking angle is fixedly secured to both the side walls of the base frame at the position located behind foot member in such a manner that the hooks are engaged to the locking angle to firmly hold the foot member in the upright standing posture when the roller is lowered by turning movement. Engagement of the hooks to the locking angle can be released by abutment of the roller against the front nose on the upper movable platform during backward movement of the first-mentioned movable platform. The foot member has a shaft about which it is adapted to turn and the shaft has spring means mounted thereon on both the sides of the foot member to normally turn up the foot member toward the upright standing posture. The base frame is provided with stopper bolts adapted to inhibit the seat from turning backwardly as well as adjustment bolts adapted to inhibit it from turning forwardly.
7669221
Function Finding and Constants Creation Method in Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Overlapped Gene Expression
Evolutionary algorithm based on overlapped gene expression (EAOGE) is a new technology of evolutionary algorithm which is inspired by the overlap gene expression in biological research. Different from existing works, EAOGE suggests a new expression structure of genes, and these genes have a probability to overlapped express in some segments. It uses chromosomes of fixed length to represent expression trees of different shapes and sizes. It does unconstrained search in the genome space and still ensures validity of the expression. This paper implements EAOGE algorithm and proposes a new constants creation method. Extensive experiments show that the method significantly improves the precision in the problems of function finding, and the precision of the new method is about 12.8 times to traditional algorithm at least.
6635923
Detecting outlying subspaces for high-dimensional data: the new task, algorithms, and performance
In this paper, we identify a new task for studying the outlying degree (OD) of high-dimensional data, i.e. finding the subspaces (subsets of features) in which the given points are outliers, which are called their outlying subspaces. Since the state-of-the-art outlier detection techniques fail to handle this new problem, we propose a novel detection algorithm, called High-Dimension Outlying subspace Detection (HighDOD), to detect the outlying subspaces of high-dimensional data efficiently. The intuitive idea of HighDOD is that we measure the OD of the point using the sum of distances between this point and itsknearest neighbors. Two heuristic pruning strategies are proposed to realize fast pruning in the subspace search and an efficient dynamic subspace search method with a sample-based learning process has been implemented. Experimental results show that HighDOD is efficient and outperforms other searching alternatives such as the naive top–down, bottom–up and random search methods, and the existing outlier detection methods cannot fulfill this new task effectively.
207159067
Model-based development of dynamically adaptive software
Increasingly, software should dynamically adapt its behavior at run-time in response to changing conditions in the supporting computing and communication infrastructure, and in the surrounding physical environment. In order for an adaptive program to be trusted, it is important to have mechanisms to ensure that the program functions correctly during and after adaptations. Adaptive programs are generally more difficult to specify, verify, and validate due to their high complexity. Particularly, when involving multi-threaded adaptations, the program behavior is the result of the collaborative behavior of multiple threads and software components. This paper introduces an approach to create formal models for the behavior of adaptive programs. Our approach separates the adaptation behavior and non-adaptive behavior specifications of adaptive programs, making the models easier to specify and more amenable to automated analysis and visual inspection. We introduce a process to construct adaptation models, automatically generate adaptive programs from the models, and verify and validate the models. We illustrate our approach through the development of an adaptive GSM-oriented audio streaming protocol for a mobile computing application.
18945895
Advances in Fuzzy Method for Natural Computing
Both natural computing and fuzzy method exhibit human-like mental processing. Natural computing is the field of research that works with computational techniques inspired in part by natural systems. Fuzzy method is an alternative to traditional notions of set membership and logic, and it occurs in many applications of engineering, science and medicine. This paper presents a survey of recent advances in fuzzy method for natural computing, such as fuzzy artificial neural networks, fuzzy genetic algorithms, fuzzy ant colony optimization, fuzzy artificial immune systems, etc. We utilize uncertainty handling capacity of fuzzy method for modeling ambiguity, and the learning ability of natural computing for efficiently traversing large search spaces.