117896645
On the origin of the holographic principle
It was recently suggested that quantum mechanics and gravity are not fundamental but emerge from information loss at causal horizons. On the basis of the formalism the holographic principle is also shown to arise naturally from the loss of information about bulk fields observed by an outside observer. As an application, Witten's prescription is derived.
118903338
Radiation Damping at a Bubble Wall
The first order phase transition proceeds via nucleation and growth of true vacuum bubbles. When charged particles collide with the bubble they could radiate electromagnetic wave. We show that, due to an energy loss of the particles by the radiation, the damping pressure acting on the bubble wall depends on the velocity of the wall even in a thermal equilibrium state.
119213988
Quantum entanglement from the holographic principle
It is suggested that quantum entanglement emerges from the holographic principle stating that all of the information of a region (bulk bits) can be described by the bits on its boundary surface. There are redundancy and information loss in the bulk bits that lead to the nonlocal correlation among the bulk bits. Quantum field theory overestimates the independent degrees of freedom in the bulk. The maximum entanglement in the universe increases as the size of the cosmic horizon and this could be related with the arrow of time and dark energy.
118674685
Zero cosmological constant and nonzero dark energy from the holographic principle
The first law of thermodynamics and the holographic principle applied to an arbitrary large cosmic causal horizon are shown to naturally demand a zero cosmological constant and a non-zero dynamical dark energy in the form of the holographic dark energy. A semiclassical analysis shows that the holographic dark energy has a parameter d = 1 and an equation of state comparable to current observational data if the entropy of the horizon saturates the Bekenstein-Hawking bound. This result indicates that quantum field theory should be modified on a large scale to explain the dark energy. The relations among the dark energy, the quantum vacuum energy and the entropic gravity are also discussed.
17111859
Black Hole as an Information Eraser
We discuss the identity of black hole entropy and show that the first law of black hole thermodynamics, in the case of a Schwarzschild black hole, can be derived from Landauer's principle by assuming that the black hole is one of the most efficient information erasers. The term "most efficient" implies that maximal information will be erased for a given amount of work. We calculate the discrete mass spectra and the entropy of a Schwarzschild black hole assuming that the black hole processes information in unit of bits. The black hole entropy acquires a subleading contribution proportional to the logarithm of its mass-squared in addition to the usual mass-squared term without an artificial cutoff. We also argue that the minimum of the black hole mass is $\sqrt{\log 2/(8\pi)}M_{\rm P}$.
118704582
Dark energy from forgetting
We suggest that dark energy has a quantum informational origin. Landauer's principle associated with the erasure of quantum information at a cosmic horizon implies the non-zero vacuum energy having effective negative pressure. Assuming the holographic principle, the minimum free energy condition, and the Gibbons-Hawking temperature for the cosmic event horizon we obtain the holographic dark energy with the parameter $d\simeq 1$, which is consistent with the current observational data. It is also shown that both the entanglement energy and the horizon energy can be related to Landauer's principle.
3069819
Test of factorization hypothesis from exclusive nonleptonic B decays
We investigate the possibility of testing the factorization hypothesis in nonleptonic exclusive decays of the B meson. In particular, we consider the nonfactorizable ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{(*)+}{D}_{s}^{(*)\ensuremath{-}}$ modes and ${B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{(*)+}({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}},{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ known as well-factorizable modes. By taking the ratios $\mathcal{B}({B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{(*)+}{D}_{s}^{(*)\ensuremath{-}})/\mathcal{B}[{B}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{(*)+}({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}},{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{-}})],$ we find that under the present theoretical and experimental uncertainties there is no evidence for the breakdown of the factorization description for heavy-heavy decays of the B meson.
119244847
Quantum gravity from noncommutative spacetime
We review a novel and authentic way to quantize gravity. This novel approach is based on the fact that Einstein gravity can be formulated in terms of a symplectic geometry rather than a Riemannian geometry in the context of emergent gravity. An essential step for emergent gravity is to realize the equivalence principle, the most important property in the theory of gravity (general relativity), from U(1) gauge theory on a symplectic or Poisson manifold. Through the realization of the equivalence principle, which is an intrinsic property in symplectic geometry known as the Darboux theorem or the Moser lemma, one can understand how diffeomorphism symmetry arises from noncommutative U(1) gauge theory; thus, gravity can emerge from the noncommutative electromagnetism, which is also an interacting theory. As a consequence, a background-independent quantum gravity in which the prior existence of any spacetime structure is not a priori assumed but is defined by using the fundamental ingredients in quantum gravity theory can be formulated. This scheme for quantum gravity can be used to resolve many notorious problems in theoretical physics, such as the cosmological constant problem, to understand the nature of dark energy, and to explain why gravity is so weak compared to other forces. In particular, it leads to a remarkable picture of what matter is. A matter field, such as leptons and quarks, simply arises as a stable localized geometry, which is a topological object in the defining algebra (noncommutative ★-algebra) of quantum gravity.
867013
Quark-Lepton Complementarity with Renormalization Effects through Threshold Corrections
The recent experimental measurements of the solar neutrino mixing angle θ sol and the Cabibbo mixing angle θ C reveal a surprising relation, θ sol+ θ C ’ π 4 . While this empirical relation has been interpreted as a support of the idea of grand unification, it may be merely accidental in the sense that reproducing the relation at a low energy in the framework of grand unification may depend strongly on the renormalization effects whose size can vary with the choice of parameter space. We note that the lepton mixing matrix derived from quark-lepton unification can lead to a shift of the complementarity relation at low energy. While the renormalization group effects generally lead to additive contribution on top of the shift, we show that the threshold corrections which may exist in some intermediate scale new physics such as supersymmetric standard model can diminish it, so we can achieve the complementarity relation at a low energy.
119253557
Listening to Noise
We show how sign problems in simulations of many-body systems can manifest themselves in the form of heavy-tailed correlator distributions, similar to what is seen in electron propagation through disordered media. We propose an alternative statistical approach for extracting ground state energies in such systems, illustrating the method with a toy model and with lattice data for unitary fermions and for baryons in QCD.
119238853
THE PRESENCE OF TWO DISTINCT RED GIANT BRANCHES IN THE GLOBULAR CLUSTER NGC 1851
There is a growing body of evidence for the presence of multiple stellar populations in some globular clusters, including NGC 1851. For most of these peculiar globular clusters, however, the evidence for the multiple red giant branches (RGBs) having different heavy elemental abundances as observed in ω Centauri is hitherto lacking, although spreads in some lighter elements are reported. It is therefore not clear whether they also share the suggested dwarf galaxy origin of ω Cen or not. Here we show from the CTIO 4 m UVI photometry of the globular cluster NGC 1851 that its RGB is clearly split into two in the U – I color. The two distinct RGB populations are also clearly separated in the abundance of heavy elements as traced by calcium, suggesting that the Type II supernovae enrichment is also responsible, in addition to the pollutions of lighter elements by intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch stars or fast-rotating massive stars. The RGB split, however, is not shown in the V – I color, as indicated by previous observations. Our stellar population models show that this and the presence of bimodal horizontal-branch distribution in NGC 1851 can be naturally reproduced if the metal-rich second generation stars are also enhanced in helium.