122433374
Detection of muons with a lead/scintillating-fiber calorimeter
Abstract We report on an experimental study of the signals from high-energy (5–225 GeV) muons traversing a 9.5 interaction lengths deep electromagnetic/hadronic calorimeter consisting of lead and scintillating plastic fibers, constructed at CERN in the framework of the LAA project. The muons lose on average between 2.6 GeV (at 5 GeV) and 8.8 GeV (at 225 GeV) in this process. This energy loss can be measured with a precision of a fraction of a GeV in most of the events. Accuracy in the energy loss measurements is important since the rms spread in the energy loss of muons traversing this calorimeter is not smaller than ∼6% at any energy. The nominal calibration constants, derived from the calorimeter response to electromagnetic showers, are found to be incorrect for the muon signals. On average, these calibration constants are between 40% (for low energy muons) and 15% (high energy) too high. The fiber bunches sticking out of the back plane of the calorimeter for readout purposes cause the muon signals to be position dependent. This can cause an anomalous enhancement of the muon signal of up to 35%. A moderate position resolution of ∼ 1 cm is sufficient to correct for this effect. The e/mip ratio was found to be 0.72±0.03.
22794424
Dipole and spin-dipole resonances in charge-exchange reactions on 12C.
The [sup 12]C([ital n],[ital p])[sup 12]B reaction was studied using the white neutron source at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility/Weapon Neutron Research Center with a continuous incident neutron energy from 60 to 260 MeV. Double differential cross sections were measured in the angular range 11[degree][le][theta][sub lab][le]37[degree]. Using the neutron time-of-flight facility at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, we also studied the [sup 12]C([ital p],[ital n])[sup 12]N reaction at [ital E][sub [ital p]]=186 MeV and the [sup 12]C([ital [rvec p]],[ital [rvec n]])[sup 12]N reaction at [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=160 and 186 MeV. Double differential cross sections were measured between [theta][sub lab]=0[degree] and [theta][sub lab]=50[degree] in 5[degree] steps. Spin observables [ital D][sub [ital N][ital N]], [ital A][sub [ital Y]], and [ital P] were measured at [theta][sub lab]=5[degree],9[degree],13[degree] with [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=160 MeV and [theta][sub lab]=15[degree],20[degree] with [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=186 MeV. Angular distributions of differential cross section and spin observables for low-lying transitions in the residual nuclei are compared with disorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) calculations. A multipole decomposition analysis was performed to study the giant dipole and giant spin-dipole resonances. The contributions of the quasifree reaction in the giant resonance region was subtracted. The empirical results ofmore » energy distributions for dipole ([Delta][ital L]=1) transition are compared with DWIA calculations using nuclear structure information obtained with a conventional shell model and also with a random phase approximation.« less
10177650
Clarification of the three-body decay of 12C (12.71 MeV).
Using beta decays of a clean source of 12N produced at the IGISOL facility, we have measured the breakup of the 12C (12.71 MeV) state into three alpha particles with a segmented particle detector setup. The high quality of the data permits solving the question of the breakup mechanism of the 12.71 MeV state, a longstanding problem in few-body nuclear physics. Among existing models, a modified sequential model fits the data best, but systematic deviations indicate that a three-body description is needed.
5742840
Crystallization in the Thin and Ultrathin Films of Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene
The crystallization of poly(ethylene−vinyl acetate) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films spun-cast from the polymer/toluene solutions with as-cast thickness from 460 to 10 nm was studied. The lamellar thickness was measured using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and found to increase from 14 to 21 nm for films thinner than 100 nm. The morphology of LLDPE measured by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) showed an edge-on lamellae for the films thicker than 30 nm and flat-on lamellae for the films thinner than 15 nm. A pseudo-“shish-kebab” tiny crystal structure was observed in between the larger lamellae. Crystallinity was confirmed using attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The shear modulation force microscopy technique (SMFM) was used to measure the melting point, Tm, which was found to decrease for films thinner than 100 nm. The rate of decrease was a function of the annealing pr...
1289258
Energetic electrons associated with magnetic reconnection in the magnetic cloud boundary layer.
Here is reported in situ observation of energetic electrons (∼100-500 keV) associated with magnetic reconnection in the solar wind by the ACE and Wind spacecraft. The properties of this magnetic cloud driving reconnection and the associated energetic electron acceleration problem are discussed. Further analyses indicate that the electric field acceleration and Fermi-type mechanism are two fundamental elements in the electron acceleration processes and the trapping effect of the specific magnetic field configuration maintains the acceleration status that increases the totally gained energy.
120316681
Experimental results of the betatron sum resonance
The experimental observations of motion near the betatron sum resonance, /spl nusub x/+2/spl nusub z/=13, are presented. A fast quadrupole (Panofsky-style ferrite picture-frame magnet with 8 pulsed power supplies) producing a betatron tune shift of the order of 0.03 at rise time of 1 /spl mu/s was used. This quadrupole was used to produce betatron tunes which jumped past and then crossed back through a betatron sum resonance line. The beam response as function of initial betatron amplitudes were recorded turn by turn. The correlated growth of the action variables, J/sub x/ and J/sub z/, was observed. The phase space plots in the resonance frame reveal the features of particle motion near the nonlinear sum resonance region.<<ETX>>
121035277
Response to muons, electrons and pions of a calorimeter constituted by small cross section brass tubes
Abstract A brass tube prototype calorimeter for the L3 detector has been exposed to the X3 beam of the CERN SPS. Its performance, tested with muons and electrons, is very satisfactory. With a sampling of 14 mm of copper, the energy resolution is 30% for 4 GeV pions.
10034711
The beam energy calibration system for the BEPC-II collider
This document contains a proposal of the BEPC-II collider beam energy calibration system (IHEP, Beijing). The system is based on Compton backscattering of carbon dioxide laser radiation, producing a beam of high energy photons. Their energy spectrum is then accurately measured by HPGe detector. The high-energy spectrum edge will allow to determine the average electron or positron beam energy with relative accuracy about 3x10^-5.
118635245
Non-commutativity, teleology and GRB time delay
Abstract We propose a model in which an energy-dependent time delay of a photon originates from space–time non-commutativity, the time delay is due to a non-commutative coupling between dilaton and photon. We predict that in our model, high energy photons with different momentum can either be delayed or superluminal, this may be related to a possible time delay reported by the Fermi LAT and Fermi GBM Collaborations.
122378125
Kinetic study on self-energy and stopping power of charged particles moving in metallic carbon nanotubes
13908197
Little string amplitudes (and the unreasonable effectiveness of 6D SYM)
A bstractWe study tree level scattering amplitudes of four massless states in the double scaled little string theory, and compare them to perturbative loop amplitudes in six-dimensional super-Yang-Mills theory. The little string amplitudes are computed from correlators in the cigar coset CFT and in N$$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 minimal models. The results are expressed in terms of integrals of conformal blocks and evaluated numerically in the α′ expansion. We find striking agreements with up to 2-loop scattering amplitudes of massless gluons in 6D SU(k) SYM at a ℤk invariant point on the Coulomb branch. We comment on the issue of UV divergence at higher loop orders in the gauge theory and discuss the implication of our results.