14529794
Research into Verifying Semistructured Data
Semistructured data is now widely used in both web applications and database systems. Much of the research into this area defines algorithms that transform the data and schema, such as data integration, change management, view definition, and data normalization. While some researchers have defined a formalism for the work they have undertaken, there is no widely accepted formalism that can be used for the comparison of algorithms within these areas. The requirements of a formalism that would be helpful in these situations are that it must capture all the necessary semantics required to model the algorithms, it should not be too complex and it should be easy to use. This paper describes a first step in defining such a formalism. We have modelled the semantics expressed in the ORA-SS (Object Relationship Attribute data model for SemiStructured data) data modelling notation in two formal languages that have automatic verification tools. We compare the two models and present the findings.
15850441
Validating Semistructured Data Using OWL
Semistructured data has become prevalent in both web applications and database systems. This rapid growth in use makes the design of good semistructured data essential. Formal semantics and automated reasoning tools enable us to reveal the inconsistencies in a semistructured data model and its instances. The Object Relationship Attribute model for Semistructured data (ORA-SS) is a graphical notation for designing and representing semistructured data. This paper presents a methodology of encoding the semantics of ORA-SS in the Web Ontology Language (OWL) and automatically validating the semistructured data design using the OWL reasoning tool – RACER. Our methodology provides automated consistency checking of an ORA-SS data model at both the schema and instance levels.
1721253
Object-Z web environment and projections to UML
This paper presents the XML/XSL approach to the development of a web environment for the formal speci cation language Object-Z. The projection techniques and tools from Object-Z (in XML) to UML (in XMI) are developed using XSL Transformations (XSLT). Furthermore, Object-Z (itself) is used to specify and design the essential functionalities of the web environment and the projection tools to UML. In a sense, the paper also demonstrates a formal approach to modeling web applications.
2512098
XML-Based Static Type Checking and Dynamic Visualization for TCOZ
Timed Communicating Object Z(TCOZ) combines Object-Z's strengths in modelling complex data and state with TCSP's strengths in modeling real-time concurrency. Based on our previous work on the XML environment for TCOZ, this paper firstly demonstrates the development of a type checker for detecting static semantic errors of the TCOZ specification, then illustrates a transformation tool to automatically project TCOZ models into UML statechart diagrams for visualising the dynamic system behaviour.
10228448
A Z Approach in Validating ORA-SS Data Models
The rapid growth of the World Wide Web has resulted in more data being accessed over the Internet. In turn there is an increase in the use of semistructured data, which plays a crucial role in many web applications particularly with the introduction of XML and its related technologies. This increase in use makes the design of good semistructured data structures essential. The Object Relationship Attribute model for Semistructured data (ORA-SS) is a graphical notation for designing and representing semistructured data. In this paper, we demonstrate an approach to formally validate the ORA-SS data models in order to enhance the correctness of semistructured data design. A mathematical semantics for the ORA-SS notation is defined using the Z formal language, and further validation processes are carried out to check the correctness of the semistructured data models at both the schema and instance levels.
15503932
A tools environment for developing and reasoning about ontologies
Started in the beginning of 2001, the semantic Web is regarded by many as the next generation of the Web. Ontology languages are the building blocks of semantic Web as they provide basic vocabularies for data markups: the ontologies. The correctness of shared ontologies is crucial to the proper functioning of agents. Hence ensuring the consistency of ontologies is a central issue in both the design and deployment phases of any semantic Web-aware application. Our experiences show that semantic Web is a novel and fruitful application domain for formal languages and their mature reasoning tool support. In order to ease the application of formal methods and tools to the semantic Web, we developed an integrated tools environment to support systematic development of OWL ontologies and then transformation, reasoning assistance and querying of them.
16344729
A practical system of keyphrase extraction for web pages
Keyphrases can be used to facilitate Web users grasping the main topic(s) of a Web page. We present a practical system of automatic keyphrase extraction for Web pages. In this system, a regression model was first trained based on a set of human-labeled documents. Then it was used to extract keyphrases from new pages automatically. This paper makes three contributions. First, the structure information in a Web page was investigated for keyphrase extraction task. Second, the query log data associated with a Web page collected by a search engine server were used to help keyphrase extraction. Third, a method was put forward in this paper in order to evaluate the similarity of phrases.
2985442
Analysis of large-scale topological properties for peer-to-peer networks
In This work we present a thorough study of the topological properties of the Gnutella network, which provides insight into the nature of the underlying system, helps us design high performance algorithms and generates more realistic topologies for simulation experiments. We compare two theoretical models of growing networks with the present real data of the Gnutella network.
548328
Latent Friend Mining from Blog Data
The rapid growth of blog (also known as "weblog") data provides a rich resource for social community mining. In this paper, we put forward a novel research problem of mining the latent friends of bloggers based on the contents of their blog entries. Latent friends are defined in this paper as people who share the similar topic distribution in their blogs. These people may not actually know each other, but they have the interest and potential to find each other out. Three approaches are designed for latent friend detection. The first one, called cosine similarity-based method, determines the similarity between bloggers by calculating the cosine similarity between the contents of the blogs. The second approach, known as topic-based method, is based on the discovery of latent topics using a latent topic model and then calculating the similarity at the topic level. The third one is two-level similarity-based, which is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, an existing topic hierarchy is exploited to build a topic distribution for a blogger. Then, in the second stage, a detailed similarity comparison is conducted for bloggers that are close in interest to each other which are discovered in the first stage. Our experimental results show that both the topic-based and two-level similarity-based methods work well, and the last approach performs much better than the first two. In this paper, we give a detailed analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches.
5576877
A Compound Intrusion Detection Model
Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) have become a critical part of security systems. The goal of an intrusion detection system is to identify intrusion effectively and accurately. However, the performance of misuse intrusion detection system (MIDS) or anomaly intrusion detection system (AIDS) is not satisfying. In this paper, we study the issue of building a compound intrusion detection model, which has the merits of MIDS and AIDS. To build this compound model, we propose an improved Bayesian decision theorem. The improved Bayesian decision theorem brings some profits to this model: to eliminate the flaws of a narrow definition for intrusion patterns, to extend the known intrusions patterns to novel intrusions patterns, to reduce risks that detecting intrusion brings to system and to offer a method to build a compound intrusion detection model that integrates MIDS with AIDS.
17998767
Text Classification Improved through Automatically Extracted Sequences
We propose to use the n-multigram model to help the automatic text classification task. This model could automatically discover the latent semantic sequences contained in the document set of each category. Based on the n-multigram model and the n-gram language model, we put forward two text classification algorithms. The experiments on RCV1 show that our proposed algorithm based on n-multigram model can achieve the similar classification performance compared with the one based on n-gram model. However, the model size of our algorithm is only 4.21% of the latter one. Another proposed algorithm based on the combination of nmultigram model and n-gram model improves the micro- F1 and macro-F1 values by 3.5% and 4.5% respectively which support the validity of our approach.