73703329
Non-Abelian Chern-Simons Theory from a Hubbard-like Model
Here, we provide a simple Hubbard-like model of spin-1/2 fermions that gives rise to the SU(2)-symmetric Thirring model that is equivalent, in the low-energy limit, to the Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons model. First, we identify the regime that simulates the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. Then, we suitably extend this model so that it gives rise to the SU(2) Chern-Simons theory with level k≥2 that can support non-Abelian anyons. This is achieved by introducing multiple fermionic species and modifying the Thirring interactions, while preserving the SU(2) symmetry. Our proposal provides the means to theoretically and experimentally probe non-Abelian SU(2) level k topological phases.
96459470
(3+1) -dimensional topological quantum field theory from a tight-binding model of interacting spinless fermions
Currently, there is much interest in discovering analytically tractable (3+1)-dimensional models that describe interacting fermions with emerging topological properties. Towards that end we present a three-dimensional tight-binding model of spinless interacting fermions that reproduces, in the low-energy limit, a (3+1)-dimensional Abelian topological quantum field theory called the BF model. By employing a mechanism equivalent to Haldane's Chern insulator, we can turn the noninteracting model into a three-dimensional chiral topological insulator. We then isolate energetically one of the two Fermi points of the lattice model. In the presence of suitable fermionic interactions, the system, in the continuum limit, is equivalent to a generalized (3+1)-dimensional Thirring model. The low-energy limit of this model is faithfully described by the BF theory. Our approach directly establishes the presence of (2+1)-dimensional BF theory at the boundary of the lattice and it provides a way to detect the topological order of the model through fermionic density measurements.
21372858
Induced topological phases at the boundary of 3D topological superconductors.
We present tight-binding models of 3D topological superconductors in class DIII that support a variety of winding numbers. We show that gapless Majorana surface states emerge at their boundary in agreement with the bulk-boundary correspondence. At the presence of a Zeeman field, the surface states become gapped and the boundary behaves as a 2D superconductor in class D. Importantly, the 2D and 3D winding numbers are in agreement, signifying that the topological phase of the boundary is induced by the phase of the 3D bulk. Hence, the boundary of a 3D topological superconductor in class DIII can be used for the robust realization of localized Majorana zero modes.
34016084
Abelian Chern-Simons-Maxwell theory from a tight-binding model of spinless fermions.
Abelian Chern-Simons-Maxwell theory can emerge from the bosonization of the (2+1)-dimensional Thirring model that describes interacting Dirac fermions. Here we show how the Thirring model manifests itself in the low energy limit of a two-dimensional tight-binding model of spinless fermions. To establish that, we employ a modification of Haldane's model, where the "doubling" of fermions is rectified by adiabatic elimination. Subsequently, fermionic interactions are introduced that lead to the analytically tractable Thirring model. By local density measurements of the lattice fermions we can establish that for specific values of the couplings the model exhibits the confining (2+1)-dimensional QED phase or a topological ordered phase that corresponds to the Chern-Simons theory. The implementation of the model as well as the measurement protocol are accessible with the current technology of cold atoms in optical lattices.
117979829
A crucial hypothesis for Inflation
As is well known there are many different inflationary models that can explain the accelerated expansion occurred in the early Universe. It is possible that there exists a fundamental property of this period that could provide the corresponding field theory. Our hypothesis is that the Ricci scalar should assume a positive constant value during Inflation. Considering a single scalar field that drives the inflationary phase, we obtain uniquely the scalar potential and the coupling term between the scalar field and spacetime geometry. For this potential, that is well known in the inflationary scenario, the theoretical prediction of the spectral index ns is in perfect agreement with the experimental data. Interestingly in two dimensions, our model is equivalent to Liouville gravity.
118598460
Topological effective field theories for Dirac fermions from index theorem
Dirac fermions have a central role in high energy physics but it is well known that they emerge also as quasiparticles in several condensed matter systems supporting topological order. We present a general method for deriving the topological effective actions of (3+1) massless Dirac fermions living on general backgrounds and coupled with vector and axial-vector gauge fields. The first step of our strategy is standard (in the Hermitian case) and consists in connecting the determinants of Dirac operators with the corresponding analytical indices through the zeta-function regularization. Then, we introduce a suitable splitting of the heat kernel that naturally selects the purely topological part of the determinant (i.e. the topological effective action). This topological effective action is expressed in terms of gauge fields using the Atiyah-Singer index theorem which computes the analytical index in topological terms. The main new result of this paper is to provide a consistent extension of this method to the non Hermitian case where a well-defined determinant does not exist. Quantum systems supporting relativistic fermions can thus be topologically classified on the basis of their response to the presence of (external or emergent) gauge fields through the corresponding topological effective field theories.
119331878
MOLECULAR LINES IN BOK GLOBULES AND AROUND HERBIG AE/BE STARS
This paper is intended as part of a more extensive molecular line survey in star forming regions along the evolutionary track of a collapsing cloud toward a young stellar object. We have studied a sample of seven small dark clouds (Bok globules) and eight Herbig Ae/Be stars in the J=1->0 transition of HCO$^{+}$, H$^{13}$CO$^{+}$, HCN and H$^{13}$CN. The choice of these molecules is determined by the simple chemistry and the predicted high abundance of the reactants leading to their formation. The isotopically substituted species (isotopomers), H$^{13}$CO$^{+}$ and H$^{13}$CN, were observed in order to determine, whenever possible, the optical thickness of the main species. The most abundant isotopomers were found in almost all the sources (detection rate 70-90\%). Those sources which exhibited the strongest signals were also searched for the $^{13}$C isotopomers. H$^{13}$CO$^{+}$ was found in one dark cloud and around three Herbig Ae/Be stars, while H$^{13}$CN around only one star. The column densities for each species and the physical conditions of the objects were derived whenever the observational data allowed it.
14932917
ASCA detection of the Fe K edge in the spectrum of the Seyfert 2 galaxy IRAS 04575-7537: a sign of a complex absorber
ASCA X-ray spectral analysis of the Seyfert 2 galaxy IRAS 04575 7537 is presented. The main result is the presence of a significant iron edge at a rest energy of 7.13 +0:21 0:16 keV. The spectrum is flat ( 1.5) with a substantial absorption: NH 10 22 cm 2 and does not require any reflection component. There is also evidence of a narrow Fe K emission line, whose rest energy (E = 6.35 +0:08 0:03 keV) and equivalent width (EW ' 13050 eV) suggest that the line originates from thick and cold matter. The intensity of the line and, in particular, the depth of the iron edge are too strong to be explained by simple trans- mission through the measured absorption column density. This strongly suggests that a model more complex than a single ab- sorbed power law is needed. We propose an absorption model that we call "leaky-total absorber" which can explain the spec- trum flatness, the iron emission line and the edge absorption feature and has also the advantage of having a straightforward physical interpretation in the framework of Unified models. In this model a thick absorber (NH 10 23 cm 2 ), possibly asso- ciated with broad line region (BLR) clouds, partially ( 36%) covers the source continuum with fixed to 1.9 as observed in Sey 1 galaxies. The escaping radiation is then absorbed by a column density NH 10 22 cm 2 , which can be attributed to the torus, seen through its rim.
18676788
Simbol-X Background Minimization: Mirror Spacecraft Passive Shielding Trade-Off Study
The present work shows a quantitative trade‐off analysis of the Simbol‐X Mirror Spacecraft (MSC) passive shielding, in the phase space of the various parameters: mass budget, dimension, geometry and composition. A simplified physical (and geometrical) model of the sky screen, implemented by means of a GEANT4 simulation, has been developed to perform a performance‐driven mass optimization and evaluate the residual background level on Simbol‐X focal plane.
33709843
X-ray spectral survey with XMM-Newton of a complete sample of nearby Seyfert galaxies
Results obtained from an X-ray spectral survey of nearby Seyfert galaxies using XMM–Newton are reported. The sample was optically selected, well defined, complete in B  magnitude, and distance limited: it consists of the nearest ($D \la22$ Mpc) 27 Seyfert galaxies (9 of type 1, 18 of type 2) taken from the Ho et al. (1997a, ApJS, 112, 315) sample. This is one of the largest atlases of hard X-ray spectra of low-luminosity active galaxies ever assembled. All nuclear sources except two Seyfert 2s are detected between 2 and 10 keV, half for the first time ever, and average spectra are obtained for all of them. Nuclear luminosities reach values down to 10 38  erg s -1 . The shape of the distribution of X-ray parameters is affected by the presence of Compton-thick objects ($\ga$30% among type 2s). The latter have been identified either directly from their intense FeK line and flat X-ray spectra, or indirectly with flux diagnostic diagrams which use isotropic indicators. After taking into account these highly absorbed sources, we find that (i) the intrinsic X-ray spectral properties (i.e., spectral shapes and luminosities above 2 keV) are consistent between type 1 and type 2 Seyferts, as expected from “unified models”; (ii) Seyfert galaxies as a whole are distributed fairly continuously over the entire range of N H , between 10 20 and 10 25  cm -2 ; and (iii) while Seyfert 1s tend to have lower N H and Seyfert 2s tend to have the highest, we find 30% and 10% exceptions, respectively. Overall the sample is of sufficient quality to well represent the average intrinsic X-ray spectral properties of nearby active galactic nuclei, including a proper estimate of the distribution of their absorbing columns. Finally, we conclude that, with the exception of a few cases, the present study agrees with predictions of unified models of Seyfert galaxies, and extends their validity down to very low luminosities.
10219162
BeppoSAX observations of Mkn 3: Piercing through the torus of a Seyfert 2 galaxy
An ewBeppoSAX broad-band (0.6-150 keV) spec- trum of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mkn 3 is presented. The spectrum provides a direct measurement of a large, neutral column of gas with NH 10 24 cm 2 in the source direction. The source, as bright as 3C 273 above 10 keV, has a steep ( 1.8) spec- trum without any evidence of a high-energy cutoff up to at least 150 keV. At lower energies, the data are best modeled with the addition of an unabsorbed reflection component. Combining these data with previous Ginga and ASCA observations, the Fe K and reflection continuum indicate that the reprocessed emission is responding slower than the intrinsic continuum vari- ations suggesting a size of the reprocessor > 2 pc. Identifying such a reprocessor with a (close to edge-on) obscuring torus, the overall result fits well into unified models since, presum- ably, one can interpret the strong absorption as due to transmis- sion through the rim of the torus and the unabsorbed (directly viewed) reflection component as due to reprocessing from the torus inner surface.