55650213
A Dyson–Schwinger study of the four-gluon vertex
We present a self-consistent calculation of the four-gluon vertex of Landau gauge Yang–Mills theory from a truncated Dyson–Schwinger equation. The equation contains the leading diagrams in the ultraviolet and is solved using as the only input results for lower Green functions from previous Dyson–Schwinger calculations that are in good agreement with lattice data. All quantities are therefore fixed and no higher Green functions enter within this truncation. Our self-consistent solution resolves the full momentum dependence of the vertex but is limited to the tree-level tensor structure at the moment. Calculations of selected dressing functions for other tensor structures from this solution are used to exemplify that they are suppressed compared to the tree-level structure except for possible logarithmic enhancements in the deep infrared. Our results furthermore allow one to extract a qualitative fit for the vertex and a running coupling.
86866691
Spurious divergences in Dyson-Schwinger equations
A bstractWe revisit the treatment of spurious ultraviolet divergences in the equation of motion of the gluon propagator caused by a momentum cutoff and the resulting violation of gauge invariance. With present continuum studies of the gluon propagator from its Dyson-Schwinger equation reaching the level of quantitatively accurate descriptions, it becomes increasingly important to understand how to subtract these spurious divergences in an unambiguous way. Here we propose such a method. It is based entirely on the asymptotic perturbative behavior of the QCD Green’s functions without affecting non-perturbative aspects such as mass terms or the asymptotic infrared behavior. As a particular example, this allows us to assess the possible influence of the tadpole diagram beyond perturbation theory. Finally, we test this method numerically by solving the system of Dyson-Schwinger equations of the gluon and ghost propagators.
119208185
Going beyond the propagators of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory
We present results for the propagators and the ghost-gluon vertex of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory obtained from Dyson-Schwinger equations. Solving these three quantities simultaneously constitutes a new step in truncating these equations. We also introduce a new model for the three-gluon vertex that is motivated by lattice results. It features a zero crossing which is confirmed a posteriori by a Dyson-Schwinger calculation. Within our setup we can reproduce lattice data very well. We establish that also for the ghost-gluon vertex a difference between decoupling and scaling solutions is present. For the scaling solution we discuss the possibility of modifying the infrared exponents via an angle dependence of the ghost-gluon vertex. However, no such dependence is found in our calculations. Finally, we calculate the Schwinger function for the gluon propagator.
118375544
On the influence of three-point functions on the propagators of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory
A bstractWe solve the Dyson-Schwinger equations of the ghost and gluon propagators of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory together with that of the ghost-gluon vertex. The latter plays a central role in many truncation schemes for functional equations. By including it dynamically we can determine its influence on the propagators. We also suggest a new model for the three-gluon vertex motivated by lattice data which plays a crucial role to obtain stable solutions when the ghost-gluon vertex is included. We find that both vertices have a sizable quantitative impact on the mid-momentum regime and contribute to the reduction of the gap between lattice and Dyson-Schwinger equation results. Furthermore, we establish that the three-gluon vertex dressing turns negative at low momenta as suggested by lattice results in three dimensions.
119167811
The infrared behavior of Landau gauge Yang–Mills theory in d=2, 3 and 4 dimensions
Abstract We develop a general power counting scheme for the infrared limit of Landau gauge SU ( N ) Yang–Mills theory in arbitrary dimensions. Employing a skeleton expansion, we find that the infrared behavior is qualitatively independent of the spacetime dimension d . In the cases d = 2 , 3 and 4 even the quantitative results for the infrared exponents of the vertices differ only slightly. Therefore, corresponding lattice simulations provide interesting qualitative information for the physical case. We furthermore find that the loop integrals depend only weakly on the numerical values of the IR exponents.
118463320
Infrared analysis of Dyson-Schwinger equations taking into account the Gribov horizon in Landau gauge
The low momentum behavior of the Landau gauge Gribov-Zwanziger action is investigated using the respective Dyson-Schwinger equations. Because of the mixing of the gluon and the auxiliary fields four scenarios can be distinguished for the infrared behavior. Two of them lead to inconsistencies and can be discarded. Another one corresponds to the case where the auxiliary fields behave exactly like the Faddeev-Popov ghosts and the same scaling relation as in standard Landau gauge, {kappa}{sub A}+2{kappa}{sub c}=0, is valid. Even the parameter {kappa} is found to be the same, 0.595. The mixed propagators, which appear, are suppressed in all loops, and their anomalous infrared exponent can also be determined. A fourth case provides an even stricter scaling relation that includes also the mixed propagators, but possesses the same qualitative feature, i.e. the propagators of the Faddeev-Popov ghost and the auxiliary fields are infrared enhanced and the mixed and the gluon propagators are infrared suppressed. In this case the system of equations to obtain the parameter {kappa} is nonlinear in all variables.
9879642
Results from a low-energy analysis of the CDMS II germanium data.
We report results from a reanalysis of data from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS II) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. Data taken between October 2006 and September 2008 using eight germanium detectors are reanalyzed with a lowered, 2 keV recoil-energy threshold, to give increased sensitivity to interactions from weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with masses below ∼10  GeV/c(2). This analysis provides stronger constraints than previous CDMS II results for WIMP masses below 9  GeV/c(2) and excludes parameter space associated with possible low-mass WIMP signals from the DAMA/LIBRA and CoGeNT experiments.
119221664
X-ray selected galaxy clusters in the Pan-STARRS Medium Deep Survey
We present the results of a pilot study for the extended Massive Cluster Survey (eMACS), a comprehensive search for distant, X-ray luminous galaxy clusters at z > 0.5. Our pilot study applies the eMACS concept to the 71 deg2 area extended by the 10 fields of the Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) Medium Deep Survey (MDS). Candidate clusters are identified by visual inspection of PS1 images in the g, r, i and z bands in a 5 × 5 arcmin2 region around X-ray sources detected in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS). To test and optimize the eMACS X-ray selection criteria, our pilot study uses the largest possible RASS data base, i.e. all RASS sources listed in the Bright and Faint Source Catalogues (BSC and FSC) that fall within the MDS footprint. We apply no additional constraints regarding X-ray flux, spectral hardness ratio or photon statistics and lower the redshift threshold to z > 0.3 to extend the probed luminosity range to poorer systems. Scrutiny of PS1/MDS images for 41 BSC and 200 FSC sources combined with dedicated spectroscopic follow-up observations results in a sample of 11 clusters with estimated or spectroscopic redshifts of z > 0.3. In order to assess and quantify the degree of point source contamination of the observed RASS fluxes, we examine archival Chandra data obtained in targeted and serendipitous observations of six of the 11 clusters found. As expected, the diffuse emission from all six systems is contaminated by point sources to some degree, and for half of them active galactic nucleus emission dominates. X-ray follow-up observations will thus be crucial in order to establish robust cluster luminosities for eMACS clusters. Although the small number of distant X-ray luminous clusters in the MDS does not allow us to make firm predictions for the over 20 000 deg2 of extragalactic sky covered by eMACS, the identification of two extremely promising eMACS cluster candidates at z ≳ 0.6 (both yet to be observed with Chandra) in such a small solid angle is encouraging. Representing a tremendous gain over the presently known two dozen such systems from X-ray, optical and Sunyaev–Zel’dovich cluster surveys combined, the sample of over 100 extremely massive clusters at z > 0.5 expected from eMACS would be invaluable for the identification of the most powerful gravitational lenses in the Universe, as well as for in-depth and statistical studies of the physical properties of the most massive galaxy clusters out to z ∼ 1.
116896629
Nuclear Structure Information from Pion Absorption Experiments
The study of the absorption of π mesons by complex nuclei is particularly suited to reveal interesting and new information on nuclear structure properties. The reason for this is that a large energy, i.e. 140 MeV, and very little momentum are released and have to be absorbed by the nucleus. This is only possible via the high momentum components of the nucleon wave functions, or in r-space, by the short-range correlations between two nucleons. Presumably they arise from the short range part of the nucleonnucleon interaction which causes a modification of the currently most successful model, the independent particle model. These effects in practice cannot be taken into account by a straightforward application of shell model techniques.A more practicable way is the use of correlqed Jastrow functions 1 ; the correlated many-body wave function, \(\overset{\wedge }{\mathop{\Psi }}\,\), is given by 
 
$$\overset{\wedge }{\mathop{\Psi }}\,(1,2,\ldots ,A)=\Psi (1,2,\ldots ,A)\Pi f({{r}_{ik}})$$ 
 
where Ψ(1,2,...,A) is the shell model wave function, e.g. a Slater determinant of independent particle wave functions, and f(ik) is the correlation factor. In order to study the short range Correlation effects, it is useful to expand f(r) in a Fourier-Besselseries:
16396917
Discovery of two new faint cataclysmic variables
We report on the discovery of two new faint cataclysmic variables. The objects were selected as candidates from two different imaging surveys aimed at the discovery of such faint systems. One survey used color and variability while the other used color and Ha emission as selection criteria. We present our spectra of the two new variables and discuss their properties. A discussion of the implication of these discoveries on the space density of faint cataclysmic variables is presented.
123329950
Exclusion Limits on the WIMP Nucleon Cross-Section from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) employs low-temperature Ge and Si detectors to search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) via their elastic-scattering interactions with nuclei while discriminating against interactions of background particles. For recoil energies above 10 keV, events due to background photons are rejected with >99.9% efficiency, and surface events are rejected with >95% efficiency. The estimate of the background due to neutrons is based primarily on the observation of multiple-scatter events that should all be neutrons. Data selection is determined primarily by examining calibration data and vetoed events. Resulting efficiencies should be accurate to ∼10%. Results of CDMS data from 1998 and 1999 with a relaxed fiducial-volume cut (resulting in 15.8 kg days exposure on Ge) are consistent with an earlier analysis with a more restrictive fiducial-volume cut. Twenty-three WIMP candidate events are observed, but these events are consistent with a background from neutrons in all ways tested. Resulting limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic-scattering cross section exclude unexplored parameter space for WIMPs with masses between 10–70 GeV/c2. These limits border, but do not exclude, parameter space allowed by supersymmetry models and accelerator constraints. Results are compatible with some regions reported as allowed at 3σ by the annual-modulation measurement of the DAMA Collaboration. However, under the assumptions of standard WIMP interactions and a standard halo, the results are incompatible with the DAMA most likely value at >99.9% confidence level (C.L.), and are incompatible with the model-independent annual-modulation signal of DAMA at 99.99% C.L. in the asymptotic limit.