5595109
Word Sense Disambiguation with Semi-Supervised Learning
Current word sense disambiguation (WSD) systems based on supervised learning are still limited in that they do not work well for all words in a language. One of the main reasons is the lack of sufficient training data. In this paper, we investigate the use of unlabeled training data for WSD, in the framework of semi-supervised learning. Four semisupervised leaming algorithms are evaluated on 29 nouns of Senseval-2 (SE2) English lexical sample task and SE2 English all-words task. Empirical results show that unlabeled data can bring significant improvement in WSD accuracy.
12294439
Learning to Separate Text Content and Style for Classification
Many text documents naturally have two kinds of labels. For example, we may label web pages from universities according to their categories, such as “student” or “faculty”, or according the source universities, such as “Cornell” or “Texas”. We call one kind of labels the content and the other kind the style. Given a set of documents, each with both content and style labels, we seek to effectively learn to classify a set of documents in a new style with no content labels into its content classes. Assuming that every document is generated using words drawn from a mixture of two multinomial component models, one content model and one style model, we propose a method named Cartesian EM that constructs content models and style models through Expectation Maximization and performs classification of the unknown content classes transductively. Our experiments on real-world datasets show the proposed method to be effective for style independent text content classification.
2748729
Partially Supervised Classification of Text Documents
We investigate the following problem: Given a set of documents of a particular topic or class P , and a large set M of mixed documents that contains documents from class P and other types of documents, identify the documents from class P in M . The key feature of this problem is that there is no labeled nonP document, which makes traditional machine learning techniques inapplicable, as they all need labeled documents of both classes. We call this problem partially supervised classification. In this paper, we show that this problem can be posed as a constrained optimization problem and that under appropriate conditions, solutions to the constrained optimization problem will give good solutions to the partially supervised classification problem. We present a novel technique to solve the problem and demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique through extensive experimentation.
37770250
A Theoretical Analysis of Query Selection for Collaborative Filtering
We consider the problem of determining which of a set of experts has tastes most similar to a given user by asking the user questions about his likes and dislikes. We describe a simple and fast algorithm for a theoretical model of this problem with a provable approximation guarantee, and prove that solving the problem exactly is NP-Hard.
1176859
RankCut - A Domain Independent Forward Pruning Method for Games
Forward pruning, also known as selective search, is now employed in many strong game-playing programs. In this paper, we introduce RankCut – a domain independent forward pruning technique which makes use of move ordering, and prunes once no better move is likely to be available. Since gameplaying programs already perform move ordering to improve the performance of αβ search, this information is available at no extra cost. As RankCut uses additional information untapped by current forward pruning techniques, RankCut is a complementary forward pruning method that can be used with existing methods, and is able to achieve improvements even when conventional pruning techniques are simultaneously employed. We implemented RankCut in a modern open-source chess program, CRAFTY. RankCut reduces the game-tree size by approximately 10%-40% for search depths 8-12 while retaining tactical reliability, when implemented alongside CRAFTY’s existing forward pruning techniques.
9023584
Text classification with kernels on the multinomial manifold
Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have been very successful in text classification. However, the intrinsic geometric structure of text data has been ignored by standard kernels commonly used in SVMs. It is natural to assume that the documents are on the multinomial manifold, which is the simplex of multinomial models furnished with the Riemannian structure induced by the Fisher information metric. We prove that the Negative Geodesic Distance (NGD) on the multinomial manifold is conditionally positive definite (cpd), thus can be used as a kernel in SVMs. Experiments show the NGD kernel on the multinomial manifold to be effective for text classification, significantly outperforming standard kernels on the ambient Euclidean space.
2807949
Search K Nearest Neighbors on Air
While the K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN) problem is well studied in the traditional wired, disk-based client-server environment, it has not been tackled in a wireless broadcast environment. In this paper, the problem of organizing location dependent data and answering KNN queries on air are investigated. The linear property of wireless broadcast media and power conserving requirement of mobile devices make this problem particularly interesting and challenging. An efficient data organization, called sorted list, and the corresponding search algorithm are proposed and compared with the well-known spatial index, R-Tree. In addition, we develop an approximate search scope to guide the search at the very beginning of the search process and a learning algorithm to adapt the search scope during the search to improve energy and access efficiency. Simulation based performance evaluation is conducted to compare sorted list and R-Tree. The results show that the utilization of search scope and learning algorithm improves search efficiency of both index mechanisms significantly. While R-Tree is more power efficient when a large number of nearest neighbors is requested, the sorted list has better access efficiency and less power consumption when the number of nearest neighbors is small.
36016019
The M-Machine multicomputer
261349
Early termination in Ben-Or/Tiwari sparse interpolation and a hybrid of Zippel's algorithm
609769
Spatial Queries in Wireless Broadcast Systems
Owing to the advent of wireless networking and personal digital devices, information systems in the era of mobile computing are expected to be able to handle a tremendous amount of traffic and service requests from the users. Wireless data broadcast, thanks to its high scalability, is particularly suitable for meeting such a challenge. Indexing techniques have been developed for wireless data broadcast systems in order to conserve the scarce power resources in mobile clients. However, most of the previous studies do not take into account the impact of location information of users. In this paper, we address the issues of supporting spatial queries (including window queries and kNN queries) of location-dependent information via wireless data broadcast. A linear index structure based on the Hilbert curve and corresponding search algorithms are proposed to answer spatial queries on air. Experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed indexing technique. Results show that the proposed index and its enhancement outperform existing algorithms significantly.
86127
Symbolic-numeric sparse interpolation of multivariate polynomials
We consider the problem of sparse interpolation of an approximate multivariate black-box polynomial in floating-point arithmetic. That is, both the inputs and outputs of the black-box polynomial have some error, and all numbers are represented in standard, fixed-precision, floating point arithmetic. By interpolating the black box evaluated at random primitive roots of unity, we give efficient and numerically robust solutions. We note the similarity between the exact Ben-Or/Tiwari sparse interpolation algorithm and the classical Prony's method for interpolating a sum of exponential functions, and exploit the generalized eigenvalue reformulation of Prony's method. We analyze the numerical stability of our algorithms and the sensitivity of the solutions, as well as the expected conditioning achieved through randomization. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in practice through numerical experiments and applications.