9424834
Capacity Bound of MIMO Systems with MPSK Modulation and Time-Multiplexed Pilots
In this letter, we elucidate the ergodic capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with M-ary phase-shift keying (MPSK) modulation and time-multiplexed pilots in frequency-flat Rayleigh fading environment. With linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) channel estimation, the optimal pilots design is presented. For mathematical tractability, we derive an easy-computing closed-form lower bound of the channel capacity. Based on the lower bound, the optimal power allocation between the data and pilots is also presented in closed-form, and the optimal training length is investigated by numerical optimization. It is shown that the transmit scheme with equal training and data power and optimized training length provides suboptimal performance, and the transmit scheme with optimized training length and training power is optimal. With the latter scheme, in most situations, the optimal training length equals the number of the transmit antennas and the corresponding optimal power allocation can be easily computed with the proposed formula.
2080159
The Impacts of Radio Channels and Node Mobility on Link Statistics in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Understanding link statistics in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is essential to design adaptive routing protocols and achieve desired network performance. While much attention has been given to the node mobility impacts, little has been done to investigate the influence of dynamic channel fadings and the joint effects of the interactions among radio channels, transmission range, node mobility and node-pair distance on link statistics. In this paper, we investigate the link stability and availability by using a distance transition probability matrix of a relative distance between two nodes. Our analysis takes the node effective transmission range Re into account. The relative node movement is based on the Semi-Markov Smooth (SMS) mobility model [1] which captures the smooth node speed (V) transition and the radio channel variations in a small time- scale. We show that the PDF of link lifetime in MANETs can be effectively approximated by the exponential distribution characterized by the parameter V/Re. Moreover, we And that the impacting factors on residual link lifetime are in the decreasing order of node speed, transmission range, node-pair distance. The analytical results are validated by extensive simulations.
3677775
Relaying Schemes for MIMO Broadcast Channels: Coexistence of Direct-Link and Relay-Link Users
The combination of relay and Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques can significantly benefit the signal transmission in cellular networks. In this work, we propose a novel relaying scheme for the relay assisted MIMO broadcast channel including user classification and precoding. The users are firstly classified as Direct Link (DL) users and Relay Link (RL) users according to their channel conditions. After classification, both DL and RL users may coexist in the system, and Zero-Forcing (ZF) precoding is employed at both the BS and the relay for interference cancellation. Analysis and simulation results show that the proposed relaying scheme can effectively combat the large scale fading of the channels and provide significant performance gain compared with the conventional MIMO relaying schemes without user classification.
12272080
Linear Precoding for V-BLAST Systems in the Presence of Fading Correlations
This letter proposed a linear precoding scheme for the V-BLAST system that requires only knowledge of the statistical CSI; the transmitter does not need the instantaneous CSI. Power allocation on the eigenmodes of the transmit correlation matrix is one way to minimize bit error rate (BER). Simulation results show that the proposed precoding V-BLAST system provides a significant reduction in the BER compared with the conventional V-BLAST systems.
122893722
Iterative Turbo Channel Estimation for OFDM System over Rapid Dispersive Fading Channel
Coherent OFDM detection requires accurate channel state information (CSI). Mobile radio channels are both time and frequency dispersive, especially at high vehicular speeds, which makes channel estimation a challenging problem in system design. Conventional preamble-based and pilot-aided channel estimation require numerous reference signals, which significantly compromises the system throughput. This paper proposes a novel low complexity iterative turbo channel estimation technique which makes use of preamble, pilots and soft decoded data information in an iterative fashion to improve the system performance over the time and frequency selective fading channel while maintaining the system throughput. The numerical and analytical results show that the proposed technique can approach the performance of systems with perfect CSI with much fewer preamble and pilots symbols compared to existing channel estimation methods.
27105771
A Novel Evaluation Method for the Downlink Capacity of Distributed Antenna Systems
This letter focuses on the simplified capacity evaluation for the downlink of a distributed antenna system (DAS) with random antenna layout. Based on system scale-up, we derive a good approximation of the downlink capacity by developing the results from random matrix theory. We also propose an iterative method to calculate the unknown parameters in the approximated expression of the downlink capacity. The approximation is illustrated to be quite accurate and the iterative method is shown to be quite efficient by Monte Carlo simulations.
694816
Distributed file system support for virtual machines in grid computing
This paper presents a data management solution which allows fast virtual machine (VM) instantiation and efficient run-time execution to support VMs as execution environments in grid computing. It is based on novel distributed file system virtualization techniques and is unique in that: 1) it provides on-demand access to VM state for unmodified VM monitors; 2) it supports user-level and write-back disk caches, per-application caching policies and middleware-driven consistency models; and 3) it supports the use of meta-data associated with files to expedite data transfers. The paper reports on its performance in a WAN setup using VMware-based VMs. Results show that the solution delivers performance over 30% better than native NFS and can bring application-perceived overheads below 10% relatively to a local disk setup. The solution also allows a VM with 1.6GB virtual disk and 320MB virtual memory to be cloned within 160 seconds when it is first instantiated (and within 25 seconds for subsequent clones).
3073027
Subspace analysis and optimization for AAM based face alignment
Active appearance models (AAM) is very powerful for extracting objects, e.g. faces, from images. It is composed of two parts: the AAM subspace model and the AAM search. While these two parts are closely correlated, existing efforts treated them separately and had not considered how to optimize them overall. In this paper, an approach is proposed to optimize the subspace model while considering the search procedure. We first perform a subspace error analysis, and then to minimize the AAM error we propose an approach which optimizes the subspace model according to the search procedure. For the subspace error analysis, we decomposed the subspace error into two parts, which are introduced by the subspace model and the search procedure respectively. This decomposition shows that the optimal results of AAM can be achieved only by optimizing both of them jointly rather than separately. Furthermore, based on this error decomposition, we develop a method to find the optimal subspace model according to the search procedure by considering both the two decomposed errors. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can find the optimal AAM subspace model rapidly and improve the performance of AAM significantly.
36101226
A Novel Fast Recursive MMSE-SIC Detection Algorithm for V-BLAST Systems
A novel fast recursive minimum mean square error successive interference cancellation (MMSE-SIC) algorithm with optimal detection order for vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time (V-BLAST) systems is proposed. In this algorithm, the MMSE Alter matrices and the optimal detection order are successively computed from the previously obtained filter matrices according to simple recursive pseudoinverse formulas, so that the algorithmic complexity is reduced significantly, especially for the practical number of transmit/receive antennas.
15313560
A user-level secure grid file system
A grid-wide distributed file system provides convenient data access interfaces that facilitate fine-grained cross-domain data sharing and collaboration. However, existing widely-adopted distributed file systems do not meet the security requirements for grid systems. This paper presents a Secure Grid File System (SGFS) which supports GSI-based authentication and access control, end-to-end message privacy, and integrity. It employs user-level virtualization of NFS to provide transparent grid data access leveraging existing, unmodified clients and servers. It supports user and application-tailored security customization per SGFS session, and leverages secure management services to control and configure the sessions. The system conforms to the GSI grid security infrastructure and allows for seamless integration with other grid middleware. A SGFS prototype is evaluated with both file system benchmarks and typical applications, which demonstrates that it can achieve strong security with an acceptable overhead, and substantially outperform native NFS in wide-area environments by using disk caching.
19156667
Double-orthogonal coded space-time-frequency spreading CDMA scheme
In this paper, we propose double-orthogonal coded space-time-frequency spreading code-division multiple-access (DOC-STFS-CDMA) scheme for the downlink orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems employing multiple transmit and receive antennas. First, we introduce the so-called STFS-CDMA and the corresponding minimum mean-square error (MMSE) detection algorithms for three scenarios with different user information. Then, we propose a new class of spreading codes, called double-orthogonal code (DOC), to match the MMSE detection algorithms for STFS-CDMA system. With the special double orthogonality, DOC can effectively exploit space, time, and frequency diversity to enhance the performance of MMSE detectors, and provide the well-balanced signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio to different users. Finally, the performance gain of the proposed scheme over conventional schemes is shown by computer simulation.