119013315
PHENOMENOLOGY OF GOLDSTINO COUPLINGS
A general coupling of the Goldstino to the matter field and the weak gravitational field is constructed based on the standard and nonlinear Volkov–Akulov realization of SUSY. The resulting Lagrangian, which is invariant under SUSY transformations, can give rise to explicit interactions which couple the helicity ±1/2 states of the gravitino with the gravitational field as well as the matter field.
119247484
Evolution of the CKM matrix in the universal extra dimension model
The evolution of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix and the quark Yukawa couplings is performed for the one-loop renormalization group equations in the universal extra dimension model. It is found that the evolution of mixing angles and the CP violation measure J may rapidly vary in the presence of the Kaluza-Klein modes, and this variation becomes dramatic as the energy approaches the unification scale.
17624140
Nonlinear realization and Weyl scale invariant p=2 brane
The action of Weyl scale invariant p=2 brane which breaks the target super-Weyl scale symmetry in the N=1, D=4 superspace down to the lower dimensional Weyl symmetry W(1,2) is derived by the approach of nonlinear realization. The dual form action for the Weyl scale invariant supersymmetric D2 brane is also constructed. The interactions of localized matter fields on the brane with the Nambu-Goldstone fields associated with the breaking of the symmetries in the superspace and one spatial translation directions are obtained through the Cartan one-forms of the Coset structures. The covariant derivatives for the localized matter fields are also obtained by introducing Weyl gauge field as the compensating field corresponding to the local scale transformation on the brane world volume.
118633437
NON-ABELIAN VORTEX-STRING DYNAMICS FROM NONLINEAR REALIZATION
The dynamics of the non-Abelian vortex-string, which describes its low energy oscillations into the target D = 3+1 space–time as well as its orientations in the internal space, is derived by the approach of nonlinear realization. The resulting action correlating these two sectors is found to have an invariant synthesis form of the Nambu–Goto-CPN-1 model actions. Higher order corrections to the vortex actions are presented up to the order of quartic derivatives. General p-brane dynamics in terms of the internal symmetry breaking is also discussed.
15518847
Spontaneous Broken Local Conformal Symmetry and Dark Energy
The local conformal symmetry is spontaneously broken down to the Local Lorentz invariance symmetry through the approach of nonlinear realization. The resulting effective Lagrangian, in the unitary gauge, describes a cosmological vector field non-minimally coupling to the gravitational field. As a result of the Higgs mechanism, the vector field absorbs the dilaton and becomes massive, but with an independent energy scale. The Proca type vector field can be modelled as dark energy candidate. The possibility that it further triggers Lorentz symmetry violation is also pointed out.
119254926
Scaling of the Higgs Self-coupling and bounds on the Extra Dimension
In this paper we study the one-loop evolution equation of the Higgs quartic coupling $\lambda$ in the minimal Universal Extra Dimension model, and find that there are certain bounds on the extra dimension due to the singularity and vacuum stability conditions of the Higgs sector. In the range $250GeV \sim {R^{- 1}} \sim 80TeV$ of the compactification radius, we notice that for a given initial value $\lambda ({M_Z})$, there is an upper limit on ${R^{- 1}}$ for a Higgs mass of $183GeV \sim {m_H}({M_Z}) \sim 187GeV$; where any other compactification scales beyond that have been ruled out for theories where the evolution of $\lambda$ does not develop a Landau pole and become divergent in the whole range (that is, from the electroweak scale to the unification scale). Likewise, in the range of the Higgs mass $152GeV \sim {m_H}({M_Z}) \sim 157GeV$, for an initial value $\lambda ({M_Z})$, we are led to a lower limit on ${R^{- 1}}$; any other compactification scales below that will be ruled out for theories where the evolution of $\lambda$ does not become negative and destabilize the vacuum between the electroweak scale and the unification scale. For a Higgs mass in the range $157GeV < {m_H}({M_Z}) < 183GeV$, the evolution of $\lambda$ is finite and the theory is valid in the whole range (from the electroweak scale to the unification scale) for $250GeV \sim {R^{- 1}} \sim 80TeV$.
14122115
Bubbles created from vacuum fluctuation
We show that the bubbles S ×S2can be created from vacuum fluctuation in certain De Sitter universe, so the space-time foam-like structure might really be constructed from bubbles of S × S in the very early inflating phase of our universe. But whether such foam-like structure persisted during the later evolution of the universe is a problem unsolved now. PACS: 04.20.Gz, 04.60.Ds Typeset using REVTEX Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under No. 19473005, and the Education Committee of Hunan Province. Email address: liaoliu@class1.bao.ac.cn or fhedoc@263.net 1 J.A.Wheeler was the first one who pointed out that the space-time might have a foam-like structure around the Plank scale [1],though it is simply connected and smooth at large scale. But what is the constituents of the space-time foam is a problem long unsolved. Hawking himself oscillated between the wormhole pictured and bubble pictured foam-like structure [2].However according to our point of view, the essential point is whether the bubble or wormhole could be really solutions of the semi-classical Einstein gravitational equation Gμ = − 8πG c 〈0 | T ν μ | 0〉ren, (1) where Gμ = R ν μ − 1 2Rδν μ is the Einstein tensor of the bubbles or wormhole, 〈0 | T ν μ | 0〉ren is however the renormalized matter stress-energy tensor of vacuum fluctuation in certain given classical background space-time, G is gravitational constant, c is velocity of light. The signature in our paper is -2. Early in 1993, one of the authors (L.Liu) had found a transient Lorentzian wormhole solution [3] ds = d(ct) − l p cosh2(ct/lp)dΩ23, (2) where lp is the Planck length. From (1), this Lorentzian mini-wormhole creates at certain early time and annihilates later under vacuum fluctuation in a closed inflating de Sitter background space-time of metric ds = d(ct) − αedΩ 3 , (3) where α = √ 3/Λ, Λ is the cosmological constant of the background de Sitter universe. Now the problem is whether the Euclidean bubble S × S can also be a solution of the semiclassical Euclidean Einstein field equation (1)? As is known, the Euclidean metric of S2×S2 is the Nariai instanton of metric [4] ds = −λ(sin χd ψ2 +dχ + dΩ 2 ), (4) where ψ is the imaginary time and √ 1/λ is the radius of the 2-sphere S. λ in our paper is nothing to do with the so-called cosmological constant, though it is so in the degenerated De Sitter-Schwarzschild spacetime historically. The Lorentzian Nariai metric is [4] 2 ds = λ sin χdψ − λdχ − λdθ − λ sin θdφ), (5) where ψ = −i ψ is a real time variable. From the Lorentzian Nariai metric (5) and (1), the renormalized vacuum matter stressenergy tensor can be obtained straightforward as (Appendix) 〈0 | T ν μ | 0〉ren = − c 8πG Gμ = c 8πG λδ μ. (6) However expression (6) is just the well-known vacuum matter stress-energy tensor in one-loop approximation for scalar field [5] 〈0 | T ν μ | 0〉ren = h̄c 960πα δ μ = cΛl p 8640πG δ μ, (α ≡ √ 3 Λ , Λ is the cosmological constant). (7) of the inflating flat de Sitter universe ds = d(ct) − e 2ct α dxdxi (8) or the inflating closed de Sitter universe ds = d(ct) − α cosh(ct/α)dΩ 3 (9)
18892576
The Statistic thermodynamical entropy of de Sitter space and its one loop correction
From the partition function of canonical ensemble we derive the entropy of the de Sitter space by anti-Wick rotation. And then from the one-loop bubble $S^2\times S^2$ created from vacuum fluctuation in de Sitter background space, we obtain the one-loop quantum correction to the entropy of de Sitter space.
121703876
Wormhole solution in Bergmann-Wagoner scalar-tensor gravitational theory
We give a Euclidean wormhole solution in the vacuum Bergmann-Wagoner scalar-tensor gravitational theory. We show that this wormhole, unlike others, has complex charge and is a baby universe (half a wormhole).
119388877
Energy absorption problem of a brane-world black hole
We have studied the wave dynamics and the energy absorption problem for the scalar field as well as the brane-localized gravitational field in the background of a brane-world black hole. Comparing our results with the four-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole, we have observed the signature of the extra dimension in the energy absorption spectrum.
7991709
Measurement of inelastic, single- and double-diffraction cross sections in proton–proton collisions at the LHC with ALICE
Measurements of cross sections of inelastic and diffractive processes in proton–proton collisions at LHC energies were carried out with the ALICE detector. The fractions of diffractive processes in inelastic collisions were determined from a study of gaps in charged particle pseudorapidity distributions: for single diffraction (diffractive mass MX<200 GeV/c2) $\sigma_{\mathrm{SD}}/\sigma_{\mathrm {INEL}} = 0.21 \pm 0.03, 0.20^{+0.07}_{-0.08}$, and $0.20^{+0.04}_{-0.07}$, respectively at centre-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} = 0.9, 2.76\mbox{, and }7~\mbox{TeV}$; for double diffraction (for a pseudorapidity gap Δη>3) σDD/σINEL=0.11±0.03,0.12±0.05, and $0.12^{+0.05}_{-0.04}$, respectively at $\sqrt{s} = 0.9, 2.76\mbox{, and }7~\mbox{TeV}$. To measure the inelastic cross section, beam properties were determined with van der Meer scans, and, using a simulation of diffraction adjusted to data, the following values were obtained: $\sigma_{\mathrm{INEL}} = 62.8^{+2.4}_{-4.0} (\mathrm{model}) \pm1.2 (\mathrm{lumi})$ mb at $\sqrt{s} = 2.76\ \mbox{TeV}$ and $73.2^{+2.0}_{-4.6} (\mathrm{model}) \pm2.6 (\mathrm{lumi})~\mbox{mb}$ at $\sqrt{s} = 7\ \mbox{TeV}$. The single- and double-diffractive cross sections were calculated combining relative rates of diffraction with inelastic cross sections. The results are compared to previous measurements at proton–antiproton and proton–proton colliders at lower energies, to measurements by other experiments at the LHC, and to theoretical models.