13585707
A High Population, Fault Tolerant Parallel Raytracer
We present hierarchical master-slave architecture for performing parallel raytracing algorithms that can support a large population of participating clients and at the same time maintain fault tolerance at the application level. Our design allows for scalability with minimal data redundancy and maximizes the utilization of each client involved in the raytracing process. Our results show that this three-layer system can survive any type or number of client failures, and any non-concurrent server failures, while maintaining a near linear increase in performance with the addition of each new processing client.
2288132
Applying Design Patterns in Distributing a Genetic Algorithm Application
-This paper describes an experiment that employs an incremental approach to distribute a genetic algorithm application. The incremental approach allows the application to be initially developed for a standalone system, and then extended to run on multiple systems concurrently. For the extension, design patterns are employed wherever appropriate. The use of design patterns in the experiment is described, and the outcome of the experiment, including quantitative measurements, is presented.
8315730
Distributed computing
A distributed computing system consists of a collection autonomous computers connected by a communication network. The motivation for such a distributed system includes resource and load sharing, reduced costs in computation and communication, higher performance and throughput, and increased reliability and availability.
7940393
Partial clustering: maintaining connectivity in a low duty-cycled dense wireless sensor network
We consider a dense wireless sensor network where the radio transceivers of the sensor nodes are heavily duty-cycled in order to conserve energy. The chief purpose of the sensor network is surveillance and monitoring, where upon observation of certain event of interest, a sensor node generates a message and forwards it to a gateway located somewhere in or near the network. This forwarding relies on routes constructed using sensors whose radios are on/active. In order for such messages to reach the gateway with minimal delay, any sensor in the network should ideally have a route to the gateway consisting of active sensors at all times. Prior approaches to similar problems include clustering, virtual backbone, and connected dominating sets. Low energy consumption and good connectivity are potentially conflicting objectives. Our principal goal is to find an approach that results in the lowest possible duty cycle, and that provides better trade-off between the two objectives. In this paper we introduce the concept of partial clustering, which may be viewed as a generalized method of clustering. We compare the theoretical performance of different instances of partial clustering to that of standard clustering, and show that partial clustering can achieve lower duty cycle and provide greater flexibility in the trade-off between energy efficiency and connectivity. We then present a distributed algorithm based on the partial clustering method. Simulation results are provided to evaluate their effectiveness and energy efficiency.
3779394
Random waypoint considered harmful
This study examines the random waypoint model widely used in the simulation studies of mobile ad hoc networks. Our findings show that this model fails to provide a steady state in that the average nodal speed consistently decreases over time, and therefore should not be directly used for simulation. We show how unreliable results can be obtained by using this model. In particular, certain ad hoc routing metrics can drop by as much as 40% over the course of a 900-second simulation using the random waypoint model. We give both an intuitive and a formal explanation for this phenomenon. We also propose a simple fix of the problem and discuss a few alternatives. Our modified random waypoint model is able to reach a steady state and simulation results are presented.
35466588
Modeling and Analysis of TCP Enhancement over Heterogeneous Links
In this paper we focus on one type of TCP enhancement commonly used to improve performance for connections over heterogeneous physical layer, namely, TCP connection splitting or split TCP, where the end-to-end TCP connection is split in segments so that each segment runs over a homogeneous environment and is optimized separately. This paper presents a simple model capturing some of the features of this scheme where split segments are essentially "coupled" TCP connections. We use simulation to validate our models and use our model to analyze situations where split TCP is preferred to the end-to-end scheme, and where the performance gain of splitting vanishes by investigating factors including initial window size, file size, number of on-going connections and loss.
12646584
An Evaluation of the Use of Problem-Based Learning Software By Middle School Students
Research has shown the potential of a problem-based approach to enhance students' learning. The interactive nature of hypermedia technology and its ability to deliver information in different media formats can provide unique capabilities for implementing problem-based learning (PBL) environments. Yet, we know little about the types of tools that are effective in supporting students' learning in a hypermedia supported PBL environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate both the use of tools and design features in a piece of PBL software and their effectiveness on middle school students' learning. The findings of this study show that students who were exposed to the PBL environment increased their achievement scores from pre to posttest more than those students who learned the same content in the traditional classroom. Students' reading ability was found to be a better predictor for their achievement in PBL than their math ability. However, the brief treatment of the study had only limited impact on students' attitude toward learning science. The findings of the study and their implications are discussed in detail.
18228951
Combinatorial constructions for optimal supersaturated designs
Abstract Combinatorial designs have long had substantial application in the statistical design of experiments, and in the theory of error-correcting codes. Applications in experimental and theoretical computer science, communications, cryptography and networking have also emerged in recent years. In this paper, we focus on a new application of combinatorial design theory in experimental design theory. E ( f NOD ) criterion is used as a measure of non-orthogonality of U-type designs, and a lower bound of E ( f NOD ) which can serve as a benchmark of design optimality is obtained. A U-type design is E ( f NOD )-optimal if its E ( f NOD ) value achieves the lower bound. In most cases, E ( f NOD )-optimal U-type designs are supersaturated. We show that a kind of E ( f NOD )-optimal designs are equivalent to uniformly resolvable designs. Based on this equivalence, several new infinite classes for the existence of E ( f NOD )-optimal designs are then obtained.