119252321
Rigorous approach to gravitational lensing
We revisit a weak gravitational lensing problem by constructing a setup which describes the actual system as accurately as possible and solving the null geodesic equations. Details are given for the case of a universe driven only by a cosmological constant, {lambda}, which confirm the conventional results: The conventional lensing analysis is correct as it is, without any need for correction of O({lambda}). We also treat the cases of the lensing in generic Friedmann-Robertson-Walker backgrounds.
119186814
Sudden variations in the speed of sound during inflation: features in the power spectrum and bispectrum
We employ the formalism of the effective field theory of inflation to study the effects of a sudden change in the speed of sound of the inflationary perturbations. Such an event generates a feature with high frequency oscillations both in the two- and in the three-point functions of the curvature fluctuations. We study, at first order in the magnitude of the change of the speed of sound, the dependence of the power spectrum and of the bispectrum on the duration of the change. In the limit of a very short duration, the oscillations in the power spectrum persist up to very large momenta and the amplitude of the feature in the bispectrum diverges while its location moves to increasing momenta.
54679411
Unified approach to cosmic acceleration
We present a unified framework for the study of late time cosmic acceleration. Using methods of effective field theory, we show that existing proposals for late time acceleration can be subsumed in a single framework, rather than many compartmentalized theories. We construct the most general action consistent with symmetry principles, derive the background and perturbation evolution equations, and demonstrate that for special choices of our parameters we can reproduce results already existing in the literature. Lastly, we lay the foundation for future work placing phenomenological constraints on the parameters of the effective theory. Although in this paper we focus on late time acceleration, our construction also generalizes the effective field theory of inflation to the scalar-tensor and multifield case for perturbatively constructed backgrounds.
119213020
Vacua and instantons of ghost-free massive gravity
Recently discovered models of ghost-free massive gravity and bigravity are characterized by a nontrivial potential that gives rise to a rich vacuum structure. We review maximally symmetric vacua of the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity and of the Hassan-Rosen (HR) bigravity and discuss their perturbative stability. In particular, we discuss perturbations about self-accelerating vacua in HR bigravity and argue that, analogously to what was found in the case of dRGT gravity, some of them contain strongly coupled modes. We then show that it is impossible to construct regular instantons connecting different classically stable vacua of dRGT gravity without violating energy conservation or the null energy condition.
54718250
Massive gravity from higher derivative gravity with boundary conditions
A bstractWith an appropriate choice of parameters, a higher derivative theory of gravity can describe a normal massive sector and a ghost massless sector. We show that, when defined on an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime with Dirichlet boundary conditions, such a higher derivative gravity can provide a framework for a unitary theory of massive gravity in four spacetime dimensions. The resulting theory is free not only of higher derivative ghosts but also of the Boulware-Deser mode.
118531346
Tuning supersymmetric models at the LHC: a comparative analysis at two-loop level.
A bstractWe provide a comparative study of the fine tuning amount (Δ) at the two-loop leading log level in supersymmetric models commonly used in SUSY searches at the LHC. These are the constrained MSSM (CMSSM), non-universal Higgs masses models (NUHM1, NUHM2), non-universal gaugino masses model (NUGM) and GUT related gaugino masses models (NUGMd). Two definitions of the fine tuning are used, the first (Δmax) measures maximal fine-tuning w.r.t. individual parameters while the second (Δq) adds their contribution in “quadrature”. As a direct consequence of two theoretical constraints (the EW minimum conditions), fine tuning (Δq) emerges at the mathematical level as a suppressing factor (effective prior) of the averaged likelihood ($ L $) under the priors, under the integral of the global probability of measuring the data (Bayesian evidence p(D)). For each model, there is little difference between Δq, Δmax in the region allowed by the data, with similar behaviour as functions of the Higgs, gluino, stop mass or SUSY scale ($ {m_{\text{SUSY}}} = {\left( {{m_{{\overline t 1}}}{m_{{\overline t 2}}}} \right)^{{{{1} \left/ {2} \right.}}}} $) or dark matter and g − 2 constraints. The analysis has the advantage that by replacing any of these mass scales or constraints by their latest bounds one easily infers for each model the value of Δq, Δmax or vice versa. For all models, minimal fine tuning is achieved for Mhiggs near 115 GeV with a Δq ≈ Δmax ≈ 10 to 100 depending on the model, and in the CMSSM this is actually a global minimum. Due to a strong (≈ exponential) dependence of Δ on Mhiggs, for a Higgs mass near 125 GeV, the above values of Δq ≈ Δmax increase to between 500 and 1000. Possible corrections to these values are briefly discussed.
15425628
Gravity-mediated (or composite) dark matter
Dark matter could have an electroweak origin, yet it could communicate with the visible sector exclusively through gravitational interactions. In a setup addressing the hierarchy problem, we propose a new dark-matter scenario where gravitational mediators, arising from the compactification of extra dimensions, are responsible for dark-matter interactions and its relic abundance in the Universe. We write an explicit example of this mechanism in warped extra dimensions and work out its constraints. We also develop a dual picture of the model, based on a four-dimensional scenario with partial compositeness. We show that gravity-mediated dark matter is equivalent to a mechanism of generating viable dark matter scenarios in a strongly coupled, near-conformal theory, such as in composite Higgs models.
53447415
Exploring theory space with Monte Carlo reweighting
A bstractTheories of new physics often involve a large number of unknown parameters which need to be scanned. Additionally, a putative signal in a particular channel may be due to a variety of distinct models of new physics. This makes experimental attempts to constrain the parameter space of motivated new physics models with a high degree of generality quite challenging. We describe how the reweighting of events may allow this challenge to be met, as fully simulated Monte Carlo samples generated for arbitrary benchmark models can be effectively re-used. In particular, we suggest procedures that allow more efficient collaboration between theorists and experimentalists in exploring large theory parameter spaces in a rigorous way at the LHC.
92993262
Probing Resonance Decays to Two Visible and Multiple Invisible Particles
We consider the decay of a generic resonance to two visible particles and any number of invisible particles. We show that the shape of the invariant mass distribution of the two visible particles is sensitive to both the mass spectrum of the new particles, as well as the decay topology. We provide the analytical formulas describing the invariant mass shapes for the nine simplest topologies (with up to two invisible particles in the final state). Any such distribution can be simply categorized by its endpoint, peak location and curvature, which are typically sufficient to discriminate among the competing topologies. In each case, we list the effective mass parameters which can be measured by experiment. In certain cases, the invariant mass shape is sufficient to completely determine the new particle mass spectrum, including the overall mass scale.
118380500
Simplified Models for LHC New Physics Searches
This document proposes a collection of simplified models relevant to the design of new-physics searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the characterization of their results. Both ATLAS and CMS have already presented some results in terms of simplified models, and we encourage them to continue and expand this effort, which supplements both signature-based results and benchmark model interpretations. A simplified model is defined by an effective Lagrangian describing the interactions of a small number of new particles. Simplified models can equally well be described by a small number of masses and cross-sections. These parameters are directly related to collider physics observables, making simplified models a particularly effective framework for evaluating searches and a useful starting point for characterizing positive signals of new physics. This document serves as an official summary of the results from the 'Topologies for Early LHC Searches' workshop, held at SLAC in September of 2010, the purpose of which was to develop a set of representative models that can be used to cover all relevant phase space in experimental searches. Particular emphasis is placed on searches relevant for the first similar to 50-500 pb(-1) of data and those motivated by supersymmetric models. This note largely summarizes material posted at http://lhcnewphysics.org/, which includes simplified model definitions, Monte Carlo material, and supporting contacts within the theory community. We also comment on future developments that may be useful as more data is gathered and analyzed by the experiments.