86866691
Spurious divergences in Dyson-Schwinger equations
A bstractWe revisit the treatment of spurious ultraviolet divergences in the equation of motion of the gluon propagator caused by a momentum cutoff and the resulting violation of gauge invariance. With present continuum studies of the gluon propagator from its Dyson-Schwinger equation reaching the level of quantitatively accurate descriptions, it becomes increasingly important to understand how to subtract these spurious divergences in an unambiguous way. Here we propose such a method. It is based entirely on the asymptotic perturbative behavior of the QCD Green’s functions without affecting non-perturbative aspects such as mass terms or the asymptotic infrared behavior. As a particular example, this allows us to assess the possible influence of the tadpole diagram beyond perturbation theory. Finally, we test this method numerically by solving the system of Dyson-Schwinger equations of the gluon and ghost propagators.
118464834
Infrared Behavior of 3-Point Functions in Landau Gauge Yang-Mills Theory
The three-gluon and ghost-gluon vertices of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory are investigated in the low momentum regime. Due to ghost dominance in the infrared we can use the known power law behavior for the propagators to determine analytically the complete momentum dependence of the dressing functions. Besides a uniform, i. e. all momenta going to zero, divergence, we find additional singularities, if one momentum alone goes to zero, while the other two remain constant. At these asymmetric points we can extract additional infrared exponents, which corroborate previous results and expand the known fixed point solution of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory, where the uniform infrared exponents for all vertex functions are known. Calculations in two and three dimensions yield qualitatively similar results.
117986736
On two- and three-point functions of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory
We present results for the gluon and ghost propagators and the ghost-gluon vertex obtained from Dyson-Schwinger equations. In the zero temperature case we elaborate on the role of the three-gluon vertex and discuss a model that can capture its qualitative features like its anomalous dimensions and a zero crossing of the dressing function. Our results compare well with lattice data. At non-zero temperature we calculated the ghost propagator which agrees rather well with lattice results already within our simple truncation. These results are used to obtain the temperature dependence of the ghost-gluon vertex. We also explain why the ghost propagator does not react to the phase transition despite its direct coupling to the chromoelectric gluon.
15541387
Lower dimensional Yang-Mills theory as a laboratory to study the infrared regime
Lattice studies of the infrared regime of gauge theories are complicated by the required extensive limits, the performed gauge fixing and the demand for high statistics. Using a general power counting scheme for the infrared limit of Landau gauge SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in arbitrary dimensions we show that the infrared behavior of Greens functions is both qualitatively and quantitatively similar in two, three and four spacetime dimensions. Therefore, lower dimensional lattice simulations can serve as a simplified laboratory to analyze the presently applied approximations and to obtain first results for higher correlation functions.
119193631
Non-perturbative analysis of the Gribov-Zwanziger action
In the non‐perturbative regime the usual gauge fixing is not sufficient due to the Gribov problem. To deal with it one can restrict the integration in the path integral to the first Gribov region by using the Gribov‐Zwanziger action. In its local form it features additional auxiliary fields which mix with the gluon at the two‐point level. We present an explicit infrared analysis of this action. We show that from the two possible scaling solutions obtained previously only one remains: It coincides exactly with the results from the Faddeev‐Popov action, i.e., the ghost propagator is infrared enhanced and the gluon propagator infrared suppressed and the corresponding power law behavior is described by only one parameter κ = 0.5953…. This corroborates the argument by Zwanziger that for functional equations it suffices to take into account the appropriate boundary conditions and no explicit restriction in the path integral measure is required.
119167811
The infrared behavior of Landau gauge Yang–Mills theory in d=2, 3 and 4 dimensions
Abstract We develop a general power counting scheme for the infrared limit of Landau gauge SU ( N ) Yang–Mills theory in arbitrary dimensions. Employing a skeleton expansion, we find that the infrared behavior is qualitatively independent of the spacetime dimension d . In the cases d = 2 , 3 and 4 even the quantitative results for the infrared exponents of the vertices differ only slightly. Therefore, corresponding lattice simulations provide interesting qualitative information for the physical case. We furthermore find that the loop integrals depend only weakly on the numerical values of the IR exponents.
118624427
Photon and pion scattering on the basis of quark models
Within the framework of constituent quark models of simple and complex hadrons it is possible to investigate the interrelations of scattering observables and dynamical assumptions about the underlying quark structure of the participating hadrons. In the case of simple hadrons, here baryons, the inclusion of the coupling of bound q3-states to meson-baryon decay channels, accounts for the full complexity of the fact that all excited baryonic states are in fact resonances. We present here such a description of the baryonic excitation spectrum within the non-relativistic quarkmodel with all terms of the Fermi-Breit interaction. In this case the very hadronic vertices that are responsible for the dressing of hadrons also provide a semi realistic description of various scattering observables for pion scattering and photo-production of pions. The treatment of more complex hadronic systems within the framework of a quark shell model of nuclei is then used to investigate the role of the quark Pauli principle in intermediate energy excitations of nuclei with pionic or photonic probes.
6090781
Search for axions with the CDMS experiment.
We report on the first axion search results from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) experiment at the Soudan Underground Laboratory. An energy threshold of 2 keV for electron-recoil events allows a search for possible solar axion conversion into photons or local galactic axion conversion into electrons in the germanium crystal detectors. The solar axion search sets an upper limit on the Primakov coupling g(agammagamma) of 2.4x10(-9) GeV-1 at the 95% confidence level for an axion mass less than 0.1 keV/c2. This limit benefits from the first precise measurement of the absolute crystal plane orientations in this type of experiment. The galactic axion search analysis sets a world-leading experimental upper limit on the axioelectric coupling g(aee) of 1.4x10(-12) at the 90% confidence level for an axion mass of 2.5 keV/c2.
7124426
Color and Variability Characteristics of Point Sources in the Faint Sky Variability Survey
We present an analysis of the color and variability characteristics for point sources in the Faint Sky Variability Survey (FSVS). The FSVS cataloged ~23 deg2 in BVI filters from ~16 to 24 mag to investigate variability in faint sources at moderate-to-high Galactic latitudes. Point-source completeness is found to be >83% for a selected representative sample (V = 17.5-22.0 mag, B - V = 0.0-1.5) containing both photometric B, V detections and 80% of the time-sampled V data available compared to a basic internal source completeness of 99%. Multiepoch (10-30) observations in V spanning minutes to years modeled by light-curve simulations reveal amplitude sensitivities to ~0.015-0.075 mag over a representative V = 18-22 mag range. Periodicity determinations appear viable to timescales of order 1 day or less using the most sampled fields (~30 epochs). The fraction of point sources is found to be generally variable at 5%-8% over V = 17.5-22.0 mag. For V brighter than 19 mag, the variable population is dominated by low-amplitude (<0.05 mag) and blue (B - V < 0.35) sources, possibly representing a population of γ Doradus stars. Overall, the dominant population of variable sources are bluer than B - V = 0.65 and have main-sequence colors, likely reflecting larger populations of RR Lyrae, SX Phe, γ Doradus, and W UMa variables.
123537479
Report on Stanford Superconductive Monopole Detectors
Since January, 1983 we have been operating a three loop superconducting detector with a signal to noise ratio of 100 for the direct detection of Dirac magnetic charges.1 Its sensing area averaged over solid angle is nearly 500 cm2 for double coincidence events. To date, the data contain no candidate events and set an upper flux limit of 2 × 10−11 cm−2 s−1 sr−1 at 90% C.L., 70 times lower than that suggested by the single candidate event2 seen on the prototype single loop detector. If supermassive magnetic monopoles exist they are rare and the need for cost-efficient larger area superconductive detectors is evident if we are to push forward a definitive search in the cosmic rays. Superconducting loop detectors can be constructed with 1 to 10 m2 planar areas coupled to a single SQUID while achieving a signal to noise ratio of 10 for the detection of a Dirac magnetic charge. A 100 m2 sensing area array of such detectors, which would reach the Parker flux bound in one year of operation, can be built at a cost comparable to that of typical high energy experiments. It remains quite possible that a monopole particle flux significantly higher than the Parker bound exists within our galaxy. In this paper the most recent results from low noise operation of the three loop detector are presented. Also discussed are our plans to build a larger fixed loop detector with a sensing area of 1.5 m2. It is designed as a prototype for a future yet larger 100 m2 array.
33087331
Results from the 1998-1999 runs of the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
Abstract The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) uses low-temperature Ge and Si detectors to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) via their elastic-scattering interaction with atomic nuclei while discriminating against interactions of background particles. CDMS data from 1998 and 1999 with a relaxed fiducial-volume cut (resulting in 15.8 kg-days exposure on Ge) are consistent with an earlier analysis with a more restrictive fiducial-volume cut. Twenty-three WIMP candidate events are observed, but these events are consistent with a background from neutrons. Resulting limits on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon elastic-scattering cross-section are lower than those of any other experiment for WIMPs with masses between 10–70 GeV c −2 . Under the assumptions of standard WIMP interactions and a standard halo, the results are incompatible with the annual-modulation signal of DAMA at 99.99% CL in the asymptotic limit.