7102299
Finding Interesting Patterns Using User Expectations
One of the major problems in the field of knowledge discovery (or data mining) is the interestingness problem. Past research and applications have found that, in practice, it is all too easy to discover a huge number of patterns in a database. Most of these patterns are actually useless or uninteresting to the user. But due to the huge number of patterns, it is difficult for the user to comprehend them and to identify those interesting to him/her. To prevent the user from being overwhelmed by the large number of patterns, techniques are needed to rank them according to their interestingness. In this paper, we propose such a technique, called the user-expectation method. In this technique, the user is first asked to provide his/her expected patterns according to his/her past knowledge or intuitive feelings. Given these expectations, the system uses a fuzzy matching technique to match the discovered patterns against the user's expectations, and then rank the discovered patterns according to the matching results. A variety of rankings can be performed for different purposes, such as to confirm the user's knowledge and to identify unexpected patterns, which are by definition interesting. The proposed technique is general and interactive.
12241191
Finding Actionable Knowledge via Automated Comparison
The problem of finding interesting and actionable patterns is a major challenge in data mining. It has been studied by many data mining researchers. The issue is that data mining algorithms often generate too many patterns, which make it very hard for the user to find those truly useful ones. Over the years many techniques have been proposed. However, few have made it to real-life applications. At the end of 2005, we built a data mining system for Motorola (called Opportunity Map) to enable the user to explore the space of a large number of rules in order to find actionable knowledge. The approach is based on the concept of rule cubes and operations on rule cubes. A rule cube is similar to a data cube, but stores rules. Since its deployment, some issues have also been identified during the regular use of the system in Motorola. One of the key issues is that although the operations on rule cubes are flexible, each operation is primitive and has to be initiated by the user. Finding a piece of actionable knowledge typically involves many operations and intense visual inspections, which are labor-intensive and time-consuming. From interactions with our users, we identified a generic problem that is crucial for finding actionable knowledge. The problem involves extensive comparison of sub-populations and identification of the cause of their differences. This paper first defines the problem and then proposes an effective method to solve the problem automatically. To the best of our knowledge, there is no reported study of this problem. The new method has been added to the Opportunity Map system and is now in daily use in Motorola.
6193650
Dealing with different distributions in learning from
In the problem of learning with positive and unlabeled examples, existing research all assumes that positive examples P and the hidden positive examples in the unlabeled set U are generated from the same distribution. This assumption may be violated in practice. In such cases, existing methods perform poorly. This paper proposes a novel technique A-EM to deal with the problem. Experimental results with product page classification demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
2182731
Speed-up iterative frequent itemset mining with constraint changes
Mining of frequent itemsets is a fundamental data mining task. Past research has proposed many efficient algorithms for this purpose. Recent work also highlighted the importance of using constraints to focus the mining process to mine only those relevant itemsets. In practice, data mining is often an interactive and iterative process. The user typically changes constraints and runs the mining algorithm many times before being satisfied with the final results. This interactive process is very time consuming. Existing mining algorithms are unable to take advantage of this iterative process to use previous mining results to speed up the current mining process. This results in an enormous waste of time and computation. In this paper, we propose an efficient technique to utilize previous mining results to improve the efficiency of current mining when constraints are changed. We first introduce the concept of tree boundary to summarize useful information available from previous mining. We then show that the tree boundary provides an effective and efficient framework for the new mining. The proposed technique has been implemented in the context of two existing frequent itemset mining algorithms, FP-tree and tree projection. Experiment results on both synthetic and real-life datasets show that the proposed approach achieves a dramatic saving of computation.
8786674
Entity discovery and assignment for opinion mining applications
Opinion mining became an important topic of study in recent years due to its wide range of applications. There are also many companies offering opinion mining services. One problem that has not been studied so far is the assignment of entities that have been talked about in each sentence. Let us use forum discussions about products as an example to make the problem concrete. In a typical discussion post, the author may give opinions on multiple products and also compare them. The issue is how to detect what products have been talked about in each sentence. If the sentence contains the product names, they need to be identified. We call this problem entity discovery. If the product names are not explicitly mentioned in the sentence but are implied due to the use of pronouns and language conventions, we need to infer the products. We call this problem entity assignment. These problems are important because without knowing what products each sentence talks about the opinion mined from the sentence is of little use. In this paper, we study these problems and propose two effective methods to solve the problems. Entity discovery is based on pattern discovery and entity assignment is based on mining of comparative sentences. Experimental results using a large number of forum posts demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique. Our system has also been successfully tested in a commercial setting.
61155076
Opinion Mining
Описанл процедуру формування інтегрального показника об’єкта згідно з відгуками користувачів під час застосування методів оцінювання опінії текстової інформації у web-документах. Запропоновано використання лінгвістичних змінних та застосування вагових коефіцієнтів для достовірнішого результату оцінювання емоційного забарвлення текстової інформації. Ключові слова: опінія, емоційне забарвлення, об’єкт, інтегральний показник, лінгвістична змінна, ваговий коефіцієнт.
17309491
Multi-resolution Meshes Deformation Based on Pyramid Coordinates
In this paper, we present a technique for multi-resolution meshes deformation based on pyramid coordinates. Pyramid coordinates are rotation invariant, and can achieve low distortion editing for large deformations. Their drawback is that the reconstruction process is nonlinear and time consuming especially for large meshes. In order to decrease the computational cost, the proposed method reduces the number of vertices involved in the deformation. We first construct a simplified mesh using a modified CPM algorithm; then edit the simplified meshes by pyramid coordinates based mesh detail presentation; finally, series of details are added to the deformed simplified mesh. Our algorithm can generate natural looking deformations more efficiently than the original pyramid coordinates method.
5571905
Classification rule discovery with ant colony optimization
Ant-based algorithms or ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms have been applied successfully to combinatorial optimization problems. More recently, Parpinelli and colleagues applied ACO to data mining classification problems, where they introduced a classification algorithm called Ant/spl I.bar/Miner. In this paper, we present an improvement to Ant/spl I.bar/Miner (we call it Ant/spl I.bar/Miner3). The proposed version was tested on two standard problems and performed better than the original Ant/spl I.bar/Miner algorithm.
62179683
A service-oriented business performance evaluation model and the performance-aware service selection method
In service-oriented architecture, services and business processes are closely related and therefore the research on service-oriented business process (SOBP) attracts the attention of academia as well as industry. Because of the loosely coupled, autonomic and dynamic nature of services, the operation and the performance evaluation of business process meet some challenges, such as the definition of the key performance indicators (KPIs) and the alignment of business performance and IT performance. In this paper, we address these challenges. First, the definition and the characteristics of an SOBP are presented with a motivating scenario. Then a service-oriented business performance evaluation model is described, which integrates the performance of strategy layer, business process layer, business activity layer, service composition layer and IT infrastructure layer. The KPIs corresponding to each layer are also defined with their formal representations. The qualitative and quantitative performance analysis methods, based on the proposed model, are presented, respectively. Finally, the improved analytic hierarchy process is explicated to calculate the correlation between different KPIs and select the most suitable service. An online-shopping example is taken to prove the soundness and the feasibility of the method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
14675051
REGULARIZED SENSE RECONSTRUCTION USING ITERATIVELY REFINED TOTAL VARIATION METHOD
SENSE has been widely accepted as one of the standard reconstruction algorithms for parallel MRI. When large acceleration factors are employed, the SENSE reconstruction becomes very ill-conditioned. For Cartesian SENSE, Tikhonov regularization has been commonly used. However, the Tikhonov regularized image usually tends to be overly smooth, and a high-quality regularization image is desirable to alleviate this problem but is not available. In this paper, we propose a new SENSE regularization technique that is based on total variation with iterated refinement using Bregman iteration. It penalizes highly oscillatory noise but allows sharp edges in reconstruction without the need for prior information. In addition, the Bregman iteration refines the image details iteratively. The method is shown to be able to significantly reduce the artifacts in SENSE reconstruction
11065479
Selector: A Language Construct for Developing Dynamic Applications
Fitting algorithms to meet input data characteristics and/or a changing computing environment is a tedious and error prone task. Programmers need to deal with code instrumentation details and implement the selection of which algorithm best suits a given data set. In this paper we describe a set of simple programming constructs for C that allows programmers to specify and generate applications that can select at run-time the best of several possible implementations based on measured run-time performance and/or algorithmic input values. We describe the application of this approach to a realistic linear solver for an engineering crash analysis code. The preliminary experimental results reveal that this approach provides an effective mechanism for creating sophisticated dynamic application behavior with minimal effort.