12748479
Evidence for time and directional enhancements of multimuon cosmic-ray events.
We have observed 1.05 x 10/sup 6/ single-muon and 6869 multimuon events deep underground with the Soudan 1 nucleon-decay detector. The single-muon flux is consistent with isotropy and with results of previous experiments. We have found indications of bursts of multimuon events, particularly from a direction near Cygnus X-3. These bursts arrive from an extended angular region of 30/sup 0/ x 30/sup 0/. The size of the angular region and the lack of a corresponding effect in the single-muon events are difficult to understand. In addition, there is weaker evidence for an excess in the time-integrated multimuon flux near the north galactic pole. We have evaluated the possibility that these effects are caused by random or systematic errors.
45078944
Measurements of production polarization and decay asymmetry for Xi - hyperons.
45066347
HARD QUARK-QUARK SCATTERING WITH EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS*
We have begun a program designed to study hard quark-quark scattering with exclusive reactions, focusing on quasi-elastic two-body reactions with all possible quark flavor exchanges. Examples are ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup -/p, rho/sup -/p, ..pi../sup +/..delta../sup -/, K/sup +/..sigma../sup -/, or K..lambda... Of the two-body exclusives, only elastic scattering had been measured at such large t previous to our experiment. By comparing the relative importance of different final states, the energy dependence of the production ratios of these states, the prominence of resonances such as rho/sup -/ over background in this region, and measuring polarizations where accessible, we have collected a large body of data on hard scattering in a completely new domain. Previously, essential all short distance QCD tests have been for inclusive processes. We have taken data with both negative and positive incident beam at 10 GeV/c on a hydrogen target and will present the first results, for ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup -/p and rho/sup -/p at THETA/sub cm/ = 90/sup 0/, -t = 9 GeV/sup 2//c/sup 2/. The apparatus consists of a magnetic spectrometer, with Cerenkov particle identification, which selects stable charged particles (protons in this case) at high momentum near 90/sup 0/ in the center-of-mass. Amore » large aperture array of PWCs observes the recoil particle or charged decay products. Cross sections are extremely low, approximately a 1 nb/(GeV/c)/sup 2/ for elastic scattering. We will report on a sample of more than 1000 ..pi../sup -/p elastic events, and on rho/sup -/p, where the rho/sup -/ decay distribution was observed. We find a surprisingly large rho/sup -/p cross section in this large momentum transfer region, with rho/sup -/p about half the elastic cross section, and a striking spin alignment of the rho/sup -/.« less
120389291
Study of quark flow in exclusive reactions at 90 degrees in the center of mass (AGS E838)
We report a study of quark flow in 20 exclusive reactions measured at Brookhaven National Laboratory’s AGS with a beam momentum of 5.9 GeV/c at 90° in the center of mass. This experiment confirms the strong quark flow reaction mechanism dependence of two‐body hadron scattering at large angles seen at 9.9 GeV/c. Large differences in cross sections for different reactions are consistent with the dominance of quark interchange in these 90° reactions, and indicate that pure gluon exchange and quark/antiquark annihilation diagrams are less important.
125996066
A MULTIKILOTON DETECTOR TO CONDUCT A SENSITIVE SEARCH FOR NUCLEON DECAY
120960559
New limit on magnetic monopole flux
The underground Soudan-1 nucleon decay experiment can measure the velocities of slowly moving particles if they can be detected by ionization at a level 0.5 times that of a relativistic muon. Magnetic monopoles predicted by grand unified theories should satisfy this condition if their velocities are greater than 10/sup -3/c. During a live time of 0.41 yr, no candidate has been observed, implying a 90%- confidence-level limit on the flux of such objects of <4.1 x 10/sup -13/ cm/sup -2/ sr/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ for velocities between 10/sup -3/c and 10/sup -2/c.
37516641
Simple hadronic matrix elements with Wilson valence quarks and dynamical staggered fermions at 6/g2=5.6.
We have measured some simple matrix elements for pseudoscalar and vector mesons made of Wilson valance quarks and staggered sea quarks at [beta]=5.6 at sea quark masses [ital am][sub [ital q]]=0.01 and 0.025. Our measurements include the decay constants of pseudoscalars (including [ital f][sub [ital D]]), the wave function at the origin (or decay constant) of vector mesons, and the calculation of quark masses from current algebra. The effects of sea quarks on the simulations are small. We make comparisons to quenched simulations at similar values of the lattice spacing (1/[ital a][congruent]2 GeV).
29084520
Comparison of lattice Coulomb-gauge wave functions in the quenched approximation and with dynamical fermions.
We present a comparison of Coulomb-gauge wave functions from 6/[ital g][sup 2]=6.0 quenched simulations with two simulations which include the effects of dynamical fermions: simulations with two flavors of dynamical staggered quarks and valence Wilson quarks at 6/[ital g][sup 2]=5.6 and simulations with two flavors of dynamical Wilson quarks and Wilson valence quarks at 6/[ital g][sup 2]=5.3. The spectroscopy of these systems is essentially identical. Parametrizations of the wave functions are presented which can be used as interpolating fields for spectroscopy calculations. The sizes of particles are calculated using these parametrized wave functions. The resulting sizes are small, approximately half the sizes of the physical states. The charge radius of the neutron, which provides an indication of the asymmetries between the wave functions of up and down quarks, is calculated. Although the size of the nucleon in these simulations is small, the ratio of the charge radius of the neutron to that of the proton is consistent with the physical value. We find no significant differences between the quenched and dynamical simulations.
44737686
Hadron spectrum and matrix elements in QCD with dynamical Wilson fermions at 6/g2=5.3.
We present results of a lattice simulation of quantum chromodynamics with two degenerate flavors of dynamic Wilson fermions at $\frac{6}{{g}^{2}}=5.3$ at each of two dynamical fermion hopping parameters $\ensuremath{\kappa}=0.1670 \mathrm{and} 0.1675$ corresponding to pion masses in lattice units of about 0.45 and 0.31. The simulations include three other values of valence quark mass, in addition to the dynamical quarks. We present calculations of masses and of the decay constants of vector mesons and of pseudoscalars, including the $D$-meson decay constant. The effects of sea quarks on matrix elements and spectroscopy are small.
44999335
Glueballs and topology in lattice QCD with two light flavors.
We obtain estimates of the lightest glueball masses, the string tension, and the topological susceptibility in an exploratory study of QCD with two light flavors of quarks. Our calculations are performed at {beta}=5.6 with staggered quark masses {ital m}{sub {ital q}}=0.010 and 0.025 and on lattices ranging from 12{sup 4} to 16{sup 4}. Our estimates suggest that, just as in the pure gauge theory, the 0{sup ++} is the lightest glueball with the 2{sup ++} about 50% heavier. Our {ital m}{sub {ital q}}=0.01 results predict a 0{sup ++} glueball mass of about 1.6 times the {rho} mass and the square root of the string tension of about 0.48 times the {rho} mass, which is surprisingly close to the usual phenomenologically motivated estimates of around 0.55. Our value of the topological susceptibility at {ital m}{sub {ital q}}=0.01 is consistent with the prediction, to {ital O}({ital m}{sub {ital q}}) of the standard anomalous Ward identity. However, the variation of this susceptibility between {ital m}{sub {ital q}}=0.01 and {ital m}{sub {ital q}}=0.025 is weaker than the linear dependence one expects at small {ital m}{sub {ital q}} in the broken-chiral-symmetry phase of QCD.
39491989
Observation of the Meissner effect in a lattice Higgs model.
The lattice-regularized U(1) Higgs model in an external electromagnetic field is studied by Monte Carlo techniques. In the Coulomb phase magnetic flux can flow through uniformly. The Higgs phase splits into a region where magnetic flux can penetrate only in the form of vortices and a region where the magnetic flux is completely expelled, the relativistic analog of the Meissner effect in superconductivity. We present evidence for symmetry restoration in strong external fields.