119080950
Cosmological Results from High-z Supernovae* **
The High-z Supernova Search Team has discovered and observed eight new supernovae in the redshift interval z = 0.3-1.2. These independent observations, analyzed by similar but distinct methods, confirm the results of Riess and Perlmutter and coworkers that supernova luminosity distances imply an accelerating universe. More importantly, they extend the redshift range of consistently observed Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to z ≈ 1, where the signature of cosmological effects has the opposite sign of some plausible systematic effects. Consequently, these measurements not only provide another quantitative confirmation of the importance of dark energy, but also constitute a powerful qualitative test for the cosmological origin of cosmic acceleration. We find a rate for SN Ia of (1.4 ± 0.5) × 10-4 h3 Mpc-3 yr-1 at a mean redshift of 0.5. We present distances and host extinctions for 230 SN Ia. These place the following constraints on cosmological quantities: if the equation of state parameter of the dark energy is w = -1, then H0t0 = 0.96 ± 0.04, and ΩΛ - 1.4ΩM = 0.35 ± 0.14. Including the constraint of a flat universe, we find ΩM = 0.28 ± 0.05, independent of any large-scale structure measurements. Adopting a prior based on the Two Degree Field (2dF) Redshift Survey constraint on ΩM and assuming a flat universe, we find that the equation of state parameter of the dark energy lies in the range -1.48 -1, we obtain w < -0.73 at 95% confidence. These constraints are similar in precision and in value to recent results reported using the WMAP satellite, also in combination with the 2dF Redshift Survey.
113407190
A THEORETICAL COLOR-VELOCITY CORRELATION FOR SUPERNOVAE ASSOCIATED WITH GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
We carry out the first multi-dimensional radiative transfer calculations to simultaneously compute synthetic spectra and light curves for models of supernovae driven by fast bipolar outflows. These allow us to make self-consistent predictions for the orientation dependence of both color evolution and spectral features. We compare models with different degrees of asphericity and metallicity and find significant observable consequences of both. In aspherical models, we find spectral and light curve features that vary systematically with observer orientation. In particular, we find that the early-phase light curves are brighter and bluer when viewed close to the polar axis but that the peak flux is highest for equatorial (off-axis) inclinations. Spectral line features also depend systematically on observer orientation, including the velocity of the Si II 6355 A line. Consequently, our models predict a correlation between line velocity and color that could assist the identification of supernovae associated with off-axis jet-driven explosions. The amplitude and range of this correlation depends on the degree of asphericity, the metallicity, and the epoch of observation but we find that it is always present and acts in the same direction.
5990408
The Science Case for PILOT I: Summary and Overview
PILOT (the Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope) is a proposed 2.5-m optical/infrared telescope to be located at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau. Conditions at Dome C are known to be exceptional for astronomy. The seeing (above ∼30 m height), coherence time, and isoplanatic angle are all twice as good as at typical mid-latitude sites, while the water-vapour column, and the atmosphere and telescope thermal emission are all an order of magnitude better. These conditions enable a unique scientific capability for PILOT, which is addressed in this series of papers. The current paper presents an overview of the optical and instrumentation suite for PILOT and its expected performance, a summary of the key science goals and observational approach for the facility, a discussion of the synergies between the science goals for PILOT and other telescopes, and a discussion of the future of Antarctic astronomy. Paper II and Paper III present details of the science projects divided, respectively, between the distant Universe (i.e. studies of first light, and the assembly and evolution of structure) and the nearby Universe (i.e. studies of Local Group galaxies, the Milky Way, and the Solar System).
3943345
First Searches for Optical Counterparts to Gravitational-wave Candidate Events
During the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory and Virgo joint science runs in 2009-2010, gravitational wave (GW) data from three interferometer detectors were analyzed within minutes to select GW candidate events and infer their apparent sky positions. Target coordinates were transmitted to several telescopes for follow-up observations aimed at the detection of an associated optical transient. Images were obtained for eight such GW candidates. We present the methods used to analyze the image data as well as the transient search results. No optical transient was identified with a convincing association with any of these candidates, and none of the GW triggers showed strong evidence for being astrophysical in nature. We compare the sensitivities of these observations to several model light curves from possible sources of interest, and discuss prospects for future joint GW-optical observations of this type.
118556930
HATS-1b: The First Transiting Planet Discovered by the HATSouth Survey
We report the discovery of HATS-1b, a transiting extrasolar planet orbiting the moderately bright V = 12.05 G dwarf star GSC 6652-00186, and the first planet discovered by HATSouth, a global network of autonomous wide-field telescopes. HATS-1b has a period of P 3.4465 days, mass of Mp 1.86 M J, and radius of Rp 1.30 R J. The host star has a mass of 0.99 M ☉ and radius of 1.04 R ☉. The discovery light curve of HATS-1b has near-continuous coverage over several multi-day timespans, demonstrating the power of using a global network of telescopes to discover transiting planets.
13255925
The Mount Stromlo A bell Cluster Supernova Search
We have initiated a 3 year project to find supernovae in a well-defined sample of high-density southern Abell clusters with redshifts z ≤ 0.08. These observations will provide a volume-limited sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) to more than a magnitude below their peak brightness and will enable us to (1) measure the luminosity function of SNe, (2) further explore the correlation of light-curve shape with the absolute luminosity of SNe Ia to better understand SNe Ia as distance indicators, (3) measure SN rates, (4) measure the bulk motion of the Local Group using SNe Ia, and (5) directly compare SN Ia distances with brightest cluster galaxy distances. We use the MACHO wide-field two-color imager on the 1.3 m telescope at Mount Stromlo to routinely monitor ~12 clusters per week. We describe our technique for target selection and scheduling search observations, and for finding and identifying SN candidates. We also describe the results from the first year of our program, including the detection of 19 SNe, several RR Lyrae variables, and hundreds of asteroids.
1147559
Evidence for the decay $B^0\to J/\psi \omega$ and measurement of the relative branching fractions of $B^0_s$ meson decays to $J/\psi\eta$ and $J/\psi\eta^{'}$
First evidence of the $B^0\to J/\psi\omega$ decay is found and the $B_{s}^0\to J/\psi\eta$ and $B_{s}^0\to J/\psi\eta^{\prime}$ decays are studied using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV. The branching fractions of these decays are measured relative to that of the $\mathrm{B}^0\to J/\psi\rho^0$ decay: $$\frac{Br(B^0\to J/\psi\omega)}{Br(B^0\to J/\psi\rho^0)} = 0.89 \pm0.19(stat)^{+0.07}_{-0.13}(syst)$$ $$\frac{Br(B^0_s\to J/\psi\eta)}{Br(B^0\to J/\psi\rho^0)} = 14.0 \pm 1.2(stat)^{+1.1}_{-1.5}(syst)^{+1.1}_{-1.0}(\frac{f_d}{f_s}),$$ $$\frac{Br(B^0_s\to J/\psi\eta^{\prime})}{Br(B^0\to J/\psi\rho^0)} = 12.7\pm1.1(stat)^{+0.5}_{-1.3}(syst)^{+1.0}_{-0.9}(\frac{f_d}{f_s}),$$ where the last uncertainty is due to the knowledge of $f_d/f_s$, the ratio of b-quark hadronization factors that accounts for the different production rate of $B^0$ and $B^0_s$ mesons. The ratio of the branching fractions of $B^0_s\to J/\psi\eta^{\prime}$ and $B^0_s\to J/\psi\eta$ decays is measured to be $$ \frac{Br(B^0_s\to J/\psi\eta^{\prime})}{Br(B^0_s\to J/\psi\eta)} = 0.90\pm0.09(stat)^{+0.06}_{-0.02}(syst).$$
52025012
A multi-channel THz and infrared spectrometer for femtosecond electron bunch diagnostics by single-shot spectroscopy of coherent radiation
Abstract The required high peak current in free-electron lasers (FELs) is realized by longitudinal compression of the electron bunches to sub-picosecond length. In this paper, a frequency-domain diagnostic method is described that is capable of resolving structures in the femtosecond regime. A novel in-vacuum spectrometer has been developed for spectroscopy of coherent radiation in the THz and infrared range. The spectrometer is equipped with five consecutive dispersion gratings and 120 parallel readout channels; it can be operated either in short (5– 44 μ m ) or in long wavelength mode (45– 430 μ m ). Fast parallel readout permits the spectroscopy of coherent radiation from single electron bunches. Test measurements at the soft X-ray free-electron laser FLASH, using coherent transition radiation, demonstrate excellent performance of the spectrometer. The device is planned for use as an online bunch profile monitor during regular FEL operation.
6288625
Combined limits on WIMPs from the CDMS and EDELWEISS experiments
The CDMS and EDELWEISS collaborations have combined the results of their direct searches for dark matter using cryogenic germanium detectors. The total data set represents 614  kg·days equivalent exposure. A straightforward method of combination was chosen for its simplicity before data were exchanged between experiments. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on spin-independent weakly interacting, massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon cross section. For a WIMP mass of 90  GeV/c^2, where this analysis is most sensitive, a cross section of 3.3×10^(-44)  cm^2 is excluded at 90% C.L. At higher WIMP masses, the combination improves the individual limits, by a factor 1.6 above 700  GeV/c^2. Alternative methods of combining the data provide stronger constraints for some ranges of WIMP masses and weaker constraints for others.
109926172
Precision luminosity measurements at LHCb
Measuring cross-sections at the LHC requires the luminosity to be determined accurately at each centre-of-mass energy root s. In this paper results are reported from the luminosity calibrations carried out at the LHC interaction point 8 with the LHCb detector for root s = 2.76, 7 and 8TeV (proton-proton collisions) and for root s(NN) = 5TeV (proton-lead collisions). Both the "van der Meer scan" and "beam-gas imaging" luminosity calibration methods were employed. It is observed that the beam density profile cannot always be described by a function that is factorizable in the two transverse coordinates. The introduction of a two-dimensional description of the beams improves significantly the consistency of the results. For proton-proton interactions at root s = 8TeV a relative precision of the luminosity calibration of 1.47% is obtained using van der Meer scans and 1.43% using beam-gas imaging, resulting in a combined precision of 1.12%. Applying the calibration to the full data set determines the luminosity with a precision of 1.16%. This represents the most precise luminosity measurement achieved so far at a bunched-beam hadron collider.
119182463
Measurement of B meson production cross-sections in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV
A bstractThe production cross-sections of B mesons are measured in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, using data collected with the LHCb detector corresponding to a integrated luminosity of 0.36 fb−1. The B+, B0 and $ B_s^0 $ mesons are reconstructed in the exclusive decays B+ → J/ψK+, B0 → J/ψK*0 and $ B_s^0\to {J \left/ {{\psi \phi }} \right.} $, with J/ψ → μ+μ−, K*0 → K+π− and ϕ → K+K−. The differential cross-sections are measured as functions of B meson transverse momentum pT and rapidity y, in the range 0 < pT< 40 GeV/c and 2.0 < y < 4.5. The integrated cross-sections in the same pT and y ranges, including charge-conjugate states, are measured to be
$ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {\sigma \left( {pp\to {B^{+}}+X} \right)=38.9\pm 0.3\left( {\mathrm{stat}.} \right)\pm 2.5\left( {\mathrm{syst}.} \right)\pm 1.3\left( {\mathrm{norm}.} \right)\upmu \mathrm{b},} \hfill \\ {\sigma \left( {pp\to {B^0}+X} \right)=38.1\pm 0.6\left( {\mathrm{stat}.} \right)\pm 3.7\left( {\mathrm{syst}.} \right)\pm 4.7\left( {\mathrm{norm}.} \right)\upmu \mathrm{b},} \hfill \\ {\sigma \left( {pp\to B_s^0+X} \right)=10.5\pm 0.2\left( {\mathrm{stat}.} \right)\pm 0.8\left( {\mathrm{syst}.} \right)\pm 1.0\left( {\mathrm{norm}.} \right)\upmu \mathrm{b},} \hfill \\ \end{array} $where the third uncertainty arises from the pre-existing branching fraction measurements.
