120221743
Asymmetric Hopf bifurcation for proton beams with electron cooling
We observed maintained longitudinal limiting cycle oscillations, which grew rapidly once a critical threshold in the relative velocity between the proton beam and the cooling electrons was exceeded. The threshold for the bifurcation of a fixed point into a limit cycle, also known as a Hopf bifurcation, was found to be asymmetric with respect to the relative velocity. This asymmetry of Hopf bifurcation was found to be related to the electron beam alignment with respect to the stored proton beam.
5742840
Crystallization in the Thin and Ultrathin Films of Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene
The crystallization of poly(ethylene−vinyl acetate) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films spun-cast from the polymer/toluene solutions with as-cast thickness from 460 to 10 nm was studied. The lamellar thickness was measured using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and found to increase from 14 to 21 nm for films thinner than 100 nm. The morphology of LLDPE measured by scanning probe microscopy (SPM) showed an edge-on lamellae for the films thicker than 30 nm and flat-on lamellae for the films thinner than 15 nm. A pseudo-“shish-kebab” tiny crystal structure was observed in between the larger lamellae. Crystallinity was confirmed using attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The shear modulation force microscopy technique (SMFM) was used to measure the melting point, Tm, which was found to decrease for films thinner than 100 nm. The rate of decrease was a function of the annealing pr...
22794424
Dipole and spin-dipole resonances in charge-exchange reactions on 12C.
The [sup 12]C([ital n],[ital p])[sup 12]B reaction was studied using the white neutron source at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility/Weapon Neutron Research Center with a continuous incident neutron energy from 60 to 260 MeV. Double differential cross sections were measured in the angular range 11[degree][le][theta][sub lab][le]37[degree]. Using the neutron time-of-flight facility at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility, we also studied the [sup 12]C([ital p],[ital n])[sup 12]N reaction at [ital E][sub [ital p]]=186 MeV and the [sup 12]C([ital [rvec p]],[ital [rvec n]])[sup 12]N reaction at [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=160 and 186 MeV. Double differential cross sections were measured between [theta][sub lab]=0[degree] and [theta][sub lab]=50[degree] in 5[degree] steps. Spin observables [ital D][sub [ital N][ital N]], [ital A][sub [ital Y]], and [ital P] were measured at [theta][sub lab]=5[degree],9[degree],13[degree] with [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=160 MeV and [theta][sub lab]=15[degree],20[degree] with [ital E][sub [ital [rvec p]]]=186 MeV. Angular distributions of differential cross section and spin observables for low-lying transitions in the residual nuclei are compared with disorted-wave impulse approximation (DWIA) calculations. A multipole decomposition analysis was performed to study the giant dipole and giant spin-dipole resonances. The contributions of the quasifree reaction in the giant resonance region was subtracted. The empirical results ofmore » energy distributions for dipole ([Delta][ital L]=1) transition are compared with DWIA calculations using nuclear structure information obtained with a conventional shell model and also with a random phase approximation.« less
10177650
Clarification of the three-body decay of 12C (12.71 MeV).
Using beta decays of a clean source of 12N produced at the IGISOL facility, we have measured the breakup of the 12C (12.71 MeV) state into three alpha particles with a segmented particle detector setup. The high quality of the data permits solving the question of the breakup mechanism of the 12.71 MeV state, a longstanding problem in few-body nuclear physics. Among existing models, a modified sequential model fits the data best, but systematic deviations indicate that a three-body description is needed.
120316681
Experimental results of the betatron sum resonance
The experimental observations of motion near the betatron sum resonance, /spl nusub x/+2/spl nusub z/=13, are presented. A fast quadrupole (Panofsky-style ferrite picture-frame magnet with 8 pulsed power supplies) producing a betatron tune shift of the order of 0.03 at rise time of 1 /spl mu/s was used. This quadrupole was used to produce betatron tunes which jumped past and then crossed back through a betatron sum resonance line. The beam response as function of initial betatron amplitudes were recorded turn by turn. The correlated growth of the action variables, J/sub x/ and J/sub z/, was observed. The phase space plots in the resonance frame reveal the features of particle motion near the nonlinear sum resonance region.<<ETX>>
1289258
Energetic electrons associated with magnetic reconnection in the magnetic cloud boundary layer.
Here is reported in situ observation of energetic electrons (∼100-500 keV) associated with magnetic reconnection in the solar wind by the ACE and Wind spacecraft. The properties of this magnetic cloud driving reconnection and the associated energetic electron acceleration problem are discussed. Further analyses indicate that the electric field acceleration and Fermi-type mechanism are two fundamental elements in the electron acceleration processes and the trapping effect of the specific magnetic field configuration maintains the acceleration status that increases the totally gained energy.
5001215
Measurement of neutrino oscillation with KamLAND: evidence of spectral distortion.
We present results of a study of neutrino oscillation based on a 766 ton/year exposure of KamLAND to reactor antineutrinos. We observe 258 nu (e) candidate events with energies above 3.4 MeV compared to 365.2+/-23.7 events expected in the absence of neutrino oscillation. Accounting for 17.8+/-7.3 expected background events, the statistical significance for reactor nu (e) disappearance is 99.998%. The observed energy spectrum disagrees with the expected spectral shape in the absence of neutrino oscillation at 99.6% significance and prefers the distortion expected from nu (e) oscillation effects. A two-neutrino oscillation analysis of the KamLAND data gives Deltam(2)=7.9(+0.6)(-0.5)x10(-5) eV(2). A global analysis of data from KamLAND and solar-neutrino experiments yields Deltam(2)=7.9(+0.6)(-0.5)x10(-5) eV(2) and tan((2)theta=0.40(+0.10)(-0.07), the most precise determination to date.
125539232
The beam energy measurement system for the Beijing electron-positron collider
The beam energy measurement system (BEMS) for the upgraded Beijing electron-positron collider BEPC-II is described. The system is based on measuring the energies of Compton back-scattered photons. The relative systematic uncertainty of the electron and positron beam energy determination is estimated as 2 ⋅ 10 − 5 .
121916723
OPERATOR FORMS OF THE CLASSICAL YANG–BAXTER EQUATION IN LIE SUPERALGEBRAS
In this paper, we study the operator forms of the classical Yang–Baxter equation (CYBE) in Lie superalgebras. We introduce the notion of super -operators and give their relationship with the (standard) tensor form. There are close relationships between the CYBE in Lie superalgebras and left-symmetric superalgebras which can be interpreted through the super -operators. In particular, there are natural and explicit solutions of the CYBE in Lie superalgebras constructed from left-symmetric superalgebras.
123563891
Interactions of fast ions with carbon nanotubes: Two-fluid model
We propose a simple, parameter-free two-fluid model for the collective electron response of a single-walled carbon nanotube, which treats the s and p electrons as separate two-dimensional fluids constrained to the same cylindrical surface. The electrostatic interaction between the fluids gives rise to splitting of the plasmon frequencies into two groups closely following the experimentally determined longitudinal dispersions of the s +p and p plasmons. The model is used to calculate the induced electron density on the nanotube, as well as the stopping power for a charged particle moving parallel to the axis of the nanotube. It is found that these quantities exhibit novel features when the particle speed matches the phase velocity of the quasiacoustic p plasmon.
118513923
Internal properties and environments of dark matter haloes
We use seven high-resolution N-body simulations to study the correlations among different halo properties (assembly time, spin, shape and substructure), and how these halo properties are correlated with the large-scale environment in which haloes reside. The large-scale tidal field estimated from haloes above a mass threshold is used as our primary quantity to characterize the large-scale environment, while other parameters, such as the local overdensity and the morphology of large-scale structure, are used for comparison. For haloes at a fixed mass, all the halo properties depend significantly on environment, particularly the tidal field. The environmental dependence of halo assembly time is primarily driven by local tidal field. The mass of the unbound fraction in substructure is boosted in strong tidal force region, while the bound fraction is suppressed. Haloes have a tendency to spin faster in a stronger tidal field and the trend is stronger for more massive haloes. The spin vectors show significant alignment with the intermediate axis of the tidal field, as expected from the tidal torque theory. Both the major and minor axes of haloes are strongly aligned with the corresponding principal axes of the tidal field. In general, a halo that can accrete more material after the formation of its main halo on average is younger, more elongated, spins faster and contains a larger amount of substructure. Higher-density environments not only provide more material for haloes to accrete, but also are places of stronger tidal fields that tend to suppress halo accretion. The environmental dependencies are the results of these two competing effects. The tidal field based on haloes can be estimated from observation, and we discuss the implications of our results for the environmental dependence of galaxy properties.