120314532
Progress report from the UK Dark Matter search at Boulby Mine
Abstract The UK Dark Matter Collaboration is currently running a series of scintillation devices at the Boulby mine in North Yorkshire to search for the neutralino, the hypothetical WIMP solution to the dark matter problem. Results of the current NaI(T1) detector array will be discussed, illustrating a population of events of unknown origin. Diagnostic tests performed to investigate the origin of these anomalous events will be outlined, including alpha, beta and neutron calibrations.
121667127
The potential of liquid xenon for WIMP search: the ZEPLIN diagnostic array
Abstract A Liquid Xenon based WIMP detector diagnostic array is currently developed by the UKDMC with the help of international collaborators. After a brief reminder on the detection principle in Liquid Xenon, the individual detectors will be described. ZEPLIN I, a detector with a 4 kg fiducial mass with a background discrimination based on Pulse Shape Analysis, is already underground and starting operation. Two setups with improved background discrimination tools (as the ionisation is also recorded) are designed and scheduled to move underground in the second half of 2001. Both of them, ZEPLIN II and ZEPLIN III, are predicted to be sensitive to rate of 0.1–0.01 events/kg/day within 2 years of data taking. Furthermore, new ideas for lower background readout devices are studied, in order to avoid the use of PhotoMultiplier Tubes (PMTs).
116967238
The LVD supernova detector
14019038
Simulation of neutrons produced by high-energy muons underground
Abstract This article describes the Monte Carlo simulation used to interpret the measurement of the muon-induced neutron flux in the Boulby Underground Laboratory (North Yorkshire, UK), recently performed using a large scintillator veto deployed around the ZEPLIN-II WIMP detector. Version 8.2 of the GEANT4 toolkit was used after relevant benchmarking and validation of neutron production models. In the direct comparison between Monte Carlo and experimental data, we find that the simulation produces a 1.8 times higher neutron rate, which we interpret as over-production in lead by GEANT4. The dominance of this material in neutron production allows us to estimate the absolute neutron yield in lead as (1.31 ± 0.06)×10 −3  neutrons/muon/(g/cm 2 ) for a mean muon energy of 260 GeV. Simulated nuclear recoils due to muon-induced neutrons in the ZEPLIN-II target volume (∼1-year exposure) showed that, although a small rate of events is expected from this source of background in the energy range of interest for dark matter searches, no event survives an anti-coincidence cut with the veto.
55452248
Development of a gadolinium-loaded liquid scintillator for solar neutrino detection and neutron measurements
A high flashpoint, low-toxicity liquid scintillator based on a-hydroxytoluene and containing 10wt% Gd has been developed for solar neutrino detection and neutron measurements. Dissolution of the gadolinium compound into the scintillator was facilitated by the use of the extractant triethylphosphate. Preliminary investigation has shown the attenuation length of the loaded scintillator to be 1.42m at 420 nm and the light collection to be 30% of that produced by an unloaded sample. r 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 95.55.Vj; 14.60.Pq
123536981
Neutrino-induced and atmospheric single-muon fluxes measured over five decades of intensity by LVD at Gran Sasso Laboratory
Abstract We report data taken by the LVD Experiment during a live-time period of 11 556 h. We have measured the muon intensity at slant depths of standard rock from about 3000 hg/cm 2 to about 20 000 hg/cm 2 . This is an exclusive study, namely our data include only events containing single muons. This interval of slant depth extends into the region where the dominant source of underground muons seen by LVD is the interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with the rock surrounding LVD. The interesting result is that this flux is independent of slant depth beyond a slant depth of about 14 000 hg/cm 2 of standard rock. Due to the unique topology of the Gran Sasso Laboratory the muons beyond about 14 000 hg/cm 2 of standard rock are at a zenithal angle near 90°. Hence we have, for this fixed angle, a muon flux which is independent of slant depth. This is direct evidence that this flux is due to atmospheric neutrinos interacting in the rock surrounding LVD. The value of this flux near 90° is (8.3 ± 2.6) × 10 −13 cm −2 s −1 sr −1 , which is the first reported measurement at a zenithal angle near 90° and for slant depths between 14 000 and 20 000 hg/cm 2 . Our data cover over five decades of vertical intensity, and can be fit with just three parameters over the full range of our experiment. This is the first time a single experiment reports the parameters of a fit made to the vertical intensity over such a large range of standard rock slant depth. The results are compared with a Monte Carlo simulation which has as one of the two free parameters γ πκ , the power index of the differential energy spectrum of the pions and kaons in the atmosphere. This comparison yields a value of 2.75 ± 0.03 for γ πκ , where the error includes the systematic uncertainties. Our data are compared to other measurements made in our slant depth interval. We also report the value of the muon flux in Gran Sasso at θ = 90° as a function of the azimuthal angle.
204978416
Measurement of $CP$ asymmetry in $D^0 \rightarrow K^- K^+$ and $D^0 \rightarrow \pi^- \pi^+$ decays
Time-integrated $CP$ asymmetries in $D^0$ decays to the final states $K^- K^+$ and $\pi^- \pi^+$ are measured using proton-proton collisions corresponding to $3\mathrm{\,fb}^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected at centre-of-mass energies of $7\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$ and $8\mathrm{\,Te\kern -0.1em V}$. The $D^0$ mesons are produced in semileptonic $b$-hadron decays, where the charge of the accompanying muon is used to determine the initial flavour of the charm meson. The difference in $CP$ asymmetries between the two final states is measured to be \begin{align} 
\Delta A_{CP} = A_{CP}(K^-K^+)-A_{CP}(\pi^-\pi^+) = (+0.14 \pm 0.16\mathrm{\,(stat)} \pm 0.08\mathrm{\,(syst)})\% \ . \nonumber \end{align} A measurement of $A_{CP}(K^-K^+)$ is obtained assuming negligible $CP$ violation in charm mixing and in Cabibbo-favoured $D$ decays. It is found to be \begin{align} 
A_{CP}(K^-K^+) = (-0.06 \pm 0.15\mathrm{\,(stat)} \pm 0.10\mathrm{\,(syst)}) \% \ ,\nonumber \end{align} where the correlation coefficient between $\Delta A_{CP}$ and $A_{CP}(K^-K^+)$ is $\rho=0.28$. By combining these results, the $CP$ asymmetry in the $D^0\rightarrow\pi^-\pi^+$ channel is $A_{CP}(\pi^-\pi^+)=(-0.20\pm0.19\mathrm{\,(stat)}\pm0.10\mathrm{\,(syst)})\%$.
197532158
Search for the rare decay $D^0 \to \mu^+ \mu^-$
A search for the rare decay $D^0 \to \mu^+ \mu^-$is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.9 fb$^{-1}$, of $pp$ collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of events is consistent with the background expectations and corresponds to an upper limit of \mbox{${\cal B}(D^0 \to \mu^+ \mu^-) < 6.2(7.6) \times 10^{-9}$} at \mbox{90%} \mbox{(95%)} confidence level. This result represents an improvement of more than a factor twenty with respect to previous measurements.
8388828
Observation of photon polarization in the b→sγ transition.
This Letter presents a study of the flavor-changing neutral current radiative B±→K±π∓π±γ decays performed using data collected in proton-proton collisions with the LHCb detector at 7 and 8 TeV center-of-mass energies. In this sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3  fb-1, nearly 14 000 signal events are reconstructed and selected, containing all possible intermediate resonances with a K±π∓π± final state in the [1.1,1.9]  GeV/c2 mass range. The distribution of the angle of the photon direction with respect to the plane defined by the final-state hadrons in their rest frame is studied in intervals of K±π∓π± mass and the asymmetry between the number of signal events found on each side of the plane is obtained. The first direct observation of the photon polarization in the b→sγ transition is reported with a significance of 5.2σ.
59127326
Measurement of the charge asymmetry in $B^{\pm}\rightarrow \phi K^{\pm}$ and search for $B^{\pm}\rightarrow \phi \pi^{\pm}$ decays
The \CP-violating charge asymmetry in $B^{\pm}\rightarrow \phi K^{\pm}$ decays is measured in a sample of $pp$ collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. The result is $\mathcal{A}_{CP}(B^{\pm}\rightarrow \phi K^{\pm}) = \rm 0.022\pm 0.021 \pm 0.009$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. In addition, a search for the $B^{\pm}\rightarrow \phi \pi^{\pm}$ decay mode is performed, using the $B^{\pm}\rightarrow \phi K^{\pm}$ decay rate for normalization. An upper limit on the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(B^{\pm}\rightarrow \phi \pi^{\pm})< 1.5\times 10^{-7}$ is set at 90% confidence level.
116402726
Superfermionic superconformal string model