15923207
The Fairness of Perfect Concurrent Signatures
In Eurocrypt 2004, Chen, Kudla and Paterson introduced the concept of concurrent signatures, which allow two parties to produce two ambiguous signatures until the initial signer releases an extra piece of information (called keystone). Once the keystone is publicly known, both signatures are bound to their true signers concurrently. In ICICS 2004, Susilo, Mu and Zhang further proposed perfect concurrent signatures to strengthen the ambiguity of concurrent signatures. That is, even if the both signers are known having issued one of the two ambiguous signatures, any third party is still unable to deduce who signed which signature, different from Chen et al.'s scheme. In this paper, we point out that Susilo et al.'s two perfect concurrent signature schemes are actually not concurrent signatures. Specifically, we identify an attack that enables the initial signer to release a carefully prepared keystone that binds the matching signer's signature, but not the initial signer's. Therefore, their schemes are unfair for the matching signer. Moreover, we present an effective way to avoid this attack so that the improved schemes are truly perfect concurrent signatures.
1762691
Non-Repudiation in Electronic Commerce
Introduction - Electronic Commerce and Security. Repudiation and Dispute Resolution. Non-Repudiation and Network Security. Non-Repudiation in Message Handling Systems. Non-Repudiation in Electronic Payment Systems. Book Outline. Fundamentals of Non-Repudiation - Goals of Non-Repudiation. Non-Repudiation Services. Non-Repudiation Evidence. Roles of Trusted Third Parties. Phases of Non-Repudiation. Non-Repudiation Policy. Requirements for Non-Repudiation. Securing Digital Signatures for Non-Repudiation - Security Requirements on Digital Signatures. Time Stamps in Digital Signatures. Securing TTP's Digital Signatures. Time-Stamping Approach. Auditing Approach. One-Way Sequential Link Approach. Temporary Certificate Approach. Comparison. Summary. Achieving Fair Non-Repudiation - Factors against Fair Non-Repudiation. Approaches for Fair Non-Repudiation. Protocol NR1: Using Light-Weighted On-Line TTP. Protocol NR2: Using Off-Line TTP without Timely Termination. Protocol NR3: Using Off-Line TTP with Timely Termination. Protocol NR4: Using In-Line TTP for Timely Delivery. Summary. Related Work on Fair Non-Repudiation - Protocols Using In-Line TTP. Protocols Using On-Line TTP. Protocols Using Off-Line TTP. Protocols with Probablistic Fairness. Summary. ISO's Non-Repudiation Mechanisms - Overview of ISO/IEC 13888. Mechanisms Using Symmetric Techniques. Mechanisms Using Asymmetric Techniques. Time-Stamping Evidence. Summary. Case Studies - Non-Repudiation in Electronic Payment. Undeniable Billing in Mobile Communication. Summary. Conclusion. Towards Formal Verification of Non-Repudiation - The SVO Logic. Formalization of Non-Repudiation. Verification of a Non-Repudiation Protocol. Summary.
2500764
Securing digital signatures for non-repudiation
Dispute of transactions is a common problem that could jeopardise business. Hence non-repudiation services are essential in business transactions which provide evidence to enable dispute resolution. To be eligible as non-repudiation evidence, the digital signature on an electronic document should remain valid until its expiry date which is specified by some non-repudiation policy. The conventional approaches are either inefficient or insecure to achieve non-repudiation in electronic commerce. This article presents a practical scheme to secure digital signatures as non-repudiation evidence with an adjustable degree of risk.
40659634
Observations on Non-repudiation
This paper discusses non-repudiation services regarding the transfer of a message and classifies the roles of trusted third parties involved in non-repudiation services. We examine the selective receipt problem and the generation of time evidence, analyse the current state of the ISO/IEC 13888 drafts on non-repudiation mechanisms, and present a fair non-repudiation protocol including time evidence to promote the development of these drafts.
1909548
An intensive survey of fair non-repudiation protocols
With the phenomenal growth of the Internet and open networks in general, security services, such as non-repudiation, become crucial to many applications. Non-repudiation services must ensure that when Alice sends some information to Bob over a network, neither Alice nor Bob can deny having participated in a part or the whole of this communication. Therefore a fair non-repudiation protocol has to generate non-repudiation of origin evidences intended to Bob, and non-repudiation of receipt evidences destined to Alice. In this paper, we clearly define the properties a fair non-repudiation protocol must respect, and give a survey of the most important non-repudiation protocols without and with trusted third party (TTP). For the later ones we discuss the evolution of the TTP's involvement and, between others, describe the most recent protocol using a transparent TTP. We also discuss some ad-hoc problems related to the management of non-repudiation evidences.
26863874
Efficient Signature Validation Based on a New PKI
Digital signatures usually serve as irrefutable cryptographic evidence to support dispute resolution in electronic transactions. Trusted time-stamping and certificate revocation services, although very costly in practice, must be available to prevent big loss due to compromising of the signing key. In this paper, we employ a revocation-free public-key framework to improve the efficiency in maintaining the validity of digital signatures as non-repudiation evidence. The new PKI allows an end user to control the validity of his own public-key certificate and enables certificate verification without retrieving the revocation information from the CA. Based on this new PKI, we could validate generic digital signatures using a TSA only. Moreover, we could validate forward-secure digital signatures without the TTP’s involvement.
17144927
Improving scalability of wireless network simulation with bounded inaccuracies
Discrete event network simulators have emerged as popular tools for verification and performance evaluation of wireless networks. Nevertheless, the desire to model such networks at high fidelity implies high computational costs, limiting most researchers the ability to simulate networks with thousands of nodes. Previous attempts to optimize simulation of large-scale wireless networks have not appropriately modeled accumulation of weak interference, thereby suffering inaccuracies that may be further magnified in the evaluation of upper-layer protocols. This article presents a comprehensive analysis on the effects of common optimization techniques for large-scale wireless network simulation on the overall network performance. Based on the analysis, it formulates distance limit derivation and mobility update reduction that introduce bounded inaccuracy to the radio propagation simulation. It further proposes a novel technique, Lazy Event Scheduling with Corrective Retrospection, that reduces simulation events twenty-five fold without introducing any inaccuracy at all. The experimental results show that these optimizations can substantially improve the runtime performance of an already efficient wireless network simulator, by a factor of up to 55 for wireless networks with 3200 nodes without compromising the simulation's accuracy.
15147736
Exploiting medium access diversity in rate adaptive wireless LANs
Recent years have seen the growing popularity of multi-rate wireless network devices (e.g., 802.11a cards) that can exploit variations in channel conditions and improve overall network throughput. Concurrently, rate adaptation schemes have been developed that selectively increase data transmissions on a link when it offers good channel quality. In this paper, we propose a Medium Access Diversity (MAD) scheme that leverages the benefits of rate adaptation schemes by aggressively exploiting multiuser diversity. The basic mechanism of MAD is to obtain instantaneous channel condition information from multiple receivers and selectively transmit data to a receiver that improves the overall throughput of the network, while maintaining temporal fairness among multiple data flows. We identify and address the challenges in the design and implementation of MAD's three phases: channel probing, data transmission, and receiver scheduling. We also use analytical models to examine the tradeoff between network performance improvement and overhead of channel probing, and derive an asymptotic performance bound for the receiver scheduling algorithms used by MAD. Results from the analysis and the extensive simulations demonstrate that, on average, MAD can improve the overall throughput of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs by 50% as compared with the best existing rate adaptation scheme.
26054597
Image Rectification for Stereoscopic Visualization Without 3D Glasses
There exist various methods for stereoscopic viewing of images, most requiring that a viewer wears some special glasses. Recent technology developments have resulted in displays that enable 3D viewing without glasses. In this paper, we present results from our proposed approach to automatic rectification of two images of the same scene captured by cameras at general positions, so that the results can be viewed on a 3D display. Both simulated and real data experiments are presented.
1537245
TWINE: A Hybrid Emulation Testbed for Wireless Networks and Applications
In this paper, we present TWINE, a high fidelity, efficient emulation framework that combines the accuracy and realism of emulated and physical networks and the scalability and repeatability of simulation in an integrated testbed, for evaluation of real protocols and applications. Our measurements show that the TWINE emulation kernel has a memory footprint of less than 100KB, and occupies no more than 3.5% CPU cycles. Thanks to such small overhead and the accurate modelling of physical layer events(at microseconds level), application throughput measured in TWINE is within 5% of the measured throughput from an equivalent physical wireless LAN. A single commodity PC in TWINE can emulate at least four wireless hosts or simulate sixty nodes in real time at microseconds granularity. This paper also illustrates TWINE’s novel capabilities via two case studies: a protocol to maintain fairness in mesh networks and an adaptive streaming media application operating in heterogeneous wireless networks. The results from the case studies clearly show the benefit of the TWINE evaluation methodology, by identifying a mismatch between the performance of the protocol or application based on actual user experience versus its performance as measured using traditional network performance metrics such as application throughput.
10635154
Buffering Accesses to Memory-Resident Index Structures
Recent studies have shown that cache-conscious indexes outperform conventional main memory indexes. Cache-conscious indexes focus on better utilization of each cache line for improving search performance of a single lookup. None has exploited cache spatial and temporal locality between consecutive lookups. We show that conventional indexes, even "cache-conscious" ones, suffer from significant cache thrashing between accesses. Such thrashing can impact the performance of applications such as stream processing and query operations such as index-nested-loops join. 
 
We propose techniques to buffer accesses to memory-resident tree-structured indexes to avoid cache thrashing. We study several alternative designs of the buffering technique, including whether to use fixed-size or variable-sized buffers, whether to buffer at each tree level or only at some of the levels, how to support bulk access while there are concurrent updates happening to the index, and how to preserve the order of the incoming lookups in the output results. Our methods improve cache performance for both cache-conscious and conventional index structures. Our experiments show that buffering techniques enable a probe throughput that is two to three times higher than traditional methods.