123363108
A realistic design of the CBM-TOF wall based on modules commissioned in-beam
The Compressed Baryonic Matter experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research will use a time-of-flight (TOF) wall for hadron identification, which is at the moment planned to be based on the Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber (MRPC) technology. The wall will be placed at 10m distance from the target, covering an area of the order of 150 m2. Over such an area, it will provide a time-of-flight resolution of 80 ps, by resorting to ca. 50000 RPC cells (in multi-strip or multi-pad configuration). Fluxes of quasi-minimum ionizing particles (γβ≥3) as high as 20 kHz/cm2 can be reached in the central region, corresponding to the low polar angle/high rapidity section. We propose here a realistic design for building the TOF wall by resorting to a single technology based on low-resistivity doped glass and relying on small structural modifications of the modules developed and tested during the last two years. Latest results from the modules are summarized. A comprehensive analytic discussion on the counter performance under non-uniform beams, when neglecting non-local effects, is also presented.
2642397
Beam Position Monitoring Using the Hom-Signals from a Damped and Detuned Accelerating Structure
The Next and Global Linear Collider (NLC/GLC) designs require precision alignment of the beam in the accelerator structures to reduce short range wakefields. The moderately damped and detuned structures themselves provide suitable higher order mode (HOM) signals to measure this alignment. The modes in the lowest dipole band, whose frequencies range from 14-16 GHz, provide the strongest signals. To determine the position resolution they provide, an NLC/GLC prototype structure that was installed in the ASSET facility of the SLAC Linac was instrumented to downmix and digitize these signals. The beam position within the structure was determined by simultaneously measuring the signals at three frequencies (14.3, 15, 15.7 GHz) corresponding to modes localized at the beginning, the middle and the end of the 60 cm long structure. A resolution of 1 micron was achieved even with 28 dB signal attenuation, which is better than the 5 micron resolution required for the NLC/GLC.
122603752
CMS Data Processing Workflows during an Extended Cosmic Ray Run
The CMS Collaboration conducted a month-long data taking exercise, the Cosmic Run At Four Tesla, during October-November 2008, with the goal of commissioning the experiment for extended operation. With all installed detector systems participating, CMS recorded 270 million cosmic ray events with the solenoid at a magnetic field strength of 3.8 T. This paper describes the data flow from the detector through the various online and offline computing systems, as well as the workflows used for recording the data, for aligning and calibrating the detector, and for analysis of the data.
55114627
T2K neutrino flux prediction
The Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) experiment studies neutrino oscillations using an off-axis muon neutrino beam with a peak energy of about 0.6 GeV that originates at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex accelerator facility. Interactions of the neutrinos are observed at near detectors placed at 280 m from the production target and at the far detector—Super-Kamiokande—located 295 km away. The flux prediction is an essential part of the successful prediction of neutrino interaction rates at the T2K detectors and is an important input to T2K neutrino oscillation and cross section measurements. A FLUKA and GEANT3-based simulation models the physical processes involved in the neutrino production, from the interaction of primary beam protons in the T2K target, to the decay of hadrons and muons that produce neutrinos. The simulation uses proton beam monitor measurements as inputs. The modeling of hadronic interactions is reweighted using thin target hadron production data, including recent charged pion and kaon measurements from the NA61/SHINE experiment. For the first T2K analyses the uncertainties on the flux prediction are evaluated to be below 15% near the flux peak. The uncertainty on the ratio of the flux predictions at the far and near detectors is less than 2% near the flux peak.
209835030
Alignment of the CMS Silicon Tracker during Commissioning with Cosmic Rays
This is the Pre-print version of the Article. The official published version of the Paper can be accessed from the link below - Copyright @ 2010 IOP
55153082
A multi-moded rf delay line distribution system for the next linear collider
The Delay Line Distribution System (DLDS) is an alternative to conventional pulse compression, which enhances the peak power of rf sources while matching the long pulse of those sources to the shorter filling time of accelerator structures. We present an implementation of this scheme that combines pairs of parallel delay lines of the system into single lines. The power of several sources is combined into a single waveguide delay line using a multi-mode launcher. The output mode of the launcher is determined by the phase coding of the input signals. The combined power is extracted from the delay line using mode-selective extractors, each of which extracts a single mode. Hence, the phase coding of the sources controls the output port of the combined power. The power is then fed to the local accelerator structures. We present a detailed design of such a system, including several implementation methods for the launchers, extractors, and ancillary high power rf components. The system is designed so that it can handle the 600 MW peak power required by the NLC design while maintaining high efficiency.
119241598
Central gas entropy excess as direct evidence for AGN feedback in galaxy groups and clusters
By analyzing Chandra X-ray data of a sample of 21 galaxy groups and 19 galaxy clusters, we find that in 31 sample systems there exists a significant central ( R ≤10 h -1 71 kpc) gas entropy excess (∆ K 0 ), which corresponds to ≃ 0.1 - 0.5 keV per gas particle, beyond the power-law model that best fits the radial entropy profile of the outer regions. We also find a distinct correlation between the central entropy excess ∆ K 0 and K-band luminosity LK of the central dominating galaxies (CDGs), which is scaled as ∆ K 0 ∝ L 1.6±0.4 K , where L K is tightly associated with the mass of the supermassive black hole hosted in the CDG. In fact, if an effective mass-to-energy conversion- efficiency of 0.02 is assumed for the accretion process, the cumulative AGN feedback E AGN feedback ≃ ηM BH c 2 yields an extra heating of ≃0.5 - 17.0 keV per particle, which is sufficient to explain the central entropy excess. In most cases, the AGN contribution can compensate the radiative loss of the X-ray gas within the cooling radius ( ≃0.002 - 2.2 keV per particle), and apparently exceeds the energy required to cause the scaling relations to deviate from the self-similar predictions ( ≃0.2 - 1.0 keV per particle). In contrast to the AGN feedback, the extra heating provided by supernova explosions accounts for ≃0.01 - 0.08 keV per particle in groups and is almost negligible in clusters. Therefore, the observed correlation between ∆ K 0 and L K can be considered as direct evidence for AGN feedback in galaxy groups and clusters.
121851251
The forward muon detector of L3
The forward-backward muon detector of the L3 experiment is presented. Intended to be used for LEP 200 physics, it consists of 96 self-calibrating drift chambers of a new design enclosing the magnet pole pieces of the L3 solenoid. The pole pieces are toroidally magnetized to form two independent analyzing spectrometers. A novel trigger is provided by resistive plate counters attached to the drift chambers. Details about the design, construction and performance of the whole system are given together with results obtained during the 1995 running at LEP.
25490185
Device Modeling of Superconductor Transition-Edge Sensors Based on the Two-Fluid Theory
In order to support the design and research of sophisticated large-scale transition-edge sensor (TES) circuits, we use basic SPICE elements to develop device models for TESs based on the superfluid-normal fluid theory. In contrast to previous studies, our device model is not limited to small-signal simulation, and it relies only on device parameters that have clear physical meaning and can be easily measured. We integrate the device models in design kits based on powerful electronic design automation tools such as CADENCE and OrCAD and use them for versatile simulations of TES circuits. Comparing our simulation results with published experimental data, we find good agreement which suggests that device models based on the two-fluid theory can be used to predict the behavior of TES circuits reliably. Hence, they are valuable for assisting the design of sophisticated TES circuits.
5947961
Meeting Tight Frequency Requirement of Rounded Damped Detuned Structure
Following successful design and fabrication of damped detuned structures, the R and D for the accelerating structures of the NLC/JLC linear collider project proceeded to studies of Rounded Damped Detuned Structure with curved cross section of the cavity shape for increased shunt impedance. The important features of the structure are the accurately tuned accelerating mode frequency and the distribution of the first dipole modes smooth and close to the design distribution. These requirements were met based on the high-accuracy diamond turning with its capability to realize the periphery tolerance of two microns. The lowest dipole mode frequencies scattered by 0.6 MHz RMS. The error in the accelerating mode frequency averaged over a structure was 0.1 MHz by applying a feed-forward method.
17722290
Active galactic nuclei with double-peaked balmer lines: I. Black hole masses and eddington ratios
Using stellar population synthesis, we model the stellar contribution for a sample of 110 double- peaked broad- line active galactic nuclei ( AGNs) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey ( SDSS). The stellar velocity dispersions (sigma(*)) are obtained for 52 double- peaked AGNs with obvious stellar absorption features, ranging from 106 to 284 km s(-1). We also use multicomponent profiles to fit O III lambda lambda 4959, 5007 and H beta emission lines. Using the well- established M-bh-sigma(*) relation, the black hole masses are calculated to range from 1.0 x 10(7) to 5.5 x 10(8) M circle dot, and the Eddington ratio from similar to 0.01 to similar to 1. Comparing these with the known R-BLR-L relation, we can find the factor f, which indicates the BLRs' geometry, inclination, and kinematics. We find that f deviates greatly from 0.75, suggesting the nonvirial dynamics of broad- line regions. The peak separation is mildly correlated with the Eddington ratio and SMBH mass with almost the same correlation coefficients. This implies that it will be difficult to detect obvious double- peaked AGNs with higher Eddington ratios. Using the monochromatic luminosity at 5100 8 to trace the bolometric luminosity, we find that external illumination of the accretion disk is needed to produce the observed strength of the H similar to emission line.