118736183
Unified Description of Pion-Photo-Production and Elastic Pion Scattering on the Deuteron in the Isobar-Doorway Model
It has been recognized recently1 that the strong dominance of the Δ(1236) isobar in nuclear reactions at medium energies advocates an explicit treatment of this degree of freedom in nuclei (in contrast to its implicit incorporation in an optical model description). Such a model, phrased commonly as isobar doorway or A* model1 has two particularly interesting features, (i) it forms a natural basis for a unified description of different isobar dominated scattering processes; (ii) it offers a more or less direct test of the isobar self energy in nuclei or, equivalently, of the ΔN interaction. An ideal testing ground for such a model seems to be deuteron: with all many-body complications being absent, predictions for scattering reactions on the deuteron should reflect and in this way allow direct investigation of the various ingredients of the model.
120855950
Pionic and electromagnetic excitation of A* resonances
The nuclear excitation spectrum in the Delta (3,3) energy range is studied by comparing elastic pion scattering with coherent neutral pion photoproduction. The corresponding multipole excitation strength distributions are found to be quite different. This emphasises the role of the electromagnetic excitations of nuclei for the investigation of the A* resonances which is complementary to their mesonic excitation. Results are presented for 12C( gamma , pi 0) 12C(GS); they are compared with those of the phenomenological isobar doorway model and of DWIA calculations.
120225283
Quark structure of simple and complex hadrons
Abstract A realistic description of the meson and baryon spectra can be achieved within a non-relativistic quark model but the coupling of baryonic q 3 -states to meson-baryon decay channels is of vital importance for a proper description of the decay properties of baryon resonances which are interpreted as bound (q 3 )-configurations embedded in meson continua. This dressing of q 3 -states automatically leads to an energy- and state dependent baryon-baryon interaction that allows a formulation of a multibaryon Hamiltonian for complex hadrons. Within this framework the subnuclear dynamics of intermediate energy excitations of complex hadrons is discussed.
120745638
SHORT-RANGE CORRELATIONS AND ELASTIC ELECTRON SCATTERING.
121598524
Collective resonance in pion-nucleus scattering
Pion-nucleus scattering is described by the excitation of bound nucleons into the ..delta.. resonance leading to isobaric resonances of the whole nucleus. A few broad collective resonances of different multipolarity are shown to dominate elastic and inelastic ..pi..-/sup 12/C scattering. From the qualitatively good agreement with the data, we conclude that those giant isobaric resonances are a general feature of the nuclear excitation spectrum in the ..delta.. (3, 3) energy range.
13703277
COLLECTIVE TREATMENT OF THE GIANT RESONANCES IN SPHERICAL NUCLEI.
In a collective treatment the energies of the giant resonances are given by the boundary conditions at the nuclear surface, which is subject to vibration in spherical nuclei. The general form of the coupling between these two collective motions is given by angular-momentum and parity conservation. The coupling constants are completely determined within the hydrodynamical model. In the present treatment the influence of the surface vibrations on the total photon-absorption cross section is calculated. It turns out that in most of the spherical nuclei this interaction leads to a pronounced structure in the cross section. The agreement with the experiments in medium-heavy nuclei is striking; many of the experimental characteristics are reproduced by the present calculations. In some nuclei, however, there seem to be indications of single-particle excitations which are not yet contained in this work.
7124426
Color and Variability Characteristics of Point Sources in the Faint Sky Variability Survey
We present an analysis of the color and variability characteristics for point sources in the Faint Sky Variability Survey (FSVS). The FSVS cataloged ~23 deg2 in BVI filters from ~16 to 24 mag to investigate variability in faint sources at moderate-to-high Galactic latitudes. Point-source completeness is found to be >83% for a selected representative sample (V = 17.5-22.0 mag, B - V = 0.0-1.5) containing both photometric B, V detections and 80% of the time-sampled V data available compared to a basic internal source completeness of 99%. Multiepoch (10-30) observations in V spanning minutes to years modeled by light-curve simulations reveal amplitude sensitivities to ~0.015-0.075 mag over a representative V = 18-22 mag range. Periodicity determinations appear viable to timescales of order 1 day or less using the most sampled fields (~30 epochs). The fraction of point sources is found to be generally variable at 5%-8% over V = 17.5-22.0 mag. For V brighter than 19 mag, the variable population is dominated by low-amplitude (<0.05 mag) and blue (B - V < 0.35) sources, possibly representing a population of γ Doradus stars. Overall, the dominant population of variable sources are bluer than B - V = 0.65 and have main-sequence colors, likely reflecting larger populations of RR Lyrae, SX Phe, γ Doradus, and W UMa variables.
13077278
CrasyDSE: A framework for solving Dyson–Schwinger equations☆
Dyson–Schwinger equations are important tools for non-perturbative analyses of quantum field theories. For example, they are very useful for investigations in quantum chromodynamics and related theories. However, sometimes progress is impeded by the complexity of the equations. Thus automating parts of the calculations will certainly be helpful in future investigations. In this article we present a framework for such an automation based on a C++ code that can deal with a large number of Green functions. Since also the creation of the expressions for the integrals of the Dyson–Schwinger equations needs to be automated, we defer this task to a Mathematica notebook. We illustrate the complete workflow with an example from Yang–Mills theory coupled to a fundamental scalar field that has been investigated recently. As a second example we calculate the propagators of pure Yang–Mills theory. Our code can serve as a basis for many further investigations where the equations are too complicated to tackle by hand. It also can easily be combined with DoFun, a program for the derivation of Dyson–Schwinger equations.1 Program summary Program title: CrasyDSE Catalogue identifier: AEMY _v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEMY_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 49030 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 303958 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica 8 and higher, C++. Computer: All on which Mathematica and C++ are available. Operating system: All on which Mathematica and C++ are available (Windows, Unix, Mac OS). Classification: 11.1, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6. Nature of problem: Solve (large) systems of Dyson–Schwinger equations numerically. Solution method: Create C++ functions in Mathematica to be used for the numeric code in C++. This code uses structures to handle large numbers of Green functions. Unusual features: Provides a tool to convert Mathematica expressions into C++ expressions including conversion of function names. Running time: Depending on the complexity of the investigated system solving the equations numerically can take seconds on a desktop PC to hours on a cluster.
15971982
Limits on spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions from the Cryogenic Dark Matter Search
The Cryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) is an experiment to detect weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), which may constitute the universe’s dark matter, based on their interactions with Ge and Si nuclei. We report the results of an analysis of data from the first two runs of CDMS at the Soudan Underground Laboratory in terms of spin-dependent WIMP-nucleon interactions on 73 Ge and 29 Si. These data exclude new regions of WIMP parameter space, including regions relevant to spin-dependent interpretations of the annual modulation signal reported by the DAMA/NaI experiment.
52245958
Revealing Bell’s nonlocality for unstable systems in high energy physics
Entanglement and its consequences—in particular the violation of Bell inequalities, which defies our concepts of realism and locality—have been proven to play key roles in Nature by many experiments for various quantum systems. Entanglement can also be found in systems not consisting of ordinary matter and light, i.e. in massive meson–antimeson systems. Bell inequalities have been discussed for these systems, but up to date no direct experimental test to conclusively exclude local realism was found. This mainly stems from the fact that one only has access to a restricted class of observables and that these systems are also decaying. In this Letter we put forward a Bell inequality for unstable systems which can be tested at accelerator facilities with current technology. Herewith, the long awaited proof that such systems at different energy scales can reveal the sophisticated “dynamical” nonlocal feature of Nature in a direct experiment gets feasible. Moreover, the role of entanglement and $\mathcal{CP}$ violation, an asymmetry between matter and antimatter, is explored, a special feature offered only by these meson–antimeson systems.
119097181
On the Infrared Behaviour of QCD Green Functions in the Maximally Abelian Gauge
Functional equations like exact renormalisation group and Dyson-Schwinger equations have contributed to a better understanding of non-perturbative phenomena in quantum field theories in terms of the underlying Green functions. In Yang-Mills theory especially the Landau gauge has been used, as it is the most accessible gauge for these methods. In the maximally Abelian gauge first results have been obtained which are very encouraging because Abelian infrared dominance has been found: The Abelian part of the gauge field propagator is enhanced at low momenta and thereby dominates the dynamics in the infrared. Also the ambiguity of two different types of solutions (decoupling and scaling) exists in both gauges. It is demonstrated how the two solutions are related in the maximally Abelian gauge. As in all two-point Dyson-Schwinger equations of the MAG the infrared dominant diagrams are sunset diagrams, in addition, a BPHZ regularisation and renormalisation of a test system with a sunset-like diagram is presented.