Effectiveness of clinical pharmacist interventions in a hemodialysis unit.
Many patients with end-stage renal disease are treated with a complex pharmacotherapeutic regimen that requires constant and thorough monitoring. The role of a clinical pharmacist in contributing to the care of patients receiving long-term hemodialysis in an outpatient dialysis unit was assessed. Therapeutic interventions provided routinely by the clinical pharmacist were recorded and then categorized and evaluated by two independent clinical pharmacists with expertise in nephrology pharmacotherapeutics. Of the 205 interventions recorded, 97.6% were initiated by the clinical pharmacist and 91.7% were accepted by the medical team; 80.9% were judged to have primarily affected the quality of care. The purposes of interventions were drug selection in 32.2% of cases, drug discontinuation in 19.0%, dose selection in 24.4%, and therapeutic monitoring in 24.4%. Most interventions were initiated in response to abnormal laboratory test results. When the interventions were ranked according to clinical significance, 34.6% were involved with the preservation of major organ function and 62.4% with improvement of the quality of care to acceptable standards. Of all the interventions accepted by the medical team, 90.5% resulted in positive patient outcome; 7.9% resulted in no observable change or had no effect on outcome. The results demonstrate the potential influence and effectiveness of clinical pharmacy interventions on the drug therapy of patients receiving long-term hemodialysis.