The effect of the rate of cooling on phase changes in the 1250–1000 °C and 650–350 °C temperature ranges and on the relative volume of ferrite in austenitic welds deposited with solid G23 12L and flux-cored T23 12 LRM3 wires
Abstract In alloy steels, ferrite is formed during the solidification of the metal. Structure of the steel changes depending on the content of austenite (nickel, carbon, nitrogen, manganese, copper and cobalt) – and ferrite-forming (chromium, molybdenum, silicon, tungsten, vanadium, aluminium, titanium and niobium) elements.1 According to the current state of knowledge, the structure of the weld at ambient temperature depends on the content of ferrite which existed at very high temperatures (below the liquidus curve), i.e. it depends on the ratio of the austenite–ferrite forming elements. Welds in 18–10 grade steels, after cooling to ambient temperatures, have austenitic–ferritic structures.