A phase I study of afatinib combined with paclitaxel and bevacizumab in patients with advanced solid tumors
The combination of afatinib, an irreversible ErbB family blocker, with paclitaxel and bevacizumab was assessed in patients with advanced solid tumors. This phase I study used a 3 + 3 design to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of afatinib combined with paclitaxel and bevacizumab. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and anti-tumor activity were also assessed. The starting dose was oral afatinib 40 mg once daily plus intravenous paclitaxel (fixed dose 80 mg/m2, Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 4-week cycle) and intravenous bevacizumab 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks. Twenty-nine patients were enroled. The afatinib dose was de-escalated to 30 mg and then 20 mg after 2/6 and 2/5 evaluable patients developed dose-limiting toxicities at 40 and 30 mg, respectively, when combined with paclitaxel and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg. The bevacizumab dose was subsequently escalated to 10 mg/kg, and MTD was defined as afatinib 20 mg plus paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 and bevacizumab 10 mg/kg. Frequent (any grade) treatment-related adverse events (AEs) included diarrhea (83%), rash/acne (83%), fatigue (79%), mucosal inflammation (59%), and nausea (59%). Based on overall safety, bevacizumab was amended to 7.5 mg/kg for the recommended phase II dose. Pharmacokinetic analyses suggested no relevant drug–drug interactions. Three (10%) confirmed partial responses were observed; 15 (52%) patients had stable disease. The recommended phase II dose schedule was afatinib 20 mg/day with paclitaxel 80 mg/m2 (Days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks) and bevacizumab 7.5 mg/kg every 2 weeks. At this dose schedule, AEs were manageable, and anti-tumor activity was observed.