Intra-rater agreement of the anorectal exam and classification of injury severity in children with spinal cord injury
Study design:Intra-rater reliability study, cross-sectional design.Objectives:To report on the intra-rater agreement of the anorectal examinations and classification of injury severity in children with spinal cord injury (SCI).Setting:Two, non-profit children's hospitals specializing in pediatric SCI.Methods:180 subjects had at least two trials of the anorectal examinations as defined by the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the agreement. ICC>0.90=high agreement; ICC between 0.75–0.89=moderate agreement; ICC<0.75=poor agreement.Results:When evaluated for the entire sample, agreement was moderate-high for anal sensation and contraction and injury classification. When evaluated as a function of age at examination and type of injury, agreement for anal sensation was poor for subjects with tetraplegia in the 12–15-year age group (ICC=0.56) and 16–21-year age group (ICC=0.70) and for subjects with paraplegia in the 6–11-year age group (ICC=0.69). Agreement for anal contraction was moderate for subjects with tetraplegia in the 16–21-year age group (ICC=0.81) and subjects with paraplegia in the 12–15-year age group (ICC=0.78) and poor for subjects with paraplegia in the 6–11-year age group (ICC=0.67). Agreement for injury classification was poor for subjects with tetraplegia in the 12–15-year group (ICC=0.56) and 16–21-year group (ICC=0.74) and paraplegia in the 6–11-year group (ICC=0.11) and 12–15-year group (ICC=0.63). Anorectal responses had high agreement in subjects with tetraplegia in the 6–11-year group and moderate to high agreement in subjects with paraplegia in the 16–21-year group.Conclusion:The data do not fully support the use of anorectal examination in children. Further work is warranted to establish the validity of anorectal examination.