정부지원을 중심으로 본 종립학교와 국가의 관계
The purpose of this paper is to describe and explain the changing relations between religious schools and the state. The most important factor precipitating this change seems to be the increasing government subsidies to religious schools. More concretely, in this article, I dealt with two interrelated issues: (1) correlations between government’s financial aids and control to religious schools, especially control to the religious education conducted by those schools; (2) the growing governmental aid to religious schools as a latent cause of conflicts surrounding the constitutional order(religious freedom and the principle of state-religion separation). Since the mid-1980s, government’s financial aids to private schools including religious schools have gradually increased. By the year of 2004, the rate of government aids among the annual budget of private middle and high schools has risen up to 81.8%, 54.4% respectively. But until recently the rate of government aids among the annual budget of private universities has been below 5%. During last three decades, strong correlations between financial aids and control have been apparent. State’s control over the religious education in the middle and high schools established by religious authorities, which have enjoyed growing government aids, has rapidly increased. In contrast, state control to the religious education in the religiously based colleges and universities, which have been excluded from government aids, has maintained at low level. At the same time, the fact that the rapidly growing government aids to religious schools-here middle and high school-becomes a potentially powerful cause of conflicts both between state and religious schools, and between religious schools and students(including their parents) has been apparent. Up to recently, the point of most conflicts has been as follows: “Do the content and form of religious education conducted by religious schools infringe on students’ rights of religious freedom?” But today closely related questions are raised by some scholars: “Can it be allowed that government unduly provide financial aids to the religious schools which primarily function as a stage of religious propaganda?” Or “Do government’s ongoing aids to religious schools, which stick to confessional religious education, violate the constitutional principle of state-religion separation?”