On temperature corrections to Einstein equations
The temperature correction to the Einstein action is considered which does not depend on the Planck energy physics. The leading correction may be interpreted in terms of the temperature dependent effective gravitational and cosmological constants. The correction to the gravitational constant appears to be valid for all temperatures T ≪ EPlanck. It is universal since it is determined only by the number of fermionic and bosonic fields with masses m ≪ T . This universal modification of the gravitational action can be used to study thermodynamics of quantum systems in condensed matter (such as quantum