Effectiveness of Add-On Low-Dose Diuretics in Combination Therapy for Hypertension: Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide vs. Candesartan/Amlodipine
In guidelines, a combination therapy of two or more antihypertensives is recommended for treatment of hypertension where monotherapy is ineffective. Although diuretics or calcium channel blockers are commonly used as add-ons to angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), the most effective and safe combination has not been established. In this randomized 4-month study, the efficacy and safety were compared between an ARB/diuretics (losartan/hydrochlorothiazide [HCTZ]) combination and the most prescribed combination, ARB/calcium channel blocker (candesartan/amlodipine) in hypertensive patients for whom 8 mg/day of candesartan proved ineffective. After 36 patients were recruited and allocated into two groups, changes in blood pressure (BP) and laboratory values were analyzed in 31 patients: 16 patients received losartan (50 mg/day)/HCTZ (12.5 mg/day) (L/H group), and 15 patients received candesartan (8 mg/day)/amlodipine (5 mg/day) (C/A group) after 5 patients were withdrawn. After 4 months, L/H significantly (p<0.001) reduced mean systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) from baseline 160/89±13/11 mmHg to 140/80±9/8 mmHg, and C/A reduced BP from 161/90±10/11 mmHg to 141/79±10/7 mmHg. The efficacy in reducing BP was similar between the two combination therapies. L/H significantly reduced serum potassium, but within the normal range, and did not increase serum uric acid or serum triglyceride. With L/H, the percentage of patients who attained the BP goal in SBP was higher in elderly patients than in younger patients. As L/H is more cost-effective than candesartan/amlodipine and has fewer adverse effects on uric acid and other metabolic parameters than diuretic monotherapy, it is concluded to be useful for the management of hypertension.