Cost Effectiveness of Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease with Entacapone in the United States
Objective: To determine the cost effectiveness of adjunctive therapy with entacapone versus standard treatment (levodopa) without entacapone for patients in the US with Parkinson’s disease (PD)who experience ‘off-time’ (re-emergence of the symptoms of PD) while receiving levodopa. Study Design: A Markov model was used to estimate 5-year costs and effectiveness of standard treatment with and without entacapone. Methods: Probabilities, unit costs, resource utilisation data and utilities were obtained from published literature, clinical trial reports, a national database, and clinical experts. PD disability was measured using the daily proportion of off-time and Hoehn and Yahr scale scores. The analysis measured costs from a societal and third-party payer perspective, and effectiveness as gains in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and years without progression to >25% off-time. Results: From a societal perspective, entacapone therapy resulted in an incremental cost of $US9327 per QALY gained compared with standard treatment. Treatment with entacapone also provided an additional 7.6 months with ≤25% off-time/day compared with standard treatment. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the model is sensitive to changes in rates of improvement/deterioration of off-time, and to the number of doses per day of levodopa with adjunctive entacapone. Conclusions: The addition of entacapone to standard treatment for patients receiving levodopa who experience off-time provides additional QALYs and gain in time with minimal fluctuations. Results of this modelling exercise suggest that therapy with entacapone may be cost effective when compared with standard treatment for PD.