The impact of dry versus moist heat on peripheral IV catheter insertion in a hematology-oncology outpatient population.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
To determine whether dry versus moist heat application to the upper extremity improves IV insertion rates.


DESIGN
Two-group, randomized, controlled clinical design.


SETTING
An academic cancer infusion center in the western United States.


SAMPLE
136 hematologic outpatients with cancer or other malignancies.


METHODS
Participants were randomly assigned to dry or moist heat with warmed towels wrapped around each patient's arm for seven minutes prior to IV insertion. Skin and room temperatures were monitored pre- and postwarming. Two experienced chemotherapy infusion nurses performed the venipunctures according to protocol. Outcomes were examined using variance analysis, with 34 patients for each combination of nurse and heat type.


MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES
Number of IV insertion attempts, time to achieve IV insertion postheating, patient anxiety levels pre- and postheating, and patient comfort.


FINDINGS
Dry heat was 2.7 times more likely than moist heat to result in successful IV insertion on the first attempt, had significantly lower insertion times, and was more comfortable. Heat type had no effect on patient anxiety.


CONCLUSIONS
Dry heat application decreases the likelihood of multiple IV insertion attempts and procedure time and is comfortable, safe, and economical to use in an outpatient oncology setting.