Toroidal modes in nuclei by inelastic electron scattering
Electron scattering is a tool that can provide relatively clean view of the nuclear structure in both ground and excited states, as it depends on the well-known electromagnetic interaction. But since the common expressions for its cross section were derived with certain assumptions, in this paper we describe several nontrivial steps necessary for a proper theoretical calculation within the current density-functional framework, namely with Skyrme QRPA for axial nuclei, with aim to enable comparison of the theoretically predicted low-lying $1^-$ toroidal modes with future (e,e') experiments.