Structure and Evolution Characteristics of the Global Sedimentary Basins:Evidence from the N-S Long Profiles
Basin formation and its structure record basin tectonic evolution,which reflects the different periods of tectonic settings.As the development of the exploration in oil and gas,lots of seismic sections have been accumulated.This provides a large number of basic data for comparison of the characteristics of basins.Materials from hundreds of important sedimentary basins were collected to study the basin tectonic evolution and evolutionary background systematically based on the global structure theory.Two large scale profiles(thousands of km length) were drawn:India-Siberia-North America-South America large scale profile and Africa-Mediterranean-Europe-Arctic-Siberia-Australian large scale profile,the structures and evolution characteristics of the global sedimentary basins show that structure and evolution characteristics of different types of basins are controlled by plate tectonic evolution;Different types of sedimentary basins are orderly parallel to different continents such as ocean basins,trench,forearc basin,back-arc foreland basin,cratonic basin,cratonic basins,rift basins,and passive continental margin basins.The basins in Europe-Asia plate were affected by Alpine orogeny(Himalayan movement).The evolution and structure of basin groups in Asia were controlled by the ancient Asian continent,Tethys,and west Pacific tectonic zone.By the effection of plate boundary,different basin groups in the same continent have close relationship in structure,sedimentation,and tectonic events.Basins containing the richest oil and gas are mainly located within the plate,away from the extrusion plate boundary.These basins generally have a huge cumulative deposition thickness,weak interior faulting,and stable sedimentary and tectonic subsidence.