Population Pharmacokinetic Modelling of Irosustat in Postmenopausal Women with Oestrogen-Receptor Positive Breast Cancer Incorporating Non-Linear Red Blood Cell Uptake
Irosustat is the ‘first-in-class’ irreversible potent steroid sulphatase inhibitor with lack of oestrogenic activity. The objective of this work was to develop a population model characterizing simultaneously the pharmacokinetic profiles of irosustat in plasma and whole blood. This clinical study was an open label, multicentre, phase I multiple cohort dose escalation trial conducted in 35 postmenopausal women with oestrogen-receptor positive breast cancer. Patients received 1, 5, 20, 40, or 80 mg oral doses. Irosustat was administered as a single oral dose to each patient followed by an observation period of 7 days. On day 8 each patient received once daily oral administration until day 34. Concentrations of irosustat in both blood and plasma were obtained and pharmacokinetic analyses were performed with NONMEM 7.2. Irosustat showed non-linear disposition characteristics modelled as maximum binding capacity into the red blood cells. Plasma concentration corresponding to half of the maximum capacity was 32.79 ng/mL. The value of the blood to plasma concentration ratio in linear conditions was 419, indicating very high affinity for the red blood cells. Apparent plasma and blood clearances were estimated in 1199.52 and 3.90 L/day, respectively. Pharmacokinetics of irosustat showed low-moderate inter-subject variability, and neither the demographics (e.g., age, or weight) nor the phenotypes for CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP3A5 enzymes showed statistically significant effects. Relative bioavailability was decreased as the administered dose was augmented. The model predicted a 47% decrease in relative bioavailability in the 40 mg with respect to the 1 mg dose.