Child and adolescent personality
This article deals with the personality problems of two important groups in our society i.e. children and adolescents and attempts to unify the different existing approaches and trends in this area. Indeed personality is greatest and most important concern of psychologists educators and sociologist from a cognitive emotional and psychomotor perspective. The cognitive and mental aspect of personality has been studied by a number of psychologists including J. Piaget G. Brumer S. Binet J.P. Guilford and B. Bloom. In Piaget the key concept is the mental evolution of thinking in children between birth puberty and the onset of adolescence. Therefore the focus is on the evolution of mental structures and knowledge is conditioned by the level of mental operations; this evolution moves through 4 distinct stages. J. P. Guilford proposes a model that classifies mental operations into three dimensions: the mental operations type the content type and the product type. The interaction among these types implies a certain mental capacity. Certain psychologists have become interested in quantifying mental operations and consequently a certain number of instruments have become famous such as intelligence tests for school-age children. The emotional aspect of the personality is represented by the psychoanalytic school the main founder of which was Freud. Freud believed that personality moves from what he calls the "id" to the "ego" and then to the "super-ego." In this aspect the author has presented the various Freudian analyses concerning sexual development in children as well as the emotional interpretation of personality according to "Krothwohl." There are two measurements for the emotional aspect of personality: the projection tests and the grids to measure attitudes that the author presents on theme of education. The psychomotor aspect of personality is clarified by the author by presenting Tran Thong as an example. Thong distinguishes 4 stages of psychomotor development in children and A. J. Harrows psychomotor analysis as a model and a grid for measuring the level of psychomotor development to the area of the face. Thus these three aspects of the personality namely emotional cognitive and psychomotor interact among themselves in such a way that it is impossible to specify the degree of influence that any one of them has on personality in general. The factors that influence personality such as heredity and the givens of the environment are likewise presented.