Measurement of Bone Mineral Density in Mother–Daughter Pairs for Evaluating the Family Influence on Bone Mass Acquisition: A GRIO Survey
The relative influence of genetic and environmental determinants on bone mass is still unclear. Using an original multicentric mode of recruitment, based on absorptiometry current practice, the hypothesis of a familial predisposition to low bone mineral content was assessed. The study was based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of lumbar and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), using daughters of women with a low BMD (case mothers). These BMD values were compared with those of control daughters of women with a normal BMD. Case mothers (n= 72) aged 54.3 ± 4.8 years were recruited on the basis of a questionnaire and a vertebral Z-score < – 2 SD. Their healthy daughters of more than 20 years (n= 77) aged 28.2 ± 4.9 years had their vertebral and femoral BMD Z-score determined. The control groups were composed of mothers aged 54.1 ± 4.7 years, paired by age ± 2 years to the case mothers, and of their daughters of more than 20 years old, aged 27.7 ± 5.8 years. For daughters, a significant difference was found between the mean vertebral Z-scores (–0.82 ± 1.08 for cases and 0.01 ± 1.14 for controls, p < 0.0001). The difference was in the same direction but was not statistically significant for mean femoral Z-scores (–0.58 ± 1.15 for cases and –0.22 ± 1.33 for controls, p <0.073). These findings confirm the hypothesis of a familial predisposition to low BMD.