THE INITIAL STAGE OF AN EXPANDING UNIVERSE AND THE APPEARANCE OF A NONUNIFORM DISTRIBUTION OF MATTER
A hypothesis of the creation of astronomical bodies as a result of gravitational instability of the expanding universe is investigated. It is assumed that the initial inhomogeneities arise as a result of quantum fluctuations of cold baryon-lepton matter at densities of the order of 1098 baryons/cm3• It is suggested that at such densities gravitational effects are of decisive importance in the equation of state and the dependence of the energy density E on the baryon density n can qualitatively be described by graphs a of b of Fig. 1. E vanishes at a certain density n = n0• A theoretical estimate (containing some vague points) yields initial inhomogeneities in the distribution of matter which can explain the origin of clusters of 1062-1063 baryons ( 105-106 M0 ). The calculated mass is smaller than that of the galaxies by a factor of 105-106; it is in fact closer to the masses of globular clusters. The hypothesis is proposed that galaxies are produced as a result of an increase of nonuniformities in the motion and distribution of the gas formed during gravitational collapses of the primordial stellar clusters. According to this hypothesis the plane component of the galaxy is produced from the gas, whereas the spherical component consists mainly of clusters of primordial stars captured by the gravitational field of the rotating gas cloud.