Cost of HIV and determinants of health care costs in HIV-positive patients in Germany: results of the DAGNÄ K3A Study
The aims of this study were to estimate the expenditure for HIV-care in Germany and to identify variables associated with resource use. We performed an 18-month prospective multi-center study in an HIV specialized ambulatory care setting from 2006 to 2009. Patients were eligible for study participation if they (1) were HIV-positive, (2) were ≥18 years of age, (3) provided written consent and (4) were not enrolled in another clinical study; 518 patients from 17 centers were included. Health care costs were estimated following a micro-costing approach from two perspectives: (1) costs incurred to society in general, and (2) costs incurred to statutory health insurance. Data were obtained using questionnaires. Several empirical models for identifying the relationship between health care costs and independent variables, including age, gender, route of transmission and CD4 cell count at baseline, were developed. Average annual health care costs were €23,298 per patient from the societal perspective and €19,103 from the statutory health insurance perspective. Most expenses are caused by antiretroviral medication (80 % of the total and 89 % of direct costs), while hospital costs represented 7 % of total expenditure. A statistically significant association was found between health care costs and clinical variables, with higher CD4 count and female gender generating lower costs, while increased antiretroviral experience and injection drug use led to higher expenditures (P < 0.05). Expenditures for HIV-infection are driven mainly by drug costs. We identified several clinical variables influencing the costs of HIV-treatment. This information could assist policymakers when allocating limited health care resources to HIV care.