55748128
Sustainable infrastructure delivery in Nigeria: implementation of the analytic network process for contractor selection
Purpose: This paper presents research findings that involve the use of analytic network process (ANP) to select contractors for build–operate–transfer (BOT) infrastructure in Nigeria. To deliver sustainable infrastructure (SI), a responsive methodology is required for contractors' selection process, which combines judgement and data for an effective outcomes prediction. Design/methodology/approach: Theoretically grounded on a system theory, sustainable infrastructure delivery (SID) model has been developed in this study. At the deductive phase of the model is the integration of the ANP (a multicriteria decision-making technique) for data synthesis. To obtain decision criteria, 55 sustainability indicators for contractor selection were identified from the literature review. The criteria were first developed to a web-based questionnaire where respondents were requested to rank the importance of the criteria towards selecting contractors that deliver SI, using Likert scale of 1–5 (where “5” is very important and “1” is not important). The results were analysed using factor analysis. Data were further reduced to 16 variables after multicollinearity issues in the data set had been resolved. To weigh the relative importance of the 16 criteria among contractors, ANP methodology was adopted for the second-round questionnaire. The seven-man decision panel that completed the pairwise comparison survey was selected through a purposeful sampling technique. The final survey results were synthesised by Super Decisions (computer package that implements ANP) trial version to rank contractors' options and predict outcomes. Findings/results: Sensitivity analysis of the research findings reveals that the 16 criteria have differential comparative advantages, which requires critical judgement during contractor's pre-evaluation process. Although the overall priorities rank multinational construction corporations (MCC) higher than local construction companies (LCC), MCC are not absolute to deliver SI. LCC are sensitive to some key criteria that are critical to the actualisation SI agenda. Originality/value: This study fills the gap in the knowledge of SID in Nigeria. The study theoretically suggests a framework to harmonise sustainability indicators in contractor selection. The findings further provide feedbacks that can be incorporated to Government's Ministries, Department and Agencies (MDAs) procurement policy to promote SID.
111309103
A strategic framework for sustainable construction in developing countries
There is no doubt that large-scale development in the built environment and its physical infrastructure is needed in the so-called 'developing countries'. However, these problems need to be addressed in a way that is socially and ecologically responsible. There is great urgency to make sustainable interventions now, while these built environments are being created, rather than try and change things after the fact. However, there are a number of challenges to the introduction of sustainable construction technologies and practices, and certain enablers need to be developed to help these countries adopt a more sustainable path. The Agenda 21 for Sustainable Construction in Developing Countries suggested a strategy for addressing some of these challenges by developing a Research and Development Agenda, based on a matrix of immediate, medium-term and long-term technological, institutional and value enablers. This Agenda is supported by a Stakeholder Plan for Action. The challenge now is to find the means to implement these suggestions at a local level by developing regional and national action plans.
108685046
A framework for the strategic development of the construction industry in developing countries
The authors explore construction industry problems in developing countries and the approaches that have been successful in Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs) and develop a framework for strategic development.
154665604
Combating Poverty for Sustainable Human Development in Nigeria: The Continuing Struggle
ABSTRACT Poverty is by all standards a condition of deprivation that impedes human development. Given Nigeria's vast resource base, she ordinarily should have no business with poverty. In fact, she should rank among the richest countries of the world. Ironically, the reverse has so far been the case. This article critically engages the perennial problem of poverty in Nigeria with emphasis on its impacts on human development. The article argues that the pervasiveness and persistence of poverty in the country is a massive betrayal of her rich resource base. The failure of antipoverty initiatives, with its attendant negative implications, may not be unconnected with the pervasiveness of perverse incentive structures that engender and nourish opportunism at the expense of a fairly even distribution of income and wealth. If the new initiatives must yield dividends, the article contends that the democratization process must be energized, the role of the state in the developmental process revisited, community self-help projects encouraged, and socioeconomic growth accelerated. Then human development can be attained and sustained.
153885970
Poverty and Globalization in Africa
Poverty in Africa is not an indigenous problem.’ It is intertwined with Africa’s relations with the rest of the world. Scholars generally agree that Africa’s poverty is embedded within the global capitalist system and associated with the global socio-political structures that maintain it (Ake, 1987; Wallerstein, 1993; Edoho, 1997; Thomas, 1999); and that Africa has been part of this global economy for centuries (Berlin, 1998; Mshoma, 2000). A contemporary interpretation of this global economy is The concept refers to a continual process of integrating local economies into the world capitalist system as well as their transformation. Globalization is seen to entail changes in all dimensions of society, states and markets. It is said to be driven by the quest for higher returns on financial capital. Globalization is justified by the promise of a trickle down of the financial benefits to all people in society (Pasha, 1995). However, benefits have so far accrued developed countries. In particular, the African continent has failed to benefit.
110682122
Indicators for measuring construction industry development in developing countries
The problems of construction industries in developing countries are well researched. For over three decades, proposals have been made for action to address these difficulties. Developing countries have implemented these recommendations, and other initiatives. However, results have been disappointing and the problems have persisted. A possible reason for the lack of progress is the absence of measurable targets in construction industry development programmes to guide and assess, at intervals, the success of their implementation. This paper critically discusses the formulation of a set of indicators for measuring and monitoring progress in the effort to improve the construction industry in a developing country. Previous proposals of indicators and those used in Singapore are examined. A set of indicators is suggested and their merits and possible problems are considered. Recommendations are made on how the indicators can be most effectively implemented. Les problèmes liés à l'industrie du bâtiment dans les pays en voie de développement sont clairement définis. Pendant plus de trois décennies, des propositions ont été formulées en vue de mener des actions visant à surmonter ces difficultés. Les pays en voie de développement ont suivi ces recommandations et pris d'autres initiatives. Néanmoins, les résultats ont été décevants et les problèmes ont persisté. L'une des raisons possibles du manque d'avancée est l'absence d'objectifs mesurables dans les programmes de développement de l'industrie du bâtiment, qui permettraient de guider et d'évaluer, par intervalles, la réussite de leur mise en oeuvre. Le présent document aborde de façon critique la formulation d'un groupe d'indicateurs destinés à mesurer et à surveiller la progression des efforts destinés à améliorer l'industrie du bâtiment dans un pays en voie de développement. Il examine également les propositions antérieures relatives à des indicateurs, ainsi que celles utilisées à Singapore. Il suggère enfin un groupe d'indicateurs et examine leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients éventuels. Des recommendations visant à optimiser l'utilisation de ces indicateurs sont également formulées.
153416036
Challenges of Youth Unemployment in Nigeria: Effective Career Guidance as a Panacea
Unemployment has become a major problem bedeviling the lives of Nigerian youth, causing increased militancy, violent crimes, kidnappings, restiveness and socially delinquent behaviour. Youth unemployment is devastating to both the individual and the society as a whole both psychologically and economically. The paper examines the issue of youth unemployment and looks at potential interventions such as effective career guidance, technical and vocational education as well entrepreneurship education. A number of recommendations were made which include that youths should be trained to possess skills which are congruent with real labour market demand, developing a special focus on career guidance and counselling support in schools and introduction of entrepreneurship education into the school curriculum. Key words: Youth unemployment, career guidance, panacea, entrepreneurship, technical and vocational education.
167427619
Benchmarking parties’ obligations in the execution of concession-based PPP projects in Nigeria
Purpose – Demand–supply matrices with adverse consequences has occasioned government response to concession initiatives in infrastructure in Nigeria. However, concession-based projects have been trailed by administrative and legal controversies. While this scenario has negatively impacted the acceptability of a concession contract, there is, nevertheless, a paucity of research effort aimed at developing a sustainable framework. The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for the evaluation and allocation of obligations of parties, thereby enhancing the synergy and cooperation between the public and private sector organization. Design/methodology/approach – Data were obtained through a questionnaire administered to professionals in concession-based contracts in southwestern Nigeria, which included architects, estate surveyors, quantity surveyors, engineers and builders, accountants/bankers/economists and lawyers. The respondents were selected using random and respondent driven sampling a...
111093676
From demand driven contractor selection towards value driven contractor selection
The procurement of a construction contractor should consider more aspects than only cost or price. Taking value and price into account to select the ‘best value for money’ bid results in adopting a structured multi‐criteria approach. An alternative contractor selection method is presented, which identifies the contractor with the best potential to deliver the highest value for money. An investigation of the client needs and product performances for contractor selection has been conducted for a building type, and the relative weight of each product performance is analysed through a questionnaire. The relative weights of the product performances are identified by allocating a fictional budget to the client needs and translating these values into the relative weight of the product performances by using the quality function deployment method. In the contractor selection method, the relative importance of the product performances are combined with the scores of the bids, resulting in the best bid and contractor in a specific building project.
154663986
China's relations with Nigeria
Abstract Nigeria has become one of China's most important trading partners. China is investing heavily in Nigeria in both commercial and political terms. This article analyses the relationship between China and Nigeria and suggests ways it might develop in the future.
159030329
The need for economic performance measures for life cycle costing of sustainable commercial office buildings
Purpose 
 
 
 
 
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the current level of awareness, usage and advocated benefits of economic performance measures of life cycle costing (LCC) in sustainable commercial office buildings. 
 
 
 
 
Design/methodology/approach 
 
 
 
 
Questionnaire survey to 120 construction professionals was used to gauge the current level of awareness, usage and advocated benefits of economic performance measures in LCC. 
 
 
 
 
Findings 
 
 
 
 
The key findings of the statistical analysis indicated that there is a low awareness and usage of economic performance measures, and revealing the entire value of capital outflow alternatives was the most advocated benefit of its application. 
 
 
 
 
Research limitations/implications 
 
 
 
 
Although the data used in this paper were from professionally qualified members of either the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), the Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB) and the British Institute for Facilities Management (BIFM), the research is limited in some ways in that it does not cover all the professionals in the construction industry. Nevertheless, all the professionals who responded to the questionnaire have up-to-date level of awareness of economic performance measures in LCC. 
 
 
 
 
Practical implications 
 
 
 
 
The use of economic performance measures helps to make available the information required for building performance. Therefore, economic performance methods in LCC are useful devices for users to appraise and distribute recognisable values from initial costs, operating and maintenance costs to clients in the life cycle of an asset. 
 
 
 
 
Social implications 
 
 
 
 
Value for money for construction products and its facilities should not be viewed only in terms of costs to design and construction. Rather, it is vital for corporate occupants and society in general to consider other key variables such as operations, maintenance, renovation, replacement and end-of-life costs. 
 
 
 
 
Originality/value 
 
 
 
 
This study fills the gap in the existing knowledge by addressing concerns over performance measurement to improve the confidence in LCC for sustainable commercial office buildings.
109462686
Understanding barriers affecting the selection of sustainable materials in building projects
Abstract The selection of sustainable building materials has been identified as an important strategy in the design of a building. Although the sustainability imperative is gaining in importance, there are still major barriers preventing this’‘new style’ architectural practice becoming the norm. This paper examines the major barriers encountered in the selection of sustainable building materials among building construction professionals in Nigeria. A questionnaire survey was developed to capture the perception of construction professionals regarding the significance of the identified barriers as it affects the selection and use of sustainable building materials. Case studies of three completed building projects were conducted with design team to validate the result of the survey. Research results show that perception of extra cost being incurred and lack of sustainable material information are identified as the top barriers to sustainable materials selection. The paper concludes with suggestions and actions that can help overcome these existing barriers.
110218333
Time‐cost model for building projects in Nigeria
The concept of project duration is important in assessing the success or viability of a construction project. A time‐cost relationship for construction projects in Nigeria has been developed based on Bromilow's time‐cost model. Cost data on 87 completed building projects executed within the period 1991–2000 were obtained. The data were subjected to regression analyses using double log and later the piecewise model with breakpoint. For the Nigerian situation, the Bromilow's time‐cost model was found to be T = 63C0.262 with poor predictive abilities (R = 0.453, R2 = 0.205). An improved model using piecewise model with good predictive abilities (R = 0.875, R2 = 0.765) was found to be T = 118.563−0.401C (C ⩽ 408) or 603.427 + 0.610C (C>408). The model is shown to be useful in predicting construction project durations.
110283047
Influence of quality performance on clients’ patronage of indigenous and expatriate construction contractors in Nigeria
Abstract Contractors operating in Nigeria are classified as either indigenous or expatriates. The latter is often giving preference over the former in the award of contracts and stakeholders consider this practice unhealthy for growth and development. This study evaluates the influence of the quality performance of the two categories of contractors on their patronage. The objectives are to determine the level and difference in the patronage and quality performance of indigenous and expatriate contractors and the correlation between clients’ assessment of the quality performance and patronage of indigenous and expatriate contractors in the Nigerian construction industry. To achieve these objectives, a field survey involving a sample of 43 clients selected from the population of organised clients in Nigeria was conducted. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. The data collected were analysed to determine the ranking and test of difference in clients’ patronage and clients’ assessment of quali...
152391186
Nigeria's Economic Reforms: Progress and Challenges
Following years of economic stagnation, Nigeria embarked on a comprehensive reform program during the second term of the Obasanjo administration. The program was based on the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) and focused on four main areas: improving the macroeconomic environment, pursuing structural reforms, strengthening public expenditure management, and implementing institutional and governance reforms. This paper reviews Nigeria's recent experience with economic reforms and outlines major policy measures that have been implemented. Although there have been notable achievements under the program, significant challenges exist, particularly in translating the benefits of reforms into welfare improvements for citizens, in improving the domestic business environment, and in extending reform policies to states and local governments. Consequently, we argue that the recent reform program must be viewed as the initial steps of a much longer journey of economic recovery and sustained growth. This paper concludes by outlining a number of outstanding issues that future Nigerian administrations must address.
91182167
Risk management framework for build, operate and transfer (BOT) projects in Kuwait
AbstractSuccessful implementation of build-operate-transfer (BOT), infrastructure projects is dependent on a full and thorough analysis of factors that include social, economic and political, amongst others. Alongside the financially focused evaluations, qualitative factors will also have a strong impact on the project and so require specific techniques for the analysis. This paper presents a new evaluation framework, based on the analytical hierarchy process technique, for use in assessing the most common and significant decision factors relating to risks in BOT projects. Consultations with an expert group identified a series of risk decision factors. The results produced twenty-eight critical Risk Factors, which have a particular impact on the risks of BOT projects. The project risk framework was constructed by classifying the factors into five categories. The framework was successfully validated using a BOT project case study. This research seeks to make a valuable contribution to the field by having d...
152925523
Infrastructure development through PPPs in India: criteria for sustainability assessment
Public private partnerships (PPPs) allow the Indian Government to leverage private capital for meeting the widening demand-supply gap in the provision of infrastructure services. The private sector, however, prefers to limit the participation to financially attractive projects only, thereby resulting in patterns of infrastructure creation impeding the progress towards sustainable development. In order to promote sustainable development, the PPP procurement process should focus on incentivising the private sector for sustainable infrastructure development rather than concentrating on ensuring financial sustainability only. This paper discusses the principles-based PPP-specific framework that has been developed to facilitate assessment of PPP projects' progress towards sustainable development. The framework development was based on a holistic approach to sustainability assessment and subsequently validated through questionnaire survey with key stakeholders in the Indian PPP programme. This framework will provide the decision makers with appropriate decision aid for integration of sustainable development principles in the PPP procurement process.
31313317
Construction costs and value management: study of multinational practices in Nigeria
The practice of multinational construction corporations (MCC) in Nigeria construction industry has been viewed as a value for money approach through construction cost management. Assessment of the opportunity cost of the initiatives is equally important in order to gauge the progress of millennium development goals (MDGs), set up by the United Nations in 2000 on human development in developing countries. The study is aimed at the evaluation of current infrastructure procurement framework, introducing novel sustainable infrastructure delivery (SID) model as a holistic value management methodology and a decision making technique. Key components of the model are Checkland’s soft system methodology (SSM) and analytic network process (ANP) by Saaty. SID input data is collected from the pilot questionnaire with the professionals in Nigeria’s construction industry, reinforced by a thorough literature review. Questions sought paired comparison judgements on key aspects of project management and implications on sustainable infrastructure procurement. The concept is discussed in the methodology section. Preliminary findings reveal that current practice lacks a holistic decision making technique, reflected in divergent value interests among stakeholders on infrastructure procurement through different views on the constitution of values. Though there is practical evidence regarding the growth in the construction sector, quantification of the implications on local economy and human development are less visible and require further investigations.
110306809
Contractors’ Selection Criteria: Opinions of Palestinian Construction Professionals
Abstract Bid awarding practice in Palestine suffers from a myriad of problems. The aggressive competition, as well as the selection of the lowest bidder, may be considered as the major causes of such problems. The aim of this paper is to investigate the opinions of Palestinian construction professionals concerning contractors’ evaluation and selection criteria. A questionnaire survey was adopted for this study, incorporating 38 factors that are believed to be related to contractors’ selection. These factors were identified through a rigorous literature review, and grouped into 10 classes. The results show that the financial evaluation of the bid is considered as the most important class, being ranked in the first position, with a weight equal to 40.10%. The remaining nine classes are all related to technical criteria, with a total weight of 59.90%. The respondents placed a very low emphasis on the health and safety criteria, indicating a substantial lack of awareness of the importance of health and safety. There needs to be a paradigm shift in selecting contractors based upon lowest price to multi-criteria selection. Such a process can be implemented by establishing alternative methods to select the contractors, based on technical and financial criteria. Local official authorities need to make legislative changes on related statutes/law, so that the awarding committees can lawfully consider the only cost, as well as technical factors that are useful to predict the quality of the construction. The findings offer local clients some assistance with reviewing their process when assessing bids received from contractors. Further, the findings also help contractors to improve their bid preparation so that their bid more closely aligns with factors considered important by the clients.
108972232
Contractor selection using the analytic network process
Contractor selection is one of the main activities of clients. Without a proper and accurate method for selecting the most appropriate contractor, the performance of the project will be affected. The multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) is suggested to be a viable method for contractor selection. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been used as a tool for MCDM. However, AHP can only be employed in hierarchical decision models. For complicated decision problems, the analytic network process (ANP) is highly recommended since ANP allows interdependent influences specified in the model. An example is demonstrated to illustrate how this method is conducted, including the formation of supermatrix and the limit matrix.
110433485
Targeting optimum value in public sector projects through “best value”‐focused contractor selection
Procuring best value should be one of the key objectives in public sector construction projects. Best value depends upon sound “selection” strategies which ensure that the outlined project procurement objectives, including client/user demands are met. Examples of “best value” procurement are presented to demonstrate their usefulness and acceptance in principle. Further conceptualizations of various aspects of best value and the “dominance vectors” influencing the ultimate value definitions are developed, in accordance with basic public sector procurement principles. Presents a structured best value based contractor selection framework to optimize realizable value in public sector construction projects.
111255611
Benchmarking contractor selection practices in public‐sector construction—a proposed model
Benchmarking of best practices has proved useful in the business and manufacturing sectors. However, benchmarking is not established in the construction industry in general and in government organizations in particular. A study of the contractor selection methodologies used by various clients confirms the multiplicity of approaches in practice. This paper aims at identifying some relevant ‘best’ practices and highlighting ‘innovative’ contractor selection approaches that have been used by large public clients. A ‘co‐operative’ and ‘non‐competitive’ conceptual benchmarking model is formulated and presented with a view to encouraging continuous improvement in contractor selection for construction projects.
110812145
Lowest price or value? Investigation of UK construction clients' tender selection process
There is a growing urge for a shift from ‘lowest-price wins’ to ‘multi-criteria selection’ practices in the contractor selection process. The rationale is to achieve best value (for money) for the client. Earlier investigations have found that the tender price (i.e. capital cost) still dominates the final selection decision despite increased emphases on the need for contractor selection based on ‘value’. This paper provides insights into the evaluation of contractors' attributes, particularly for project-specific criteria (PSC), that is, criteria against which tendering contractors may be considered. The importance attached by clients to the ‘lowestprice wins’ philosophy is also reported. The perceived importance of PSC (i.e. their influence on final selection choice) is determined through a structured questionnaire survey of UK construction clients. The results show an increasing use of PSC. It is also found that ‘lowest-price’ is not now necessarily the client's principal selection criterion, but rather, the realization that cost has to be tempered with evaluation of PSC in any attempt to identify value for money.
23736198
An Analytic Network Process approach for siting a municipal solid waste plant in the Metropolitan Area of Valencia (Spain).
In this paper the Analytic Network Process (ANP) is applied to select the best location for the construction of a municipal solid waste (MSW) plant in the Metropolitan area of Valencia (Spain). Selection of the appropriate MSW facility location can be viewed as a complex multicriteria decision-making problem that requires an extensive evaluation process of the potential MSW plant locations and other factors as diverse as economic, technical, legal, social or environmental issues. The decision-making process includes the identification of six candidate MSW plant sites and 21 criteria grouped into clusters for the construction of a network. Two technicians of the Metropolitan Waste Disposal Agency acted as decision makers (DMs). The influences between the elements of the network were identified and analyzed using the ANP multicriteria decision method. Two different ANP models were used: one hierarchy model (that considers AHP as a particular case of ANP) and another network-based model. The results obtained in each model were compared and analyzed. The strengths and weaknesses of ANP as a multicriteria decision analysis tool are also described in the paper. The main findings of this research have proved that ANP is a useful tool to help technicians to make their decision process traceable and reliable. Moreover, this approach helps DMs undertake a sound reflection of the siting problem.
9570761
DECISION MAKING WITH THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
Decisions involve many intangibles that need to be traded off. To do that, they have to be measured along side tangibles whose measurements must also be evaluated as to, how well, they serve the objectives of the decision maker. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a theory of measurement through pairwise comparisons and relies on the judgements of experts to derive priority scales. It is these scales that measure intangibles in relative terms. The comparisons are made using a scale of absolute judgements that represents, how much more, one element dominates another with respect to a given attribute. The judgements may be inconsistent, and how to measure inconsistency and improve the judgements, when possible to obtain better consistency is a concern of the AHP. The derived priority scales are synthesised by multiplying them by the priority of their parent nodes and adding for all such nodes. An illustration is included.
108640941
Practical approaches for engaging stakeholders: findings from the UK
Principles for managing stakeholders are discussed in the context of UK construction practice. The number of stakeholders in a modern construction project can be large, presenting numerous interfaces that have to be managed. Meanwhile, each organization has its own characteristic disposition. Therefore, the interactions between diverse organizations in a project pose a high potential for conflicting stakes. Against this background, stakeholder management assumes high priority. Qualitative research was used to investigate the practice of stakeholder management with 12 UK companies in the construction sector. Interviews were held with these companies and content analysis was used to identify themes that demonstrate effective stakeholder management practice. Construct validity and a workshop underpinned the verification of underlying and frontline approaches for managing stakeholders. The underlying approaches include maintaining existing relationships, providing top‐level support and being proactive while the frontline approaches include the use of negotiations, trade‐offs, incentives and concessions.
57402259
Multiple criteria decision-making techniques and their applications – a review of the literature from 2000 to 2014
Multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) is considered as a complex decision-making (DM) tool involving both quantitative and qualitative factors. In recent years, several MCDM techniques and approaches have been suggested to choosing the optimal probable options. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the applications and methodologies of the MCDM techniques and approaches. This study reviewed a total of 393 articles published from 2000 to 2014 in more than 120 peer reviewed journals (extracted from Web of Science). According to experts’ opinion, these articles were grouped into 15 fields. Furthermore, these articles were categorised based on authors, publication date, name of journals, methods, tools, and type of research (MCDM utilising research, MCDM developing research, and MCDM proposing research). The results of this study indicated that in 2013 scholars have published articles more than in other years. In addition, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method in the individual tools and hybrid MCDM in the integrated methods were ranked as the first and second methods in use. Additionally, the European Journal of Operational Research as the first journal with 70 publications was the significant journal in this study. Finally, energy, environment and sustainability were ranked as the first areas that have applied MCDM techniques and approaches.
154791432
Sustainable procurement in the public sector: an international comparative study
Purpose – Public bodies are being encouraged to procure sustainably, to reduce their social and environmental footprint and in order to stimulate sustainability in the private sector. However, little is known about how public sector organisations internationally are responding to this encouragement or of the conditions that are most conducive to sustainable procurement (SP). The purpose of this paper is to address these gaps in our knowledge so as to inform policy development at the government and organisational levels. 
 
Design/methodology/approach – The authors report the findings of a survey of SP practices within a sample of over 280 public procurement practitioners from 20 countries and with collective responsibility for expenditure totalling $45bn p.a. 
 
Findings – The authors' analysis shows that some SP practices are evident in public sector procurement practice and that the extent and nature of SP practices varies significantly across regions. In addition, the authors highlight the main facilitators of, and barriers to, engagement with SP and investigate their importance for engagement with particular dimensions of SP. 
 
Research limitations/implications – Survey respondents are volunteers and may to some degree be more interested in, or engaged with, SP than other public sector organisations. The analysis is cross-sectional and therefore provides only a snapshot of SP practice in the public sector organisations studied. 
 
Practical implications – The paper identifies how policy and practice in SP vary across regions, providing practical insights into whether and how government policies are being implemented around the world. 
 
Originality/value – The paper provides the first systematic and comprehensive insight into how public bodies are implementing SP internationally and of the major situational factors that are shaping engagement with SP. The authors evaluate the current effectiveness of policy initiatives regarding SP and highlight the organisational catalysts and inhibitors of greater involvement in SP. 
 
Design/methodology/approach – The authors report the findings of a survey of SP practices within a sample of over 280 public procurement practitioners from 20 countries and with collective responsibility for expenditure totalling $45bn p.a. 
 
Findings – The authors' analysis shows that some SP practices are evident in public sector procurement practice and that the extent and nature of SP practices varies significantly across regions. In addition, the authors highlight the main facilitators of, and barriers to, engagement with SP and investigate their importance for engagement with particular dimensions of SP. 
 
Research limitations/implications – Survey respondents are volunteers and may to some degree be more interested in, or engaged with, SP than other public sector organisations. The analysis is cross-sectional and therefore provides only a snapshot of SP practice in the public sector organisations studied. 
 
Practical implications – The paper identifies how policy and practice in SP vary across regions, providing practical insights into whether and how government policies are being implemented around the world. 
 
Originality/value – The paper provides the first systematic and comprehensive insight into how public bodies are implementing SP internationally and of the major situational factors that are shaping engagement with SP. The authors evaluate the current effectiveness of policy initiatives regarding SP and highlight the organisational catalysts and inhibitors of greater involvement in SP.
110784677
Clients’ assessment of architects’ performance in building delivery process: Evidence from Nigeria
Abstract The overall intent of this research is to provide architects with information that can be used to improve their performance so as to optimally satisfy the client's requirements and achieve high-quality overall project performance in Nigerian construction industry. Architect performance criteria were identified based on literature within the domain of architect responsibilities. The assessment of architects’ performance was carried out through a questionnaire survey of clients of recently completed building projects in Nigeria. Analysis of data includes comparison of criteria using importance–performance index analysis. Factor analysis was carried out on criteria where architects are falling below average, to group and explore the latent structure of the criteria in the data. The results showed that the architect needs to focus on management skills and ability, buildability, design quality, project communication, project integration and client focus. These results would encourage architects to perform better within their full responsibilities in the building delivery process and deliver high-quality projects within Nigerian construction industry.