208709033
Removal of Acid Dyes from Textile Wastewaters Using Fish Scales by Absorption Process
Fish scales (FS), a byproduct of the fish processing industry, are often discarded carelessly. In this present study, FS were used as a promising bio-sorbent for the removal of anionic acid dyes (acid red 1 (AR1), acid blue 45 (AB45) and acid yellow 127 (AY127)) from the wastewaters of textile coloration. Here, physiochemical characterizations of the FS were investigated by SEM-EDS, TGA and FI-IR analyses, and dye absorption and removal efficiency were evaluated and optimized considering different process parameters such as concentration of initial dye solution, amount of FS used, contact time, FS size, process temperature, additives, stirring and vacuum. SEM images and EDS elemental analyses showed architectural variation and heterogeneous composition of FS at different places. TGA identified the 50% minerals, 33% organic matters and 17% moisture and volatile components. FI-IR evidenced considerable absorption of acid dyes. Process optimization revealed that additives and fine pulverized FS had significant positive and negative impact on the dye removal efficacy, respectively. Temperature and stirring improved dye removal efficiency, and dye absorption by FS was very fast at the beginning and became almost constant after an hour indicating saturation of absorption. The maximum dye absorptions in scales for AR1, AB45, and AY127 were noted as 1.8, 2.7 and 3.4 mg/g, respectively, and removal percentages were 63.5%, 89.3% and 93%. The effects of the process parameters were consistent across all three acid dyes used in this study. Two-way ANOVA model showed that dye type, process parameters and ‘dye type X process parameters’ interactions had significant effect on the dye removal efficiency.
93004761
Characterization of Oreochromis niloticus fish scales and assessment of their potential on the adsorption of reactive blue 5G dye
Abstract In this work, the physicochemical and morphological characterization of fish scales and an evaluation of their adsorption of reactive blue 5G (RB5G) dye were performed. The analysis of N2 physisorption, pHZPC, SEM–EDX, XRD and FTIR was carried out. Adsorption experiments were performed in batch and closed system. From N2 physisorption studies, we obtained values of the specific surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter as 2.6 m2 g−1, 0.003 cm3 g−1 and 20.6 A, respectively. The pHZPC was estimated as 7.6. The presence of hydroxyapatite and collagen fibres in the structure of the scales was observed in SEM–EDX, XRD and FTIR results. Furthermore, leaching of mineral phase mainly occurs during the adsorption process in acid medium (pH 2), although, in neutral and alkaline media (pH 7 and 10), it is less pronounced. The FTIR spectra indicate that the amides functional groups from collagen structure are responsible for RB5G dye adsorption. Comparing the RB5G dye uptake at different initial pH values (2, 7, 10), a higher capacity was achieved in acidic medium. The equilibrium adsorption data of RB5G dye at pH 2 showed a maximum capacity of 241.20 mg g−1 with fast kinetics.
8384035
Assessment of fish scales waste as a low cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for removal of an azo dye: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies.
In this study, AB113 dye was successfully sequestered using a novel adsorbent made of mixed fish scales (MFS). The influence of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, temperature, initial concentration and contact time on the adsorption performance was investigated. The surface chemistry and morphology of the adsorbent were examined by FTIR, TGA and SEM. Amides, phosphate and carbonate groups were evidently responsible for the high affinity of MFS towards the dye. The adsorption equilibrium and kinetic were well described by Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities of MFS were 145.3-157.3mg/g at 30-50°C. The adsorption of AB113 dye onto the adsorbent was exothermic and spontaneous as reflected by the negative enthalpy and Gibbs energy changes. The results support MFS asa potential adsorbent for AB113 dye removal.
43458208
Coloration of polyester fiber with natural dye henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) without using mordant: a new approach towards a cleaner production
The demand of natural colorants for the dyeing of textile fibers has been increasing gradually in recent years due to a growing global ecological awareness as well as a greater emphasis on a cleaner and greener production process. The eco-friendly dyeing of polyester fiber with natural dye henna is a novel approach that has extensively been studied in this article. To this end, the dyeing of polyester fiber with henna dye was conducted at different temperatures without using hazardous metallic mordants. Then the dyeing performance was investigated in terms of depth of shade measurement, analysis of colorimetric properties of color and assessment of color fastness properties of henna dyed polyester fabric samples. The amount of dye absorption by fiber and the resulting depth of shade were found to increase with increasing dyeing temperature. In case of colorfastness properties, all dyed substrates demonstrated excellent fastness ratings against washing, rubbing and perspiration with little to no deterioration of color. Moreover, the detailed morphological study revealed that surface structure of fiber remained unchanged after dyeing at an elevated temperature and pressure. So, the findings suggest that dyeing of polyester fiber with henna dye without any metallic mordants is a promising approach to get the desired dyeing performance alongside opening up an avenue for eco-friendly dyeing.
95302322
Adsorption of Ponceau 4R from aqueous solutions using alkali boiled Tilapia fish scales
Tilapia fish scale, which facilitates both surface adsorption by hydroxyapatite and electrostatic interaction by collagen after boiling in alkaline environment, was used to prepare an adsorbent for the removal of the hazardous azo dye, Ponceau 4R. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by SEM, FT-IR and physical adsorption studies. Adsorption of Ponceau 4R by the prepared adsorbent was achieved under different initial Ponceau 4R concentrations, fish scale adsorbent doses, temperatures and pH conditions. The Freundlich isotherm model represented the experimental data very well. Kinetic studies indicated that the adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of the fish scale adsorbent was 134.40 mg g−1. The adsorption thermodynamics study indicated that the adsorption process was a spontaneous and exothermic process.
100851011
Adsorption of Acid Blue 121 dye on fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) scales, the extracted from fish scales and commercial hydroxyapatite: equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic, and characterization studies
AbstractIn this study, the adsorption of Acid Blue 121 (AB 121) on fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) scales (FS), extracted hydroxyapatite from FS (FHAp), low-cost, and environment-friendly adsorbent, and commercial hydroxyapatite (CHAp) was investigated in a batch system as a function of contact time, initial dye concentration, initial pH, adsorbent concentration, and temperature. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models were applied to the experimental equilibrium data and it was found that the experimental equilibrium data of AB 121 adsorption fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. The monolayer coverage capacities of FS and CHAp for AB 121 adsorption were found as 300.7 and 291.5 mg/g, respectively. It was observed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model could be used for the prediction of studied adsorption processes kinetics. Both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion contribute to the rate-limiting mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters showed that AB 121 a...
96545330
The effect of water on the thermal transitions of fish scales from Arapaima Gigas
Abstract Fish scales are collagen based structures that display interesting mechanical properties, particularly in the wet state. In this paper we study the effect of water content on the thermal transitions of scales from the Amazonian fish Arapaima Gigas by means of Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) tests. The endothermic peaks found are discussed and the results are compared with previous studies of other collagen based structures. The peaks observed were found to depend on the water content of the samples. The role of water on the thermal stability of fish scales is discussed. The peak temperature related to the denaturation of collagen was found to increase with increasing water content. Hence, samples with higher water content were more thermally stable than samples with lower water content. This tendency is contradictory with regard to that observed on other collagen based structures such as bones and tendons.
94076050
A highly efficient adsorbent synthesized by reactive depositions of chitosan layers on fish scale collagen—Hydrodynamic swelling and dichlorophenol derivative sorption evaluated by continuous long-term solution microcalorimetry
Abstract In this work, a new adsorbent material (ADS) was synthesized by immobilization of chitosan layers on fish scale fibrillar collagen in sequential reactions. Characterization of ADS has performed by FTIR, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, TG/DTG and solid-state UV–vis reflectance spectroscopy. The characterization results have pointed that the chemically immobilized chitosan layers present stable adhesion on the collagenous matrix. The interaction of ADS with a dichlorophenol derivative (DCP) was studied by long-term solution microcalorimetry under isothermal conditions. The exothermic low value of the heat of swelling of ADS has related to the low value of the swelling entropy caused by the chemically immobilized chitosan layers on ADS. The energies of DCP sorption were from −2.41 to −4.31 J g−1 and the DCP sorption enthalpies were slightly exothermic. The maximum sorption capacity observed for DCP on ADS (45.7 mmol g−1 or about 12,100 mg g−1) is highly superior in relation to literature reports. The calorimetric results have suggested that diffusional transport is the main interaction mechanism at ADS/DCP interfaces. The present work underlines the excellent features of the new chitosan-based adsorbent for use in phenol sorption applications.
19329306
Application of calcined waste fish (Labeo rohita) scale as low-cost heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel synthesis.
This paper explores the feasibility of converting waste Rohu fish (Labeo rohita) scale into a high-performance, reusable, low-cost heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that a significant portion of the main component of fish scale i.e. HAP (hydroxyapatite) could be transformed into β-tri-calcium phosphate when calcined above 900°C for 2 h. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) morphology studies of the calcined scale depicted a fibrous layer of porous structure; while a BET surface area of 39 m(2)/g was measured. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the optimal parametric conditions viz. methanol/oil molar ratio, 6.27:1, calcination temperature, 997.42°C and catalyst concentration, 1.01 wt.% of oil corresponding to a maximum FAME yield of 97.73%. Reusability results confirmed that the prepared catalyst could be reemployed up to six times, procreating a potentially applicable avenue in biodiesel synthesis.
99023975
Mesoporous carbonaceous material from fish scales as low-cost adsorbent for reactive orange 16 adsorption
Abstract This work investigates the possibility of utilizing carbonized fish ( Labeo rohita ) scales (CFS) as low-cost materials for the adsorption of reactive orange 16 dye (RO16) through batch processing. The textural and morphological characteristics of CFS were evaluated which showed mesoporous structure with BET surface area of 213.82 m 2 /g and average pore diameter of 5.116 nm. The effects of initial RO16 concentration (25–400 mg/l), solution pH (3–13), and temperature (30–50 °C) on the adsorption efficiency of the prepared CFS were demonstrated. The equilibrium isotherm data were best correlated using the Freundlich equation. The prepared CFS exhibited maximum adsorption capacities of 105.8, 107.2, and 114.2 mg/g at 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C, respectively. The pseudo-second-order model well represented the adsorption kinetics. The prepared CFS had a high adsorption capacity for RO16 and could be utilized effectively for the removal of reactive dyes from wastewater.
102786275
High-surface-area and nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon material from fishery waste for effective adsorption of methylene blue
Abstract A high quality nitrogen-rich mesoporous carbon material (FSAC) was prepared from carbonized fishery waste through chemical activation using NaOH. The obtained material had a high surface area of 1867 m 2 /g, pore size of 2.5 nm and mesopore volume of 0.38 cm 3 /g. The adsorption efficiency of FSAC was examined for methylene blue (MB) removal from aqueous solution in batch method. The effects of initial concentration of dye (25–400 mg/L), temperature (30–50 °C) and pH (3 − 11) on the adsorption of MB on FSAC were studied. Evaluation of MB uptake by FSAC revealed that Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order adsorption model adequately described the experimental data. The FSAC spontaneous and endothermic MB uptake at 30 °C gave high adsorption capacity of 184.40 mg/g. These results show that FSAC can be used as an efficient and low cost adsorbent for cationic dye removal.
95139627
Fish (Labeo rohita) Scales as Potential Low-Cost Biosorbent for Removal of Malachite Green from Aqueous Solutions
ABSTRACT The feasibility of using fish (Labeo rohita) scales as low-cost biosorbent for the removal of hazardous Malachite Green (MG) dye from aqueous solutions was investigated. Employing a batch experimental setup, the effect of operational parameters such as biosorbent dose, initial solution pH, contact time, and temperature on the dye removal process was studied. The equilibrium biosorption data followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, whereas the experimental kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic study indicated spontaneous and endothermic nature of the biosorption process. The results suggest that fish scales could be used as an effective biosorbent for removal of MG dye from aqueous solutions.
97101506
Adsorption of acid yellow dye on flakes of chitosan prepared from fishery wastes
Abstract Chitosan flakes, extracted from prawns and labeo rohita scales, with high adsorption capacity were prepared after chemical treatment and were used to remove acid yellow dye from water. The results showed that adsorption capacity is dependent on pH, initial concentration of dye, BET, Langmuir surface area and pore volume of the adsorbent. In acidic conditions, the polymer amino groups were protonated (positively charged polymer chain), which showed attraction with negative ions of anionic dye. Chitosan from prawns scales showed higher dye adsorption under the same experimental conditions. Adsorption isotherms were developed and equilibrium data fitted well to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.
13103672
Effect of solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature on adsorption behavior of reactive dyes on activated carbon
The adsorption behavior of C.I. Reactive Blue 2, C.I. Reactive Red 4, and C.I. Reactive Yellow 2 from aqueous solution onto activated carbon was investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon for reactive dyes was found to be relatively high. At pH 7.0 and 298 K, the maximum adsorption capacity for C.I. Reactive Blue 2, C.I. Reactive Yellow 2 and C.I. Reactive Red 4 dyes was found to be 0.27, 0.24, and 0.11 mmol/g, respectively. The shape of the adsorption isotherms indicated an L2-type isotherm according to the Giles and Smith classification. The experimental adsorption data showed good correlation with the Langmuir and Ferundlich isotherm models. Further analysis indicated that the formation of a complete monolayer was not achieved, with the fraction of surface coverage found to be 0.45, 0.42, and 0.22 for C.I. Reactive Blue 2, C.I. Reactive Yellow 2 and C.I. Reactive Red 4 dyes, respectively. Experimental data indicated that the adsorption capacity of activated carbon for the dyes was higher in acidic rather than in basic solutions, and further indicated that the removal of dye increased with increase in the ionic strength of solution, this was attributed to aggregation of reactive dyes in solution. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption of reactive dyes onto activated carbon was an endothermic process. The adsorption enthalpy (DHads) for C.I. Reactive Blue 2 and C.I. Reactive Yellow 2 dyes were calculated at 42.2 and 36.2 kJ/mol, respectively. The negative values of free energy (DGads) determined for these systems indicated that adsorption of reactive dyes was spontaneous at the temperatures under investigation (298e328 K). 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
128508423
Adsorption of dyes using different types of clay: a review
Increasing amount of dyes in the ecosystem particularly in wastewater has propelled the search for more efficient low-cost adsorbents. The effective use of the sorption properties (high surface area and surface chemistry, lack of toxicity and potential for ion exchange) of different clays as adsorbents for the removal of different type of dyes (basic, acidic, reactive) from water and wastewater as potential alternatives to activated carbons has recently received widespread attention because of the environmental-friendly nature of clay materials. Insights into the efficiencies of raw and modified/activated clay adsorbents and ways of improving their efficiencies to obtain better results are discussed. Acid-modified clay resulted in higher rate of dye adsorption and an increased surface area and porosity (49.05 mm2 and 53.4 %). Base-modified clay has lower adsorption capacities, while ZnCl2-modified clay had the least rate of adsorption with a surface area of 44.3 mm2 and porosity of 43.4 %. This review also explores the grey areas of the adsorption properties of the raw clays and the improved performance of activated/modified clay materials with particular reference to the effects of pH, temperature, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption capacities of the clays. Various challenges encountered in using clay materials are highlighted and a number of future prospects for the adsorbents are proposed.
96815752
Adsorption of textile dyes on alumina. equilibrium studies and contact time effects
The use of nonconventional adsorbents, particularly those that can be easily regenerated, to replace activated carbon in the removal of color from dye wastewaters has been recently proposed. This work shows a thermodynamic and kinetic study of the adsorption of reactive dyes (yellow monochlorotriazine and yellow dichlorotriazine), in liquid phase, on commercial alumina. The basic thermodynamic data were obtained using the static method, with a thermostatic bath at four different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60oC) and different pH values. The kinetic data were obtained by adding a known quantity of adsorbent to a dye solution at a constant temperature and under controlled stirring conditions. It was possible to draw the uptake curves, using the effects of the stirring on the adsorption rate. The intraparticle effective diffusivity was estimated using the film and pore diffusion model. The results were compared with the data obtained using a commercial activated carbon.