In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of the suburbicarian dioceses, while still being incardinated in a diocese other than that of Rome.[citation needed] 

The term cardinal at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief". The term was applied in this sense as early as the ninth century to the priests of the tituli (parishes) of the diocese of Rome. The Church of England retains an instance of this origin of the title, which is held by the two senior members of the College of Minor Canons of St Paul's Cathedral.
WHo is the leader of this religion?
How does he get the job?
WHat are some of the other titles in the religion?
Like the bird?
WHy the name then?
WHen this this term come into use?
Are only Roman residents allowed to be one?
Was that always true?
WHen did the rule change?
Did they get any added responsibilities then?
Were they all assigned only one church or more?
pope
pope
Elected
 electing 
cardinal
cardinal
No
based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief"
based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief"
based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief"
the ninth century
the ninth century
No
appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome 
No
 In the 12th century
the 12th century
the 12th century
unknown
unknown
One
each of them assigned a church