The Observer is a British newspaper published on Sundays. In the same place on the political spectrum as its sister papers "the Guardian" and the "Guardian Weekly", whose parent company Guardian Media Group Limited acquired it in 1993, it takes a social liberal or social democratic line on most issues. First published in 1791, it is the world's oldest Sunday newspaper. 

The first issue, published on 4 December 1791 by W.S. Bourne, was the world's first Sunday newspaper. Believing that the paper would be a means of wealth, Bourne instead soon found himself facing debts of nearly £1,600. Though early editions purported editorial independence, Bourne attempted to cut his losses and sell the title to the government. When this failed, Bourne's brother (a wealthy businessman) made an offer to the government, which also refused to buy the paper but agreed to subsidise it in return for influence over its editorial content. As a result, the paper soon took a strong line against radicals such as Thomas Paine, Francis Burdett and Joseph Priestley. 

In 1807, the brothers decided to relinquish editorial control, naming Lewis Doxat as the new editor. Seven years later, the brothers sold "The Observer" to William Innell Clement, a newspaper proprietor who owned a number of publications. The paper continued to receive government subsidies during this period; in 1819, of the approximately 23,000 copies of the paper distributed weekly, approximately 10,000 were given away as "specimen copies", distributed by postmen who were paid to deliver them to "lawyers, doctors, and gentlemen of the town." Yet the paper began to demonstrate a more independent editorial stance, criticising the authorities' handling of the events surrounding the Peterloo Massacre and defying an 1820 court order against publishing details of the trial of the Cato Street Conspirators, who were alleged to have plotted to murder members of the Cabinet. The woodcut pictures published of the stable and hayloft where the conspirators were arrested reflected a new stage of illustrated journalism that the newspaper pioneered during this time.
What is The Observer?
When is it published?
Is it affiliated with other papers?
Which ones?
Are they run by the same company?
What company?
When was it first published?
What political stance does it take?
Who first published it?
Did it do well?
What did he do?
Did they successfully sell it?
What did he do then?
How did this affect the paper?
Did the brothers remain editors?
Who became editor?
Was the paper then sold?
To whom?
Did it sell better under his control?
Who was their target audience?
a British newspaper
he Observer is a British newspaper
on Sundays
newspaper published on Sundays
yes
 sister papers "the Guardian" and the "Guardian Weekly",
"the Guardian" and the "Guardian Weekly"
its sister papers "the Guardian" and the "Guardian Weekly"
yes
whose parent company Guardian Media Group 
Guardian Media Group Limited
parent company Guardian Media Group Limited
4 December 1791
The first issue, published on 4 December 179
social liberal or social democratic
it takes a social liberal or social democratic line
W.S. Bourne
 by W.S. Bourne
no
Bourne instead soon found himself facing debts of nearly £1,600
attempted to sell the title to the government
Bourne attempted to cut his losses and sell the title to the government
no
 When this failed, Bourne's brother (a wealthy businessman) made an offer to the government, which also refused to buy the paper but agreed to subsidise it in return
Bourne's brother made an offer to the government
When this failed, Bourne's brother (a wealthy businessman) made an offer to the governmen
the paper  took a strong line against radicals
he paper soon took a strong line against radicals 
no
In 1807, the brothers decided to relinquish editorial control,
Lewis Doxat
 naming Lewis Doxat as the new editor
yes
Seven years later, the brothers sold "The Observer" to William Innell Clement,
William Innell Clement
 sold "The Observer" to William Innell Clement
no
10,000 were given away as "specimen copies
lawyers, doctors, and gentlemen of the town
 deliver them to "lawyers, doctors, and gentlemen of the town