London i/ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south eastern part of the island of Great Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries and in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England. Since at least the 19th century, the term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms Greater London,[note 1] a region of England governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.[note 2] The conurbation also covers two English counties: the small district of the City of London and the county of Greater London. The latter constitutes the vast majority of London, though historically it was split between Middlesex (a now abolished county), Essex, Surrey, Kent and Hertfordshire.
What was London called originally?
Who founded it?
What's the small, central part called?
What's the name of that area?
How big is it?
Have the borders of the City of  changed a lot in the last few centuries?
What else is called by that city name?
What is that and the central area called when considered together?
Who rules it?
What landmass is it on?
Londinium
 It was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium
The Romans
It was founded by the Romans
London's ancient core
London's ancient core,
The City of London
London's ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries 
Small
 in 2011 had a resident population of 7,375, making it the smallest city in England
No
the City of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile (2.9 km2) medieval boundaries a
The metropolis developed around this core.
term London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. 
Greater London
The bulk of this conurbation forms Greater London
The Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
a region of England governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
The island of Great Britain
Standing on the River Thames in the south eastern part of the island of Great Britain