In Judaism, a rabbi is a teacher of Torah. This title derives from the Hebrew word ' , meaning "My Master" (irregular plural ' ), which is the way a student would address a master of Torah. The word "master" "" literally means "great one". 

The basic form of the rabbi developed in the Pharisaic and Talmudic era, when learned teachers assembled to codify Judaism's written and oral laws. The first sage for whom the Mishnah uses the title of rabbi was Yohanan ben Zakkai, active in the early to mid first century CE. In more recent centuries, the duties of a rabbi became increasingly influenced by the duties of the Protestant Christian minister, hence the title "pulpit rabbis", and in 19th-century Germany and the United States rabbinic activities including sermons, pastoral counseling, and representing the community to the outside, all increased in importance. 

Within the various Jewish denominations there are different requirements for rabbinic ordination, and differences in opinion regarding who is to be recognized as a rabbi. For example, Orthodox Judaism does not ordain women as rabbis, but other movements have chosen to do so for halakhic reasons (Conservative Judaism) as well as ethical reasons (Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism).
What religious is this about?
What is a teacher of this religion called?
Do all variations use the exact same method of choosing them?
Can a woman be one?
Which ones?
For what purposes?
What version says no to a woman doing it?
What exactly do they teach?
What does the name mean?
What time period did they develop?
What was the name of the first one?
When was this?
What influences the more recent ones?
What name were they given?
In what time frame are the most recent ones referenced?
And in what countries during this time?
What sort of activity do they engage in?
Anything else?
Have these services become more or less important?
What does the term that students would call the educator mean in literal terms?
Judaism.
Judaism
A rabbi.
 a rabbi is a teacher
No.
 there are different requirements for rabbinic ordination
Yes.
Orthodox Judaism does not ordain women as rabbis, but other movements have chosen to do so
Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist.
(Conservative Judaism) as well as ethical reasons (Reform and Reconstructionist Judaism).
For halakhic reasons.
for halakhic reasons
Orthodox Judaism.
 Orthodox Judaism does not ordain women as rabbis
Torah.
Torah
"My Master."
meaning "My Master" 
The Pharisaic and Talmudic era.
the Pharisaic and Talmudic era, 
Yohanan ben Zakkai.
Yohanan ben Zakkai
The early to mid first century CE.
the early to mid first century CE.
The duties of the Protestant Christian minister.
the duties of the Protestant Christian minister
"Pulpit rabbis."
"pulpit rabbis"
19th-century.
19th-century
Germany and the United States.
 Germany and the United States 
Sermons.
sermons
Pastoral counseling.
pastoral counseling,
More.
all increased in importance. 
"Great one".
 "great one".