Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated /1e6 round 1 million inhabitants , it is the world's 14th-most-populous country, and the ninth-most-populous Asian country. Vietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast. Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976, with Ho Chi Minh City as a historical city as well. 

The northern part of Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, from 111 BC to AD 939. An independent Vietnamese state was formed in 939, following a Vietnamese victory in the Battle of Bạch Đằng River. Successive Vietnamese imperial dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. 

Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War, eventually expelling the French in 1954. Thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North Vietnam (officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and South Vietnam (officially the Republic of Vietnam). Conflict between the two sides intensified in what is known as the Vietnam War, with heavy intervention by the United States on the side of South Vietnam from 1965 to 1973. The war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
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China
The northern part of Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, from 111 BC to AD 939.
from 111 BC to AD 939
The northern part of Vietnam was part of Imperial China for over a millennium, from 111 BC to AD 939.
the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam
North Vietnam
The war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
in 1975
The war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
after 1954

Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War, eventually expelling the French in 1954. Thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North Vietnam (officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and South Vietnam (officially the Republic of Vietnam).
between North and South
Thereafter, Vietnam was divided politically into two rival states, North Vietnam (officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam), and South Vietnam (officially the Republic of Vietnam).
in Southeast Asia
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia
the world's 14th-most-populous country
 it is the world's 14th-most-populous country,
the ninth-most-populous
and the ninth-most-populous Asian country.
939
An independent Vietnamese state was formed in 939
in the mid-19th century
until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. 
the French
until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century
the Japanese
Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s,
six
ietnam is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, Thailand across the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest, and the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia across the South China Sea to the east and southeast.
eight
Conflict between the two sides intensified in what is known as the Vietnam War, with heavy intervention by the United States on the side of South Vietnam from 1965 to 1973. 
1965 to 1973
 Conflict between the two sides intensified in what is known as the Vietnam War, with heavy intervention by the United States on the side of South Vietnam from 1965 to 1973.
1975
The war ended with a North Vietnamese victory in 1975.
Hanoi
 Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976
Ho Chi Minh City
 Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976, with Ho Chi Minh City as a historical city as well. 
