Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (; 18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, historian, writer, social critic, political activist and Nobel laureate. At various points in his life he considered himself a liberal, a socialist, and a pacifist, but he also admitted that he had "never been any of these things, in any profound sense". He was born in Monmouthshire into one of the most prominent aristocratic families in the United Kingdom. 

In the early 20th century, Russell led the British "revolt against idealism". He is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy along with his predecessor Gottlob Frege, colleague G. E. Moore, and protégé Ludwig Wittgenstein. He is widely held to be one of the 20th century's premier logicians. With A. N. Whitehead he wrote "Principia Mathematica", an attempt to create a logical basis for mathematics. His philosophical essay "On Denoting" has been considered a "paradigm of philosophy". His work has had a considerable influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, linguistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science (see type theory and type system), and philosophy, especially the philosophy of language, epistemology, and metaphysics. 

Russell was a prominent anti-war activist; he championed anti-imperialism. Occasionally, he advocated preventive nuclear war, before the opportunity provided by the atomic monopoly had passed, and "welcomed with enthusiasm" world government. He went to prison for his pacifism during World War I. Later, he concluded war against Adolf Hitler was a necessary "lesser of two evils". He criticized Stalinist totalitarianism, attacked the involvement of the United States in the Vietnam War, and was an outspoken proponent of nuclear disarmament. In 1950 Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature "in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought".
what was his philosophical essay considered?
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why?
when?
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what town?
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which?
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a "paradigm of philosophy".
His philosophical essay "On Denoting" has been considered a "paradigm of philosophy".
yes
Russell was a prominent anti-war activist;
analytic philosophy
 He is considered one of the founders of analytic philosophy
18 May 1872
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (; 18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) 
yes
He went to prison for his pacifism during World War I.
pacifism
He went to prison for his pacifism during World War I.
during World War I
He went to prison for his pacifism during World War I.
anti-imperialism
Russell was a prominent anti-war activist; he championed anti-imperialism
it was a necessary "lesser of two evils"
Later, he concluded war against Adolf Hitler was a necessary "lesser of two evils"
Great Britain
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (; 18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher
Monmouthshire
 He was born in Monmouthshire
yes
In 1950 Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature 
the Nobel Prize
 In 1950 Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature
Literature
 In 1950 Russell was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature
A. N. Whitehead
With A. N. Whitehead he wrote "Principia Mathematica"
"Principia Mathematica"
With A. N. Whitehead he wrote "Principia Mathematica"
logical basis for mathematics
With A. N. Whitehead he wrote "Principia Mathematica", an attempt to create a logical basis for mathematics
preventive nuclear war
he advocated preventive nuclear war
2 February 1970
Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (; 18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970
yes
His work has had a considerable influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, linguistics, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science (see type theory and type system), and philosophy,