Tonga ( or ; Tongan: "Puleʻanga Fakatuʻi ʻo Tonga"), officially the Kingdom of Tonga, is a Polynesian sovereign state and archipelago comprising 169 islands, of which 36 are inhabited. The total surface area is about scattered over of the southern Pacific Ocean. It has a population of 103,000 people, of whom 70% reside on the main island of Tongatapu. 

Tonga stretches across approximately in a north-south line. It is surrounded by Fiji and Wallis and Futuna (France) to the northwest, Samoa to the northeast, Niue to the east, Kermadec (part of New Zealand) to the southwest, and New Caledonia (France) and Vanuatu to the farther west. 

Tonga became known in the West as the Friendly Islands because of the congenial reception accorded to Captain James Cook on his first visit in 1773. He arrived at the time of the "ʻinasi" festival, the yearly donation of the First Fruits to the Tuʻi Tonga (the islands' paramount chief) and so received an invitation to the festivities. According to the writer William Mariner, the chiefs wanted to kill Cook during the gathering but could not agree on a plan. 

From 1900 to 1970, Tonga had British protected state status, with the United Kingdom looking after its foreign affairs under a Treaty of Friendship. The country never relinquished its sovereignty to any foreign power. In 2010, Tonga took a decisive path towards becoming a constitutional monarchy rather than a traditional absolute kingdom, after legislative reforms passed a course for the first partial representative elections.
What has a nickname that sounds like a nice place?
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When was this?
Was there a party when he showed up?
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Were they planning to murder him?
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Says whom?
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Did any other place ever control them?
Are there a lot of islands there?
How many?
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How many are occupied?
How many total folks live there?
Most live where?
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Does it have a constitution?
Tonga
Tonga became known in the West as the Friendly Islands
the Friendly Islands
Tonga became known in the West as the Friendly Islands 
because of the congenial reception accorded to Captain James Cook
the Friendly Islands because of the congenial reception accorded to Captain James Cook
in 1773
Captain James Cook on his first visit in 1773
yes
He arrived at the time of the "ʻinasi" festival
the "ʻinasi" festival
He arrived at the time of the "ʻinasi" festival
yes
the chiefs wanted to kill Cook
they could not agree on a plan
the chiefs wanted to kill Cook during the gathering but could not agree on a plan
William Mariner
According to the writer William Mariner
70 years
From 1900 to 1970, Tonga had British protected state status
no
The country never relinquished its sovereignty to any foreign power
yes
comprising 169 islands
169
comprising 169 islands
no
of which 36 are inhabited
36
of which 36 are inhabited
103,000
 It has a population of 103,000 people
Tongatapu
 70% reside on the main island of Tongatapu
Samoa
Samoa to the northeast
Niue
Niue to the east
yes
Tonga took a decisive path towards becoming a constitutional monarchy