International Institute for Sustainable Development: Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform, Clean Energy Transition + Secretariat for Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance Subsidies continue to support fossil fuel use in countries around the world, increasing demand and holding back the take-up of clean energy – renewable energy and energy efficiency. But the reform of subsidies – along with increased carbon or energy taxation of fossil fuels – can yield significant extra public finance. Public money from subsidy reform or increased fossil fuel taxation can be used to leverage the private sector investment in clean energy vital to this scale-up. The project has three outcomes 1) National and international reform of Fossil Fuel and Electricity Subsidies, including through the Friends of Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform Group; 2) National and international support mobilized for efficient pricing and taxation of fossil fuels; 3) Fossil fuel subsidy Swaps and private sector investmnet promoted, with a focus on transition to clean energy in emerging economies.