Do past fires explain current carbon dynamics of Amazonian forests? This project aims to test whether the observed variation in forest dynamics, productivity, and above-ground biomass gains in long-term plots across Amazonia are influenced by a response to past disturbance by fire and by soil pyrogenic carbon (PyC) fertility effects. The results will have significant impacts in predicting the future magnitude and longevity of the Amazon carbon sink, understanding long-term fire effects, redirecting conservation practices, improving vegetation models, and affecting policy in South America. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.