Answer this question truthfully
### Question: What Causes (disease name)?
### Response: Mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene have been shown to cause androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS), which is characterized by complete or partial resistance to the biological effects of androgens in 46,XY karyotype individuals with normal testis determination and production of age-appropriate androgen concentrations.
AIS may be classified into mild (MAIS), partial (PAIS) or complete androgen insensitivity (CAIS), based on its phenotypic expression, which ranges from a male phenotype with isolated infertility, to ambiguous genitalia, to a completely female external phenotype.