As the deadline stipulated in Part XVII of the Constitution for switching to हिंदी as primary official language approached, the Central Government stepped up its efforts to spread हिंदी's official usage. In 1960, compulsory training for हिंदी typing and stenography was started. The same year, India's president Rajendra Prasad acted on the Pant Committee's recommendations and issued orders for preparation of हिंदी glossaries, translating procedural literature and legal codes to हिंदी, imparting हिंदी education to government employees and other efforts for propagating हिंदी.

To give legal status to Nehru's assurance of 1959, the was passed in 1963. In Nehru's own words :
This is a Bill, in continuation of what has happened in the past, to remove a restriction which had been placed by the Constitution on the use of इंग्रजी after a certain date i.e. 1965. It is just to remove that restriction that this is placed.

The bill was introduced in Parliament on 21 January 1963. Opposition to the Bill came from DMK members who objected to the usage of the word "may" instead of "shall" in section 3 of the bill ("the इंग्रजी language may, as from the appointed day, continue to be used in addition to हिंदी"). DMK 's argument was that the term "may" could be interpreted as "may not" by future administrations. They feared that minority opinion will not be considered and non हिंदी speakers' views would be ignored. On 22 April, Nehru assured the parliamentarians that, for that particular case "may" had the same meaning as "shall". The DMK then demanded, if that was the case why "shall" was not used instead of "may". Leading the opposition to the bill was Annadurai (then a Member of the Rajya Sabha). He pleaded for the indefinite continuation of the "status quo". He argued for the continuation of इंग्रजी as official Language as it "distributes advantages or disadvantages evenly". The Bill was passed on 27 April without any change in the wording. As he had warned earlier, Annadurai launched state wide protests against हिंदी. In November 1963, Annadurai was arrested along with 500 DMK members for burning part XVII of the Constitution at an हिंदी-विरोधी Conference.

Nehru died in May 1964 and Lal Bahadur Shastri became Prime Minister of India. Shastri and his senior cabinet members Morarji Desai and Gulzari Lal Nanda were strong supporters of हिंदी being the sole official language. This increased the apprehension that Nehru's assurances of 1959 and 1963 will not be kept despite Shastri's assurances to the contrary. Concerns over the preference of हिंदी in central government Jobs, civil service examinations and the fear that इंग्रजी will be replaced with हिंदी as medium of instruction brought students into the हिंदी-विरोधी Agitation camp in large numbers. On 7 March 1964, the chief minister of Madras State, M. Bhaktavatsalam at a session of the Madras Legislative Assembly recommended the introduction of Three-language formula (इंग्रजी, हिंदी and Tamil) in the state. Apprehension over the Three-language formula increased student support for the हिंदी-विरोधी cause

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