Vowels are presented in their independent form on the left of each column, and combined with the corresponding consonant "ka" on the right. An asterisk indicates that the letter or ligature exists, but has not been encoded in unicode or is archaic/obsolete.

The actual slightly depends from language to language. So it has been mentioned within slashes in the respective language columns, wherever it is different from the Hindi phoneme, which is the IPA value in the IPA column.




Nasalisation
Sounds - ध्वनी
Other Signs
Vowels - स्वर