सध्या दक्षिण भारतात प्रामुख्याने चार राज्यांचा समावेश केला जातो ती म्हणजे आंध्र प्रदेश, कर्नाटक, केरळ आणि तमिळनाडू तसेच पुदुच्चेरी व लक्षद्वीप ह्या केंद्रशासीत प्रदेशांचा देखील समावेश केला जातो. Together with Pondicherry, each South Indian state has an elected state government, while the Lakshadweep islands are centrally administered by the President of India. The modern states of South India were created as a result of the "States Reorganisation Act" (1956), which established states and union territories based on linguistic boundaries. As a result of this act:


१९६८ साली मद्रास राज्याचे नामकरण "तमिळनाडू" असे करण्यात आले तर १९७३ साली म्हैसूर राज्याचे नामकरण "कर्नाटक" असे करण्यात आले.

Each subregion is further divided into districts; the region of South India has over 100 districts. Each state is headed by a Governor, who is a direct appointee of the President of India, while the Chief Minister is the elected head of the state government and represents the states ruling party or coalition (the role of the Governor is largely ceremonial).

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