During 1940-46, there were sporadic agitations against हिंदी by the Dravidar Kazhagam (DK) and Periyar. Whenever the government introduced हिंदी as a compulsory language in schools, हिंदी-विरोधी protests happened and succeeded in stopping the move. The largest हिंदी-विरोधी agitations in this period occurred in 1948-50. After India obtained independence in 1947, the Congress Government at the Centre urged all states to make हिंदी compulsory in schools. The Congress Government of Madras Presidency under Omandur Ramasamy Reddiar complied and made हिंदी compulsory from the academic year 1948-49. It also introduced a minimum mark qualification in हिंदी for the promotion of students to higher standards (grades). Periyar once again launched a हिंदी-विरोधी agitation. The 1948 agitation was supported by former Congress nationalists like M. P. Sivagnanam and Thiru. Vi. Ka, who recanted their earlier pro-हिंदी policies. On 17 July, the DK convened an all party हिंदी-विरोधी conference to oppose the compulsory हिंदी teaching. As in the agitation of 1938-40, this agitation was also characterized by strikes, black flag demonstrations and हिंदी-विरोधी processions. When Rajaji (then the Governor-General of India) visited Madras on 23 August, the DK staged a black flag demonstration protesting against his visit. On 27 August, Periyar and Annadurai were arrested. The Government did not change its position on हिंदी and the agitation continued. On 18 August Periyar and other DK leaders were arrested again. A compromise was reached between the government and agitators. The government stopped the legal action against the agitators and they in turn dropped the agitation on 26 December 1948. Eventually, the government made हिंदी teaching optional from the academic year 1950-51. Students who did not want to learn हिंदी were allowed to participate in other school activities during हिंदी classes.

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"शोकाचा/काळा दिवस"
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