While Locke and Rousseau were concerned only with the education of the children of the wealthy, in the 19th century Leo Tolstoy set up a school for peasant children. This was on his own estate at Yasnaya Polyana, Russia, in the late 19th century. He tells us that the school evolved freely from principles introduced by teachers and pupils; that in spite of the preponderating influence of the teacher, the pupil had always had the right not to come to school, or, having come, not to listen to the teacher, and that the teacher had the right not to admit a pupil, and was able to use all the influence he could muster to win over the community, where the children were always in the majority.

വായനയും എഴുത്തും ഗണിതത്തിലെ കണക്കുകൂട്ടലുകളും
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പ്രായോഗികമായ ജനാധിപത്യ വിദ്യാഭ്യാസരീതി
പത്തൊമ്പതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്