Lua's treatment of functions as first-class values is shown in the following example, where the print function's behavior is modified:

do
end

Any future calls to print will now be routed through the new function, and because of Lua's lexical scoping, the old print function will only be accessible by the new, modified print.

Lua also supports closures, as demonstrated below:

function addto(x)
end
fourplus = addto(4)
print(fourplus(3)) -- Prints 7

A new closure for the variable x is created every time addto is called, so that each new anonymous function returned will always access its own x parameter. The closure is managed by Lua's garbage collector, just like any other object.

Functions
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