The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has begun work on pre-project activities of a human space flight mission program. The objective is to carry a crew of two to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and return them safely to a predefined destination on Earth. The program is proposed to be implemented in defined phases. Currently, the pre-project activities are progressing with a focus on the development of critical technologies for subsystems such as the Crew Module (CM), Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), Crew Escape System, etc. The department has initiated pre-project activities to study technical and managerial issues related to crewed missions. The program envisages the development of a fully autonomous orbital vehicle carrying 2 or 3 crew members to about 300 km low earth orbit and their safe return.

In the Republic of China (Taiwan), an indigenous Taiwanese manned spaceflight program was begun in 1991 to compete with the manned space program of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and is steadily making progress in the innovation and development of the spacecraft, satellite and rocket technology which is currently being designed for both orbital spaceflights around Earth as well as future voyages to the moon and planet Mars by Taiwanese astronauts. As part of this human spaceflight effort, Taiwan's National Space Organization has built numerous rockets and space vehicle prototypes to launch both satellites and Taiwanese astronauts into space. Taiwan has also developed state of the art cutting edge technologies, which only a small number of countries like the United States, France and Germany possess, for spaceflight in indigenous Taiwanese built satellites. Additionally, the Taiwan Lunar Lander Program was initiated in 2016 and is a technological innovation program currently ongoing and in development by Taiwan's National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, which also designed and built the advanced ramjet powered nuclear weapons capable Hsiung Feng III hypersonic missile, to build a cutting edge advanced Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) autonomous lunar lander that is scheduled to be sent to the surface of the moon in the year 2020. The advanced innovative Taiwanese technology developed in this project is designed to be used in preparation for Taiwan's Manned Spaceflight Program's future missions to the moon, planet Mars and asteroids by Taiwanese astronauts.

The United States’ NASA is developing a plan to land humans on Mars by the 2030s. The first step in this mission begins sometime during 2020, when NASA plans to send an unmanned craft into deep space to retrieve an asteroid. The asteroid will be pushed into the moon’s orbit, and studied by astronauts aboard Orion, NASA’s first human spacecraft in a generation. Orion’s crew will return to Earth with samples of the asteroid and their collected data. In addition to broadening America’s space capabilities, this mission will test newly developed technology, such as solar electric propulsion, which uses solar arrays for energy and requires ten times less propellant than the conventional chemical counterpart used for powering space shuttles to orbit.

Several other countries and space agencies have announced and begun human spaceflight programs by their own technology, Japan (JAXA), Iran (ISA) and Malaysia (MNSA).

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