 India census, Sundargarh had a population of 40,943. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Sundargarh has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 69%. In Sundargarh, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. 6.23% of the total area with 43% of its total area under forest. It has a total population of 18,29,412. Tribal people constitute 50.69% of the population and 65.22% of the entire population lives below the poverty line.
Health and sanitation facilities are not adequately developed in this area. There are 45 primary health centres for the entire district and the infant mortality rate is 62 per 1000 live births.
As per 2001 census, total literacy rate is 65.22% with the male literacy rate at 75.69% and female literacy rate at 54.25%. The 1991 census found that the tribal literacy rate stood at 37.34%. 
People are dependent on forest and agriculture for their livelihood. The total area of cultivable land is 3,36,000 hectares with 1.55 hectares as the average size of operational land holding.
The district consists of vast inaccessible forests, river valleys and mountainous terrain. Due to the undulating hilly and sloping landscape, the area is often subject to floods and drought.

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