In this task, you are given a context, a subject, a relation, and many options. Based on the context, from the options select the object entity that has the given relation with the subject. Answer with text (not indexes).
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Question: Context: The Peerage of Ireland is a 19th century creation, and is different from the more ancient native Gaelic peerage used by Irish aristocracy from before the arrival of Christianity. The Gaelic system was disrupted by the English peerage in the early modern period by confiscations deemed illegal in Continental courts at the time. The latter system consists of those titles of nobility created by the English monarchs in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland, or later by monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The English ranks of the Irish peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl, Viscount and Baron, whilst the Irish system uses Gaelic titles, in accordance with a genealogy of the Ard Rí (High King of Ireland) chronicled in numerous ancient manuscripts, including the Annals of the Four Masters. The Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland continues to exercise jurisdiction over its Peerage of Ireland, but not those peers whose titles derive from places located in what is now the Republic of Ireland. Importantly, Article 40.2 of the Irish Constitution forbids conference of titles of nobility by anyone but the Uatarán -- President of the Republic -- and a citizen may not accept titles of nobility or honour except with the prior approval of the Government. Gaelic titles of nobility, amongst the oldest in European history, remain the providence of individual clanna or families. Efforts are underway to accord these system with the laws of the Supreme Court of Ireland in friendly negotiation with English conventions and European law. , Viscount Palmerston was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created on 12 March 1723 for Henry Temple, who subsequently represented East Grinstead, Bossiney and Weobley in the British House of Commons. He was made Baron Temple, of Mount Temple in the County of Sligo, at the same time, also in the Peerage of Ireland. He was succeeded by his grandson, the 2nd Viscount, who represented seven constituencies in the House of Commons and served as a Lord of the Admiralty and Lord of the Treasury. On his death the titles passed to his son, the 3rd Viscount, who became a distinguished politician and served three times as Foreign Secretary and twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. At his death in 1865 the 3rd Viscount was granted a state funeral, the fourth non-royal to be given this honour. Lord Palmerston was childless and the barony and viscountcy became extinct on his death., The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The prime minister (informal abbreviation: PM) and Cabinet (consisting of all the most senior ministers, most of whom are government department heads) are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Monarch, to Parliament, to their political party and ultimately to the electorate. The office is one of the Great Offices of State. The , Theresa May, leader of the Conservative Party, was appointed by the Queen on 13 July 2016., Henry John Temple , 3rd Viscount Palmerston , KG , GCB , PC ( 20 October 1784 -- 18 October 1865 ) was a British statesman who served twice as Prime Minister in the mid- 19th century . Popularly nicknamed `` Pam '' and `` The Mongoose '' , he was in government office almost continuously from 1807 until his death in 1865 , beginning his parliamentary career as a Tory , switching to the Whigs in 1830 , and concluding it as the first Prime Minister of the newly - formed Liberal Party from 1859 . He is best remembered for his direction of British foreign policy through a period when Britain was at the height of its power , serving terms as both Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister , as well as a brief period as Home Secretary . Some of his aggressive actions , now sometimes termed liberal interventionist , were highly controversial at the time , and remain so today . He held these great offices , when his party was in power , over a period of 35 years . He was the only Prime Minister to be over 70 years old at the beginning of his first term and is the most recent and oldest British Prime Minister to die in office . Born the heir to an Irish peerage ( which did not disqualify him from being a member of the House of Commons ) , he accompanied his parents on a two year Grand Tour on the Continent from the age of 8 , before attending Harrow School , the University of Edinburgh ( 1800 -- 1803 ) , and St John 's College , Cambridge ( 1803 -- 1806 ) ; from 1803 he was also a militia officer in the period when an invasion by Napoleon was feared . He succeeded to his father 's title on his death in 1802 . After two false starts in the elections of 1806 , he became a Tory MP for a pocket borough in 1807 , and was made Secretary at War in 1809 , responsible only for the finances of the war , and initially outside the cabinet . He held the job until 1828 , only entering the cabinet in 1827 when George Canning became Prime Minister . Less than a year later he resigned when a growing rift split the Tories . In opposition he switched his focus to foreign policy , and when he returned to office in 1830 it was as Foreign Secretary in a Whig administration ; until 1851 he held the position when the Whigs were in power , dealing with a succession of crises in Europe and beyond . In 1852 he was made Home Secretary in the coalition government of Aberdeen , the Tories having insisted on Russell getting the Foreign Office . He was active in the role , passing various reforms but opposing electoral ones . When public discontent over the Crimean War brought the government down in 1855 , Palmerston was found to be , despite the Queen 's distrust of him , the only Prime Minister who could sustain a majority in Parliament . He had two terms , 1855 -- 1858 and 1859 -- 1865 , before dying in office at almost 81 , a few months after winning a general election with an increased majority ., Subject: henry john temple, Relation: occupation, Options: (A) duke (B) king (C) leader (D) minister (E) nobility (F) politician (G) prime minister (H) secretary (I) united kingdom

Answer: politician


Question: Context: Gasparo Duiffopruggar ( 1514 -- c. 1570 ) is the name given to instrument maker Kaspar Tieffenbrucker . It is believed that Duiffopruggar was born near Füssen in Bavaria , Germany , and had moved to Lyon , France , where he did most of his work , by 1553 . It is believed that he was one of the first to produce the violin in its modern form . Duiffopruggar instruments are rare and tend to be of the viol family . Most instruments bearing his labels are imagined reproductions of his instruments . The best examples come from the workshop of the Parisian violin - maker , Jean - Baptiste Vuillaume . They were made for Vuillaume by Honoré Derazey ( ( 1794 -- 1883 ) ) and sold to the public to supply the demand for older instruments . These instruments can be distinguished from the originals , however , by discrepancies in the labels of the violin , and more importantly , the workmanship and type of the instrument . Because no violin has ever been actually discovered to have been made by Tieffenbrucker , the current belief is that `` Duiffopruggar '' never actually made any violins , but rather that he made almost only lutes and sold different instruments of other makers , and his name was used to sell a brand of commercial instruments made for Vuillaume ., Country music is a genre of United States popular music that originated in the southern United States in the 1920s. It takes its roots from the southeastern genre of United States, such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music), and blues music. Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history. Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, dobros and fiddles as well as harmonicas. According to Lindsey Starnes, the term "country music" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term "hillbilly music"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century. The term "country music" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres. The origins of country music are the folk music of working-class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities. In 2009 country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute in the United States., France, officially the French Republic, is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories. The European, or metropolitan, area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean. Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans. France spans and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017. It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris, the country's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre. Other major urban centres include Marseille, Lyon, Lille, Nice, Toulouse and Bordeaux., The Rhône (; Walliser German: "Rotten"  ) is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising in the Rhône Glacier in the Swiss Alps at the far eastern end of the Swiss canton of Valais, passing through Lake Geneva and running through southeastern France. At Arles, near its mouth on the Mediterranean Sea, the river divides into two branches, known as the Great Rhône (French: "Le Grand Rhône") and the Little Rhône ("Le Petit Rhône"). The resulting delta constitutes the Camargue region., Borders are geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Some borderssuch as a state's internal administrative border, or inter-state borders within the Schengen Areaare often open and completely unguarded. Other borders are partially or fully controlled, and may be crossed legally only at designated border checkpoints and border zones may be controlled. Mostly contentious, borders may even foster the setting up of buffer zones. A difference has also been established in academic scholarship between border and frontier, the latter denoting a state of mind rather than state boundaries., Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy covers an area of and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate; due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as "lo Stivale" (the Boot). With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state., The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar). It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb and/or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand. The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument., Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain, is a sovereign state largely located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, with two large archipelagos, the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea and the Canary Islands off the North African Atlantic coast, two cities Ceuta and Melilla in the North African mainland and several small islands in the Alboran Sea near the Moroccan coast. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and northeast by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is the only European country to have a border with an African country (Morocco) and its African territory accounts for nearly 5% of its population, mostly in the Canary Islands but also in Ceuta and Melilla., The kit violin, dancing master's kit, or kit, is a stringed instrument. It is essentially a very small violin, designed to fit in a pocket  hence its other common name, the pochette (French for "small pocket"). It was used by dance masters in royal courts and other places of nobility, as well as by street musicians until around the 18th century. Occasionally, the rebec was used in the same way. Several are called for (as "violini piccoli alla francese" - small French violins) in Monteverdi's 1607 "Orfeo"., Lyon or (more archaically) Lyons (or  ) is a city in east-central France, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, about from Paris and from Marseille. Inhabitants of the city are called "Lyonnais"., Tieffenbrucker is a large multigenerational family of luthiers, originally from Bavaria, active in Venice and Padua, Italy from the beginning of the 16th century till around 1630. Several of their 16th- and 17th-century lutes are on display at the Lobkowicz Palace in Prague., The violin is a wooden string instrument in the violin family. It is the smallest and highest-pitched instrument in the family in regular use. Smaller violin-type instruments are known, including the violino piccolo and the kit violin, but these are virtually unused in the 2010s. The violin typically has four strings tuned in perfect fifths, and is most commonly played by drawing a bow across its strings, though it can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato). Violins are important instruments in a wide variety of musical genres. They are most prominent in the Western classical tradition and in many varieties of folk music. They are also frequently used in genres of folk including country music and bluegrass music and in jazz. Electric violins are used in some forms of rock music; further, the violin has come to be played in many non-Western music cultures, including Indian music and Iranian music. The violin is sometimes informally called a fiddle, particularly in Irish traditional music and bluegrass, but this nickname is also used regardless of the type of music played on it., Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival. The term originated in the 19th century but is often applied to music that is older than that. Some types of folk music are also called world music. "Traditional folk music" has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, or music performed by custom over a long period of time. It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles., Füssen is a town in Bavaria, Germany, in the district of Ostallgäu, situated north from the Austrian border. It has a population of . The town is known for its violinmaking industry, and as the closest transportation hub for the castles Neuschwanstein and Hohenschwangau., A luthier is someone who builds or repairs string instruments generally consisting of a neck and a sound box. The word "luthier" comes from the French word "luth", which means lute. A luthier was originally a maker of lutes, but the term now includes makers of stringed instruments such as the violin or classical guitar. A luthier does not make harps or pianos, as these require different skills and construction methods because their strings are secured to a frame.
The craft of making string instruments, or lutherie (sometimes spelled luthiery), is commonly divided into two main categories: makers of stringed instruments that are plucked or strummed, and those that are bowed. Since bowed instruments require a bow, the second category includes a subtype known as a bow maker or archetier.
Luthiers may also teach string-instrument making, either through apprenticeship or formal classroom instruction. , Rhône-Alpes (Arpitan: ""; ) is a former administrative region of France. Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the Rhône and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris. Rhône-Alpes has the sixth-largest economy of any European region., Rock music is a genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. It has its roots in 1940s' and 1950s' rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical sources., String instruments, stringed instruments, or chordophones are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when the performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner. , Venice (; ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. It is situated across a group of 117 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by bridges. These are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers. Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork. The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a World Heritage Site., The viol , viola da gamba , or (informally) gamba, is any one of a family of bowed, fretted and stringed instruments that first appeared in Spain in the mid to late 15th century and was most popular in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. Early ancestors include the Arabic "rebab" and the medieval European vielle, but later, more direct possible ancestors include the Venetian "viole" and the 15th- and 16th-century Spanish "vihuela", a 6-course plucked instrument tuned like a lute (and also like a present-day viol) that looked like but was quite distinct from (at that time) the 4-course guitar (an earlier chordophone)., Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression. It emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African American and European American musical parentage with a performance orientation. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation. Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience and styles to the art form as well. Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as "one of America's original art forms"., Subject: gasparo duiffopruggar, Relation: occupation, Options: (A) academic (B) architecture (C) commercial (D) cowboy (E) drawing (F) luthier (G) major (H) master (I) member (J) mountain (K) nobility (L) performer (M) radio (N) sovereign (O) speaker (P) united kingdom

Answer: luthier


Question: Context: Azam Ali is an Iranian American singer and musician. As of 2013, Ali has released eight full-length albums with the bands VAS and Niyaz, as well as four full-length solo albums., Niyaz is an Iranian Canadian musical duo. The group was created in 2004 by DJ, programmer/producer and remixer Carmen Rizzo, vocalist and hammered dulcimer player Azam Ali, formerly of the group Vas, and Ali's husband, Loga Ramin Torkian, of the Iranian crossover group Axiom Of Choice. In 2013, Carmen Rizzo announced via Facebook that he was retiring from Niyaz. "Niyaz" means "yearning" in Persian, Urdu and Turkish., Vas was an alternative world musical group composed of Persian vocalist Azam Ali and American percussionist Greg Ellis . Vas is frequently compared to the Australian band Dead Can Dance . The band released four full - length albums , and both artists have released a few solo albums and participated in side projects . After the group 's last album , Feast of Silence , Ali and Ellis went their own separate ways . Azam Ali was born in Iran and moved to Los Angeles , California , in 1985 , where she began studying the dulcimer - like santur under the guidance of Manoochehr Sadeghi . Greg Ellis was born and raised in Los Gatos , California , where he first learned to play the drums at age twelve . Ellis moved to Los Angeles in 1984 and started work as a percussionist . The two musicians met at UCLA in 1995 after hearing each other perform ; they formed Vas shortly thereafter ., Brendan Michael Perry (born 30 June 1959 in Whitechapel, London) is a singer and multi-instrumentalist best known for his work as the male half of the duo Dead Can Dance with Lisa Gerrard., Lisa Gerrard (born 12 April 1961) is an Australian musician, singer and composer who rose to prominence as part of the music group Dead Can Dance with music partner Brendan Perry., Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia. The name "Melbourne" refers to an urban agglomeration spanning which comprises the broader metropolitan area, as well as being the common name for its city centre. The metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. Melbourne consists of 31 municipalities. It has a population of 4,529,500 , and its inhabitants are called Melburnians., Ian McFarlane (born 1959) is an Australian music journalist, music historian and author, whose best known publication is the "Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop" (1999). As a journalist he started in 1984 with "Juke", a rock music newspaper. During the early 1990s he worked for Roadrunner Records while he published a music guide, "The Australian New Music Record Guide Volume 1: 19761980" (1992). He followed with two fanzines, "Freedom Train" and "Prehistoric Sounds", both issued during 1994 to 1996. McFarlane's "The Encyclopedia of Australian Rock and Pop" is described by the "Australian Music Guide" as "the most exhaustive and wide-ranging encyclopedia of Australian music from the 1950s onwards". Subsequently, he was a writer for "The Australian" and worked for Raven Records, a reissue specialist label, preparing compilations, writing liner notes and providing research. He fulfilled a similar role at Aztec Music from 2004 to March 2012. From July 2013 he has been a contributor to "Addicted to Noise", writing a column., Dead Can Dance is an Australian musical project formed in 1981 in Melbourne by Lisa Gerrard and Brendan Perry. The band relocated to London, England, in May 1982. Australian music historian Ian McFarlane described Dead Can Dance's style as "constructed soundscapes of mesmerising grandeur and solemn beauty; African polyrhythms, Gaelic folk, Gregorian chant, Middle Eastern mantras and art rock.", Subject: vas , Relation: inception, Options: (A) 1 (B) 12 (C) 1959 (D) 1961 (E) 1976 (F) 1980 (G) 1981 (H) 1984 (I) 1996 (J) 2004 (K) 2013 (L) 30 (M) 4 (N) 500 (O) march 2012 (P) may 1982

Answer:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
user
1996


