Based on the information present in the given passage, you need to write a correct answer to the given question. A correct answer is one that correctly and completely answers the question. Do not write answers that address the question partially or incorrectly. The correct answer must be contained in the given paragraph.
--------
Question: Paragraph- Sent 1: Washington The Iraqi government has agreed to let U.S. Rep. Tony Hall visit the country next week to assess a humanitarian crisis that has festered since the Gulf War of 1990, Hall's office said Monday.
Sent 2: The Dayton Democrat, who has traveled to other crisis points including Sierra Leone and North Korea, will spend three days visiting hospitals and other facilities to seek understanding why aid has been ineffective in stemming malnourishment and other medical problems.
Sent 3: Iraq has been under economic sanctions since the war ended, which some say have thwarted the country's ability to recover from the devastation of the bombing campaign.
Sent 4: The Persian Gulf War destroyed much of the country's medical infrastructure, according to a report by the World Health Organization.
Sent 5: In 1996 the WHO found that much of the population existed in a state of ``semi-starvation.''Sent 6: Hall will be only the second member of Congress to travel in Iraq since the war, according to Hall's office.
Sent 7: The last visitor was then-U.S. Rep. Bill Richardson of New Mexico, who went to help a pair of U.S. oilmen in diplomatic trouble.
Sent 8: Hall flies to Amman, Jordan, on Friday, where he'll spend the night before driving to Iraq.
Sent 9: Flights are not permitted into Iraq.
Sent 10: Hall is to return to Washington on April 22.
Sent 11: Story Filed By Cox Newspapers. 
Question: How many U.S members of Congress visited Iraq before Hall?.

Answer: One.


Question: Paragraph- Sent 1: The Glory of Melaka: In the early days, if you were not a pirate or a mosquito, Melaka was not much of a place to live.
Sent 2: The land was infertile, just a swampy plain, the river small and sluggish.
Sent 3: But it had a sheltered harbor, protected from the monsoons by neighboring Sumatra.
Sent 4: Later, the strategic location and deep-water channel close to the coast brought in the bigger vessels of the trade-wind traffic crossing the Indian Ocean.
Sent 5: The first to realize the larger commercial potential, as so often throughout the country's subsequent history, were the Chinese.
Sent 6: In 1409, under a new directive from Emperor Chu Ti to pursue trade in the South Seas and the Indian Ocean, a Chinese fleet of 50 ships headed by Admiral Cheng Ho called in at Melaka.
Sent 7: They made Parameswara an offer he could not refuse: port facilities and an annual financial tribute in exchange for Chinese protection against the marauding Thais.
Sent 8: In 1411, Parameswara took the money to Beijing himself, and the emperor gratefully made him a vassal king.
Sent 9: Twenty years later, the Chinese withdrew again from the South Seas trade.
Sent 10: The new ruler of Melaka, Sri Maharajah, switched his allegiance to the Muslim trading fraternity by marrying into the Muslim faith, wedding the daughter of a sultan in Sumatra.
Sent 11: Islam won its place in Malaya not by conquest — as had been the case in North Africa and Europe — but by trade, dynastic alliances, and peaceful preaching.
Sent 12: Bengali peddlers had already brought the faith to the east coast.
Sent 13: In Melaka and throughout the peninsula, Islam thrived as a strong, male-dominated religion of individuality, offering dynamic leadership and preaching brotherhood and self-reliance — all qualities ideally suited to the coastal trade.
Sent 14: At the same time, Sufi mystics synthesized Islamic teaching with local Malay traditions of animistic magic and charisma, though Islam did not become the state religion until Muzaffar Shah became sultan of Melaka (1446–1459).
Sent 15: But the key figure in the sultanate was Tun Perak, bendahara (prime minister) and military commander.
Sent 16: He expanded Melaka's power along the west coast and down to Singapore and the neighboring Bintan islands.
Sent 17: He also had orang laut pirates patrolling the seas to extort tribute from passing ships.
Sent 18: After Ailied district chiefs had repelled assaults from Thai-controlled armies from Pahang, Tun Perak personally led a famous victory over a Thai fleet off Batu Pahat in 1456. 
Question: Who expanded Melaka's power along the west coast and down to Singapore and the neighboring Bintan islands?.

Answer: Bendahara.


Question: Paragraph- Sent 1:  We were cornered in a sort of way already.
Sent 2: But these butchers up the cavern had been surprised, they were probably scared, and they had no special weapons, only those little hatchets of theirs.
Sent 3: And that way lay escape.
Sent 4: Their sturdy little forms--ever so much shorter and thicker than the mooncalf herds--were scattered up the slope in a way that was eloquent of indecision.
Sent 5: I had the moral advantage of a mad bull in a street.
Sent 6: But for all that, there seemed a tremendous crowd of them.
Sent 7: Very probably there was.
Sent 8: Those Selenites down the cleft had certainly some infernally long spears.
Sent 9: It might be they had other surprises for us.... But, confound it! Sent 10: if we charged up the cave we should let them up behind us, and if we didn't those little brutes up the cave would probably get reinforced.
Sent 11: Heaven alone knew what tremendous engines of warfare--guns, bombs, terrestrial torpedoes--this unknown world below our feet, this vaster world of which we had only pricked the outer cuticle, might not presently send up to our destruction.
Sent 12: It became clear the only thing to do was to charge! Sent 13: It became clearer as the legs of a number of fresh Selenites appeared running down the cavern towards us. 
Question: Where are the Selenites in relation to the narrator?.

Answer:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
user
Above the cavern.


