Generate an appropriate single-sentence summary for the given text such that it includes the main topic of the text.

Ex Input:
The maker of the ground-breaking video game Pong is seeking to separate from its loss making French parent Atari SA. Atari Inc, together with Atari Interactive Inc, Humongous Inc. and California US Holdings Inc. want to secure independent funding to develop digital and mobile games. Atari said in December it was looking to raise cash and was talking to investors. In a statement, the companies said, "with this move the US based Atari operations seek to separate from the structural financial encumbrances of their French parent holding company, Atari SA". Atari SA, formerly known as Infogrames SA has been struggling financially for years. The US operations of Atari have shifted their business from retail games to digital games in recent times and have become a growth engine for Atari SA. "The Chapter 11 process constitutes the most strategic option for Atari's US operations as they look to preserve their inherent value and unlock revenue potential unrealized while under the control of Atari SA," the statement said. Atari's Pong was an arcade game credited with helping kick-start the multi-billion pound video games industry but more recent titles include 'Centipede', 'Missile Command' and Rollercoaster Tycoon'. Neither Atari SA or Atari Inc. were available for comment.

Ex Output:
The US operations of Atari have filed for bankruptcy protection.


Ex Input:
By Richard CableBBC Northern Ireland The event that triggered that crisis - the signing of the Ulster Covenant - took place just 100 years ago, on 28 September 1912. The centenary is being marked with exhibitions, parades and church services across Northern Ireland. Oath in defiance The Ulster Covenant was an oath in defiance of the British Government, signed by nearly a quarter of a million men of Ulster, Ireland's northernmost province. But it was no breakaway movement. On the contrary, they wanted Ulster to remain part of the United Kingdom and were prepared to fight to keep it there. The long and often bitter history between Britain and Ireland had witnessed many attempts by the Irish people to establish control over their own affairs. By the late 19th century, the favoured formula was 'Home Rule' - a devolved parliament in Dublin to legislate on Irish-only issues, but with Ireland still part of the British Empire. Not everyone in Ireland favoured Home Rule. Opposition among the self-styled 'unionists' was fierce, particularly in Ulster, where the mainly Protestant population feared it was a first step to an independent Ireland. For them, Home Rule meant 'Rome rule', with the Roman Catholic, rural south dominating the Protestant, industrial north. Striking the bargain The driving force behind Home Rule was in fact a Protestant landowner called Charles Stewart Parnell, whose Irish Parliamentary Party brought devolution to the very top of the British political agenda. Home Rule bills were defeated in 1886 and narrowly in 1893, but the movement was growing in strength and it was felt by many that it was only a matter of time before there was a parliament in Dublin. In 1910, the question once again loomed large. The two British general elections of that year had both produced hung parliaments. The Liberals remained the largest party, but needed a coalition with the Irish Parliamentary Party to form a government. The price of the bargain was Home Rule. The bill was passed, with the new Government of Ireland Act coming into effect in 1914. Ireland would have its parliament. The Ulster Unionist Party had been created in 1905 for the express purpose of resisting Home Rule. The chief architect of that resistance was James Craig, the MP for the Irish constituency of East Down. He knew the moment called for a charismatic leader and he found the perfect candidate in Edward Carson, a barrister and pro-union politician from Dublin. All means necessary Craig's master stroke was the Ulster Covenant, an oath that every man in Ulster would be called upon to sign. It stated that their right to remain citizens of the United Kingdom would be defended by "all means which may be found necessary". Carson was an electrifying public speaker and galvanised support for the signing at huge rallies across the province. He was the first to sign the Covenant on 'Ulster Day', 28 September 1912, followed by Craig. In all, 237,368 Ulstermen followed suit, with nearly as many women signing a declaration to support them. Each was given a copy of their oath to carry with them at all times. The Covenant itself was never presented to the government. In fact, it was never presented to anyone. It was simply a huge statement of defiance and intent, but one that the British government seemed confident it could ignore. 'Mutiny' and gun-running Craig and Carson knew they must give the Covenant teeth. They discussed plans for a provisional government and commissioned a wealthy Belfast businessman and sometime adventurer called Major Frederick Crawford to arm the newly-formed, 100,000 strong militia of the Ulster Volunteers. By March 1914, the situation was worrying enough for the government to instruct the British Army to move reinforcements into Ulster. Army officers at Curragh, the principal barracks in Ireland, resigned en masse rather than play a part in enforcing Home Rule. Newspapers breathlessly described a 'mutiny' and the government rapidly backed down. The officers were all reinstated. Unionists saw this is a significant victory and it was quickly followed by another. Major Crawford's gun running proved highly successful. In April 1914, he smuggled in a colossal haul of 25,000 rifles and millions of rounds of ammunition from Germany, landing them at Larne, County Antrim. The nationalist militia of the Irish Volunteers responded by landing a thousand German rifles in broad daylight at Howth in Dublin Bay, the Kaiser apparently being only too willing to facilitate armed conflict within the United Kingdom. The bigger crisis With the situation rapidly sliding towards violent confrontation, King George V intervened to bring the parties together at Buckingham Palace for an emergency conference in July 1914. The talks ended in deadlock and civil war became a very real prospect. But within two weeks, the crisis in Ireland was entirely defused by a crisis of much greater proportions. Germany had invaded Belgium and the United Kingdom plunged into four years of global conflict. Men of the Ulster Volunteer Force and the Irish Volunteers put aside their differences and rallied to the defence of the Empire, fighting and dying in their thousands in the ranks of the British Army. The Government of Ireland Act was shelved until after the war, but it was already clear from the strength of unionist opposition and the Curragh Incident that the British Government could not make Home Rule a reality on the ground. An amended act became law in 1921. It effectively created two 'Home Rule' states by partitioning Ireland into the six counties of Protestant majority in the north east - Northern Ireland - and the rest of Ireland - Southern Ireland. It was envisaged that both would remain within the union, but an attempt in 1918 to extend conscription to Ireland proved the final nail in the coffin. In the south of Ireland, the call for Home Rule had given way to a more militant push for independence, led by the separatist Sinn Féin party. A guerrilla war erupted against British rule and in 1922 the Irish Free State was created. Nothing to fear In Northern Ireland, Carson was revered by unionists as their saviour. But he personally saw partition as a failure and resigned as leader of the Ulster Unionists in 1921. In a speech that year he warned: "We used to say that we could not trust an Irish parliament in Dublin to do justice to the Protestant minority. Let us take care that that reproach can no longer be made against your parliament, and from the outset let them see that the Catholic minority have nothing to fear from a Protestant majority." The true architect of the Ulster Covenant and the founding father of the state of Northern Ireland was James Craig. He went on to become Northern Ireland's first prime minister and to a future shaped by his colleague's prophetic words.

Ex Output:
The United Kingdom teetered on the brink of civil war, armed militias paraded and the British army threatened mutiny... not in an episode from the distant past but in a fairly modern crisis.


Ex Input:
The Benedictine Monks of St Augustine's Abbey, Ramsgate, voted to leave their home of nearly 150 years because they could no longer afford to maintain it. Now they are set to move into the Franciscan Friary in Chilworth, Surrey. The Order of Friars Minor, which is vacating the 118-year-old friary, has welcomed the fact that it will continue as a home to a group dedicated to God. Ideal replacement The 11 monks say they are being forced to leave St Augustine's, which was designed by Edward Pugin for around 40 people, because there are not enough of them left to bear the cost of its upkeep. The monks help fund monastery running costs by selling products such as honey, beeswax furniture polish, organic lip-balms and skin creams. They also have a small market garden. The monks voted to leave in October last year, and within four months had found an ideal replacement. The friars had had to make their own difficult decision to leave their Chilworth home for similar reasons, and thanks to the reach of the worldwide web, they were able to find suitable successors for their Victorian home. Father Michael Copps, Minister Provincial of the Friars Minor, said: "One of the most difficult things I have had to do as Provincial was to come to the decision that we could no longer sustain our house at Chilworth. "I had been thinking with horror that it might become a hotel or health spa, until I was shown the information on the internet that the Ramsgate Benedictines had decided that they had to leave Ramsgate and look for a smaller monastery. "Reading their 'wish list' for the place they were looking for, I saw that Chilworth ticked nearly all the boxes." Dom Paulinus Greenwood, Abbot of Ramsgate, said: "We have been extremely fortunate in finding a suitable new home within such a relatively short period of time, and will always be grateful to the Franciscans for alerting us to the availability of their Friary." The first Benedictine Monks arrived in Ramsgate from the Italian monastery of Subiaco in 1856. The friars will disperse into other friaries around the UK.

Ex Output:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
user
An order of monks which is leaving its Kent monastery because of rising costs has found a new home in Surrey.


