instruction:
In this task, you will be shown a sentence, and you should determine whether it is overruling or non-overruling. In law, an overruling sentence is a statement that nullifies a previous case decision as a precedent by a constitutionally valid statute or a decision by the same or higher ranking court which establishes a different rule on the point of law involved. Classify your answers into overruling or non-overruling
question:
after careful and deliberate study of each of the cases and treatises cited by counsel for the respective parties, as supplemented by own independent research, we are constrained to overrule collins and adopt justice (later chief justice) gardner's dissent in that case.
answer:
overruling


question:
as an initial matter, should evidence of dm's   pregnancy be excluded, the evidence of the abortion would cease to be relevant to the extent it is needed to explain why no dna evidence is available.
answer:
non-overruling


question:
we therefore disapprove wickersham's inaccurate assertion that "unreasonable self-defense" is a "defense.
answer:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
user
overruling


