Given a passage classify if the passage has a definite objective/aim/goal or not. Output '1' if the passage has a defininte objective/aim/goal and output '0' if the passage does not have a definite objective/aim/goal.

B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)-natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) receptor signalling inhibits cardiac sympathetic neurotransmission, although C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is the predominant neuropeptide of the nervous system with expression in the heart and vasculature. We hypothesized that CNP acts similarly to BNP, and that transgenic rats (TGRs) with neuron-specific overexpression of a dominant negative NPR-B receptor would develop heightened sympathetic drive.', 'Mean arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) were significantly (P\u2009<\u20090.05) elevated in freely moving TGRs (n\u2009=\u20099) compared with Sprague Dawley (SD) controls (n\u2009=\u200910). TGR had impaired left ventricular systolic function and spectral analysis of HR variability suggested a shift towards sympathoexcitation. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated co-staining of NPR-B with tyrosine hydroxylase in stellate ganglia neurons. In SD rats, CNP (250\u2009nM, n\u2009=\u20098) significantly reduced the tachycardia during right stellate ganglion stimulation (1-7\u2009Hz) in vitro whereas the response to bath-applied norepinephrine (NE, 1\u2009μM, n\u2009=\u20096) remained intact. CNP (250\u2009nM, n\u2009=\u20098) significantly reduced the release of 
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The evidence on the prognostic value of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in elderly, hemodynamically stable patients with Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is limited.', 'To evaluate the prevalence of common echocardiographic signs of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and their prognostic impact in hemodynamically stable patients aged ≥65years with acute PE in a prospective multicenter cohort.', 'TTE was performed by cardiologists. We defined RV dysfunction as a RV/left ventricular ratio >0.9 or RV hypokinesis (primary definition) or the presence of ≥1 or ≥2 of 6 predefined echocardiographic signs (secondary definitions). Outcomes were overall mortality and mortality/non-fatal recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) at 30days, adjusting for the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index risk score and highly sensitive troponin T values.', 'Of 400 patients, 36% had RV dysfunction based on our primary definition, and 81% (≥1 sign) and 53% (≥2 signs) based on our secondary definitions, respectively. Using our primary definition, there was no association between RV dysfunction and mortality (adjusted HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.31-2.58) and mortality/non-fatal VTE (adjusted HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.40-2.98). Similarly, there was no statistically significant association between the presence of ≥1 or ≥2 echocardiographic signs (secondary definitions) and clinical outcomes.
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Enhancing thrombus resolution may reduce the long-term complications of venous thrombosis. The aim of this study was to examine whether a sustained release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) would further improve thrombus recanalization.', 'Inferior caval vein thrombosis was induced in a cohort of 21 male Wistar rats. A plasmid encoding the human VEGF gene (phVEGF) was injected directly into thrombus (30 to 50 microg) and the muscle adjacent to the inferior vena cava (300 to 400 microg). A plasmid containing the gene encoding beta-galactosidase (pCMVbeta) was injected into the same sites of a separate cohort of rats to act as a control. Tissues were harvested after 1 and 2 weeks, and beta-galactosidase activity was measured to estimate transfection efficiency. Muscle and serum VEGF were measured by enzyme-inked immunosorbent assay. Thrombus size, recanalization, and organization were determined by computer-assisted image analysis.', 'The efficiency of control plasmid transfection into muscle was about 1%. No serum hVEGF was detected in phVEGF- or pCMVbeta-treated animals. Significantly raised levels of hVEGF (P < .01) were detected in the muscle injected with phVEGF after 2 weeks compared with control muscle. There was a significant reduction in thrombus size of 23% (P < .05) and 48% (P < .001) in phVEGF-treated animals compared with pCMVbeta-treated controls after 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. Thrombus recanalization was a significantly greater in the phVEGF-treated group after 2 weeks (mean 19% +/- 2% [SEM]) compared with controls (mean 13% +/- 2%, P < .01). There were no differences in the thrombus organization score.

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
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