Problem:It is estimated that the population of the world reached one billion for the first time in 1804. It would be another 123 years before it reached two billion in 1927, but it took only 33 years to rise by another billion people, reaching three billion in 1960. Thereafter, the global population reached four billion in 1974, five billion in 1987, six billion in 1999 and, by some estimates, seven billion in October 2011 with other estimates being in March 2012. It is projected to reach eight billion by 2024 -- 2030. According to current projections, the world's population is likely to reach around nine billion by 2035 -- 2050, with alternative scenarios ranging from a low of 7.4 billion to a high of more than 10.6 billion. Projected figures vary depending on underlying statistical assumptions and which variables are manipulated in projection calculations, especially the fertility variable. Long-range predictions to 2150 range from a population decline to 3.2 billion in the' low scenario', to' high scenarios' of 24.8 billion. One scenario predicts a massive increase to 256 billion by 2150, assuming fertility remains at 1995 levels.

Based on this passage, when did the worlds population reach 1 billion?
Solution:OK... To answer this question, we should know that: It is estimated that the population of the world reached one billion for the first time in 1804.
1804.


Student A:Context: "In da Club" is a hip hop song performed by American rapper 50 Cent from his debut studio album Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2003). The song was written by 50 Cent, Dr. Dre, and Mike Elizondo and produced by Dr. Dre with co-production credit from Elizondo. The track was released in January 2003 as the album's lead single and peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming 50 Cent's first number one single on that chart.

Question: who produced in the club by 50 cent?
Student B:OK... To answer this question, we should know that: The song was written by 50 Cent, Dr. Dre, and Mike Elizondo and produced by Dr. Dre with co-production credit from Elizondo.
Dr. Dre with co-production credit from Elizondo.


Problem:As a social science, contemporary political science started to take shape in the latter half of the 19th century. At that time it began to separate itself from political philosophy, which traces its roots back to the works of Chanakya, Aristotle, and Plato which were written nearly 2,500 years ago. The term "political science" was not always distinguished from political philosophy, and the modern discipline has a clear set of antecedents including also moral philosophy, political economy, political theology, history, and other fields concerned with normative determinations of what ought to be and with deducing the characteristics and functions of the ideal state.

When did political science become an academic discipline?
Solution:OK... The relevant sentence in the passage is: As a social science, contemporary political science started to take shape in the latter half of the 19th century.
the latter half of the 19th century.


Student A:Passage: Rudd is a surname of English, Scottish, Welsh and Jewish origin.

Question: Based on this passage, where does the last name rudd come from?
Student B:OK... The relevant information is: Rudd is a surname of English, Scottish, Welsh and Jewish origin.
English , Scottish , Welsh and Jewish origin.


Problem:The role of yeast in winemaking is the most important element that distinguishes wine from grape juice. In the absence of oxygen, yeast converts the sugars of wine grapes into alcohol and carbon dioxide through the process of fermentation. The more sugars in the grapes, the higher the potential alcohol level of the wine if the yeast are allowed to carry out fermentation to dryness. Sometimes winemakers will stop fermentation early in order to leave some residual sugars and sweetness in the wine such as with dessert wines. This can be achieved by dropping fermentation temperatures to the point where the yeast are inactive, sterile filtering the wine to remove the yeast or fortification with brandy to kill off the yeast cells. If fermentation is unintentionally stopped, such as when the yeasts become exhausted of available nutrients, and the wine has not yet reached dryness this is considered a stuck fermentation.

Based on this passage, which reaction is performed by yeast in wine-making?
Solution:OK... To answer the question, consider the following: In the absence of oxygen, yeast converts the sugars of wine grapes into alcohol and carbon dioxide through the process of fermentation.
the process of fermentation.


Problem:Context: "Raise a Little Hell" is a song by Canadian rock band Trooper. The song is the 10th and final track on the band's 1978 album Thick as Thieves. It is the band's only US Hot 100 hit and is regularly played in sports stadiums across Canada.

Question: who sings the song raise a little hell?
Solution:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
user
OK... The relevant sentence in the passage is: "Raise a Little Hell" is a song by Canadian rock band Trooper.
Trooper.