Line 1: *Echinoderms lack a centralized nervous system. Echinoderms are represented by the starfish. Starfish lack a centralized nervous system.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *What lacks a centralized nervous system?
Options:
- (A) starfish
- (B) barnacles
- (C) blowfish
- (D) our planet
- (E) humans
- (F) Pesticides
- (G) insects
- (H) sharks*
Logic of a solution: *Aging is associated with the death of cells. Telomeres degrade as the cells divide and their shortening causes cell death. Aging is associated with degrading telomeres.*
*(D)*
The original question: *Aging is associated with degrading:
Options:
- (A) Most plants
- (B) an object
- (C) Acids
- (D) telomeres
- (E) layers of fat
- (F) Chlorophyll
- (G) vegetation
- (H) the skin*
Line 1: *Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged DNA. DNA DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. Oncogenes promote the division of cells with damaged deoxyribonucleic acid.*
*(A)*
Line 2: *Oncogenes promote the division of cells using the damaged form of what?
Options:
- (A) deoxyribonucleic acid
- (B) oncogenes
- (C) proteins
- (D) Chemical energy
- (E) epidermis and dermis
- (F) the body's largest organ
- (G) Veins and arteries.
- (H) healthy cells*
Logic of a solution: *All plants have a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations. All ferns are shade plants. Ferns have a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations.*
*(H)*
The original question: *What has a characteristic life cycle that includes alternation of generations?
Options:
- (A) humans
- (B) leaves
- (C) Oak
- (D) dogs
- (E) Trees
- (F) cacti
- (G) amoeba
- (H) ferns*
Line 1: *Producers use energy and inorganic molecules to make food. Decomposition is the breakdown of organic molecules into inorganic molecules. Decomposition provides resources for producers to create food.*
*(C)*
Line 2: *What process helps provide resources for producers to create food?
Options:
- (A) animals
- (B) Exfoliation
- (C) decomposition
- (D) mastication
- (E) recycling
- (F) reproduction
- (G) ejaculation
- (H) Converting waste.*
Line 1: *Introns are regions that do not code for proteins. An area is a rectangular region of cells. Introns are areas that do not code for proteins.*
*(D)*
Line 2:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
user
*Introns are areas that
Options:
- (A) it keeps an organism warm
- (B) Plant reproduction
- (C) the wearing away of rock
- (D) do not code for protein
- (E) Something coming from a gland
- (F) Plant growth is reduced
- (G) allow growth
- (H) produce offspring*