question: Women are increasingly putting their husband's career before their own, a controversial new study of Harvard Business School graduates has found. It canvassed over 25,000 male and female students, and found 40 percent of Gen X and boomer women said their spouses' careers took priority over theirs. They researchers also said only about 20 percent of them had planned on their careers taking a back seat when they graduated.. The team also say that in most cases, children were not the cause of the lapsed careers. The majority of women said they assumed they would have egalitarian marriages in which both spouses' careers were taken equally seriously. Researchers surveyed more than 25,000 HBS graduates altogether. They reported on Baby Boomers (ages 49–67), Generation X (ages 32–48), and Millennials (ages 26–31), also known as Generation Y. They concluded that while women were well intentioned when they graduated, they ultimately ended up being held back by their partners. The new study of Harvard Business School graduates from HBS's Robin Ely and Colleen Ammerman and Hunter College sociologist Pamela Stone interviewed 25,000 men and women who graduated from Harvard Business School over the past several decades. 'In the end, we found not just achievement and satisfaction gaps between men and women, but a real gap between what women expect as they look ahead to their careers and where they ultimately land,' they wrote. 'The men and women who graduate from HBS set out with much in common—MBAs, high ambitions, and preparation for leadership. 'Perhaps it's time for more-candid conversations—at home, at work, and on campus—about how and why their paths unfold so differently.' The researchers found male graduates were much more likely to be in senior management positions and have more responsibility and more direct reports than their female peers. 'Setting aside those measures of success, since not everyone aspires to them, we found that women are less satisfied with their careers. The gap between men’s and women’s advancement to senior positions has endured, despite increasing numbers of women with the credentials and the experience to assume top roles across industries and institutions and despite the efforts of many organizations to develop their high-potential female employees. In the business world, women make up 5% of Fortune 1000 CEOs, and only a handful of them are women of color. The gap is narrower but still significant in professional service firms, where 20% of CEOs are women. And despite much interest in and attention to women on boards, women hold fewer than 20% of board seats at Fortune 500 companies, and their representation has increased only incrementally in recent years. Even fewer women of color (below 5%) occupy. Source: Catalyst. 'Whereas about 50% to 60% of men across the three generations told us they were 'extremely satisfied' or 'very satisfied' with their experiences of meaningful work, professional accomplishments, opportunities for career growth, and compatibility of work and personal life, only 40% to 50% of women were similarly satisfied on the same dimensions.' When they graduated, more than half of male HBS grads said they expected their careers would take precedence over their partners'. Only 7 percent of Gen X women and 3 percent of baby boomer women said they expected their careers to take precedence. Researchers surveyed more than 25,000 HBS graduates altogether. 'Close to three-quarters of Gen X and Baby Boom men reported that their careers had indeed taken precedence—more than had originally expected this arrangement, the researchers wrote. 'Meanwhile, many women’s expectations for career equality were disappointed. 'Though majorities of Gen X and Baby Boom women reported that they were in egalitarian or progressive partnerships, the remainder found that their careers took lower priority. 'That figure—40%—is almost double the proportion who left HBS expecting a traditional arrangement.' More than 70 percent of Gen X and boomer men say their careers are more important than their wives.

answer: Study interviewed 25,000 graduates from Harvard Business School. Less than 50% of women said they were satisfied with their career.


question: By. Daily Mail Reporter. Cancer scientists are turning to astronomy to identify the faint hallmarks of aggressive tumours. Techniques developed to find distant galaxies have been adapted to look for indistinct biomarkers. The research could lead to computers replacing the age-old practice of peering down a microscope to search for signs of deadly cancer. Aggressive tumours are traditionally spotted by staining cells to show up specific proteins. The distance and distribution of galaxies can be measured using what cosmologists call a standard ruler. The new approach employs an automated system originally developed to pick out far away objects in the night sky. In tests, the technique was employed to measure levels of three proteins among tumour samples from more than 2,000 breast cancer patients. Researchers compared the accuracy of assessing the results manually or by computer. They found that the automated system was at least as accurate as the manual one but many times faster. Useful: The technique was employed to measure levels of three proteins among tumour samples from more than 2,000 breast cancer patients. Lead scientist Dr Raza Ali, from Cancer Research UK's Cambridge Institute, said: 'We've exploited the natural overlap between the techniques astronomers use to analyse deep sky images from the largest telescopes and the need to pinpoint subtle differences in the staining of tumour samples down the microscope. 'The results have been even better than we'd hoped, with our new automated approach performing with accuracy comparable to the time-consuming task of scoring images manually, after only relatively minor adjustments to the formula. 'We're now planning a larger international study involving samples from more than 20,000 breast cancer patients to further refine our strategy.' The research, conducted with the help of Cambridge University astronomers, is reported in the British Journal of Cancer. Co-author Professor Carlos Caldas, also from the Cambridge Institute, said: 'Modern techniques are giving us some of the first insights into the key genes and proteins important in predicting the success or failure of different cancer treatments. 'But before these can be applied in the clinic, their usefulness needs to be verified in hundreds or sometimes thousands of tumour samples. 'Already this new automated approach means we can now analyse up to 4,000 images a day, helping streamline the process of translating these discoveries into the clinic.' Dr Nicholas Walton, from Cambridge University's Institute of Astronomy, said: 'It's great that our image analysis software, which was originally developed to help track down planets harbouring life outside of our Solar System, is now also being used to help improve the outlook for cancer patients, much closer to home.'

answer:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
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Tumours traditionally spotted by staining cells to show up specific proteins. New approach employs automated system originally used to find objects far away in the night sky. Scientists at Cancer Research used technique to analyse tumours of breast cancer patients.