instruction:
Use a disfluent question or a proper question and find the answer to the question based on the given context or return None if an answer can't be found. A disfluent question is a question that has some interruptions in it while framing. A proper question is the correct form of the question without any disfluency.
question:
proper question: What organization is devoted to Jihad against Iraq? 
 disfluent question: What organization is devoted to Jihad against Israel or rather Iraq? 
 context: For some decades prior to the First Palestine Intifada in 1987, the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine took a quiescent stance towards Israel, focusing on preaching, education and social services, and benefiting from Israel's indulgence to build up a network of mosques and charitable organizations. As the First Intifada gathered momentum and Palestinian shopkeepers closed their shops in support of the uprising, the Brotherhood announced the formation of HAMAS (zeal), devoted to Jihad against Israel. Rather than being more moderate than the PLO, the 1988 Hamas charter took a more uncompromising stand, calling for the destruction of Israel and the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine. It was soon competing with and then overtaking the PLO for control of the intifada. The Brotherhood's base of devout middle class found common cause with the impoverished youth of the intifada in their cultural conservatism and antipathy for activities of the secular middle class such as drinking alcohol and going about without hijab.
answer:
None


question:
proper question: What time did a river system develop in the Upper Rhine Graben? 
 disfluent question: At which or no rather what time did a river system develop in the Upper Rhine Graben? 
 context: From the Eocene onwards, the ongoing Alpine orogeny caused a N–S rift system to develop in this zone. The main elements of this rift are the Upper Rhine Graben, in southwest Germany and eastern France and the Lower Rhine Embayment, in northwest Germany and the southeastern Netherlands. By the time of the Miocene, a river system had developed in the Upper Rhine Graben, that continued northward and is considered the first Rhine river. At that time, it did not yet carry discharge from the Alps; instead, the watersheds of the Rhone and Danube drained the northern flanks of the Alps.
answer:
Miocene


question:
proper question: Thoreau mentions what type of person could corrupt a government system? 
 disfluent question: Who did Thoreau, no sorry, Thoreau mentions what type of person could corrupt a government system? 
 context: However, this definition is disputed by Thoreau's political philosophy pitching the conscience vs. the collective. The individual is the final judge of right and wrong. More than this, since only individuals act, only individuals can act unjustly. When the government knocks on the door, it is an individual in the form of a postman or tax collector whose hand hits the wood. Before Thoreau’s imprisonment, when a confused taxman had wondered aloud about how to handle his refusal to pay, Thoreau had advised, “Resign.” If a man chose to be an agent of injustice, then Thoreau insisted on confronting him with the fact that he was making a choice. But if government is “the voice of the people,” as it is often called, shouldn’t that voice be heeded? Thoreau admits that government may express the will of the majority but it may also express nothing more than the will of elite politicians. Even a good form of government is “liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it.” Moreover, even if a government did express the voice of the people, this fact would not compel the obedience of individuals who disagree with what is being said. The majority may be powerful but it is not necessarily right. What, then, is the proper relationship between the individual and the government?
answer:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
user
individuals


