TASK DEFINITION: In this task, you are given a set of context paragraphs, some supporting facts and an answer of a question. Your task is to generate question for given answer based on set of context paragraphs, supporting facts and an answer.
PROBLEM: Context_1 : Lorraine Campaign is a term used by U.S. Army historians to describe operations of the U.S. Third Army in Lorraine during World War II from September 1 through December 18, 1944. Official U.S. Army campaign names for this period and location are "Northern France" and "Rhineland". The term was popularized by the publication of a volume of the same name by the U.S. Army in 1950. As written by the volume's author: Context_2 : Manila is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States. Manila's original post office opened on July 1, 1898 and was named in honor of the Battle of Manila Bay, which had occurred earlier that year. The community's ZIP code is 41238. Context_3 : During World War II, Operation Grenade was the crossing of the Roer (Rur) river between Roermond and Düren by the U.S. Ninth Army, commanded by Lieutenant General William Hood Simpson, in February 1945. Context_4 : In predicate logic, existential instantiation (also called existential elimination) is a valid rule of inference which says that, given a formula of the form formula_1, one may infer formula_2 for a new constant or variable symbol "c". The rule has the restriction that the constant or variable "c" introduced by the rule must be a new term that has not occurred earlier in the proof. Context_5 : The perfect tense or aspect (abbreviated ' or ') is a verb form that indicates that an action or circumstance occurred earlier than the time under consideration, often focusing attention on the resulting state rather than on the occurrence itself. An example of a perfect construction is "I have made dinner": although this gives information about a prior action (my making the dinner), the focus is likely to be on the present consequences of that action (the fact that the dinner is now ready). The word "perfect" in this sense means "completed" (from Latin "perfectum", which is the perfect passive participle of the verb "perficere" "to complete"). Context_6 : The Battle of Fort Driant was a constituent battle in the 1944 Battle of Metz, during the Lorraine Campaign and the greater Siegfried Line Campaign. The battle was on occupied French territory between the forces of the United States Third Army under the command of General George S. Patton and the forces of Nazi Germany under General Otto von Knobelsdorff. Context_7 : The VI Corps was activated as VI Army Corps in August 1918 at Neufchâteau, France, serving in the Lorraine Campaign. Constituted in the Organized Reserves in 1921, it was allotted to the Regular Army in 1933 and activated on 1 August 1940 at Fort Sheridan, Illinois. VI Corps took part in some of the most high-profile operations in World War II. Context_8 : Ouvrage Bois-du-Four is a lesser work ("petit ouvrage") in the Fortified Sector of the Crusnes of the Maginot Line. The ouvrage consists of a single large combat block without an underground gallery system, and is located between "petit ouvrage" Mauvais-Bois and "gros ouvrage" Bréhain, facing Luxembourg. A planned expansion, never carried out, was intended to enlarge Bois-du-Four into a fully equipped "gros ouvrage". Bois-du-Four saw little action in either the Battle of France in 1940 or the Lorraine Campaign of 1944. It is preserved by the community of Villers-la-Montagne and may be visited. Context_9 : The Société Normande de Peinture Moderne, also known as "Société de Peinture Moderne", or alternatively, "Normand Society of Modern Painting", was a collective of eminent painters, sculptors, poets, musicians and critics associated with Post-Impressionism, Fauvism, Cubism and Orphism. The "Société Normande de la Peinture Moderne" was a diverse collection of avant-garde artists; in part a subgrouping of the Cubist movement, evolving alongside the so-called Salon Cubist group, first independently then in tandem with the core group of Cubists that emerged at the Salon d'Automne and Salon des Indépendants between 1909 and 1911 (i.e., Albert Gleizes, Jean Metzinger, Fernand Léger, Robert Delaunay and Henri Le Fauconnier). Historically, the two groups merged in 1912, at the Section d'Or exhibition, but documents from the period prior to 1912 indicate the merging occurred earlier and in a more convoluted manner. Context_10 : Ouvrage Bréhain is part of the Fortified Sector of the Crusnes of the Maginot Line, located near the community of Bréhain-la-Ville in the Meurthe-et-Moselle "département" of France. Bréhain is flanked by "petits ouvrages" Mauvais Bois and Aumetz. The "gros ouvrage" was equipped with long-range artillery, and faced the border with Luxembourg. It saw no major action in either the Battle of France in 1940 or the Lorraine Campaign of 1944. While not open to public visitation, it has been secured and is in relatively good condition when compared to other abandoned Maginot positions. A flanking casemate has been restored and may be visited. fact_1 : During World War II, Operation Grenade was the crossing of the Roer (Rur) river between Roermond and Düren by the U.S. Ninth Army, commanded by Lieutenant General William Hood Simpson, in February 1945. fact_2 : Lorraine Campaign is a term used by U.S. Army historians to describe operations of the U.S. Third Army in Lorraine during World War II from September 1 through December 18, 1944. Answer: Lorraine Campaign

SOLUTION: Which occurred earlier, Operation Grenade or Lorraine Campaign?

PROBLEM: Context_1 : MOD Pizza is a fast casual pizza restaurant chain based in the United States. Founded in Seattle, Washington in 2008, MOD has more than 200 locations in the United States and United Kingdom. MOD is a company that is claimed by its owners to be "more about the people than the pizza" and to focus on paying living wages and providing employees with opportunities to give back to the community. Context_2 : Sir Pizza is an United States chain of pizza restaurants. Wendell Swartz opened the original restaurant in Lafayette, Indiana in 1957 under the name of Pizza King. Sir Pizza was incorporated in 1965. In 1966, Robert Swartz, Wendell's brother, expanded Pizza King outside of Indiana under the name of "Sir Pizza". In Indiana, they are franchised under the "Pizza King" name, one of two chains in Indiana using that name. Context_3 : MrJims.Pizza is a U.S. chain of pizza restaurants based in Farmers Branch, Texas. Jim Johnson opened the first restaurant in Detroit, Michigan in 1975. There are currently 42 locations in Louisiana, Texas, North Carolina, Nevada and Wyoming, with the majority located in northern Texas. MrJims.Pizza is widely known for their crust. Their hand stretched pizza dough is made fresh in the store daily from flour containing 100% spring wheat. Every single MrJims.Pizza franchise has online ordering capabilities. In 2006, MrJims.Pizza introduced a unique new item, Nacho Stix, to their menu. It quickly became one of their bestsellers, and lead to a resurgence in the popularity of MrJims. Context_4 : Fazoli's is an Italian-American fast casual restaurant chain based out of Lexington, Kentucky. It was founded in 1988 and is now owned by Seed Restaurant Group, Inc. Today, there are more than 200 Fazoli's located nationwide with plans to expand overseas. The restaurant chain specializes in Italian cuisine and dishes. Carl Howard is the company's president and CEO. Context_5 : Anthony Felix "Tony" Gemignani (born August 23, 1973) is a 12-time World Pizza Champion, master instructor at the International School of Pizza, two-time Food Network gold medalist, restaurateur, author and reality television personality. Gemignani is the president of the World Pizza Champions, is also a Guinness World Record holder and is the owner and executive chef of several restaurants. Gemignani coined the phrase "F&F"' to describe his restaurants; Restaurants which are Full Service and Fast Casual at the same time. Context_6 : Peppes Pizza is a Norwegian pizza chain that serves American style and Italian style pizza. Peppes is the largest pizza chain in Scandinavia. The restaurant was founded by two Americans, Louis Jordan and his wife Anne from Hartford, Connecticut. The restaurant chain is part of Umoe Catering As which consists of restaurants such as Burger King, TGI Fridays, La Baguette and Cafe Opus. Peppes Pizza is one of the first restaurants that brought foreign food to Norway. 9 million pizzas are served by Peppes each year with deliveries in 11 cities in Norway. Their menu was first put online in March 1995. The servings have been described as enough for two people and that the pizza chain is "a cut above the rest". Context_7 : The Chicago Pizza Pie Factory was a chain of pizza restaurants. The chain originated in Crown Passage (off Pall Mall) as The Chicago Pizza Pie Factory and was started by entrepreneur Bob Payton in 1976-7. The London establishment also had a bar. This was the start of a series of restaurants forming the My Kinda Town chain. The chain opened restaurants in places such as Paris and Barcelona, where they operated successfully for several decades. The Paris site now houses a Burger King. Context_8 : California-style pizza (also known as California pizza or Gourmet pizza) is a style of single-serving pizza that combines New York and Italian thin crust with toppings from the California cuisine cooking style. Its invention is generally attributed to chef Ed LaDou, and Chez Panisse, in Berkeley, California. Wolfgang Puck, after meeting LaDou, popularized the style of pizza in the rest of the country. It is served in a number of California Cuisine restaurants. Such restaurant chains as California Pizza Kitchen, Extreme Pizza, and Sammy's Woodfired Pizza are three major pizza franchises associated with California-style pizza. Nancy Silverton's Pizzeria Mozza is also a popular California-style pizza restaurant in Los Angeles. Context_9 : New Haven-style pizza, locally known as apizza ( , from Neapolitan "’a pizza" (] ) "the pizza"), is a style of Neapolitan pizza common in and around New Haven, Connecticut. It originated at the Frank Pepe Pizzeria Napoletana and is now served in many other pizza restaurants in the area, most notably Sally's Apizza and Modern Apizza. This geographically limited pizza style has been favorably referenced by national critics. Context_10 : Chicago Franchise Systems, Inc. franchises operates Italian-based Chicago-style restaurants in Illinois, Georgia, California and Missouri which specialize in Chicago-style cuisine They have operated since 1990, when they took over the popular Nancy's Pizza chain of pizzerias. Nancy's itself was started in 1971 by Nancy and Rocco Palese, a couple who claims to have invented the concept of stuffed pizza. Today, there are 36 Nancy's locations in Chicago metropolitan area, as well as two location in the Atlanta, Georgia area, and one in the Los Angeles, CA area. CFS, Inc. operates Al's Beef, a popular Italian beef restaurant that is extremely well known in downtown Chicago and is regarded as one of the best beef sandwiches in the country. CFS, Inc. just launched Doughocracy Pizza + Brews, a fast casual pizza place that gives customers the "Freedom to Choose" their own toppings on a hand stretched pizza crust that can be paired with local craft beers. There are two Doughocracy restaurants, one in Geneva, Illinois and one in University City, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis. fact_1 : Fazoli's is an Italian-American fast casual restaurant chain based out of Lexington, Kentucky. fact_2 : MOD Pizza is a fast casual pizza restaurant chain based in the United States. Answer: United States

SOLUTION: Fazolis and MOD Pizza, are restaurants in which country?

PROBLEM: Context_1 : Jann Simon Wenner (born January 7, 1946) is the co-founder and publisher of the popular culture biweekly magazine "Rolling Stone", and former owner of "Men's Journal" magazine. Born in New York City, Wenner graduated from Chadwick School and later attended the University of California, Berkeley. He dropped out, but while at Berkeley he participated in the Free Speech Movement. Wenner, with his mentor Ralph J. Gleason, co-founded "Rolling Stone" in 1967 with the help of a loan from family members and his soon to be wife. Later in his career he became one of the founders of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and has founded other publications. As a publisher and media figure, he has faced controversy regarding Hall of Fame eligibility favoritism, the relationship between famous gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson breaking down, and allegations that his magazine's reviews were biased. Context_2 : Christian David Hoard is an American music journalist and music editor for "Rolling Stone". A 2000 graduate of the University of Michigan, he began his career as a music journalist writing for the "Michigan Daily". He later moved to New York City, where he interned for "the Village Voice" and met Robert Christgau, who became his mentor. Christgau also later convinced his colleagues at "Rolling Stone" to allow Hoard to write for the magazine after Hoard became an intern there; he later became the magazine's senior editor. Along with Nathan Brackett, he co-edited "The New Rolling Stone Album Guide", which was published in 2004. In 2016, he replaced Brackett as "Rolling Stone"' s music editor. Context_3 : Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the magazine's publisher, and the music critic Ralph J. Gleason. It was first known for its musical coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors, and popular music. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content. Context_4 : Jenny Eliscu is a radio host for Sirius XM and a contributing editor for "Rolling Stone" magazine. She also had a recurring presence on the TV program "I'm from Rolling Stone" and has been on other music programs, including "Behind the Music". She has written a book ("Schools That Rock: The Rolling Stone College Guide" ISBN  ). Context_5 : The Get Em Mamis is an Alternative Hip Hop group from the East Coast, United States. The duo consists of Roxzi and Symphony, both originally from Baltimore, Maryland. The Get Em Mamis first single "When You See Us" was featured on HBO hit series "The Wire" Season 4 and "The Ooh Ahh Song" was featured on HBO's "The Wire" Season 5". In 2008 Get Em Mamis single "Cold Summer" was ranked #83 in "Rolling Stone" magazine's Top 100 Singles of 2008. Get Em Mamis "Cold Summer" also received an impressive four stars in "Rolling Stone"' s Download section in the May 2008 issue. They were the first female rap group from Baltimore, MD to be featured on "Rolling Stone"' s Top 100 Singles. Context_6 : "Rolling Stone" Australia is the Australian edition of the United States' "Rolling Stone" magazine devoted to music, politics, and popular culture, published monthly. The Australian version of "Rolling Stone" was initially published in 1970 as a supplement in "Revolution" magazine published by Monash University student Phillip Frazer. It was launched as a fully fledged magazine in 1972 by Frazer and is the longest surviving international edition of "Rolling Stone". Context_7 : The Rolling Stone Album Guide, previously known as The Rolling Stone Record Guide, is a book that contains professional music reviews written and edited by staff members from "Rolling Stone" magazine. Its first edition was published in 1979 and its last in 2004. The guide can be seen at Rate Your Music, while a list of albums given a five star rating by the guide can be seen at Rocklist.net. Context_8 : A Little Bit Longer is the third studio album by the American band the Jonas Brothers and their second album released on Hollywood Records. It was released on August 12, 2008. The album received generally favorable reviews, and four star reviews from "Rolling Stone", AllMusic, and "Blender". The album was preceded by three singles, "Burnin' Up", "Lovebug" and "Tonight". The album was number 40 on "Rolling Stone"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Best 50 Albums of 2008. One of the songs from the album, "Video Girl" was also number 49 on "Rolling Stone"' s list of the 100 Best Songs of 2008. Context_9 : Fear and Loathing at Rolling Stone: The Essential Writings of Hunter S. Thompson is a 2009 book that collects "the finest work" by Hunter S. Thompson during his 40-year stint at "Rolling Stone". The book was edited by Jann S. Wenner, co-founder and publisher of "Rolling Stone", . Context_10 : The Pastel Journal is a bi-monthly magazine focused on pastel artists and pastel art. The magazine was started in 1999. fact_1 : The Pastel Journal is a bi-monthly magazine focused on pastel artists and pastel art. fact_2 : Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. Answer: magazine

SOLUTION:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
user
The Pastel Journal and Rolling Stone, are which form of publication?

