Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.

[Q]: By Carys BetteleyBBC News That is the advice of 30-year-old Rachel Jury, from Bridgend, to anyone adapting to life with a stoma - an artificial opening on the abdomen to divert the flow of faeces or urine into a pouch outside the body. Rachel has two stoma bags, an ileostomy named Bob and a urostomy named Squirt. Relentless problems with the bags and several near death experiences have meant Rachel has felt anger towards her situation - but she is keen to spread the message that it does not help. "I have had hatred, many times," she said. Rachel is not alone. In the last 15 years the number of stoma appliances dispensed by the Welsh NHS have almost trebled, with 318,196 bags and other items prescribed in 2015-16. The net cost of ostomy items has also rocketed from £7.4m to £20.6m since 2000-01, according to the Welsh Government figures. The Colostomy Association said the increase could be down to a number of factors including people living longer, higher survival rates for cancer and ileostomy operations and more people having temporary stoma surgery due to better diagnosis and awareness of conditions like Ulcerative Colitis. Rachel was 21 when she started having problems with her bladder, while studying for a degree in radiotherapy before starting work in oncology at a Bristol hospital. The urologist team there decided she needed a catheter - used to treat bladders which do not empty - but a busy shift meant Rachel was not taught how to use it. "To say I struggled with this was an understatement," she said. "Fighting with the toilet seat and mirror to get myself into the right position and locate where to catheterise, I had to do this 12 times a day while trying to work and still suffering from the pain, retention and clamping. "I was trying to work at the same time." Rachel had to stop working at the age of 22. In June 2012, it was decided Rachel needed an emergency operation to form a permanent ileostomy (stoma), which diverts waste outside her body - "Bob" was born. In 2015 Rachel, who now lives in Bournemouth, agreed to have her bladder removed in a urostomy operation - because it was too small and caused pain and bleeding. And so "Squirt" was born, named after the havoc the bag caused while being changed by a nurse. 'You can still live a life and love your body' Rachel still does not have a full diagnosis but her condition causes autonomic neuropathy, meaning the nerves that control involuntary bodily functions are damaged. "I had four operations last year and was admitted about eight times because the stoma kept falling out," Rachel said. "I had a cardiac arrest a few months ago. But at least I had Christmas off, unlike the year before. "It's been a nightmare." "Relentless" problems with Bob over the past two years have meant Rachel regularly ends up in hospital with sepsis and does not always spot the early signs, resulting in long stays. She does not know what her life expectancy will be - but her condition is progressive and she said it "won't be decades", especially due to the sepsis. "I'm just trying to deal with each hurdle," she said. "Every time I go to the hospital I see people dealing with stomas and the nurses will ask me 'would you mind speaking to this person?'. "I do believe this is my purpose, and the medical training helps, I love being able to help patients." So what advice would Rachel give someone coming to terms with a diagnosis or adjusting to life with a stoma? "It's so important to name your stoma. "Yes it's quite funny calling them Squirt and Bob and it's light hearted, but it's so much harder if you have got hatred for it. "I have had hatred, many times. I've not been positive all the way through. "I've had a lot of accidents and to start with I shouted at it and got angry, but after the last couple of years and so many near death experiences, if you start hating, you're going to stay in that negative frame of mind. "If you can see it as a part of you, it's a lot easier. "I'll post on Facebook 'Bob's being a naughty boy again!', you can talk about it in normal conversation then. "But a lot of us are in the situation where, they have saved our life." Rachel said her health problems have affected friendships and her long-term relationship ended, but it also helped her to find new friendships. 'Be proud' "I hate the saying 'you find out who your friends are' but, yes, you do. And I have made amazing friends," she said. "With relationships, it puts a lot of pressure on to be dealing with it [illness] constantly, so it affects that." Rachel launched her blog, Rocking2Stomas, this month. She hopes to raise awareness of urostomy bags, saying not many people realise stoma bags can be to do with urological problems not just bowel. "It's quite rare to have two," she said. "Not many people know much about it or think it's only to do with poo - it's not, it's wee as well. "I'd like to build an online community of urostomates - similar to colostomies and ileostomy online communities. "I think I want to show you can still live a life and love your body. "I want to help women celebrate their bodies and be proud."
[A]: Rachel Jury from Bridgend on living with two stoma bags


[Q]: The XL Catlin Seaview Survey is an extensive scientific study that aims to carry out a rapid assessment of the current state of coral reef systems and to make the information publicly available for scientists around the world to use. Developed and overseen by Professor Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, who is the director of the Global Change Institute at the University of Queensland, the survey has been independently reviewed by a panel of international experts. According to the survey team, the world's reefs have lost 40% of their coral in the past 30 years and remain at risk from overdevelopment, pollution and climate change. It is worse for the Great Barrier Reef. It has lost half of its coral cover in the same time, a 2012 study by the Australian Institute of Marine Sciences found. Unesco last year warned the Australian government that dredging of the seabed to create larger ports, along with other destructive forces, was putting the Great Barrier Reef at risk. The XL Catlin Seaview Survey began in 2012, surveying 32 reefs along the entire length of the Great Barrier Reef and in the remote Coral Sea. A total of 150km of reef was surveyed with special cameras. The images can be accessed online by scientists and the public. The study created a visual record of the shallow reefs but also investigated a large crop of coral 125m under water that had never been seen before. Special cameras created 105,000 GPS-located, panoramic images for the survey. But a lot of the Great Barrier Reef has never been explored. The survey is now being conducted in other oceans. In 2013, the team surveyed the coral reefs of the Caribbean and Bermuda, before moving to the waters of South-East Asia last year.
[A]: In pictures: Australia's Great Barrier Reef


[Q]: Mr Zinke flew from Las Vegas to Montana last June on a private jet that cost taxpayers more than $12,000, according to Politico and the Washington Post. Earlier, Health Secretary Tom Price apologised for his private plane trips. He said he would reimburse taxpayers and fly commercial in future. According to political news website Politico, Mr Price's travels have already cost the US taxpayer more than $1m (£750,000). The figure includes the cost of military aircraft used for Mr Price's trips abroad, and his use of private jets for domestic flights, Politico added. President Trump, who had earlier said he was "not happy" with the expense, said he would decide on Mr Price's future shortly. "He's a very fine man. We're going to make a decision sometime tonight," he told White House reporters. "He's a very, very fine man." Why this hurts Trump Anthony Zurcher, BBC News, Washington Now that the "Price-tag" for the health secretary's private air travel has passed the million-dollar mark - with reports that other administration officials have a similar penchant for the Learjet lifestyle - the issue is metastasising from embarrassing to full-blown scandal. The reason this story particularly damages the White House is it cuts against one of Donald Trump's strengths and key campaign promises - that he has the business acumen to rein in runaway government spending, waste and abuse. What's more, Mr Price and EPA head Scott Pruitt have proposed drastic cuts to the budgets they oversee. For them to drop big dollars to avoid elbow-rubbing with the masses makes for painful headlines and fosters resentment within government ranks. Mr Price's promise to pay for the cost of "his seat" on those flights is already being decried as not good enough. It's the equivalent of buying an aged porterhouse steak on the federal dime and reimbursing for a hot dog. At some point, lest the White House appear responsible for creating a culture of profligacy, the president is going to have to do more than express dissatisfaction over these revelations. He will have to take action. As well as the Vegas-Montana trip - a route served by commercial flights - Mr Zinke is also reported to have used private jets between St Croix and St Thomas in the US Virgin Islands in March, and a military aircraft to travel to Norway in May. US government officials are expected to take commercial flights for work-related travel, unless they are dealing with national security matters. "As with previous interior secretaries, the secretary travelled on charter flights when there were no commercial options available," interior department spokeswoman Heather Swift said in a statement. "All travel is pre-approved by the ethics office before booking and the charter flights went through an additional level of due diligence." Two other members of Mr Trump's cabinet are under scrutiny by inspectors for their use of private planes while on the job: Republican Senator Chuck Grassley, responding to the latest revelations, urged Mr Trump "to emphasise to cabinet secretaries the necessity of using reasonable and cost-effective modes of travel in accordance with federal restrictions".
[A]:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
user
Ryan Zinke: US interior secretary 'spent $12,000 on flight'


