Generate an appropriate title for the given text. The generated title must be short and include the main topic of the text. The preferred titles are under fifteen words.

[EX Q]: By Pedro GarciaBusiness reporter, Lisbon Luis Onofre openly admits that his first foray into luxury shoe design could have been his last. The Portuguese designer launched his first namesake collection in 1993, shortly after taking over his family's shoe factory. His father had warned him it wouldn't sell, and his dad was proved correct. Consumers weren't interested, and the shoes bombed. "My lack of market knowledge was to blame," says the 49-year-old. "It was heartbreaking, a big lesson for me. It was very humbling." Today things are very different. Luis's glamorous designs are sold worldwide, and Michelle Obama, actress Naomi Watts, and socialite Paris Hilton are among his fans. He has also become a symbol of a recent renaissance in Portuguese shoemaking, helping to put the country firmly back on the haute couture map. Luis, who was born in Oliveira de Azemeis near Porto, in northern Portugal, grew up around shoes. His grandfather opened a footwear factory in the town in 1938, and the business has been been run by the family ever since. By the late 1980s, Luis's father was running the business, which was producing high-end shoes for French brands such as Cacharel and Galleries Lafayette. But when he asked Luis to join the company, the younger Onofre was reluctant, having set his heart on studying interior design. "I remember seeing the stresses my parents brought home and thinking, 'I want to run away from that,'" Luis recalls. He changed his mind, however, and took a degree in shoe design, before becoming managing director of the company in 1993. Keen to shake things up, he got the factory to start producing its own designs, not just those of other people. And the pain of seeing his first collection flop only made him more determined to reach his goal. "I knew I wanted to do my own brand, but after my first attempt went wrong I decided to gain experience and resilience in the area. This sector is ever-changing, fashion changes, new technologies change all the time." For the next six years he continued to make shoes for other brands, while honing his design ideas on the side. Finally his moment came in 1999 when he launched a 50-piece collection at Momad, a major shoe trade fair in Spain. Interest in the brand grew following big investments in marketing, and sales picked up. "We started doing the shoe fair circuit, in Milan, Paris, Moscow," Luis says. "Clients started requesting more exclusive designs. Our collections became more complex." More The Boss features: Today he is best known for his women's shoes, which retail for around €300-€400 (£265-£355; $335-$445), and are all made in Portugal. His designs have been described as "sexy" and "decadent", and often incorporate elements such as Swarovski crystals or vertiginously high heels. Now based in Porto, the business turned over €8m last year, and employs 60 people across its commercial operations, factory and flagship stores. It also continues to make footwear for other brands such as Jimmy Choo and H&M. Despite his success, Luis has had to overcome other setbacks as a businessman, including an industry downturn in the 1990s. Portugal's shoe-making sector is centuries old, and considered on a par with Italy's and Spain's, despite being less well known. But in the late 1980s it was hit hard after Portugal joined the European Economic Community - the precursor to the European Union - in 1986, opening up the economy to foreign competition. The country's footwear industry wasn't ready for the change, and many factories had to close over the next decade. "In the early 1990s, we lost almost all of the international clients we had," Luis recalls. Portugal's reputation for shoe making fell into decline, but Luis and other forward-thinking designers were determined to save it. "We still had a generation of factory owners that did not understand contemporary fashion, or what was being sold internationally," he says. Over the past 20 years, however, he says a new wave of "open-minded" designers have brought fresh ideas to the table and turned things around. Portugal has regained its reputation for high-end design, factories have been retooled, and thousands of new jobs have been created. It's helped the country become a key player in the global shoe market, with exports totalling €1.8bn in 2019, up from €1.3bn in 2010. Paulo Goncalves, a spokesman for the Portuguese Footwear, Components and Leather Goods Manufacturers' Association, describes Luis as part of a "fresh generation of designers" that brought about change. "Luis brought a new discourse to the shoe industry, putting talent and creativity at the forefront of an internationalisation strategy," he says. Luis's business still faces challenges, though. Shoemakers across Europe were already struggling with weaker consumer demand, and rising competition from China, when the coronavirus pandemic hit. Now the global luxury goods market is in a deep freeze. To help out during the global health crisis, Luis paused shoe production at his factory last month to instead make thousands of face masks that were donated to Portuguese citizens. Shoe manufacturing is now up and running again, and Luis is focusing on increasing online sales as physical stores around the world remain closed. He is also betting on a rebound in Asian markets that are further ahead in lifting Covid-19 restrictions.
[EX A]: 'My first collection failed, it was heartbreaking'

[EX Q]: Tommy Tuberville, a former football coach, will face incumbent, Democrat Doug Jones, in November's election. Mr Sessions was the first senator to back Mr Trump as president, but their relationship soured and he was forced out as attorney general in 2018. Conceding defeat, he said he had no regrets over the decisions he had made. He told his supporters he "did the right thing" in recusing himself from investigations into allegations of Russian interference in the 2016 election - a move his boss never forgave him for. Primaries were also held in Maine and Texas on Tuesday. Who is Trump's candidate in Alabama? Mr Trump tweeted his delight at Tuesday's result, saying Tommy Tuberville had "WON big" and would make "a GREAT Senator". Mr Tuberville, 65, was a football coach at multiple US colleges for decades before retiring in 2016 as one of the top 50 most-winning coaches of all time. An outspoken conservative and Trump supporter, he has made appearances on Fox News and was among those calling for Barack Obama to release his birth certificate when some questioned his qualification to run for president. Mr Tuberville told his supporters that Mr Trump had called to congratulate him and added that he considered him to be "the best president in my lifetime", Reuters reports. During his campaign, he had frequently portrayed Mr Sessions as a weak candidate who had "quit on the president" and "failed Alabama". Endorsing him over Mr Sessions following the initial primary vote in March, President Trump described Mr Tuberville as "a REAL LEADER who will never let MAGA/KAG (Make America Great Again/Keep America Great), or our country, down!" Ahead of the runoff, he had described Mr Sessions in a tweet as "a disaster who has let us all down. We don't want him back in Washington!" What's the Trump-Sessions row about? Jeff Sessions, 73, had represented the US Senate from Alabama for 20 years and was known for his conservative views, coming under fire from Democrats over his hard-line stance on immigration. After he became the first US senator to endorse Mr Trump for president, Mr Sessions became the vice-chairman of the White House transition team and eventually gave up his long-time Senate seat to become Mr Trump's first attorney general in 2017. But he fell out of Mr Trump's good graces a year later when he refused to oversee the investigation into alleged Russian meddling in the 2016 election. That inquiry, led by special counsel Robert Mueller, has repeatedly been deemed a "witch hunt" by the president. Mr Sessions recused himself after Democrats accused him of failing to disclose contacts with the Russian ambassador during his attorney general confirmation hearing (which he later claimed he had forgotten about). Since then, Mr Trump has not held back in his criticisms of his former ally, saying choosing Mr Sessions was the "biggest mistake" of his presidency. Mr Sessions has criticised "juvenile insults" against him, but on Tuesday he urged his supporters to back Mr Tuberville and Mr Trump, saying: "We must not cede our nation to the mob or globalist forces. We have borders, laws and history that must be defended." He also said he felt good about leaving elective office with "my integrity intact". "I took the road less travelled, didn't try to excuse myself or get in a fight or undermine the leader of our country, and the great work he has to do. That was an honourable path, I believe."
[EX A]: Jeff Sessions loses bid for Senate seat to Trump-backed Tommy Tuberville

[EX Q]: Mr Puigdemont admitted he had had a moment of doubt but insisted: "We continue!" In his texts, shown by Telecinco, he said "it is over" and Madrid "has won". He has been in Belgium since declaring independence in October, which led to sedition and rebellion charges. The independence declaration followed a controversial referendum, which Spain declared illegal. Mr Puigdemont was due to attend an event in the Belgian town of Leuven on Tuesday but Toni Comín, an aide, went instead and a camera behind him picked up Mr Puigdemont's messages to him. "We are seeing the last days of republican Catalonia," one message reads. "The plan of Moncloa [the Spanish prime minister's official residence in Madrid] has won." He added in another text: "I suppose it is clear that it is over. We have been sacrificed by our own, at least I have." Responding to the broadcast, Mr Puigdemont accused Telecinco of violating his privacy and said he was still president of Catalonia. "I am human and there are times that I also doubt," he wrote on Twitter. "I am also the President and I will not step down out of respect, gratitude and my commitment for the citizens and the country. We keep going!" Mr Puigdemont's texts followed remarks by a spokesman for a rival pro-independence party, the Catalan Republican Left, that the Together for Catalonia party leader "might have to be sacrificed". "It has hurt me greatly, all the insults, rumours and lies that I have received for a common cause," said Mr Puigdemont, who faces arrest if he returns to Spain. Spain imposed direct rule on largely autonomous Catalonia after October's referendum and hoped that elections in December would end the political crisis there. But an alliance of separatist parties still held a majority in the Catalan parliament after the vote. Mr Puigdemont was the only candidate put forward as leader and his supporters suggested that he could carry out the role from Belgium via video link. But earlier this month Spain's constitutional court ruled that Mr Puigdemont could not lead the region's parliament from abroad. In a statement, the court said that it was suspending Mr Puigdemont's swearing-in unless he appeared in the Catalonian parliament in person - and received prior permission from the courts to do so. The charges of rebellion and sedition against Mr Puigdemont are serious, and could result in 30 years in prison. He says he will now dedicate his time to clearing his name.
[EX A]:

Show your work and conclude with the exact phrasing "Therefore, the final answer is [answer]." where [answer] is just the final number or expression that solves the problem.
user
Catalonia's Puigdemont denies giving up after 'defeat' texts

