[External funding for science] Up to the 19th century, natural philosophers were expected to pay for their own equipment and supplies.
[Financement externe de la science] Jusqu'au XIXe siècle, les philosophes naturels étaient censés payer pour leur propre matériel et leurs fournitures.
[External funding for science] Up to the 19th century, natural philosophers were expected to pay for their own equipment and supplies.
[Financement externe de la science] Jusqu'au XIXe siècle, les philosophes naturels étaient censés payer pour leur propre matériel et leurs fournitures.