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tokens: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This article is based on observations made in the Observatorios de Canarias del IAC with the WHT operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes in the Observatorio del los Muchachos. Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programmes 096.C-0130 and 098.D-0222. This work presents results from the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission Gaia . Gaia data is being processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC is provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia MultiLateral Agreement (MLA). The Gaia mission website is https://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia . The Gaia archive website is https://archives.esac.esa.int/gaia . Based on observations obtained as part of the VISTA Hemisphere Survey, ESO Progam, 179.A-2010 (PI: McMahon). Data processing has been contributed by the VISTA Data Flow System at CASU, Cambridge and WFAU, Edinburgh. The VISTA Data Flow System pipeline processing and science archive are described in Irwin et al. ( 2004 ), Hambly et al. ( 2008 ) and Cross et al. ( 2012 ). This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer , which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Synthetic spectra used in this paper are calculated by France Allard and Derek Homeier based on BT-Dusty model atmospheres developed by France Allard. ZHZ was supported by the PSL fellowship.