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tokens: This project was enabled by significant assistance from a wide variety of sources. Gautam Upadhya, Aviv R. Cukierman, Merle Reinhardt, George Chapman, William Januszewski, and Ken Sembach provided help with the HST observations. We thank Ryan Foley and Yen-Chen Pan for obtaining spectra of two reference stars with SOAR and Peter Challis for taking a few spectra of stars that were not ultimately used here. We thank Ed Nelan, Matt Lallo, Fritz Benedict, and Barbara McArthur for productive discussions about the behavior of the FGS. We also thank Leo Girardi, Alessandro Bressan, and Paola Marigo for the use of and assistance with their Padova isochrone database, Anne Robin for assistance with the Besancon Galaxy Model, Eddie Schlafly and D. Marshall for input on the extinction along the line of sight to these stars, and Nolan Walborn for useful discussions on the classification of hot stars. We thank Richard Anderson for useful discussions. We thank Scott Engle for observations relating to Cepheid period observations and Richard Gray for help with MK classification. We thank Kris Stanek for additional observations from the ASAS. Support for this work was provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through programs GO-12879, 13334, 13335, 13344, 13571, 13678, 13686, 13928, 13929, 14062, 14394, 14648, and 14868 from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. A.V.F.’s group at UC Berkeley is also grateful for financial assistance from NSF grant AST-1211916, the TABASGO Foundation, the Christopher R. Redlich Fund, and the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science (UC Berkeley). S.C. and A.G.R. gratefully acknowledge support by the Munich Institute for Astro- and Particle Physics (MIAPP) of the DFG cluster of excellence “Origin and Structure of the Universe.” Research at Lick Observatory is partially supported by a generous gift from Google. This research is based primarily on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope , obtained at STScI, which is operated by AURA, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. Some of the data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and NASA; the Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer ( WISE ), which is a joint project of the University of California (Los Angeles) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by NASA. It has also made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France.