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tokens: We thank N. Featherstone for helping to formulate the idea of creating a rotationally unconstrained near-surface fluid layer in simulations by increasing density contrast, as well as for his work as the primary developer of the Rayleigh code. We thank K. Julien for helpful conversations on the subject of rotational constraint. We thank M. Miesch for illuminating discussion with regard to the high-latitude interaction between differential rotation and meridional circulation. NASA grants NNX13AG18G and NNX16AC92G provided the primary support for this research. Additional support was provided through NASA grants NNX14AG05G, NNX14AC05G, and NNX17AM01G. Computational resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center. We thank the Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics ( http://geodynamics.org ), which is funded by the NSF under awards EAR-0949446 and EAR-1550901, for supporting the development of the Rayleigh code. L.I.M. was supported during this work by a University of Colorado Boulder Chancellor Fellowship and a George Ellery Hale Graduate Fellowship.