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tokens: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Dougal Mackey, Adrian Price-Whelan, David Hogg, Gurtina Besla, David Schiminovich, Alis Deason, and Sergey Koposov for illuminating discussions. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007-2013) / ERC Grant Agreement n. 308024. This research was started at the NYC Gaia DR2 Workshop at the Center for Computational Astrophysics of the Flatiron Institute in April 2018 and made use of data from the European Space Agency mission Gaia ( http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia ), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium ). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.