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tokens: We are grateful to Professor Inga Kamp and Dr. Satoshi Okuzumi for their useful comments. We thank the referee for many important suggestions and comments. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA #2015.1.01259.S and ADS/JAO.ALMA #2013.1.00601.S. ALMA is a partnership of European Southern Observatory (ESO) (representing its member states), National Science Foundation (USA), and National Institutes of Natural Sciences (Japan), together with National Research Council (Canada), National Science Council and Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (Taiwan), and Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, Associated Universities, Inc/National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO), and National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. Our numerical studies were carried out on SR16000 at Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP) and computer systems at Kwasan and Hida Observatory (KIPS) in Kyoto University, and PC cluster at Center for Computational Astrophysics, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. ALMA Data analysis was carried out on the Multi-wavelength Data Analysis System operated by the Astronomy Data Center (ADC), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. S.N. was supported by the ALMA Japan Research Grant of NAOJ Chile Observatory, NAOJ-ALMA-211. This work is supported by JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) (grants No. 25108004, 25108005, 25400229, 15H03646, 15K17750, 17K05399, and 17K14244), by Grants-in-Aid for JSPS fellows (grant No. 16J06887), and by the Astrobiology Center Program of National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS; grant No. AB281013). C.W. acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC; grant No. ST/R000549/1) and start-up funds from the University of Leeds. Astrophysics at Queen’s University Belfast is supported by a grant from the STFC (ST/P000312/1). T.J.M. thanks Leiden Observatory for hospitality.