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tokens: We thank Michele Bellazzini for a very careful reading and useful comments and suggestions that helped to improve the quality of the paper. We also thank the anonymous referee for comments that greatly improved this paper. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under program ID 188.B-3002. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the Gaia -ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 program through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell’ Istruzione, dell’ Università’ e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant “Premiale VLT 2012”. The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the Gaia -ESO workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Program. I.S.R. gratefully acknowledges the support provided by the Gemini-CONICYT project 32110029. C.M. acknowledges the support from CONICYT-PCHA/Doctorado Nacional/2014-21141057. D.G. gratefully acknowledges support from the Chilean BASAL Centro de Excelencia en Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines (CATA) gran PFB-06/2007. S.V. gratefully acknowledges the support provided by Fondecyt reg. 1130721. A.K. and N.K. acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for funding from Emmy-Noether grant Ko 4161/1. U.H. acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB). S.G.S acknowledges the support from the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, FCT (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC), in the form of the fellowships SFRH/BPD/47611/2008.