tokens: We thank the anonymous referee for their detailed comments, which have improved the clarity of this paper. JPS, AMS, RGB, CMH and IRS acknowledge support from STFC (ST/I001573/1 and ST/L00075X/1). JPS also gratefully acknowledges support from a Hintze Research Fellowship. IRS acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced Investigator programme DUSTYGAL 321334 and a Royal Society/Wolfson Merit Award. AJB gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of the Research School of Astronomy Astrophysics at the Australian National University, Mount Stromlo, Canberra where some of this work was done under the Distinguished Visitor scheme. DS acknowledges financial support from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO) through a Veni fellowship and from FCT through an FCT Investigator Starting Grant and Start-up Grant (IF/01154/2012/CP0189/CT0010). PNB is grateful for support from STFC (ST/M001229/1). We thank Holly Elbert, Timothy Green and Laura Prichard for their observations and Alex Karim for providing main-sequence fits. We also thank Matthieu Schaller for discussions on the EAGLE simulation quantities and Omar Almaini for discussions on the UDS. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under the programme IDs 60.A-9460, 092.B-0538, 093.B-0106, 094.B-0061 and 095.B-0035. This research uses data from the VIMOS VLT Deep Survey, obtained from the VVDS data base operated by Cesam, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, France. This paper uses data from the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). VIPERS has been performed using the ESO VLT, under the ‘Large Programme’ 182.A-0886. The participating institutions and funding agencies are listed at http://vipers.inaf.it . This paper uses data from zCOSMOS which is based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla or Paranal Observatories under programme ID 175.A-0839. We acknowledge the Virgo Consortium for making their simulation data available. The EAGLE simulations were performed using the DiRAC-2 facility at Durham, managed by the ICC, and the PRACE facility Curie based in France at TGCC, CEA, Bruyres-le-Chtel. This work is based in part on data obtained as part of the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey.
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