tokens: The authors would like to thank S. Sulis for useful discussions regarding colored noise and periodograms, and J. Löhner-Böttcher for sharing results from the LARS spectrograph. The authors also thank the anonymous referee for useful comments, which improved the clarity of this manuscript. H.M.C. acknowledges the financial support of the National Centre for Competence in Research PlanetS supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); S.S., H.M.C, and C.A.W acknowledge support from the Leverhulme Trust. W.J.C., G.R.D., and C.A.W. acknowledge support from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), including grants ST/I001123/1 and ST/P000312/1. Funding for the Stellar Astrophysics Centre is provided by The Danish National Research Foundation (Grant agreement no.: DNRF106). S.H.S. was supported by NASA Heliophysics LWS grant NNX16AB79G, and M.L.P. was supported by the NSF-REU solar physics program at SAO, grant number AGS-1560313. Some of this work was performed under contract with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) funded by NASA through the Sagan Fellowship Program executed by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (R.D.H.). This work used the DiRAC Data Centric system at Durham University, operated by the Institute for Computational Cosmology on behalf of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility; DiRAC is part of the National E-Infrastructure. This research has made use of NASA’s Astrophysics Data System Bibliographic Services, as well as the VALD database operated at Uppsala University, the Institute of Astronomy RAS in Moscow, and the University of Vienna. Software: MURaM (Vögler et al. 2005 ; Shelyag Przybylski 2014 ; Shelyag 2015 ); OPAL (Rogers et al. 1996 ; Rogers Nayfonov 2002 ); NICOLE (Socas-Navarro 2015 ; Socas-Navarro et al. 2015 ).
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