tokens: normalized to unity at 1 keV, this is seen as a decrease of the reflection amplitude. Figure A2. An example illustration of the effect of the emission of the bottom lamp and of the emission of the top lamp circling around the BH (i.e. crossing twice the equatorial plane). The blue solid and red dashed curves show the observed reflection spectra computed with reflkerr_lp for δ = 0 and 1, respectively, for h = 2, a = 0.998, r in = 4.9, r out = 1000, Γ = 1.7, kT e = 200 keV, ξ = 1, kT bb = 50 eV, and θ o = 9° (thick curves) and 30° (thin curves). The black dotted curve shows the observed primary spectrum. We see the actual reflected spectra may be much weaker with respect to the observed primary emission than those in the approximate (δ = 0) case. In the shown case, this is due mostly to the primary emission of the bottom lamp gravitationally focused toward the observer, which enhances the observed primary flux by as much as a factor of 10 in the case of θ o = 9°. Since our plotted primary spectra are normalized to unity at 1 keV, this enhancement is seen here as a decrease of the amplitude of the reflection. We emphasize that properly assessed reflection amplitude gives an important constraint on the lamppost model, where both the fraction and the radial distribution of photons illuminating the disc surface are fully determined by the height of the primary X-ray source. Then, the radial emission profile is strictly related to assumed geometry, and treating the fraction of reflected photons as a free parameter leads to results which are not self-consistent. Still, our model allows the user to make it free. APPENDIX B: <monospace>hreflect</monospace> We describe here details of our hybrid reflection model. In particular, we apply rescaling of the xillver spectra to account for an angular distribution of reflection predicted by this model, which is different than that of ireflect (with the reflection strength in ireflect larger by a factor of ≃1.5 for edge-on directions). In some cases, we apply also a minor rescaling related with differences of the incident spectra. We explain the criteria which we use to establish the rescaling factor, denoted below by f . We follow an approach similar to that of Done Gierliński ( 2006 ). We use xillver , which applies a more accurate absorption model, as a reference for the spectral shape below ∼20 keV, and ireflect , which correctly describes the angular distribution of the reflected radiation using the exact Klein–Nishina cross-section, as a reference for the reflection amplitude. The absorption model applied in ireflect assumes that the absorption coefficient above 12 keV is ∝ E −3 , then, the depth of its absorption edge at these energies can be matched to that predicted by xillver by modifying any parameter (we choose ξ) affecting the absorption level at 12 keV. As can be seen below, the shapes of ireflect spectra with such an adjusted ξ typically agree very well with those of xillver in the ∼10–30
ner_tags: O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Software O B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula I-Formula I-Formula O O B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula I-Formula B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula I-Formula B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula I-Formula I-Formula B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula I-Formula I-Formula O B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula I-Formula O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Formula I-Formula I-Formula I-Formula O O O O O O O O O O B-Wavelength I-Wavelength O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Model I-Model O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Wavelength O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Tag O O O O O O B-Model I-Model I-Model O O O O O O O B-Model O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Model O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Citation I-Citation I-Citation I-Citation I-Citation O O B-Model O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Wavelength I-Wavelength O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Model O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Model O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Wavelength I-Wavelength O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O B-Model O O O