tokens: We thank the anonymous referee for a constructive report that helped improve the manuscript. The authors also acknowledge various people for helpful and inspiring discussion at various stages during the preparation of this manuscript, including Evan Bauer, Jared Brooks, Maria Drout, JJ Eldridge, Chris Evans, Rob Farmer, Miriam Garcia, Stephan Geier, Zhanwen Han, Edward van den Heuvel, Stephen Justam, Lex Kaper, Alex de Koter, Søren Larsen, Danny Lennon, Pablo Marchant, Colin Norman, Philipp Podsiadlowski, Onno Pols, Mathieu Renzo, Hugues Sana, Tomer Shenar, Nathan Smith, Elizabeth Stanway, Silvia Toonen, Jorick Vink, Manos Zapartas and the VFTS collaboration. This work was carried out on the Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative. The authors acknowledges John Hillier for making his code, CMFGEN, publicly available. YG thank Martin Heemskerk for providing computing expertise and support throughout the project and Alessandro Patruno for allowing us to use the Taurus computer. SdM has received funding under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program from the European Research Council (ERC) (Grant agreement No. 715063). JHG acknowledges support from the Irish Research Council New Foundations Award 206086.14414 “Physics of Supernovae and Stars”. This work made use of v2.2.1 of the Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) models as last described in Eldridge et al. (2017) and Stanway Eldridge (2018) .
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