We investigated the status of infliximab use in intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-resistant Kawasaki disease (KD) patients and the incidence of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs) according to treatment regimens.
Between March 2010 and February 2017, 16 hospitals participated in this study. A total of 102 (32.3±19.9 months, 72 males) who received infliximab at any time after first IVIG treatment failure were enrolled. Data were retrospectively collected using a questionnaire.
Subjects were divided into two groups according to the timing of infliximab administration. Early treatment (group 1) had shorter fever duration (10.5±4.4 days) until infliximab infusion than that in late treatment (group 2) (16.4±4.5 days; p<0.001). We investigated the response rate to infliximab and the incidence of significant CAA (z-score >5). Overall response rate to infliximab was 89/102 (87.3%) and the incidence of significant CAA was lower in group 1 than in group 2 (1/42 [2.4%] vs. 17/60 [28.3%], p<0.001).
This study suggests that the early administration of infliximab may reduce the incidence of significant CAA in patients with IVIG-resistant KD. However, further prospective randomized studies with larger sample sizes are required.