As of January 2016, 5 originator TNF inhibitors (infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, golimumab and certolizumab pegol) and an infliximab biosimilar are available for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Japan. The efficacy and effectiveness of TNF inhibitors improve with concomitant methotrexate even for the least immunogenic agent. The Japan College of Rheumatology guideline for TNF inhibitor use in RA has been updated in March 2015, including recent evidences of effectiveness and safety partly from the postmarketing surveillance data in Japan. During the remission induction phase, maintenance of drug trough level above effective blood concentration is paramount, while the tapering and withdrawal of TNF inhibitors may be considered after achieving sustained remission.