. Canonero (1993), ‘Preferential trading arrangements:estimating the effects on South Asian countries’, mimeo, Yale Universityand the World Bank.Srinivasan, T.N. and G. Canonero (1995), ‘Preferential trading arrangementsin South Asia: theory, empirics and policy’, mimeo, Yale University and theWorld Bank.Stiglitz, J. (2002), Globalization and its Discontents, New York: W.W.Norton.
216
Regionalism in global trade
Summers, L.H. (1991), ‘Regionalism and the world trading systems’, in PolicyImplications of Trade and Currency Zones, Kansas City: Federal ReserveBank of Kansas City, pp.295–302.Suppel, R. (2000), Emerging Europe’s EU Accession: The Economics’,London: Morgan Guaranty Trust Company.Tinbergen, J. (1966), Shaping the World Economy: Suggestions for anInternational Economic Policy, New York: Twentieth Century Fund.Trachtman, J.P. (2003), ‘Toward open regionalism? Standardization andregional integration under Article XXIV of the GATT’, Journal ofInternational Economic Law, 6 (2), 230–256.Trebilcock, M.J., M.A. Chandler and R. Howse (1990), Trade andTransitions, London: Routledge.UN (United Nations) (2001), World Economic Situation and Prospects 2001,New York: UN.UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) (2000),The World Investment Report 2000, Geneva and New York: UNCTAD.Vamvakidis, A. (1997), ‘International integration and economic growth’, PhDdissertation, Department of Economics, Harvard University.Vamvakidis, A. (1998), ‘Regional integration and economic growth’, WorldBank Economic Review, 12 (2), 251–270.Vamvakidis, A. (1999), ‘Regional trade agreements or broad liberalization:which path leads to faster growth?’, IMF Staff Papers, 46 (1), 42–68.Vedrine, H. (2000), ‘A greater Europe by reform’, Financial Times, 7September, p.14.Venables, A.J. (2002), ‘Winners and losers from regional integrationagreements’. Available on the Internet at http://econ.lse.ac.uk/staff/ajv/research_material.html#regint, accessed April 2003.Venables, A.J. (2004), ‘Regional integration agreements: a force forconvergence or divergence?’, Economic Journal.Venables, A.J. and L.A. Winters (2003), ‘Economic integration in theAmericas: European perspectives’, unpublished manuscript, LondonSchool of Economics.Viner, J. (1950), The Customs Union Issue, New York: Carnegie Endowmentfor International Peace.Wain, B. (2000), ‘Asia-Pacific body loses its way’, Asian Wall Street Journal,10 November, p.8.WB (World Bank) (2000), Trade Blocs, New York: Oxford UniversityPress.Whalley, J. (2000), ‘Why do countries seek regional trade agreements?’,Working Paper No. 5552, National Bureau of Economic Research,Cambridge, MA.Winters, L.A. (1999), ‘Regionalism for developing countries: assessing costs
Bibliography
217
and benefits’, in J. Burki, G. Perry and S. Calvo (eds), Trade: TowardsOpen Regionalism, Washington, DC: World Bank, pp.141–185.Winters, L.A. (2000), ‘Regionalism and multilateralism: what do economistshave to say?’, DEC Note, Washington, DC: World Bank.Wolf, H. (2000), ‘(Why) do borders matter for trade?’, in G. Hess and E. vanWincoop (eds), International Macroeconomics, Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, pp.159–186.World Investment Report (2000), New York and Geneva: United Nations.WTO (World Trade Organization) (1995), ‘Regional and the world tradingsystems’, report, Geneva.WTO (World Trade Organization) (1998), ‘Report of the Committee onRegional Trade Agreements to the General Council’, WT/REG/7, Geneva.WTO (World Trade Organization) (1999), Annual Report 1999, Geneva:WTO.WTO (World Trade Organization) (2001), ‘WTO Ministerial Conference:Briefing Notes’, Geneva. Available on the Internet at http://www.heva.wtoministerial.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/minist01_e/brief_e/brief01.WTO (World Trade Organization) (2001a), ‘Doha Ministerial Communiqué’,published by the WTO on 14 November 2001.WTO (World Trade Organization) (2002a), ‘Regional trade integration undertransformation’, background paper prepared by the Trade Policy ReviewDivision of the WTO for the conference on The Changing Architecture ofthe Global Trading System, organized by the World Trade Organization on26 April, Geneva.WTO (World Trade Organization) (2002b), Basic Information on RegionalTrade Agreements, WT/REG.W/44, Committee on Regional TradeAgreements, Geneva.WTO (World Trade Organization) (2002c), Annual Report 2002, Geneva:WTO.WTO (World Trade Organization) (2003),’Trade liberalization statistics’,available on the WTO website at http://www.gatt.org/ July 02.WTO (World Trade Organization) (2003a), ‘A changing landscape of RTAs’,published by the WTO on 14 November 2001.Yamazawa, I. (1998), ‘Progress towards the Bogor target: a quantitativeassessment’, report, Pacific Economic Cooperation Council, JapanCommittee, Tokyo.Yamazawa, I. (2000), ‘Regional cooperation in a changing globalenvironment: success and failure of East Asia’, paper presented at theUNCTAD X, High-Level Round Table on Trade and Development, inBangkok, 12 February.Yeats, A. (1998), ‘What can be expected from African regional trade agreements? Some empirical evidence’, mimeo, World Bank, Washington, DC.
218
Regionalism in global trade
Yi, S.S. (1997), ‘Stable coalition structures with externalities’, Games andEconomic Behavior, 20 (1), 201–31.Zissimos, B. and D. Vines (2000), ‘Is WTO’s Article XXIV a free tradebarrier?’, CSGR Working Paper No. 49/00, Centre for the Study ofGlobalization and Regionalization, University of Warwick, February.Zoellick, R.B. (2002), ‘Falling behind on free trade’, New York Times, Section4, 14 April, p.13.
IndexAgreement in Agriculture, 186–7Agreement in Textiles and Clothing,186–7agricultural trade, 90–91antidumping measures, 115–16, 194Asia Europe Meeting, 158–9Asia–Pacific Economic Cooperationforum, 3, 59, 115, 124, 133–4,150–55Asia-Plus-Three, 132–3, 158–60Asian crisis, 124–5Asian Monetary Fund, 160the Basel Committee on BankingSupervision, 32binding tariffs, 27–8borderless economy, 2Bogor declaration, 152The Bretton Woods twins, 1The Cartagena Agreement, 188Central and East European Countries,35, 44, 67–70,Chiang Mai Initiative, 159Closer Economic Partnership, 161Cobden–Chevalier Treaty, 5Committee on Regional TradeAgreements, 6, 103–104,Common effective preferential tariffs,146–7common external tariffs, 6–7, 38, 47–8,72, 100–101, 184,clustering effect, 39–40cross-regional initiatives, 91–4cumulative causation, 39–40deepening integration, 66–7developing economies, 36–7, 76–7Dillon Round, 70Doha Development Agenda, 106–107Doha Ministerial Conference, 112–13
Doha Round of MTNs, 104–107, 113domino effect, 62dynamic benefits, 45–9economic cooperation, 91economic integration agreement, 9–10,62–3, 110–113emerging-market economies, 28Enabling Clause, 98export pessimism, 172export promotion, 10European Economic Community, 9, 16,26, 74Single Market Programme, 57–8, 101European Monetary Union, 67–8, 132–3European Union, 3, 12, 35–6, 41–2,91–3, 108, 136–7Accession Treaty, 44EC-91, 74EC-92, 57–8Lome Convention, 77flying geese hypothesis, 130Free Trade Area of the Americas, 4, 27,65, 115, 179–80, 188Miami Summit, 136, 192–9foreign direct investment, 42–3Fortress Europe, 71–2Fourth Ministerial Conference, 104generalized system of preferences, 87GATS, 27, 33–4, 110–113, 144–5Article XVII, 110–111Article XXV, 110–111Doha Ministerial Conference, 112–13GATT Article XXI, 20Article XIX, 21Article XXIV, 63, 73–4, 76–7, 95,98–9, 101–104Article I, 95–6notification, 58–9219
220
Regionalism in global trade
GATT-WTO system, 96–100, 176globalization, 1–4process, 1–2globalism, 1–4gravity model, 123–4, 137–40, 154–5Green Room process, 104–105Group of Ten, 159harmonization of regulations, 27–8Heckscher-Ohlin theory, 124import-substituting industrialization, 10,123income convergence, 49–51Indian ocean rim, 155–8individual action plan, 153–4innocent by stander, 51–2International Center for Settlement ofInvestment Disputes, 42International Organization for Standards,32Kennedy Round, 28, 34, 70Keidanren, 166Latin American crisis, 173–4least-developed countries, 159liberalization, 29–30locking in, 84, 183–4linkages, 39–40backward and forward, 39–40links with trade policy regime, 85–6The Maastricht Treaty, 67–8Market-driven integration, 126–8Miami Summit, 136most-favored-nation clause, 5, 75–6liberalization, 94principle, 96–7rules of origin, 87–8multilateral trade, 69–71multilateral trade negotiations, 28–9,70–71, 101–102, 187Dillon Round, 70Kennedy Round, 70liberalization, 28–9Tokyo Round, 28, 98treatment, 42–44Uruguay Round, 28, 70–71, 73,111–12, 171–2, 183, 186
multilateralism, 5mutual recognition agreement, 72–3natural trading partners, 132–7New-Age bilateral initiatives, 160–62new-age FTAs, 69new regionalism, 64–6, 182–5non-tariff barriers, 8, 28, 66–7,148,153–4, 184open regionalism, 83–4, 94, 144–5, 149,152–3, 185–6concept, 4Pacific Business Forum, 154Peter Drucker, 2Plaza Accord, 128–30policy integration, 30–32product-life cycle, 130–31production networks, 1, 130–32quantitative restrictions, 20–21, 36, 143quadrilateral group, 104reciprocity, 101–103regional integration, 69–70regionalism, 1–4, 140–43in Latin America, 172–3welfare implications, 44–9rules of origin, 12, 19, 87–8, 135, 177regional integration agreements, 2–3,25–6before-and-after comparison, 32–3definition, 8developing economies, 37–8dynamic benefits, 45–9economic cooperation, 91foreign direct investment, 42–4fortress mentality, 71liberalization, 29, 83–4spatial clustering, 39–40trade expansion, 25–6trade policy reforms, 27WTO debate, 94–104sanitary and phytosanitary measures,72–7Seattle Ministerial Conference, 160–61sectoral specialization, 41–2Singapore issues, 113–15, 193
221
IndexSingle Market Programme, 57–8, 101single undertaking, 153small economies, 37–8spaghetti bowl effect, 18–19spatial clustering, 39–41technical barriers to trade, 72–4theory of unbalanced growth, 39–40the Third Ministerial Conference, 105Tokyo Round, 28, 98transnational corporations, 59–61trade liberalization, 94Trade Related Aspects of IntellectualProperty Rights, 33–4transport costs, 2–3The Treaty of Rome, 141,172Uruguay Round, 28, 70–71, 73, 111–12,
171–2, 183, 186Vinerian concept, 44–5, 95Welfare implications, 44–9World Customs Organization, 114WTO debate on RIAs, 94–104World Trade Organization, 1, 17, 28–9,48–9, 62–3, 88–9, 94–7, 103–107Doha Development Agenda, 106–107Doha Ministerial Conference, 112–13Doha Round of MTNs, 104–107, 113forum, 27–8The Fourth Ministerial Conference,104–107Seattle Ministerial Conference,160–61The Third Ministerial Conference, 105
<|end|>