a genuine breakout.PRICE EARNINGS RATIO — Price of stock divided by earnings (which mayor may not be real) to give the p/e ratio. Sometimes an unnatural, or imaginary, number.PRIMARY TREND — See Major Trend.PROGRAM TRADING — Trades based on signals from various computerprograms, usually entered directly from the trader’s computer to the market’s computer system. EN: Usually indicates large volume transactions on largebaskets of stocks by professional traders.PROGRESSIVE STOP — A stop order which follows the market up or down.(See also Stop.)PROTECTIVE STOP — A stop order used to protect gains or limit losses inan existing position. (See also Stop.)PULLBACK — Return of prices to the boundary line of the pattern after abreakout to the downside. Return after an upside breakout is called a Throwback.PUT — An option to sell a specified amount of a stock or commodity at anagreed time at the stated exercise price.RAIL AVERAGE — See Dow–Jones Transportation Average.RALLY — An increase in price which retraces part of the previous pricedecline.RALLY TOPS — A price level that finishes a short-term rally in an ongoingtrend.RANGE — The difference between the high and low during a specific timeperiod.REACTION — A decline in price which retraces part of the previous priceadvance.RECIPROCAL, MARKET — See Market Reciprocal.
AU3772_book.fm Page 762 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
762
Technical Analysis of Stock Trends
RECOVERY — See Rally.RECTANGLE — A trading area which is bounded on the Top and the Bottomwith horizontal, or near horizontal, lines. A Rectangle can be either a Reversalor Continuation Pattern depending on the direction of the breakout. Minimum Measuring Formula: add the width (difference between Top and Bottom) of the Rectangle to the breakout point.RED PARALLEL — A line drawn parallel to the trendline (Red Trendline)which connects at least two Bottoms. The Red Parallel (basically a ReturnLine) is started off a high and used to estimate the next high point.RED TRENDLINE — A straight line connecting two or more Bottomstogether. To avoid confusion, Edwards and Magee use a red line for BottomTrendlines and a blue line for Top Trendlines.RELATIVE STRENGTH (RS or RS INDEX) — A stock’s price movement overthe past year as compared to a market index (most often the Standard &Poor’s 500 Index). Value below 1 means the stock shows relative weaknessin price movement (underperformed the market); a value above 1 means thestock shows relative strength over the 1-year period.Equation for Relative Strength:Current Stock Price/Year-Ago Stock PriceCurrent S&P 500/Year-Ago S&P 500(See also Wilder Relative Strength Index.)RESISTANCE LEVEL — A price level at which a sufficient supply of stockis forthcoming to stop, and possibly turn back for a time, an uptrend.RETRACEMENT — A price movement in the opposite direction of theprevious trend.RETURN LINE — See Ascending or Descending Trend Channels.REVERSAL GAP — A chart formation where the low of the last day is abovethe previous day’s range, with the close above midrange and above the open.REVERSAL PATTERN — An Area Pattern which breaks out in a directionopposite to the previous trend. (See also Ascending Triangle, BroadeningFormation, Broadening Top, Descending Triangle, Diamond, Dormant Bottom, Double Bottom or Top, Triple Bottom or Top, Head-and-Shoulders,Rectangle, Rounding Bottom or Top, Saucer, Symmetrical Triangle, and Rising or Falling Wedge.)RIGHT-ANGLED BROADENING TRIANGLE — Area Pattern with oneboundary line horizontal and the other at an angle which, when extended,will converge with the horizontal line at some point to the left of the pattern.Similar in shape to Ascending and Descending Triangles, except they areinverted and look like Flat-Topped or Bottomed Megaphones. Right-AngledBroadening Formations generally carry Bearish implications regardless of
AU3772_book.fm Page 763 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
Glossary
763
which side is flat. But any decisive breakout (3% or more) through thehorizontal boundary line has the same forceful significance as does a breakout in an Ascending or Descending Triangle.RIGHT-ANGLE TRIANGLES — See Ascending and Descending Triangles.RISING WEDGE — An Area Pattern with two upward-slanting, convergingtrendlines. Normally, it takes more than 3 weeks to complete, and volumewill diminish as prices move toward the apex of the pattern. The anticipateddirection of the breakout in a Rising Wedge is down. Minimum MeasuringFormula: a retracement of all the ground gained within the wedge.ROUND LOT — A block of stock consisting of 100 shares of stock.ROUND TRIP — The cost of one complete stock or commodity transaction,i.e., the entry cost and the offset cost combined.ROUNDING BOTTOM — An Area Pattern which pictures a gradual, progressive, and fairly symmetrical change in the trend from down to up. Boththe Price Pattern (along its lows) and the Volume Pattern show a concaveshape often called a Bowl or Saucer. There is no minimum measuring formula associated with this Reversal Pattern.ROUNDING TOP — An Area Pattern which pictures a gradual, progressive,and fairly symmetrical change in the trend from up to down. The PricePattern, along its highs, shows a convex shape sometimes called an InvertedBowl. The Volume Pattern is concave shaped (a bowl) as trading activitydeclines into the peak of the Price Pattern, and increases when prices beginto fall. There is no measuring formula associated with this Reversal Pattern.RUNAWAY GAP — A relatively wide gap in prices which occurs in anadvance or decline gathering momentum. Also called a “Measuring Gap,”since it frequently occurs at just about the halfway point between the breakout which started the move and the Reversal Day which calls an end to it.Minimum Measuring Formula: take the distance from the original breakoutpoint to the start of the gap, and add it to the other side of the gap.RUNNING MARKET — A market wherein prices are moving rapidly in onedirection with very few or no price changes in the opposite direction.SAUCER — See Rounding Bottom and Scallop.SCALLOPS — A series of Rounding Bottom (Saucer) Patterns where therising end always carries prices a little higher than the preceding Top at thebeginning of the pattern. Net gains will vary from stock to stock, but thereis a strong tendency for it to amount to 10–15% of the price. The total reaction,from the left-hand Top of each Saucer to its Bottom, is usually in the 20–30%area. Individual Saucers in a Scallop series are normally 5 to 7 weeks long,and rarely less than 3 weeks. The volume will show a convex or Bowl Pattern.SECONDARY TREND — See Intermediate Trend.
AU3772_book.fm Page 764 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
764
Technical Analysis of Stock Trends
SELLING CLIMAX — A period of extraordinary volume which comes at theend of a rapid and comprehensive decline which exhausts the margin reservesof many speculators or patience of investors. Total volume turnover may exceedany single day’s volume during the previous upswing as Panic Selling sweepsthrough the stock or commodity. Also called a Clean-Out Day, a Selling Climaxreverses the technical conditions of the market. Although it is a form of aOne-Day Reversal, it can take more than one day to complete.SEMILOGARITHMIC SCALE — Price or volume scale where the distanceon the vertical axis (i.e., space between horizontal lines) represents equalpercentage changes.SENSITIVITY — An index used by Edwards and Magee to measure theprobable percentage movement (sensitivity) of a stock during a specifiedpercentage move in the stock market as a whole. EN: More or less equivalent,or with the same intent as beta.SHAKEOUT — A corrective move large enough to “shake out” nervousinvestors before the Primary Trend resumes.SHORT INTEREST — The number of shares that have been sold short andnot yet repurchased. This information is published monthly by the New YorkStock Exchange.SHORT SALE — A transaction where the entry position is to sell a stock orcommodity first and to repurchase it (hopefully at a lower price) at a laterdate. In the stock market, shares you do not own can be sold by borrowingshares from the broker, and replacing them when the offsetting repurchasetakes place. In the commodity market, contracts are created when a buyerand seller get together through a floor broker. As a result, the procedure tosell in the commodity market is the same as it is to buy.SHOULDER — See Head-and-Shoulders Patterns.SMOOTHING — A mathematical approach that removes excess data variability while maintaining a correct appraisal of the underlying trend.SPIKE — A sharp rise in price in a single day or two.STOCHASTIC — Literally means random.STOCHASTICS — The Stochastic Oscillator, developed by George Lane,compares a security’s price closing level to its price range over a specificperiod of time. This indicator shows, Lane theorized, that in an upwardlytrending market, prices tend to close near their high; and during a downwardtrending market, prices tend to close near their low. As an upward trendmatures, prices tend to close further away from their high; as a downwardtrend matures, prices tend to close away from their low. The StochasticIndicator attempts to determine when prices start to cluster around theirlow of the day in an uptrending market, and cluster around their high in adowntrend. Lane theorizes these conditions indicate a Trend Reversal is
AU3772_book.fm Page 765 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
Glossary
765
beginning to occur. The Stochastic Indicator is plotted as two lines, the %DLine and %K Line. The %D Line is more important than the %K Line. TheStochastic is plotted on a chart with values ranging from 0 to 100. The valuecan never fall below 0 or above 100. Readings above 80 are considered strongand indicate a price is closing near its high. Readings below 20 are strongand indicate a price is closing near its low. Ordinarily, the %K Line willchange direction before the %D Line. However, when the %D Line changesdirection prior to the %K Line, a slow and steady Reversal is often indicated.When both %K and %D Lines change direction, and the faster %K Linechanges direction to retest a crossing of the %D Line, though doesn’t crossit, the incident confirms stability of the prior Reversal. A powerful move isunder way when the Indicator reaches its extremes around 0 and 100. Following a Pullback in price, if the Indicator retests extremes, a good entrypoint is indicated. Many times, when the %K or %D Lines begin to flattenout, the action becomes an indication the trend will reverse during the nexttrading range. (See also Appendix C.)STOCK SPLIT — A procedure used by management to establish a differentmarket price for its shares by changing the common stock structure of thecompany. Usually a lower price is desired, and established by canceling theoutstanding shares and reissuing a larger number of new certificates tocurrent shareholders. The most common ratios are 2-to-1, 3-to-1, and 3-to-2.Occasionally, a higher price is desired and a reverse split takes place whereone new share is issued for some multiple number of old shares.STOP — A contingency order which is placed above the current market priceif it is to buy, or below the current market price if it is to sell. A stop orderbecomes a market order only when the stock or commodity moves up to theprice of the buy stop, or down to the price of a sell stop. A stop can be usedto enter a new position or exit an old position. (See also Protective or Progressive Stop.)STOP LOSS — See Protective Stop.SUPPLY — Amount of stock available at a given price.SUPPLY LINE — See Resistance.SUPPORT LEVEL — The price level at which a sufficient amount of demandis forthcoming to stop, and possibly turn higher for a time, a downtrend.SYMMETRICAL TRIANGLE — Also called a Coil. Can be a Reversal orContinuation Pattern. A sideways congestion where each Minor Top fails toattain the height of the previous rally and each Minor Bottom stops abovethe level of the previous low. The result is upper and lower boundary lineswhich converge, if extended, to a point on the right. The upper boundary linemust slant down and the lower boundary line must slant up, or it would be avariety of a Wedge. Volume tends to diminish during formation. MinimumFormula: add the widest distance within the Triangle to its breakout point.
AU3772_book.fm Page 766 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
766
Technical Analysis of Stock Trends
TANGENT — See Trendline.TAPE READER — One who makes trading decisions by watching the flowof New York Stock Exchange and American Stock Exchange price and volume data coming across the electronic ticker tape.TEKNIPLAT PAPER — A specially formatted, two-cycle, semilogarithmicgraph paper, with sixth-line vertical accents, used to chart stock or commodity prices. Check the web site: www.edwards-magee.com.TEST — A term used to describe the activity of a stock or commodity whenit returns to, or “tests,” the validity of a previous trendline, or Support orResistance Level.THIN ISSUE — A stock which has a low number of floating shares and islightly traded.THREE-DAY-AWAY RULE — An arbitrary time period used by Edwardsand Magee in marking suspected Minor Tops or Bottoms.THROWBACK — Return of prices to the boundary line of the pattern aftera breakout to the upside. Return after a downside breakout is called aPullback.TOP — See Broadening Top, Descending Triangle, Double Top,Head-and-Shoulders Top, Triple Top, and Rounding Top.TREND — The movement of prices in the same general direction, or thetendency or proclivity to move in a straight line. (See also Ascending,Descending, and Horizontal Parallel Trend Channels, Convergent Trend,Divergent Trend, Intermediate Trend, Major Trend, and Minor Trend.)TREND CHANNEL — A parallel probable price range centered about themost likely price line.TRENDING MARKET — Price continues to move in a single direction,usually closing strongly for the day.TRENDLINE — If we actually apply a ruler to a number of charted pricetrends, we quickly discover the line that most often is really straight in anuptrend is a line connecting the lower extremes of the Minor Recessionswithin these lines. In other words, an advancing wave in the stock marketis composed of a series of ripples, and the bottoms of each of these ripplestend to form on, or very close to, an upward slanting straight line. The topsof the ripples are usually less even; sometimes they also can be defined bya straight line, but more often, they vary slightly in amplitude, and so anyline connecting their upper tips would be more or less crooked. On adescending price trend, the line most likely to be straight is the one thatconnects the tops of the Minor Rallies within it, while the Minor Bottomsmay or may not fall along a straight edge. These two lines — the one thatslants up along the successive wave bottoms within a broad up-move and
AU3772_book.fm Page 767 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
Glossary
767
the one that slants down across successive wave tops within a broad downmove — are the Basic Trendlines. You draw an Up Trendline by drawing theline on the inner side. You draw a Down Trendline by drawing it on theoutside. You draw a Sideways Trendline on the bottom.TRIANGLE — See Ascending Triangle, Descending Triangle, Right-AngledBroadening Triangle, and Symmetrical Triangle.TRIPLE BOTTOM — Similar to a flat Head-and-Shoulders Bottom, or Rectangle, the three Bottoms in a Triple Bottom.TRIPLE TOP — An Area Pattern with three Tops which are widely spacedand with quite deep, and usually rounding, reactions between them. Lessvolume occurs on the second peak than the first peak, and still less on thethird peak. Sometimes called a “W” Pattern, particularly if the second peakis below the first and third. The Triple Top is confirmed when the declinefrom the third Top penetrates the Bottom of the lowest valley between thethree peaks.200-DAY MOVING AVERAGE LINE — Is determined by taking the closingprice over the past 200 trading days and dividing by 200, then repeating theprocess each succeeding day, always dropping off the earliest day.UPTICK — A securities transaction which is made at a price higher than thepreceding transaction.UPTREND — See Ascending Trendline and Trend.UTILITY AVERAGE — See Dow–Jones Utility Average.V/D VOLUME — Is the ratio between the daily up-volume to the dailydownvolume. It is a 50-day ratio which is determined by dividing the totalvolume on those days when the stock closed up from the prior day by thetotal volume on days when the stock closed down.VALIDITY OF TRENDLINE PENETRATION — The application of the following three tests when a trendline is broken to determine whether the breakis valid, or whether the trendline is still basically intact: (1) the extent of thepenetration, (2) the volume of trading on the penetration, and (3) the tradingaction after the penetration.VALLEY — The V-shaped price action which occurs between two peaks.(See also Double Top and Triple Top.)VOLATILITY — A measure of a stock’s tendency to move up and down inprice, based on its daily price history over the latest 12-month period. EN:See formula in Resources.VOLUME — The number of shares in stocks or contracts in commoditieswhich are traded over a specified period of time.“W” FORMATION — See Triple Top.
AU3772_book.fm Page 768 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
768
Technical Analysis of Stock Trends
WEDGE — A chart formation in which the price fluctuations are confinedwithin converging straight (or practically straight) lines.WILDER RELATIVE STRENGTH INDICATOR (RSI) — Although relativestrength, comparing a security price to a benchmark index price, has beenaround for some time, this indicator was developed by J. Welles Wilder, asexplained in his 1978 book, New Concepts in Technical Trading.Relative Strength is often used to identify price Tops and Bottoms bykeying on specific levels (usually “30” and “70”) on the RSI chart, which isscaled from 0-100. The RSI can also be useful to show:1.2.3.4.
Movement which might not be as readily apparent on the bar chart.Failure Swings above 70 or below 30, warning of coming Reversals.Support and Resistance Levels appear with greater clarity.Divergence between the RSI and price can often be a useful Reversalindicator.
The Relative Strength Index requires a certain amount of lead-up time inorder to operate successfully.
AU3772_book.fm Page 769 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
BibliographyAllen, R.C., How to Use the 4 Day, 9 Day and 18 Day Moving Averages to Earn LargerProfits from Commodities, Best Books, Chicago, 1974.Arms, Richard W., Volume Cycles in the Stock Market. Market Timing Through EquivolumeCharting, Dow Jones-Irwin, Homewood, IL, 1983.Arms, Richard W., Jr., The Arms Index, TRlN), Dow Jones-Irwin, Homewood, IL,1989.Belveal, L. Dee, Charting Commodity Market Price Behavior, 2nd ed., Dow Jones-lrwin,Homewood, IL, 1985.Bernstein, Jacob, The Handbook of Commodity Cycles. A Window on Time, John Wiley &Sons, New York, 1982.Bernstein, Peter, Against the Gods, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996.Blumenthal, Earl, Chart for Profit Point & Figure Trading, Investors Intelligence, Larchmont, NY, 1975.Bolton, A. Hamilton, The Elliott Wave Principle. A Critical Appraisal, Monetary Research, Hamilton, Bermuda, 1960, Bressert, Walter J. and James Hardie Jones,The HAL Blue Book. How to Use Cycles With an Over-Bought/Oversold and Momentum Index For More Consistent Profits, HAL Market Cycles, Tucson, AZ, 1984.Chicago Board of Trade, “CBOT Dow Jones Industrial Average and Futures Options,”Chicago, 1997.Cohen, A.W., How to Use the Three-Point Reversal Method of Point & Figure Stock MarketTrading, 8th rev. ed., Chartcraft, Larchmont, NY, 1982.Cootner, Paul H., Ed., The Random Character of Stock Market Prices, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1964.de Villiers, Victor, The Point and Figure Method of Anticipating Stock Price Movements.Complete Theory and Practice, Windsor Books, Brightwaters, NY, orig. 1933, reprinted in 1975.Dewey, Edward R. with Og Mandino, Cycles, the Mysterious Forces That Trigger Events,Manor Books, New York, 1973.Dobson, Edward D., Understanding Fibonacci Numbers, Trader Press, Greenville, SC,1984.Dreman, David, Contrarian Investment Strategy, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1974.Dunn & Hargitt Point and Figure Commodity Trading. A Computer Evaluation, Dunn &Hargitt, Lafayette, IN, 1971.Dunn & Hargitt Trader’s Notebook. Trading Methods Checked by Computer, Dunn &Hargitt, Lafayette, IN, 1970.Elliott, Ralph N., The Major Works of R.N. Elliott, Prechter, R., Ed., New ClassicsLibrary, Chappaqua, NY, 1980.Emery, Walter L., Ed., Commodity Year Book, Commodity Research Bureau, Jersey City,NJ, annually.Frost, Alfred J. and Robert R. Prechter, Elliott Wave Principle, Key to Stock Market Profits,New Classics Library, Chappaqua, NY, 1978.Galbraith, John K., The Great Crash 1929, Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1961.Gann, W.D., How to Make Profits in Commodities, rev. ed., Lambert-Gann Publishing,Pomeroy, WA, orig. 1942, reprinted 1976.
769
AU3772_book.fm Page 770 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
770
Technical Analysis of Stock Trends
Granville, Joseph E., New Strategy of Daily Stork Market Timing for Maximum Profits,Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1976.Hadady, R. Earl, Contrary Opinion. How to Use it For Profit in Trading CommodityFutures, Hadady Publications, Pasadena, CA, 1983.Hurst, J.M., The Profit Magic of Transaction Timing, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs,NJ, 1970.Jiler, Harry, Ed., Guide to Commodity Price Forecasting. Commodity Research Bureau,New York, 1971.Jiler, William L., How Charts Can Help You in the Stock Market, Trendline, New York,1962.Jorion, Philippe, Value at Risk, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996.Kaufman, Perry J., Commodity Trading Systems and Methods, Wiley, New York, 1978.Kaufman, Perry J., Technical Analysis in Commodities, John Wiley & Sons, New York,1980.MacKay, Charles, Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, ThreeRivers Press, New York, 1980.Magee, John, Analyzing Bar Charts for Profit, John Magee Inc. (now St. Lucie Press,Boca Raton FL), 1994.Magee, John, Winning the Mental Game on Wall Street, (2nd edition of The GeneralSemantics of Wall Street), edited by W.H.C. Bassetti, St. Lucie Press, Boca Raton,FL, 2000.Mandelbrot, O., “A MultiFractal Walk Down Wall Street,” Scientific American, February 1999, June 1999.McMillan, Lawrence G., Options as a Strategic Investment, New York Institute ofFinance, New York, 1993.Natenberg, Sheldon, Option Volatility and Pricing Strategy, rev. ed., Probus PublishingCompany, Chicago, 1994.Niederhoffer, Victor, The Education of a Speculator, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1997.Nison, Steve, Beyond Candlesticks, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1994.Nison, Steve, Japanese Candlestick Charting Techniques, New York Institute of Finance,New York, 1991.O’Neil, William J., How to Make Money in Stocks, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York,1995.Patel, Charles, Technical Trading Systems for Commodities and Stocks, Trading SystemsResearch, Walnut Creek, CA, 1980.Pring, Martin, Technical Analysis Explained, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1985.Pring, Martin J., Technical Analysis Explained, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1991.Schultz, John W., The Intelligent Chartist, WRSM Financial Services, New York, 1962.Schwager, Jack D., A Complete Guide to the Futures Markets. Fundamental AnalysisTechnical Analysis, Trading Spreads and Options, John Wiley & Sons, New York,1984.Schwager, Jack, Schwager on Futures, Technical Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York,1996.Schwager, Jack D., Market Wizards, HarperBusiness, New York, 1990.Schwager, Jack D., The New Market Wizards, HarperBusiness, New York, 1992.Shibayama, Zenkei, Zen Comments on the Mumonkan, Harper and Row, New York,1974.Sklarew, Arthur, Techniques of a Professional Commodity Chart Analyst, CommodityResearch Bureau, New York, 1980.
AU3772_book.fm Page 771 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
GlossaryBibliography
771
Teweles, Richard J., Charles V. Harlow, and Herbert L. Stone, The Commodity FuturesGame — Who Wins? — Who loses? — Why?, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York,1974.Vodopich, Donald R., Trading For Profit With Precision Timing, Precision Timing, Atlanta, GA, 1984.Wheelan, Alexander H., Study Helps in Point and Figure Technique, Morgan Rogers,1966.Wilder, J. Welles, New Concepts in Technical Trading Systems, Trend Research, Greensboro, NC, 1978.Williams, Larry R., How I Made $1,000,000 Trading Commodities Last Year, 3rd ed.,Conceptual Management, Monterey, CA, 1979.Zieg, Kermit C., Jr. and Perry J. Kaufman, Point and Figure Commodity Trading Techniques, Investor’s Intelligence, Larchmont, NY, 1975.Zweig, Martin, Winning on Wall Street, Warner Books, New York, 1986.
AU3772_book.fm Page 772 Saturday, November 18, 2006 5:29 PM
AU3772_Index.fm Page 773 Tuesday, November 21, 2006 5:12 PM
IndexAAccrued gain or loss, Preface 7th Ed, 362–3Accumulation, 18 et seq., 57–58, 131–35, 160,198 et seq., 282, 303 et seq., 406, 486,743Pattern (see Bottom)Activity (see Volume)Acts of God, 15, 303Acts of Alan Greenspan, 303, 388, 640AIQ, 678–79AMEX (American Stock Exchange), Chapters17.2, 18.1, 20.1Apex, 100 et seq., 744Apex of Symmetrical Triangleas Support and Resistance, 105, 248 et seg.,497, 527weakness if chart works too far into,103 et seq., 106, 502Chart Examples, 105, 107, 108, 109, 111, 125,140, 191, 249, 250, 257, 482, 526, 529Appel, Gerald, 651Arbitrage, 744Arbitrage, ersatz, 744Area Pattern, Chapters 6, 7, 8, 9, 10; 11, 510, 744(see Ascending Triangle)(see Broadening Formation)(see Descending Triangle)(see Diamond)(see Flag)(see Head-and-Shoulders)(see Inverted Triangle)(see Pennant)(see Rectangle)(see Right-Angle Triangle)(see Symmetrical Triangle)(see Wedge)Arithmetic Scale, 9–11, 76 258 et seq.634 et seq., 744Ascending Trend Channel, Parallel,266 et seq., 451 et seq., 744Chart Examples, 143, 237, 243, 259, 263,265, 266, 269, 271, 273, 289, 292, 478,499Ascending trendline, Chapters 14, 24; 744(see Ascending Trend Channel)
(see Ascending Triangle)(see Diamond)(see Flag)(see Symmetrical Triangle)(see Trend)(see Trendline)(see Wedge)Chart Examples, 69, 71, 88, 114, 116, 117,