 Are bionic suits the future of how we work? Exoskeletons have been around both in concept and in practice for decades. Most people probably think of the bulky suits that Tony Stark wears, but that doesn't seem to be the future of exoskeletons. The future is modular, lightweight, and maybe even right in your workplace. This is Ford's final assembly plant in Wayne, Michigan. If you've never been to a car factory before, which I had not, it's kind of what you might think it would be like. There are lots of moving parts, a steady stream of car husks being transformed into something drivable, and a lot of people hard at work. 3,500 of them in this specific plant. One of those workers stands out. He's one of four people at Ford who have been testing an exoskeleton vest. My name is Paul Collins. I go by Woody. I've been at Ford Motor Company since January of 95. What I do most of the day is I work over my head. I install a carbon can on the CMAX. I also put rubber grommets in on the Focus, on the ST, and on the Bev units. And pretty much that's what I do most of the day long. Almost 70 cars an hour. So how many times a day are you lifting your arm? Oh, that I couldn't tell you. I don't know. I lift my arms probably seven or eight times on each vehicle. So times that by 615. It's a lot. Enter the vest. Since May, Paul has been wearing an exoskeleton adjusted to his height and arm length. So when you're lifting your arms now, where are you getting the assistance? Is it on the way up? Yeah, as I come up here, as soon as I, right now, right now, it's lifting my arms. So as I'm right now, my muscles aren't holding my arms up at all. It's all the vest. Paul told me there was a pretty significant adjustment period and that wearing the vest was at first like wearing a new pair of boots. But after a few weeks, he was sold. The energy level I have now versus what I had before is 100% different. Now that when I go home at night, my wife says let's go somewhere. I jump up, get in the shower. I have more energy to do things around the house. My grandkids come over. I can play with them. Versus going home, plopping on the couch and feeling like you're dead until you got to go to sleep and get up and come and do it all over again the next day. For Ford, the exoskeleton is not about giving people superhuman strength. It's more about preventing injury caused by repeating the same motion hundreds or even thousands of times a day. We're trying to further reduce the amount of injuries that we have in our plants. But if you look at the body parts that are still getting injured, it's predominantly the shoulder. That's our number one joint for injury. It's also the longest to return to full functionality and most costly just because the soft tissues in your shoulder. So we're really trying to prevent shoulder injuries in our assembly plant. That's Marty Smets. He's an ergonomics engineer who works on human systems and virtual manufacturing at Ford. He's the one who's been evaluating different options for exoskeletons and ultimately decided to work with the company Exo on this vest. How many people right now are using this? So we only have four right now in the Michigan area. So we've got a couple at Flat Rock Assembly and a couple at Michigan Assembly and they've been using them pretty much full-time since May. How much do they cost? The devices are around $6,500 a piece. Yeah it really doesn't feel like I'm carrying nine extra pounds. I think I felt worse after Thanksgiving dinner than I feel right now. That's probably 11 or 12 extra pounds if you eat like I do. Speak for yourself. The vest that Ford is trying out happens to not have any electronics in it, but some exosuits do. Like this lower body exoskeleton from Suit X. A California based company that's also working on modular exoskeletons. So we founded the company in 2012. We were at UC Berkeley as graduate students that were under Professor Kazarinie. What problem were you and your team hoping to solve when you decided to make these? We're hoping to solve a problem that people have without replacing the people for industrial use. And they have a very harsh environment. They get back injuries, shoulder injuries, and knee injuries all the time. So we're hoping to make their work environment better. And do these have electronics in them? Not all of them. Only the Leg X has electronics. The electronics there are just to trigger the mechanism, not necessarily running the mechanism. So it's a very lightweight, low battery system. Okay. Like Bluetooth you're using? Yes. So the idea is that if you're wearing an exoskeleton with electronics, it's communicating, but it's not actually doing the work for you. Exactly. Okay. So you see the exoskeleton as something that can help humans do more robotic-like work. Humans do robotic work. I would call it like robots helping human work rather than humans doing robots work. Yeah. Su-Dex also makes exoskeletons for medical use cases. Their first released exoskeleton, the Phoenix, has literally allowed paralyzed people to walk again. But medical exoskeletons, while arguably offering more significant benefits, also tend to be a lot more expensive and need FDA approval. As far as our product map, we have a variety of exoskeletons. One of them exoskeletons for elderly who can actually walk for longer distances without getting tired. We also have exoskeletons for people who want to run, they can run longer distances without getting tired. So their oxygen consumption drops and they will be less fatigued. So that's another product of us which is coming out. So we are looking at variety of element to give a little bit of an enhancement to the person, either to reduce injuries or add to capability. Okay, so exoskeletons are not a new technology. Journals and research papers point to exoskeletons that were being developed back in the 1960s, often for military purposes. The idea was to increase the capabilities of ground soldiers beyond that of a human. Since then exoskeletons have taken on a life of their own, whether they've appeared in pop culture, at trade shows, or in much more legitimate use cases. In Japan, for example, where both an aging and shrinking population mean people are working into their 60s, companies like Panasonic, Honda, and Cyberdyne have introduced a bunch of different industrial exoskeletons. But exoskeletons are still far from mainstream. One big challenge has always been comfort and design, in case that wasn't obvious from the videos you're looking at. Even when the benefits are clear, they can take some getting used to. I have this fear of falling backwards suddenly that I don't normally feel when I'm standing up. It takes some time to get used to it. It's kind of like I feel like if I fell backwards now I wouldn't actually know what to do. The economics of exoskeletons are also a challenge, according to Rich Mahoney, whose company Seismic is working on what he calls powered clothing. What's really interesting is that from an industrial and medical point of view, it is actually very difficult to bring any product to market, not just an exoskeleton. There hasn't really been a form of an exoskeleton at a price point and a use case that makes sense for consumer applications. The jury is still out on which market for exoskeletons could potentially be the biggest. Some analysts say they make the most sense in the military. Others say they're more valuable in health care or in the workplace. More big-name companies have been experimenting with them, including Siemens and Lowe's, but they're still relatively rare. But there's no doubt that this category of wearable robotics has advanced over the past several years. The future of exoskeletons and powered clothing for that matter is really related to the development of the technologies that you need to design them, and so motors, batteries, sensors. And so any developments that make motors more powerful and efficient, that make batteries more condensed, that make sensors smaller and more efficient are going to allow better exoskeletons that still deliver the power that you need. Do you envision a future in which our exoskeletons are completely connected, they're smarter, they're adjusting to you in real time? Absolutely. Right now to us this is like the very early stage. We are expecting a lot more clever devices, just like any other technology, like your cell phone like five, ten years ago was different than the cell phones you have right now. And as you go along these things will get added into that. It's our responsibility to make sure those features coming in at the lowest cost to people, mostly because the customer doesn't have much money. This is not a luxury item, this is for workers and also for people with mobility disorders who really need these devices. So maintaining highest performance at lowest cost is an engineering challenge. Thank you. Are we good? Thank you. It was a pleasure. Nice to talk to you, it was a pleasure. Did you get that part too? This is crazy. I feel like I could use this in the ladies room when I don't want to touch the seat.
 Are bionic suits the future of how we work? Exoskeletons have been around both
 in concept and in practice for decades. Most people probably think of the bulky
 suits that Tony Stark wears, but that doesn't seem to be the future of
 exoskeletons. The future is modular, lightweight, and maybe even right in your
 workplace.
 This is Ford's final assembly plant in Wayne, Michigan. If you've never been to a
 car factory before, which I had not, it's kind of what you might think it would be
 like. There are lots of moving parts, a steady stream of car husks being
 transformed into something drivable, and a lot of people hard at work. 3,500 of
 them in this specific plant. One of those workers stands out. He's one of four
 people at Ford who have been testing an exoskeleton vest. My name is Paul Collins.
 I go by Woody. I've been at Ford Motor Company since January of 95. What I do
 most of the day is I work over my head. I install a carbon can on the CMAX. I also
 put rubber grommets in on the Focus, on the ST, and on the Bev units. And pretty
 much that's what I do most of the day long. Almost 70 cars an hour. So how many
 times a day are you lifting your arm? Oh, that I couldn't tell you. I don't know. I
 lift my arms probably seven or eight times on each vehicle. So times that by
 615. It's a lot. Enter the vest. Since May, Paul has been wearing an exoskeleton
 adjusted to his height and arm length. So when you're lifting your arms now,
 where are you getting the assistance? Is it on the way up? Yeah, as I come up here,
 as soon as I, right now, right now, it's lifting my arms. So as I'm right now, my
 muscles aren't holding my arms up at all. It's all the vest. Paul told me there was
 a pretty significant adjustment period and that wearing the vest was at first
 like wearing a new pair of boots. But after a few weeks, he was sold. The
 energy level I have now versus what I had before is 100% different. Now that
 when I go home at night, my wife says let's go somewhere. I jump up, get in the
 shower. I have more energy to do things around the house. My grandkids come over.
 I can play with them. Versus going home, plopping on the couch and feeling like
 you're dead until you got to go to sleep and get up and come and do it all
 over again the next day. For Ford, the exoskeleton is not about giving people
 superhuman strength. It's more about preventing injury caused by repeating
 the same motion hundreds or even thousands of times a day. We're trying to
 further reduce the amount of injuries that we have in our plants. But if you
 look at the body parts that are still getting injured, it's predominantly the
 shoulder. That's our number one joint for injury. It's also the longest to return
 to full functionality and most costly just because the soft tissues in your
 shoulder. So we're really trying to prevent shoulder injuries in our
 assembly plant. That's Marty Smets. He's an ergonomics engineer who works on human
 systems and virtual manufacturing at Ford. He's the one who's been evaluating
 different options for exoskeletons and ultimately decided to work with the
 company Exo on this vest. How many people right now are using this? So we only have
 four right now in the Michigan area. So we've got a couple at Flat Rock
 Assembly and a couple at Michigan Assembly and they've been using them
 pretty much full-time since May. How much do they cost? The devices are around
 $6,500 a piece. Yeah it really doesn't feel like I'm carrying nine extra pounds.
 I think I felt worse after Thanksgiving dinner than I feel right now. That's
 probably 11 or 12 extra pounds if you eat like I do. Speak for yourself.
 The vest that Ford is trying out happens to not have any electronics in it, but
 some exosuits do. Like this lower body exoskeleton from Suit X. A California
 based company that's also working on modular exoskeletons. So we founded the
 company in 2012. We were at UC Berkeley as graduate students that were under
 Professor Kazarinie. What problem were you and your team hoping to solve when
 you decided to make these? We're hoping to solve a problem that people have
 without replacing the people for industrial use. And they have a very harsh
 environment. They get back injuries, shoulder injuries, and knee injuries all the
 time. So we're hoping to make their work environment better. And do these have
 electronics in them? Not all of them. Only the Leg X has electronics. The
 electronics there are just to trigger the mechanism, not necessarily running
 the mechanism. So it's a very lightweight, low battery system. Okay. Like Bluetooth
 you're using? Yes. So the idea is that if you're wearing an exoskeleton with
 electronics, it's communicating, but it's not actually doing the work for you.
 Exactly. Okay. So you see the exoskeleton as something that can help humans do
 more robotic-like work. Humans do robotic work. I would call it like
 robots helping human work rather than humans doing robots work. Yeah.
 Su-Dex also makes exoskeletons for medical use cases. Their first released
 exoskeleton, the Phoenix, has literally allowed paralyzed people to walk again.
 But medical exoskeletons, while arguably offering more significant benefits, also
 tend to be a lot more expensive and need FDA approval. As far as our product map,
 we have a variety of exoskeletons. One of them exoskeletons for elderly who can
 actually walk for longer distances without getting tired. We also have
 exoskeletons for people who want to run, they can run longer distances without
 getting tired. So their oxygen consumption drops and they will be less
 fatigued. So that's another product of us which is coming out. So we are looking
 at variety of element to give a little bit of an enhancement to the person,
 either to reduce injuries or add to capability. Okay, so exoskeletons are not
 a new technology. Journals and research papers point to exoskeletons that were
 being developed back in the 1960s, often for military purposes. The idea was to
 increase the capabilities of ground soldiers beyond that of a human. Since
 then exoskeletons have taken on a life of their own, whether they've appeared in
 pop culture, at trade shows, or in much more legitimate use cases. In Japan, for
 example, where both an aging and shrinking population mean people are
 working into their 60s, companies like Panasonic, Honda, and Cyberdyne have
 introduced a bunch of different industrial exoskeletons. But exoskeletons
 are still far from mainstream. One big challenge has always been comfort and
 design, in case that wasn't obvious from the videos you're looking at. Even when
 the benefits are clear, they can take some getting used to. I have this fear of
 falling backwards suddenly that I don't normally feel when I'm standing up.
 It takes some time to get used to it. It's kind of like I feel like if I fell backwards now I
 wouldn't actually know what to do. The economics of exoskeletons are also a
 challenge, according to Rich Mahoney, whose company Seismic is working on what
 he calls powered clothing. What's really interesting is that from an
 industrial and medical point of view, it is actually very difficult to bring any
 product to market, not just an exoskeleton. There hasn't really been a
 form of an exoskeleton at a price point and a use case that makes sense for
 consumer applications. The jury is still out on which market for exoskeletons
 could potentially be the biggest. Some analysts say they make the most sense in
 the military. Others say they're more valuable in health care or in the
 workplace. More big-name companies have been experimenting with them, including
 Siemens and Lowe's, but they're still relatively rare. But there's no doubt
 that this category of wearable robotics has advanced over the past several years.
 The future of exoskeletons and powered clothing for that matter is really
 related to the development of the technologies that you need to design
 them, and so motors, batteries, sensors. And so any developments that make motors
 more powerful and efficient, that make batteries more condensed, that make
 sensors smaller and more efficient are going to allow better exoskeletons that
 still deliver the power that you need. Do you envision a future in which our
 exoskeletons are completely connected, they're smarter, they're adjusting to you
 in real time? Absolutely. Right now to us this is like the very early stage. We are
 expecting a lot more clever devices, just like any other technology, like your
 cell phone like five, ten years ago was different than the cell phones you have
 right now. And as you go along these things will get added into that. It's our
 responsibility to make sure those features coming in at the lowest cost to
 people, mostly because the customer doesn't have much money. This is not a
 luxury item, this is for workers and also for people with mobility disorders who
 really need these devices. So maintaining highest performance at lowest cost is an
 engineering challenge. Thank you. Are we good? Thank you. It was a pleasure. Nice to talk to you, it was a
 pleasure. Did you get that part too? This is crazy. I feel like I could use this in
 the ladies room when I don't want to touch the seat.