 Apple announced that it's going to start making its own custom designed chips for the Mac at WWDC 2020. We're announcing that the Mac is transitioning to our own Apple Silicon. It's only the second time ever that Apple's made a shift like this. The last one was when it shipped from PowerPC chips to Intel chips in 2005. And it was a big change. It made Macs more like PCs, so much so that those Macs could even run Windows. But this change is very different, and it's going to make your Macs a whole lot more like an iPhone instead. Apple may be new to making Mac chips, but it's actually been making processors for a really long time. It's actually one of the biggest advantages to Apple's process. Ever since the iPhone 4 and the iPad a decade ago, Apple makes the software, Apple makes the hardware, and Apple makes the chips that it all runs on. Every part of the process is under Apple's control. And now, Apple's potentially poised to bring those same benefits to the Mac. Apple's complete control over its devices is why your iPhone can get updates years after Android manufacturers have given up on support. Or why your iPhone can feel so snappy, even though it has far less RAM and system resources than an Android flagship. Apple gets to custom design its chips for each of its devices, instead of relying on the same Snapdragon processor that every other flagship's using. Compare it to something like the Google Pixel, and the benefits of Apple's approach are clear. Google makes Android, and it can do incredible things on the software side, like the amazing AI camera stuff. But it's struggled for years just getting the hardware right. Or look at Samsung, which is an expert at hardware design, but it's struggled with software and its weird Android add-ons for years. One analyst even estimates that Apple spends four times as much on built-to-order parts for its iPhones than it did just five years ago. In other words, today's iPhones are more uniquely Apple than ever before. The switch to ARM, which the company refers to as Apple Silicon, marks the third major platform shift for the Mac. The last one was in 2005, when Apple switched to Intel chips, which then-CEO Steve Jobs explained at the time as being for a very simple reason. We are going to begin the transition from the PowerPC to Intel processors. Why are we going to do this? Because we want to be making the best computers for our customer looking forward. PowerPC just couldn't keep up with Apple's ambitions of smaller, faster, and longer-lasting computers. It's easy to see the impact that those Intel chips brought. New designs like the MacBook, the MacBook Pro, and the ultra-thin MacBook Air, which have come to define a generation of laptops over the last 15 years. And the switch to ARM promises even better power consumption than Intel, which means that we could have a similar jump forward for even thinner and lighter designs with better battery life than ever before. There are other benefits too. Apple won't have to rely on Intel's roadmap for new chip designs, something that's seen delays that have slowed down the entire computing world over the past few years. And by not having to rely on a third party for chips, Apple can cut down on its cost for those processors by up to 40 to 60 percent. Although, knowing Apple, I wouldn't get your hopes up that you'll see those savings passed on to the price of your next Mac. But while all that sounds great, there's still a big elephant in the room when it comes to the ARM transition. How fast are Apple's ARM chips actually going to be? And the answer is unfortunately, we don't know. Apple's made some big promises here, claiming that its chips will offer better performance and lower power consumption than Intel's across both desktops and laptops. And there are rumors of a 12-core chip in the works that would be vastly more powerful than Apple's best chip right now. The A12Z, which powers both the iPad Pro and Apple's own original ARM developer kits. But Apple makes a lot of different types of Macs, and ARM computing is a relatively new field when it comes to building desktops and laptop computers. The most powerful devices we've seen are tablets like the iPad Pro, or early laptops like the Galaxy Book S or Microsoft Surface X. No one's actually made even a high-powered laptop powered by ARM chips. To say nothing of desktops like the iMac, or a full-fledged professional device like a MacBook Pro or the Mac Pro. There's also the issue of software. A new platform means that developers are going to have to port their apps over, or rely on Apple's Rosetta emulation software. And much like that Intel transition in 2005, things are probably going to be rocky for a bit. A lot of these questions are still unanswered. We don't know how well Rosetta 2 is going to work, and some developers might just not port their apps at all. You only need to look at the Surface X to see that transitioning from x86 to ARM can lead to big issues with app support. I'll let Dieter explain more about that. So let's talk about apps. So the apps that run best on the SQ1 are the ones that have been compiled to ARM 64, that means they're 64-bit, and that they've been designed to run on this chip. Those apps are fast and they don't hurt your battery life much, and they are pretty rare actually. There are a bunch of Windows apps, and especially the newest and most powerful Windows apps, that are 64-bit but designed to work for x86 and not ARM. And they don't run at all. I'm also talking about games. Games are a full-on non-starter. I don't mean that they're slow, I mean they literally don't start. So here's a game that I love, it's called Into the Breach, and it's a disaster. Just what is happening on the screen here? Well, okay, you can play Angry Birds 2. Woo! See, everybody has that one app that they need, and mine's Lightroom, and you have to do a ton of research to figure out if your app actually works on this computer. There's no list that you can just go look it up on. I will give Microsoft some credit for making an ARM machine that's fast enough, and that runs real Windows 10 instead of RT or Windows S or whatever. And again, this is one of the best-looking computers around, but the apps are not ready yet. With all that uncertainty, there are a couple of good signs though. Craig Federighi, Apple's Senior Vice President of Software Engineering, says that he expects that most developers will be able to get their apps up and running within a couple of days. And during the keynote, Apple demoed several key apps already running on ARM. So of course, when we updated our apps for Big Sur, we built everything as native for Apple Silicon. Some of the biggest Mac developers have already gotten started. Let's take a look at Word. At PowerPoint, here's Lightroom running native on Apple Silicon. Here's a 5-gigabyte Photoshop file. Final Cut Pro. Here it is running on Apple Silicon for the first time. Plus, Apple has a major ace up its sleeve that neither the 2005 Intel transition or Microsoft had, the iPhone. Developers have been building iPhone and iPad apps for years, and all of those apps will run natively on the ARM Macs on day one, which means that Apple will have a huge back catalog of apps ready to go from the start, and tons of developers that are already experienced at writing software for Apple's devices that run on ARM. That means that there's millions of applications that are going to be available for these machines that were never available before. That's Marc Bessie, a former software engineer at Apple. He's been developing Mac software for years and actually worked on the original PowerPC to Intel transition back in 2005. From the transition standpoint, that's actually good news, right? If I have an app that I depend on and it doesn't get converted right away, but they also have an iOS version of the same app, then I'm okay, right? Like, it may not be the best experience, but it's a solution. Some things won't be the same. It's hard to imagine PC game manufacturers porting their games over to an entirely new platform when they're building their games to run on Intel, but you will get tons of iPhone games. And similarly, bootcamp to let you run Windows on your Mac is totally out the window, at least based on what Apple and Microsoft have said so far. But we'll also probably start to see new and different types of apps, apps that are more suited to the new platform and coincidentally look a whole lot more like iPhone and iPad apps than ever before. We've already started to see this transition with last year's introduction of Catalyst apps, which allowed developers to combine elements of their iPad and iPhone apps into Mac apps. And I think for developers, it also makes the Catalyst solution kind of a really compelling idea, right? Like, oh yeah, well, we have these two code bases, one for iOS and one for Mac, but really they're about 90% the same. And maybe we just build one app, right? And we add just enough Mac-like stuff to the iPad version so it has menus and separate windows and supports full screen mode and all of that. And then we just have one code base. To me, the transition to ARM means that the Mac is actually a much safer bet now, and it's probably more likely that people will make Mac applications than it has been in at least the last five years. And we're only going to see more of that as time goes on. Apps that blur the line between Mac app and iPad app as the two platforms come closer and closer and closer together over time. So between the new ARM chips and the new software changes that are coming with Mac OS 11 Big Sur, it's an exciting time for the future of the Mac, one that will likely see Apple's laptop and desktops start to look more like its mobile devices than ever before. And who knows? The changes might not just stop at chips and software. We could start to see some of the hardware innovations from those mobile devices start to make their way over to computers, too. I'm talking about a touchscreen Mac, and with all the other major changes coming to the Mac, anything's possible. Thanks so much for watching. If you want to find more about Apple's announcements, check out Dieter's new processor video diving into the new stuff in iOS 14. And keep it locked here to The Verge. We'll have tons more on all the Apple news from WWDC, all the new software, the new hardware in the months to come.
 Apple announced that it's going to start making its own custom designed chips for the Mac at WWDC 2020.
 We're announcing that the Mac is transitioning to our own Apple Silicon.
 It's only the second time ever that Apple's made a shift like this.
 The last one was when it shipped from PowerPC chips to Intel chips in 2005.
 And it was a big change. It made Macs more like PCs, so much so that those Macs could even run Windows.
 But this change is very different, and it's going to make your Macs a whole lot more like an iPhone instead.
 Apple may be new to making Mac chips, but it's actually been making processors for a really long time.
 It's actually one of the biggest advantages to Apple's process.
 Ever since the iPhone 4 and the iPad a decade ago, Apple makes the software,
 Apple makes the hardware, and Apple makes the chips that it all runs on.
 Every part of the process is under Apple's control.
 And now, Apple's potentially poised to bring those same benefits to the Mac.
 Apple's complete control over its devices is why your iPhone can get updates years after Android manufacturers have given up on support.
 Or why your iPhone can feel so snappy, even though it has far less RAM and system resources than an Android flagship.
 Apple gets to custom design its chips for each of its devices,
 instead of relying on the same Snapdragon processor that every other flagship's using.
 Compare it to something like the Google Pixel, and the benefits of Apple's approach are clear.
 Google makes Android, and it can do incredible things on the software side, like the amazing AI camera stuff.
 But it's struggled for years just getting the hardware right.
 Or look at Samsung, which is an expert at hardware design,
 but it's struggled with software and its weird Android add-ons for years.
 One analyst even estimates that Apple spends four times as much on built-to-order parts for its iPhones than it did just five years ago.
 In other words, today's iPhones are more uniquely Apple than ever before.
 The switch to ARM, which the company refers to as Apple Silicon, marks the third major platform shift for the Mac.
 The last one was in 2005, when Apple switched to Intel chips,
 which then-CEO Steve Jobs explained at the time as being for a very simple reason.
 We are going to begin the transition from the PowerPC to Intel processors.
 Why are we going to do this?
 Because we want to be making the best computers for our customer looking forward.
 PowerPC just couldn't keep up with Apple's ambitions of smaller, faster, and longer-lasting computers.
 It's easy to see the impact that those Intel chips brought.
 New designs like the MacBook, the MacBook Pro, and the ultra-thin MacBook Air,
 which have come to define a generation of laptops over the last 15 years.
 And the switch to ARM promises even better power consumption than Intel,
 which means that we could have a similar jump forward for even thinner and lighter designs with better battery life than ever before.
 There are other benefits too.
 Apple won't have to rely on Intel's roadmap for new chip designs,
 something that's seen delays that have slowed down the entire computing world over the past few years.
 And by not having to rely on a third party for chips,
 Apple can cut down on its cost for those processors by up to 40 to 60 percent.
 Although, knowing Apple, I wouldn't get your hopes up that you'll see those savings passed on to the price of your next Mac.
 But while all that sounds great, there's still a big elephant in the room when it comes to the ARM transition.
 How fast are Apple's ARM chips actually going to be?
 And the answer is unfortunately, we don't know.
 Apple's made some big promises here,
 claiming that its chips will offer better performance and lower power consumption than Intel's across both desktops and laptops.
 And there are rumors of a 12-core chip in the works that would be vastly more powerful than Apple's best chip right now.
 The A12Z, which powers both the iPad Pro and Apple's own original ARM developer kits.
 But Apple makes a lot of different types of Macs,
 and ARM computing is a relatively new field when it comes to building desktops and laptop computers.
 The most powerful devices we've seen are tablets like the iPad Pro,
 or early laptops like the Galaxy Book S or Microsoft Surface X.
 No one's actually made even a high-powered laptop powered by ARM chips.
 To say nothing of desktops like the iMac,
 or a full-fledged professional device like a MacBook Pro or the Mac Pro.
 There's also the issue of software.
 A new platform means that developers are going to have to port their apps over,
 or rely on Apple's Rosetta emulation software.
 And much like that Intel transition in 2005,
 things are probably going to be rocky for a bit.
 A lot of these questions are still unanswered.
 We don't know how well Rosetta 2 is going to work,
 and some developers might just not port their apps at all.
 You only need to look at the Surface X to see that transitioning from x86 to ARM
 can lead to big issues with app support.
 I'll let Dieter explain more about that.
 So let's talk about apps.
 So the apps that run best on the SQ1 are the ones that have been compiled to ARM 64,
 that means they're 64-bit, and that they've been designed to run on this chip.
 Those apps are fast and they don't hurt your battery life much,
 and they are pretty rare actually.
 There are a bunch of Windows apps,
 and especially the newest and most powerful Windows apps,
 that are 64-bit but designed to work for x86 and not ARM.
 And they don't run at all.
 I'm also talking about games.
 Games are a full-on non-starter.
 I don't mean that they're slow, I mean they literally don't start.
 So here's a game that I love, it's called Into the Breach,
 and it's a disaster.
 Just what is happening on the screen here?
 Well, okay, you can play Angry Birds 2.
 Woo!
 See, everybody has that one app that they need, and mine's Lightroom,
 and you have to do a ton of research to figure out
 if your app actually works on this computer.
 There's no list that you can just go look it up on.
 I will give Microsoft some credit for making an ARM machine that's fast enough,
 and that runs real Windows 10 instead of RT or Windows S or whatever.
 And again, this is one of the best-looking computers around,
 but the apps are not ready yet.
 With all that uncertainty, there are a couple of good signs though.
 Craig Federighi, Apple's Senior Vice President of Software Engineering,
 says that he expects that most developers will be able to get their apps up and running
 within a couple of days.
 And during the keynote, Apple demoed several key apps already running on ARM.
 So of course, when we updated our apps for Big Sur,
 we built everything as native for Apple Silicon.
 Some of the biggest Mac developers have already gotten started.
 Let's take a look at Word.
 At PowerPoint, here's Lightroom running native on Apple Silicon.
 Here's a 5-gigabyte Photoshop file.
 Final Cut Pro.
 Here it is running on Apple Silicon for the first time.
 Plus, Apple has a major ace up its sleeve that neither the 2005 Intel transition
 or Microsoft had, the iPhone.
 Developers have been building iPhone and iPad apps for years,
 and all of those apps will run natively on the ARM Macs on day one,
 which means that Apple will have a huge back catalog of apps ready to go from the start,
 and tons of developers that are already experienced at writing software
 for Apple's devices that run on ARM.
 That means that there's millions of applications that are going to be available
 for these machines that were never available before.
 That's Marc Bessie, a former software engineer at Apple.
 He's been developing Mac software for years and actually worked on the original
 PowerPC to Intel transition back in 2005.
 From the transition standpoint, that's actually good news, right?
 If I have an app that I depend on and it doesn't get converted right away,
 but they also have an iOS version of the same app, then I'm okay, right?
 Like, it may not be the best experience, but it's a solution.
 Some things won't be the same.
 It's hard to imagine PC game manufacturers porting their games over to an entirely new platform
 when they're building their games to run on Intel, but you will get tons of iPhone games.
 And similarly, bootcamp to let you run Windows on your Mac is totally out the window,
 at least based on what Apple and Microsoft have said so far.
 But we'll also probably start to see new and different types of apps,
 apps that are more suited to the new platform and coincidentally look a whole lot more like
 iPhone and iPad apps than ever before.
 We've already started to see this transition with last year's introduction of Catalyst apps,
 which allowed developers to combine elements of their iPad and iPhone apps into Mac apps.
 And I think for developers, it also makes the Catalyst solution kind of a really compelling
 idea, right?
 Like, oh yeah, well, we have these two code bases, one for iOS and one for Mac,
 but really they're about 90% the same.
 And maybe we just build one app, right?
 And we add just enough Mac-like stuff to the iPad version so it has menus and separate windows
 and supports full screen mode and all of that.
 And then we just have one code base.
 To me, the transition to ARM means that the Mac is actually a much safer bet now,
 and it's probably more likely that people will make Mac applications than it has been
 in at least the last five years.
 And we're only going to see more of that as time goes on.
 Apps that blur the line between Mac app and iPad app as the two platforms come closer
 and closer and closer together over time.
 So between the new ARM chips and the new software changes that are coming with Mac OS 11 Big Sur,
 it's an exciting time for the future of the Mac, one that will likely see Apple's laptop
 and desktops start to look more like its mobile devices than ever before.
 And who knows?
 The changes might not just stop at chips and software.
 We could start to see some of the hardware innovations from those mobile devices start
 to make their way over to computers, too.
 I'm talking about a touchscreen Mac, and with all the other major changes coming to the Mac,
 anything's possible.
 Thanks so much for watching.
 If you want to find more about Apple's announcements,
 check out Dieter's new processor video diving into the new stuff in iOS 14.
 And keep it locked here to The Verge.
 We'll have tons more on all the Apple news from WWDC, all the new software,
 the new hardware in the months to come.