 In the next 15 years, digital banking will bring basic financial services and security to millions. It will give the poor more control over their assets and help transform their lives. First key point is that banking is very important. That if you have a medical need or you want to pay your kid's school fee, you need to be able to save and plan or you need to be able to borrow to meet that need. And if you're poor, sometimes you just can't meet the need. You pull your kid out of school, that's very inefficient. Let's say six months later you can put them back in, they're behind. You buy a cow thinking you'll get productivity, but then you're short, so you lose a lot of money when you sell it. The kind of financial flexibility that we take for granted in rich countries about loans and savings, once you're getting down and you're very poor, that's not available. Part of it is that the fixed cost of ATM machines and bank tellers and all that means that small transactions are money losing in the old system. In the new digital realm, where we take and build a debit card equivalent that's just your cell phone, there, even 50 cent type transactions, you can have an under 2% fee. And so it starts to be economic to bank the very poorest. There's a need for a utility type service that lets you move money when you want to pay someone else, pay a store, or if you want to switch your account from bank one to bank two. And so a lot of our work to get this low cost digital debit card using the cell phone going is making sure the regulator has set up the right safeguards. And that includes a money transfer system that has very low fees and insisting that every bank that's licensed connect up and have these reasonable fees. It's kind of like phone number portability is in the mobile space, that you can switch carrier and not have to change that phone number. Otherwise you get a lock in where the poorest who have less time to pay attention may not be paying a fair price. So some of these systems that got going early on actually don't have this capability, nor is it open as a platform so that innovators can come in and get this into the most pro-poor form we can. By 2030, mobile banking will be so freely available that an additional 2 billion people will use these services.
 In the next 15 years, digital banking will bring basic financial services and security to millions.
 It will give the poor more control over their assets and help transform their lives.
 First key point is that banking is very important.
 That if you have a medical need or you want to pay your kid's school fee,
 you need to be able to save and plan or you need to be able to borrow to meet that need.
 And if you're poor, sometimes you just can't meet the need.
 You pull your kid out of school, that's very inefficient.
 Let's say six months later you can put them back in, they're behind.
 You buy a cow thinking you'll get productivity, but then you're short, so you lose a lot of money when you sell it.
 The kind of financial flexibility that we take for granted in rich countries about loans and savings,
 once you're getting down and you're very poor, that's not available.
 Part of it is that the fixed cost of ATM machines and bank tellers and all that
 means that small transactions are money losing in the old system.
 In the new digital realm, where we take and build a debit card equivalent that's just your cell phone,
 there, even 50 cent type transactions, you can have an under 2% fee.
 And so it starts to be economic to bank the very poorest.
 There's a need for a utility type service that lets you move money when you want to pay someone else, pay a store,
 or if you want to switch your account from bank one to bank two.
 And so a lot of our work to get this low cost digital debit card using the cell phone going
 is making sure the regulator has set up the right safeguards.
 And that includes a money transfer system that has very low fees
 and insisting that every bank that's licensed connect up and have these reasonable fees.
 It's kind of like phone number portability is in the mobile space,
 that you can switch carrier and not have to change that phone number.
 Otherwise you get a lock in where the poorest who have less time to pay attention may not be paying a fair price.
 So some of these systems that got going early on actually don't have this capability,
 nor is it open as a platform so that innovators can come in and get this into the most pro-poor form we can.
 By 2030, mobile banking will be so freely available that an additional 2 billion people will use these services.