 So I've always been a cyclist who hated electric scooters, until I went to Berlin. So I was sold on the idea of getting an electric scooter, but when I got back to London I hit a little bit of a snag. It turns out scooters are essentially illegal to use here because of a series of laws that date back to the Victorian era. The oldest one is the Highways Act 1835, which bans horse, ass, sheep, mule, swine, cattle or carriage from being on the pavement or sidewalk. But there's a more modern law which updates this old law and it's the final nail in the coffin, which says that carriages include any mechanically propelled vehicle. In other words, don't ride your scooter on the pavement, you weirdo. But the real problem is the laws that collectively prevent electric scooters from being used on the road. Now in the eyes of the law, electric scooters just kind of don't exist and so somehow they fall into the same category as motor vehicles, yet they've got no chance of meeting the same kind of safety and tax regulations. Oh, and don't even think about riding in the bike lane. Those are reserved for things with pedals. So scooters are out. Oh, electric bikes are cool. You guys can stay. There are a lot of scooters on London streets, but technically every single one of these riders is risking a £300 fine and six points on their licence. And if you live here in New York City, you've probably noticed the same thing. Electric scooters are everywhere, but there are no shared scooters like Bird in line. And that's because they're technically illegal here too. Now the enforcement is not quite as harsh as it is in London, and the cops basically turn a blind eye, but e-scooters are on the list of banned vehicles with the DMV. So scoot at your own peril, New York. There is a loophole, and that's that e-scooters can be ridden on private land in the UK. For the past year, Bird has been running an electric scooter trial in the Olympic Park in London. The company is hoping that the more people it can get onto scooters, the more people might have the same kind of revelation that I had in Berlin. Bird is just one example of an electric scooter sharing company, but there are plenty more that will want to move in as soon as the city legalises scooters, and we all know what that can look like. I think it's fair to say a few cities were maybe too hasty in opening their doors to e-scooter companies. Now take Austin, Texas, for example. That city is overrun with electric scooters. Now there's a recent study from the CDC that found that 20 people were being injured per 100,000 e-scooter trips over a three-month period. That's a pretty alarming rate. Part of the problem is the scooter sharing companies are moving faster than the city regulators can keep up. So you've got cities like San Francisco, Madrid, Indianapolis, and Antwerp that have been forced to write regulations after the scooter companies have already come in and dumped dozens and dozens of scooters on their streets. But here in New York State, they're trying to avoid that problem by letting each city write its own rules governing scooter sharing services. But the governor, Andrew Cuomo, hasn't signed the bill yet, and it's leaving electric scooter companies in the dark as to when exactly they're going to get the green light. Gradually, some ideas are starting to emerge about the best way for allowing electric scooters and their rental companies to come into cities. All of this is to say that potentially the UK's slow progress in allowing electric scooters maybe isn't the worst thing in the world. I mean, in a weird way, the UK's outdated laws have brought the country a little bit of breathing space to work out how to allow electric scooters without suffering their downsides. And then, when electric scooter sharing companies move in, they'll have to play by the country's laws. I think what we would like to see and what we're arguing for in the UK at the moment is for rules and regulations to be proactively put in place. So, for example, in the UK, we would like the government to legislate minimum safety standards for the actual e-scooters which are going on the roads. And longer term, by working better with cities, we think that's a way in which you can make this industry really sustainable. So, change could be on the way, it's just happening very slowly. In March 2019, the UK's Department for Transport announced a huge analysis into the country's transport regulations. They called it the biggest review into transport in a generation. The department is vague on what they will be doing, but it looks very promising for scooters. They speak of trialling, regulating and possibly adding new vehicle definitions that could allow scooters to be used on public roads. But where it starts to get really complicated is where the report says that even city street designs may need to evolve to accommodate new vehicles. It's a problem that so many modern cities are designed with cars in mind. And as long as that's the case, other forms of transport will be more dangerous to use than they need to be. I mean, even in the case of the UK's first electric scooter death, some reports pointed towards a confusing road layout as one potential cause. And in New York, at least six people have died while riding electric bicycles, electric scooters or mopeds this year alone. I think the vast numbers of people using scooters in 2018 was 84 million trips for bike and scooter share in the US. That's really something and cities are taking notice. Shared market mobility can only grow if we provide safe places for people to bike and to scooter. So the genie's out of the bottle. Electric scooters are coming and they come with potentially massive benefits to our most congested cities. But it's hard to ignore the risks, both to the safety of scooter riders themselves, as well as people that share the streets with them. And getting the balance right could require new laws and it might even need cities to be redesigned to accommodate scooters and to encourage them to be used safely. These are things that take time to change. Cities and countries can't afford to move fast and break things in the same way that tech companies can. And making the wrong decision now might affect how livable our cities are for decades to come. There is no doubt that when cities and companies work together, that cities have established goals, that shared market mobility can be a really good thing for cities. Take Austin, Texas, for example. The city has been totally overrun with scooters. But... The real problem is the laws that collectively what is happening over there. Ah, we're late for the truck regatta.
 So I've always been a cyclist who hated electric scooters, until I went to Berlin.
 So I was sold on the idea of getting an electric scooter, but when I got back to London
 I hit a little bit of a snag.
 It turns out scooters are essentially illegal to use here because of a series of laws that date back to the Victorian era.
 The oldest one is the Highways Act 1835, which bans horse, ass, sheep, mule, swine, cattle or carriage
 from being on the pavement or sidewalk.
 But there's a more modern law which updates this old law and it's the final nail in the coffin,
 which says that carriages include any mechanically propelled vehicle.
 In other words, don't ride your scooter on the pavement, you weirdo.
 But the real problem is the laws that collectively prevent electric scooters from being used on the road.
 Now in the eyes of the law, electric scooters just kind of don't exist
 and so somehow they fall into the same category as motor vehicles,
 yet they've got no chance of meeting the same kind of safety and tax regulations.
 Oh, and don't even think about riding in the bike lane.
 Those are reserved for things with pedals.
 So scooters are out.
 Oh, electric bikes are cool. You guys can stay.
 There are a lot of scooters on London streets,
 but technically every single one of these riders is risking a £300 fine and six points on their licence.
 And if you live here in New York City, you've probably noticed the same thing.
 Electric scooters are everywhere, but there are no shared scooters like Bird in line.
 And that's because they're technically illegal here too.
 Now the enforcement is not quite as harsh as it is in London,
 and the cops basically turn a blind eye,
 but e-scooters are on the list of banned vehicles with the DMV.
 So scoot at your own peril, New York.
 There is a loophole, and that's that e-scooters can be ridden on private land in the UK.
 For the past year, Bird has been running an electric scooter trial in the Olympic Park in London.
 The company is hoping that the more people it can get onto scooters,
 the more people might have the same kind of revelation that I had in Berlin.
 Bird is just one example of an electric scooter sharing company,
 but there are plenty more that will want to move in as soon as the city legalises scooters,
 and we all know what that can look like.
 I think it's fair to say a few cities were maybe too hasty in opening their doors to e-scooter companies.
 Now take Austin, Texas, for example.
 That city is overrun with electric scooters.
 Now there's a recent study from the CDC that found that 20 people were being injured
 per 100,000 e-scooter trips over a three-month period.
 That's a pretty alarming rate.
 Part of the problem is the scooter sharing companies are moving faster than the city regulators can keep up.
 So you've got cities like San Francisco, Madrid, Indianapolis, and Antwerp
 that have been forced to write regulations after the scooter companies have already come in
 and dumped dozens and dozens of scooters on their streets.
 But here in New York State, they're trying to avoid that problem by letting each city write its own rules governing scooter sharing services.
 But the governor, Andrew Cuomo, hasn't signed the bill yet,
 and it's leaving electric scooter companies in the dark as to when exactly they're going to get the green light.
 Gradually, some ideas are starting to emerge about the best way for allowing electric scooters
 and their rental companies to come into cities.
 All of this is to say that potentially the UK's slow progress in allowing electric scooters
 maybe isn't the worst thing in the world.
 I mean, in a weird way, the UK's outdated laws have brought the country a little bit of breathing space
 to work out how to allow electric scooters without suffering their downsides.
 And then, when electric scooter sharing companies move in, they'll have to play by the country's laws.
 I think what we would like to see and what we're arguing for in the UK at the moment
 is for rules and regulations to be proactively put in place.
 So, for example, in the UK, we would like the government to legislate minimum safety standards
 for the actual e-scooters which are going on the roads.
 And longer term, by working better with cities, we think that's a way in which you can make this industry really sustainable.
 So, change could be on the way, it's just happening very slowly.
 In March 2019, the UK's Department for Transport announced a huge analysis into the country's transport regulations.
 They called it the biggest review into transport in a generation.
 The department is vague on what they will be doing, but it looks very promising for scooters.
 They speak of trialling, regulating and possibly adding new vehicle definitions
 that could allow scooters to be used on public roads.
 But where it starts to get really complicated is where the report says that even city street designs
 may need to evolve to accommodate new vehicles.
 It's a problem that so many modern cities are designed with cars in mind.
 And as long as that's the case, other forms of transport will be more dangerous to use than they need to be.
 I mean, even in the case of the UK's first electric scooter death,
 some reports pointed towards a confusing road layout as one potential cause.
 And in New York, at least six people have died while riding electric bicycles, electric scooters or mopeds this year alone.
 I think the vast numbers of people using scooters in 2018 was 84 million trips for bike and scooter share in the US.
 That's really something and cities are taking notice.
 Shared market mobility can only grow if we provide safe places for people to bike and to scooter.
 So the genie's out of the bottle.
 Electric scooters are coming and they come with potentially massive benefits to our most congested cities.
 But it's hard to ignore the risks, both to the safety of scooter riders themselves,
 as well as people that share the streets with them.
 And getting the balance right could require new laws and it might even need cities to be redesigned
 to accommodate scooters and to encourage them to be used safely.
 These are things that take time to change.
 Cities and countries can't afford to move fast and break things in the same way that tech companies can.
 And making the wrong decision now might affect how livable our cities are for decades to come.
 There is no doubt that when cities and companies work together,
 that cities have established goals, that shared market mobility can be a really good thing for cities.
 Take Austin, Texas, for example.
 The city has been totally overrun with scooters.
 But...
 The real problem is the laws that collectively what is happening over there.
 Ah, we're late for the truck regatta.