what is the term for a chemical bond characterized by sharing three pairs of electrons
triple bonds
in which valence electrons (those in the outer shell) are represented as dots around the atomic symbols. Pairs of electrons located between atoms represent covalent bonds. Multiple pairs represent multiple bonds, such as double bonds and triple bonds. An alternative form of representation, not shown here, has bond-forming electron pairs represented as solid lines. Lewis proposed that an atom forms enough covalent bonds to form a full (or closed) outer electron shell. In the diagram of methane shown here, the carbon atom has a valence of four and is, therefore, surrounded by eight electrons (the octet rule), four from the
Covalent bond
have a very high bond energy, even higher than N–N triple bonds. Oxygen can also be trivalent, for example in triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate. Carbon–oxygen bond forming reactions are the Williamson ether synthesis, nucleophilic acyl substitutions and electrophilic addition to alkenes. The Paternò–Büchi reaction involves carbonyl compounds. Carbon–oxygen bonds are present in these functional groups: Carbon–oxygen bond A carbon–oxygen bond is a polar covalent bond between carbon and oxygen. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and prefers to either share two electrons in bonding with carbon, leaving the 4 nonbonding electrons in 2 lone pairs :O: or to share two pairs of electrons
Carbon–oxygen bond
flat graphical formulas that show atom connectivity and lone pair or unpaired electrons, but not three-dimensional structure. This notation is mostly used for small molecules. Each line represents the two electrons of a single bond. Two or three parallel lines between pairs of atoms represent double or triple bonds, respectively. Alternatively, pairs of dots may be used to represent bonding pairs. In addition, all non-bonded electrons (paired or unpaired) and any formal charges on atoms are indicated. In early organic-chemistry publications, where use of graphics was strongly limited, a typographic system arose to describe organic structures in a line of
Structural formula
to another, without sharing an edge (A). An intermediate state B where only one corner is shared was also postulated by Lewis. Double bonds are formed by sharing a face between two cubic atoms. This results in sharing four electrons: Triple bonds could not be accounted for by the cubical atom model, because there is no way of having two cubes share three parallel edges. Lewis suggested that the electron pairs in atomic bonds have a special attraction, which result in a tetrahedral structure, as in the figure below (the new location of the electrons is represented by the dotted
Cubical atom
in which valence electrons (those in the outer shell) are represented as dots around the atomic symbols. Pairs of electrons located between atoms represent covalent bonds. Multiple pairs represent multiple bonds, such as double bonds and triple bonds. An alternative form of representation, not shown here, has bond-forming electron pairs represented as solid lines. Lewis proposed that an atom forms enough covalent bonds to form a full (or closed) outer electron shell. In the diagram of methane shown here, the carbon atom has a valence of four and is, therefore, surrounded by eight electrons (the octet rule), four from the
Covalent bond
Triple bond A triple bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two atoms involving six bonding electrons instead of the usual two in a covalent single bond. The most common triple bond, that between two carbon atoms, can be found in alkynes. Other functional groups containing a triple bond are cyanides and isocyanides. Some diatomic molecules, such as dinitrogen and carbon monoxide, are also triple bonded. In skeletal formula the triple bond is drawn as three parallel lines (≡) between the two connected atoms. Triple bonds are stronger than the equivalent single bonds or double bonds, with a bond
Triple bond
Quadruple bond A quadruple bond is a type of chemical bond between two atoms involving eight electrons. This bond is an extension of the more familiar types double bonds and triple bonds. Stable quadruple bonds are most common among the transition metals in the middle of the d-block, such as rhenium, tungsten, molybdenum and chromium. Typically the ligands that support quadruple bonds are π-donors, not π-acceptors. Chromium(II) acetate, Cr("μ"-OCCH)(HO), was the first chemical compound containing a quadruple bond to be synthesized. It was described in 1844 by E. Peligot, although its distinctive bonding was not recognized for more than a
Quadruple bond
Horn Sonata No. 1 (Danzi) The Horn Sonata in E-flat major, Op. 28 is a composition by Franz Danzi published by Breitkopf & Härtel in 1804. The precise circumstances which led to the composition of the sonata are not known, but it believed to have been inspired by the success of Beethovens Horn Sonata, Op. 17. While no specified player has been identified, Tatum in his thesis noted that Danzi had composed many works for Carl Türrschmidt, a vituoso noted for his ability to exploit the low end of the horns range and that the sonata contains several passages designed
Horn Sonata No. 1 (Danzi)
a pre-San Diego Comic-Con International interview, Alex Winter stated the storyline may also involve time travel to the prehistoric era, and the film would likely see a cameo by Eddie Van Halen as well as the return of Socrates and Billy the Kid, who appeared in the first movie. The current script does not feature William Sadler reprising his role as the Grim Reaper, but the screenwriters are looking for a way to include him, and Sadler has expressed interest in returning to the role. In August 2012, director Dean Parisot of "Galaxy Quest" and "Red 2" was attached to
Bill & Ted
Joel Dehlin Joel Dehlin is an entrepreneur and the CEO/co-founder of the Kuali Company. He has held Chief Technology Officer positions at Instructure, O.C. Tanner Co., a human resource consulting services company and at iQor, a business process outsourcing (BPO) company. He held the Chief Information Officer position at The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Prior to working for the LDS Church, he worked at Microsoft for 10 years in various roles, at Arthur Andersen, and at Novell. While at Microsoft, Dehlin worked on the original microsoft.com product, in the mobile devices division, and as the
Joel Dehlin
stops) to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in Midtown Manhattan. People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Ramsey include: In a five-year span, the borough saw the deaths of three Ramsey High School graduates who were serving in the United States Armed Forces: Corporal Michael Jankiewicz (Class of 2006), Staff Sgt. Eric Christian (Class of 1993), and Staff Sgt. Timothy McGill (Class of 2001). Ramsey, New Jersey Ramsey is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. It is a suburb of New York City, located northwest of Midtown Manhattan. As of the 2010
Ramsey, New Jersey
publisher Galignani and edited several editions of Galignani's Paris Guide. He worked with leading literary figures including William Thackeray. The ideas he put forward owed much to current developments in France, which followed the appointment in 1834 of the French novelist Prosper Mérimée as the first Inspector-General of "Monuments Historiques". Longueville was also a talented artist and his work was used to illustrate early volumes of "Archaeologia Cambrensis". The first annual meeting of the Cambrian Archaeological Society was held at Aberystwyth between 7 and 10 September 1847, and the first president was Sir Stephen Richard Glynne. By the time of
Cambrian Archaeological Association
energy required to break bonds in this manner, homolysis only occurs under certain circumstances: Homolysis (chemistry) In chemistry, homolysis (from Greek ὅμοιος, homoios, "equal," and λύσις, lusis, "loosening") or homolytic fission is chemical bond dissociation of a molecule by a process where each of the fragments retains one of the originally bonded electrons. During homolytic fission of a neutral molecule with an even number of electrons, two free radicals will be generated. That is, the two electrons involved in the original bond are distributed between the two fragment species. The energy involved in this process is called bond dissociation energy.
Homolysis (chemistry)
the theories currently taught. Describes molecular geometry through the repulsion of electron fields which include bonds and lone pairs. It does not require any application of orbital shape. In 1927, valence bond theory was formulated and it argues that a covalent bond forms when two valence electrons, in their respective atomic orbitals, work or function to hold two nuclei together, by virtue of effects of lowering system energies. Building on this theory, the chemist Linus Pauling published in 1931 what some consider one of the most important papers in the history of chemistry: "On the Nature of the Chemical Bond".
Chemical bonding model
Ionization Ionization or ionisation, is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with subatomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules and ions, or through the interaction with electromagnetic radiation. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of
Ionization
radioactive actinides of period 7. All are metals. Because the f-orbital electrons are less active in determining the chemistry of these elements, their chemical properties are mostly determined by outer s-orbital electrons. Consequently, there is much less chemical variability within the f-block than within the s-, p-, or d-blocks. F-block elements are unified by having one or more of their outermost electrons in the f-orbital but none in the d-orbital or p-orbital. The f-orbitals can contain up to seven pairs of electrons; hence, the block includes fourteen columns in the periodic table. The g-block is a hypothetical block of elements
Block (periodic table)
or acetic acid. Both of these reactions form an odourless ammonium salt. The ammonia molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape as predicted by the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) with an experimentally determined bond angle of 106.7°. The central nitrogen atom has five outer electrons with an additional electron from each hydrogen atom. This gives a total of eight electrons, or four electron pairs that are arranged tetrahedrally. Three of these electron pairs are used as bond pairs, which leaves one lone pair of electrons. The lone pair of electrons repel more strongly than bond pairs, therefore
Ammonia
triple bonds
Title: Covalent bond. Content: in which valence electrons (those in the outer shell) are represented as dots around the atomic symbols. Pairs of electrons located between atoms represent covalent bonds. Multiple pairs represent multiple bonds, such as double bonds and triple bonds. An alternative form of representation, not shown here, has bond-forming electron pairs represented as solid lines. Lewis proposed that an atom forms enough covalent bonds to form a full (or closed) outer electron shell. In the diagram of methane shown here, the carbon atom has a valence of four and is, therefore, surrounded by eight electrons (the octet rule), four from the
Trigonal
triple bond
triple bond
trigonal planar bond
triple bond
trigonal planar bond