who has more power in turkey president or prime minister
Prime Minister
Politics of Turkey The politics of Turkey takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Turkey is the head of government, and the President of Turkey is the head of state who holds a largely ceremonial role with substantial reserve powers. Turkey's political system is based on a separation of powers. Executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers. Legislative power is vested in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Its current constitution was adopted on 7 November 1982 after the
Politics of Turkey
led by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. Cabinet of Turkey The Cabinet of Turkey () or Council of Ministers () is the body that exercises supreme executive authority in Turkey. It is composed of the heads of the major ministries. From 1923 to 2018, Ministers were ceremonially appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. From 2018, Turkey adopts an Executive Presidency meaning that the President has the full responsibility to appoint and relinquish Ministers from their duties. The cabinet is the executive power and is responsible for the management of the state. The current cabinet is the
Cabinet of Turkey
Cabinet of Turkey The Cabinet of Turkey () or Council of Ministers () is the body that exercises supreme executive authority in Turkey. It is composed of the heads of the major ministries. From 1923 to 2018, Ministers were ceremonially appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister. From 2018, Turkey adopts an Executive Presidency meaning that the President has the full responsibility to appoint and relinquish Ministers from their duties. The cabinet is the executive power and is responsible for the management of the state. The current cabinet is the 66th cabinet of Turkey and is
Cabinet of Turkey
directly elected in 2014. Executive power rests with the president, the prime minister "(Başbakan)", and the Council of Ministers. Most ministers are members of Parliament. (Kemal Derviş's 17 months' tenure in 2001-'02 as Minister of Economic Affairs was one exception.) The prime minister is appointed by the president and approved through a vote of confidence ("güvenoyu") in the parliament. The Prime Minister of Turkey (Turkish: "Başbakan") is the head of government of Turkey. He is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament (Meclis) and the leader of the cabinet. The current holder of the position is Binali
Politics of Turkey
quite powerful. Although it is the Prime Minister of France, the Government as well as the Parliament that oversee much of the nation's actual day-to-day affairs, especially in domestic issues, the French President wields significant influence and authority, especially in the fields of national security and foreign policy. The President's greatest power is his/her ability to choose the Prime Minister. However, since the French National Assembly has the sole power to dismiss the Prime Minister's government, the President is forced to name a Prime Minister who can command the support of a majority in the assembly. He or she has
President of France
16th government of Turkey The 16th government of Turkey (10 September 1947 – 10 June 1948) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called the "first Saka government". Recep Peker of the Republican People's Party (CHP), who was the previous prime minister, resigned on 9 September 1947 after a harsh discussions in the parliament. İsmet İnönü, the president, assigned Hasan Saka, a more moderate politician, as the prime minister. Saka's government was, however, similar to that of Peker. In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown
16th government of Turkey
Politics of Turkey The politics of Turkey takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Turkey is the head of government, and the President of Turkey is the head of state who holds a largely ceremonial role with substantial reserve powers. Turkey's political system is based on a separation of powers. Executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers. Legislative power is vested in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Its current constitution was adopted on 7 November 1982 after the
Politics of Turkey
47th government of Turkey The 47th government of Turkey (9 November 1989 – 23 June 1991) governed Turkey and was led by Yıldırım Akbulut of Motherland Party (ANAP). On 31 October 1989, Turgut Özal, the previous prime minister, was elected as the president of Turkey. According to the constitution, he left the office of prime minister. After a short period during which Ali Bozer was the acting president, Turgut Özal appointed Yıldırım Akbulut to be the new prime minister. In the list below, the serving period of cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown
47th government of Turkey
the grand viziers came to assume a role more like that of the prime ministers of contemporary Western European monarchies. Later, with the Ottoman constitution of 1876, a parliament was established to oversee the prime minister, and the prime minister formed a cabinet. With the amendments to the constitution during the Second Constitutional Era, the prime minister was made answerable to the parliament rather than the sultan. Finally, with the declaration of the republic in 1923, the appointer of the prime minister became the president, instead of the sultan. Prime Minister of Turkey The Prime Minister of the Republic of
Prime Minister of Turkey
centered over through what constitutional mechanism and by whom the Cabinet was ultimately to be formed. The relevant Articles 90, 100 and 69 of the national constitution address these issues, specifying that the President has the power to appoint the Prime Minister; the Prime Minister, in turn, has the discretionary power to appoint members of the Council of Ministers, who then must be endorsed by the House of the People of the Federal Parliament; and the House of the People of the Federal Parliament likewise has the power to endorse or remove the Prime Minister through a vote of confidence.
Abdi Farah Shirdon
was the deputy prime minister. In the list below, the serving period of cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes". Necmettin Erbakan resigned as prime minister, hoping his coalition partner Tansu Çiller would be the next prime minister and a similar government would be formed. However, president Süleyman Demirel appointed Mesut Yılmaz of Motherland Party as the new prime minister (see Prime ministership of Necmettin Erbakan). 54th government of Turkey The 54th government of Turkey governed Turkey from 28 June 1996 to 30 June 1997. It was a coalition government
54th government of Turkey
Designated Prime Minister of Slovakia () is an unofficial title for a person who has been entrusted by the President of the Slovak Republic with forming a new government and replacing the outgoing Prime Minister. This title, as well as the authorization of the president to entrust the designated PM, is not set by an act but is a legal or, more precisely, constitutional tradition. According to this tradition, the President designates a person who has support of the majority of deputies in the National Council. Minister plenipotentiary for administration of Slovakia Land President of Slovakia Prime Ministers of the
Prime Minister of Slovakia
Deputy Prime Minister of Spain The Deputy Prime Minister of Spain, officially Vice President of the Government, () is the second in command to the Prime Minister of Spain, filling in for when the Prime Minister is absent or incapable of exercising power. The person for the post is usually handpicked by the Prime Minister from the members of the Cabinet. When there are more than one vice president, they are called "First Vice President", "Second Vice President", etc. The Headquarters of the Vice Presidency of the Government of Spain is the "Edificio Semillas," in La Moncloa Complex. The current
Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
Deputy Prime Minister of Spain The Deputy Prime Minister of Spain, officially Vice President of the Government, () is the second in command to the Prime Minister of Spain, filling in for when the Prime Minister is absent or incapable of exercising power. The person for the post is usually handpicked by the Prime Minister from the members of the Cabinet. When there are more than one vice president, they are called "First Vice President", "Second Vice President", etc. The Headquarters of the Vice Presidency of the Government of Spain is the "Edificio Semillas," in La Moncloa Complex. The current
Deputy Prime Minister of Spain
following policy disagreements with President Erdoğan. Presidential aide Cemil Ertem said to Turkish TV that the country and its economy would stabilize further "when a prime minister more closely aligned with President Erdoğan takes office". In the general election held on 7 June, the AKP gained 40.87% of the vote and 258 seats in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi, TBMM). Though it still remains the biggest party in Turkey, the AKP lost its status as the majority party and the power to form a single-party government. Until then it had held this majority without
Justice and Development Party (Turkey)
president of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The prime minister is appointed by the President, from the party or political group that has the majority in the National Assembly. The prime minister has a secondary role in the executive branch, when he or she is from the same party as the president, as the head of the executive is constitutionally the President. However, when there is cohabitation (i.e., when the president is of one party while another party controls the National Assembly) the prime minister's importance is enhanced because the president has little power to be exercised by himself
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
president, vice-president, prime minister, two deputy prime ministers, and 42 other appointed ministers. The Prime Minister, while being appointed by the President without the need for prior consultation, has a distinct portfolio and coordinates the reform agenda and supervise ministries. The PM is also accountable to the President and is immune from civil or criminal prosecution. Like in most other parliamentary democracies, the prime minister's government is dependent upon the party majority or power-sharing coalition majority in parliament. It will fall from power if or when: In the drafting, the act suggests that the Permanent Secretary in the Prime Minister's
National Accord and Reconciliation Act 2008
was elected as the 12th President of Turkey. He initially served as acting prime minister between 28 and 29 August 2014. He led the 62nd government of Turkey. His initial nomination to lead the AKP on 21 August was welcomed by Iranian foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, who claimed that Davutoğlu was a very easy person to maintain dialogue with. Davutoğlu has often been referred to as 'Erdoğan's Yıldırım Akbulut' due to the similar circumstances of his ascension to the Prime Minister's Office with that of Yıldırım Akbulut in 1989. Akbulut became prime minister after his predecessor, Turgut Özal was
Ahmet Davutoğlu
president does not have the power to directly dismiss the assembly, but the presidentially appointed cabinet does. The president chooses the prime minister without the confidence vote from the parliament. In order to remove a prime minister or the whole cabinet from power, the president can dismiss the prime minister or the assembly can remove the prime minister by a "vote of no confidence", but the president can dissolve the parliament. Semi-presidential system A semi-presidential system or dual executive system is a system of government in which a president exists alongside a prime minister and a cabinet, with the latter
Semi-presidential system
her ability to choose the prime minister. However, since only the National Assembly has the power to dismiss the Prime Minister's government, the president is forced to name a prime minister that commands the support of the majority of this assembly. Among the formal powers of the president: Article 72 of the Congolese constitution states that the President must be a natural-born citizen – or more accurately: – of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and at least 30 years of age. Additionally, the President must be free of any legal constraints on their civil and political rights. Article 10
President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
was dangerous because of the risk that the opposition would strengthen its numbers and perhaps and gain the majority which would have lead to even more complex relations between the Parliament and the President. In this regard, Boris Yeltsin had to appoint a Prime Minister (Yevgeny Primakov), who had broad support among the left opposition. Sri Lankan politics for several years witnessed a bitter struggle between the president and the prime minister, belonging to different parties and elected separately, over the negotiations with the Tamil Tigers to resolve the longstanding civil war. Since 2004, the president has more political power.
Cohabitation (government)
18th government of Turkey The 18th government of Turkey (16 January 1949 – 22 May 1950) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called "the Günaltay government". Hasan Saka of the Republican People's Party (CHP), who was the previous prime minister, resigned on 14 September 1949. President İsmet İnönü, upon the suggestion of Hilmi Uran, the secretary general of his party, assigned Şemsettin Günaltay as the new prime minister. Günaltay was a scholar of religion, philosophy and history. A scholar of religion as the prime minister of a party which was known to be the champion
18th government of Turkey
Prime Minister of Haiti The Prime Minister of Haiti (, ) is the head of government of Haiti. The office was created under the 1987 Constitution; previously, all executive power was held by the President or head of state, who appointed and chaired the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President and ratified by the National Assembly. The Prime Minister appoints the Ministers and Secretaries of State and goes before the National Assembly to obtain a vote of confidence for his declaration of general policy. The Prime Minister enforces the laws and, along with the President,
Prime Minister of Haiti
Tansu Çiller Tansu Çiller (; born 24 May 1946) is a Turkish academic, economist, and politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Turkey from 1993 to 1996. She is Turkey's only female prime minister. As the leader of the True Path Party, she went on to concurrently serve as Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey and as Minister of Foreign Affairs between 1996 and 1997. As a Professor of Economics, Çiller was appointed as Minister of State with responsibility for the economy by Prime Minister Süleyman Demirel in 1991. When Demirel was elected as President in 1993, Çiller was
Tansu Çiller
36th government of Turkey The 36th government of Turkey (15 April 1973 – 26 January 1974) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called the "Talu government". After Fahri Korutürk was elected the president of Turkey, the previous prime minister Ferit Melen resigned. Korutürk appointed Naim Talu, an independent who had been the Minister of Commerce in the Melen government, as the new prime minister. Naim Talu formed his government with the support of the Justice Party (AP) and the Republican Reliance Party (CGP). The government ended by the general elections held on 14 October 1973.
36th government of Turkey
36th government of Turkey The 36th government of Turkey (15 April 1973 – 26 January 1974) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called the "Talu government". After Fahri Korutürk was elected the president of Turkey, the previous prime minister Ferit Melen resigned. Korutürk appointed Naim Talu, an independent who had been the Minister of Commerce in the Melen government, as the new prime minister. Naim Talu formed his government with the support of the Justice Party (AP) and the Republican Reliance Party (CGP). The government ended by the general elections held on 14 October 1973.
36th government of Turkey
Deputy Leader of the House Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury (2009–present)), Turkey (Prime Minister Tansu Çiller, 1993), and Kyrgyzstan (President Roza Otunbayeva, 2010) have been led by women; Mauritius, which has a significant Muslim minority, elected a female Muslim (Ameenah Gurib) as president in 2015. At one stage in the 1990s, over 300 million Muslims – at that time, between one-third and a quarter of the world's entire Islamic population – were simultaneously ruled by women when elected heads of state Tansu Çiller (the 22nd Prime Minister of Turkey), Khaleda Zia (the 9th Prime Minister of Bangladesh) and Benazir Bhutto (the 11th
Women in Islam
Aslan. Scores of police officials have reportedly been dismissed because their investigations made politicians uncomfortable. The chain of police command was changed so that politicians would be informed of, and could frustrate, police activities. This caused an injunction to be heard in the court system, who blocked the change. A prosecutor was dismissed. The arrest, which came along with many other arrests of officials allied with then-Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (now President of Turkey), is seen as part of a power struggle between the prime minister and U.S.-based Turkish religious leader Fethullah Gülen, who inspires Hizmet, an Islamic civil
Halk Bankası
directives become effective with the prime minister's signature. In the absence, incapacity, or resignation of the president, the SGKh chairman exercises presidential power until inauguration of a newly elected president. The Government, headed by the Prime Minister, has a four-year term. The President appoints the Prime Minister, after elections, and also appoints the members of the Government on the proposal of the Prime Minister, or if the latter is not able to reach a consensus on this issue with the President, within a week, then he or she shall submit it to the State Great Khural for the cabinet to
Politics of Mongolia
was adopted by referendum in 2017; the new system came into effect with the presidential election in 2018 and gives the President complete control of the executive, including the power to issue decrees, appoint his own cabinet, draw up the budget, dissolve parliament by calling early elections, and pack the bureaucracy and the courts with political appointees. The office of Prime Minister has been abolished and its powers (together with those of the Cabinet) have been transferred to the President, who is the head of state and is elected for a five-year term by direct elections. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is
Turkey
power to the president, speculation has arisen over the question of whether it is Medvedev or Prime Minister Vladimir Putin who actually wields the most power. According to "The Daily Telegraph", "Kremlin-watchers" note that Medvedev uses the more formal form of 'you' (Вы, 'vy') when addressing Putin, while Putin addresses Medvedev with the more informal 'ty' (ты). According to a poll conducted in September 2009 by the Levada Center in which 1,600 Russians from across Russia took part, 13% believed Medvedev held the most power, 32% Putin, and 48% both (7% failed to answer). However Medvedev has affirmed his position
Presidency of Dmitry Medvedev
5th government of Turkey The 5th government of Turkey (1 November 1927 – 27 September 1930) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called "the fourth İnönü government" The government was formed after Kemal Atatürk was elected as the president of Turkey for the second time. The prime minister was İsmet İnönü of the Republican People's Party (CHP), who was also the prime minister of the previous government. In the list below, the cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's lifespan are shown in the column "Notes". In 1927–1930, surnames were not yet
5th government of Turkey
1942. He is the only prime minister in the history of Turkey who has died while serving as the prime minister. Ahmet Fikri Tüzer served as the acting prime minister for two days, and another cabinet was formed by Şükrü Saracoğlu on 9 July. 12th government of Turkey The 12th government of Turkey (3 April 1939 – 9 July 1942) governed Turkey during the early years of the Second World War. It is also known as the "second Saydam" government. The government was formed after the general elections held on 26 March. The prime minister was Refik Saydam, secretary general
12th government of Turkey
Prime Minister of Singapore The Prime Minister of the Republic of Singapore (; , pinyin: "Xīnjiāpō gònghéguó zǒnglǐ"; , "Ciṅkappūr kuṭiyaraciṉ piratamar") is the head of the government of the Republic of Singapore, and the most powerful person in Singapore. The President of Singapore appoints as Prime Minister a Member of Parliament (MP) who, in his or her opinion, is most likely to command the confidence of a majority of MPs. In practice, the Prime Minister is usually the leader of the majority party in the legislature. Under the Constitution of Singapore, executive power is vested in the President. However,
Prime Minister of Singapore
than 150,000 Turks returned to Bulgaria—especially after the removal of Todor Zhivkov from power—but more than 200,000 chose to remain in Turkey permanently. Former Bulgarian prime minister, Boyko Borisov, has been accused of having anti-Turkish tendencies. In December 2009, he backed a referendum, proposed by the nationalist party Attack (Bulgarian: Атака), on whether to allow daily Turkish-language news broadcasts on Bulgarian National Television, although he later withdrew his support. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, then the Turkish prime minister, "expressed his concern of rising anti-Turkish sentiments in Bulgaria" to the Bulgarian prime minister. The Turkish Foreign Ministry also "expressed its concern over
Anti-Turkism
confusion from mixed authority patterns. Advantages Disadvantages In semi-presidential systems, there is always both a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the president has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but the role of a head of government may be exercised by the prime minister. "Italics" indicate states with limited recognition. The president chooses the prime minister and cabinet, but only the parliament may remove them from office with a "vote of no confidence". The president does not have the power to dismiss the prime minister or the cabinet which are chosen by the parliament. The
Semi-presidential system
motion to bring it down on 10 November. On 24 November, António Costa was appointed by the President of the Republic as Prime Minister-designate. Costa was sworn in on 26 November, 2015. The President of Portugal has the power to dissolve the Assembly of the Republic by their own will. Unlike in other countries, the President can refuse to dissolve the parliament at the request of the Prime Minister or the Assembly of the Republic and all the parties represented in Parliament. If the Prime Minister resigns, the President must appoint a new Prime Minister after listening to all the
2015 Portuguese legislative election
president. In such a situations the prime minister would serve as the de-facto head of government. In 2015, the nineteenth amendment restored certain degree of powers to the premiership. The prime minister is the second in the order of precedence after the president and head of the cabinet of ministers. The prime minister would be a member of the constitutional council, national security council and the senior most member cabinet of ministers. As head of the cabinet of ministers, the Prime Minister has the power to: By the constitution, the Prime Minister holds formal power to advise the president on:
Prime Minister of Sri Lanka
election was held on 14 May 1950 and led to the CHP losing power to the Democrat Party (DP) led by Celal Bayar. İnönü presided over a peaceful transition of power, after which Bayar became the third President of Turkey while Adnan Menderes became Prime Minister. The 1950 elections marked the end of the CHP's last majority government. The party has not been able to regain a parliamentary majority in any subsequent election. During the 1940s, the CHP established Village Institutes, which were part of an enlightenment project developed in order to reduce the gap that existed between urban and
Republican People's Party (Turkey)
sets came to Turkey in 2008, 3 more in 2009 and 2 more in 2010. On March 13, 2009, the inaugural ceremony took place in Ankara; attended by President Abdullah Gül, Prime Minister Tayyip Erdoğan, and Minister of Transport Binali Yıldırım, who started the YHT service with one of these sets. Subsequently, 2 additional sets were ordered with the same characteristics, reaching a total of twelve HT65000 trains. On November 13, 2009, the HT65006 derailed and became temporarily unusable after an accident (without injuries or fatalities) at Hasanbey near Eskişehir while it was passing from the high-speed line to the
TCDD HT65000
Palermo Conference The Palermo Conference was a two-day long conference which took place in Palermo, Italy on 12-13 November 2018 to discuss United Nations policy concerning Libya. Organized by Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte, It was attended by delegations from 38 countries, including Russia, the United States, Egypt, Tunisia, Turkey, as well as representatives of many rival Libyan factions fighting for power in the country. Attendants included Libyan prime minister Fayez al-Sarraj, Libyan field marshal Khalifa Haftar, Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Tunisian president Beji Caid Essebsi, Qatari Minister of Foreign Affairs Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani, Libyan
Palermo Conference
state officeholder in the Albanian system of government. One important role of the President is to designate a candidate for the office of Prime Minister who, in the opinion of the President, is best able to command a majority of the members of the Parliament. As head of government, the Prime Minister is charged with directing the internal policy of the country and leads the public administration. In this regard, the government cooperates with other interested social actors. If the Prime Minister is temporarily absent or incapable of exercising its executive power, the Deputy Prime Minister takes over his functions,
Prime Minister of Albania
offices of Vice Prime Minister. They have the executive power and authority over the cabinet and also help the Prime Minister in his tasks and responsibilities. In Mauritius, Prime Minister enjoys significant power whereas the President has a mostly ceremonial role. The President as head of state resides in a historical Chateau laid on 220 hectares of land and the Prime Minister resides in the much smaller Clarisse House. Nevertheless, the Prime Minister is the chief executive. He is responsible for any bill sent to the President from the assembly. He presides over all cabinet ministers and is the first
Politics of Mauritius
the armed forces and to be leader during the state of war when he can issue decrees with the force of law. He is impeachable for any violation of the Constitution. Croatian parliament decides whether to proceed impeaching the President and that is decided by the Constitutional Court. The Government of the Republic of Croatia exercise executive power. The Government consists of Prime Minister, one or more Deputy Prime Minister and ministers. President of the republic confides the mandate to form the Government to the person who, upon the distribution of the seats in the Croatian Parliament and consultations held,
Constitution of Croatia
of a constitutional monarchy, whereby the King is the Head of State. Fiji has a multiparty system with the Prime Minister of Fiji as head of government. The executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Parliament of Fiji. Fiji's Head of State is the President. He is elected by Parliament of Fiji after nomination by the Prime Minister or the Leader of the Opposition, for a three-year term. In the politics of Papua New Guinea the Prime Minister is the head of government. In Kiribati, the President of Kiribati is
Oceania
Numerous economic responsibilities of Deputy Prime Minister Mehmet Şimşek were delegated to co-deputy Prime Minister Nurettin Canikli or to Yıldırım himself. Shortly after taking office as Prime Minister, Yıldırım gave an overview of the foreign policy that his government would follow. He claimed that regional problems increased the importance of Turkey as a regional power, further claiming that he would follow the 'simple' foreign policy goal of increasing the number of allies and decreasing the number of enemies in the region. His speech was seen as a reference to the increasing isolation of Turkey on the world stage and the
Binali Yıldırım
Prime Minister. Soon after becoming Prime Minister, Yıldırım claimed that the fact that the President was now elected by popular vote rather than by Parliament had created a power struggle and confusion amongst the population, resulting in the need for a transition to an executive presidency. During his first speech to the AKP parliamentary group since becoming Prime Minister, Yıldırım announced that his government would begin work on drafting a new constitution with a matter of urgency, claiming that the current Constitution of Turkey, which was written during the 1980 coup d'état, was outdated for the AKP's 2023 vision for
Binali Yıldırım
Politics of Serbia The politics of Serbia function within the framework of a parliamentary democracy. The prime minister is the head of government, while the president is the head of state. Serbia is a parliamentary republic composed of three branches of government: an executive, legislature, and judiciary. The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Serbia as "flawed democracy" in 2016. Executive power is exercised by the prime minister, who heads a cabinet. The prime minister is chosen by the National Assembly on the proposal of the president, who names the designate after consultations with all parliamentary leaders. The president is elected
Politics of Serbia
50th government of Turkey The 50th government of Turkey (25 June 1993 – 5 October 1995) was a coalition government formed by True Path Party (DYP) and Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP). The prime minister of the 49th government of Turkey was Süleyman Demirel of DYP. When Süleyman Demirel was elected as the president of Turkey, DYP elected Tansu Çiller as its new leader, and Tansu Çiller formed the 50th government of Turkey. She became the first (and so far, the only) female prime minister of Turkey. On the other hand, the deputy prime minister Erdal İnönü of SHP resigned
50th government of Turkey
is not in session, and appoint the Prime Minister. The President has the power to declare war, to grant pardon and to conclude agreements of peace, alliance, and participation in international organizations; upon the request of the government a simple parliamentary majority is required to ratify such actions, agreements, or treaties. The Prime Minister of Albania "(Kryeministri)" is the head of government. According to the Constitution, the Prime Minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in the Albanian parliamentary system. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President; ministers are nominated by the
Politics of Albania
President Mahmud Abbas appointed Rami Hamdallah Prime Minister, but was not presented for approval by the Palestinian Legislative Council. Two weeks later, Hamdallah resigned in protest at the appointment of two deputy prime ministers for political and economic affairs. According to Hassan Khraisheh, deputy speaker of the PLC, the real reason Hamdallah resigned was because he discovered the Prime Minister has no power and that there was no point in having a prime minister “at a time when President Abbas has a monopoly over all the executive branch’s authorities.” “The presence of two deputy prime ministers, who are friends of
Palestinian governments of 2013
slated for release on 21 December 2018. The Accidental Prime Minister The Accidental Prime Minister: The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh is a 2014 memoir by Indian policy analyst Sanjaya Baru, who was Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's media advisor from May 2004 to August 2008. Published by Penguin India, the book alleges that Singh was not entirely in control of his cabinet—or even the Prime Minister's Office (PMO). Instead, significant power was wielded by the Congress party's president Sonia Gandhi, to whom Singh was completely "subservient". "There cannot be two centres of power", Baru remembers Singh explaining to him,
The Accidental Prime Minister
The Accidental Prime Minister The Accidental Prime Minister: The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh is a 2014 memoir by Indian policy analyst Sanjaya Baru, who was Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's media advisor from May 2004 to August 2008. Published by Penguin India, the book alleges that Singh was not entirely in control of his cabinet—or even the Prime Minister's Office (PMO). Instead, significant power was wielded by the Congress party's president Sonia Gandhi, to whom Singh was completely "subservient". "There cannot be two centres of power", Baru remembers Singh explaining to him, "That creates confusion. I have to accept
The Accidental Prime Minister
the new president of Turkey on 26 October 1961. According to the constitution, he resigned as prime minister. After a brief period in which Fahri Özdilek became the acting prime minister, a new civilian government led by İsmet İnönü was formed. 25th government of Turkey The 25th government of Turkey (5 January 1961 – 20 November 1961) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called "the Second Gürsel government". In 1961 the constituent assembly of Turkey was formed. Cemal Gürsel the prime minister of the previous government resigned to form a new government to serve together
25th government of Turkey
independence in 1912. A Prime Minister may choose not to appoint a Deputy Prime Minister. As of the Constitution of Albania, the President of Albania appoints the Deputy Prime Minister and swears before the starting duties in front of the President. The Deputy Prime Minister can take the position of the acting Prime Minister, when the Prime Minister is temporarily absent or incapable of exercising its executive power. The Deputy Prime Minister is often asked to succeed to the Prime Minister's term of office, following the Prime Minister's sudden death or unexpected resignation. However, that is not necessarily mandated by
Deputy Prime Minister of Albania
Erdal İnönü Erdal İnönü (6 June 1926 – 30 October 2007) was a Turkish theoretical physicist and politician, who served as the interim Prime Minister of Turkey between 16 May and 25 June 1993. He also served as the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey from 1991 to 1993 and as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from March to October 1995. He served as the leader of the Social Democracy Party (SODEP) from 1983 to 1985 and later the Social Democratic Populist Party (SHP) from 1986 to 1993. He was the son of the 2nd President of Turkey, İsmet İnönü. İnönü
Erdal İnönü
Turgut Özal Halil Turgut Özal (; 13 October 192717 April 1993) was a Turkish politician who served as the 8th President of Turkey from 1989 to 1993. He previously served as the 26th Prime Minister of Turkey from 1983 to 1989 as the leader of the Motherland Party. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey in the military government of Bülend Ulusu between 1980 and 1982. After working briefly at the World Bank in the United States and as a university lecturer, Özal became the general secretary and later the leader of the main miners' trade union of Turkey
Turgut Özal
48th government of Turkey The 48th government of Turkey (23 June 1991 – 20 November 1991) was a government led by Mesut Yılmaz of Motherland Party (ANAP). ANAP had the majority of seats in the parliament, but after Turgut Özal was elected as the president of Turkey, his prime minister post was offered to Yıldırım Akbulut. However, after the congress of the party, Mesut Yılmaz was elected as the new chairman of the party and was consequently appointed as the prime minister. In the list below, the serving period of cabinet members who served only a part of the cabinet's
48th government of Turkey
The office of Deputy Prime Minister is not provided for in the Constitution of Malaysia. At the same time, a Prime Minister could appoint more than one Deputy Prime Minister, as has occurred before in Singapore. By the practice of the past ruling coalition Barisan Nasional, where the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) was the unofficial leader, the UMNO Deputy President was usually appointed the Deputy Prime Minister by the Prime Minister (who was the UMNO President). In the organisational structure of Barisan Nasional, the President and Deputy President of UMNO were automatically made the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of
Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
9 April 2008 Tigran Sargsyan was appointed as the Prime Minister of Armenia, replacing Serzh Sargsyan in this position, who was elected the president of Armenia earlier that year. From 22 April new government started working, consisting of 18 ministries. The minister for territorial development combined position of the Deputy Prime Minister. The government included representatives of the parliament coalition from parties: Republican Party of Armenia, Prosperous Armenia, Armenian Revolutionary Federation and The Rule of Law. Two months following the appointment of Sargsyan Russo-Georgian War bursts out which seriously hurt economy of Armenia blockaded by Turkey and Azerbaijan for more
Tigran Sargsyan
Conferences: Prime Minister of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan sent a letter to Obama with Deulcom International's CEO Baybars Altuntaş during the summit, proposing to hold the next Entrepreneurship Summit in Istanbul. During his remarks, President Obama embraced the proposal and stated that "Together, we’ve sparked a new era of entrepreneurship -- with events all over Washington this week, and upcoming regional conferences around the world. Tonight, I am pleased to announce that Prime Minister Erdogan has agreed to host the next Entrepreneurship Summit next year in Turkey. And so I thank the Prime Minister and the people and private sector
Presidential Summit on Entrepreneurship
King George Tupou V traveled around the country in the classic 'black cab', the Austin FX4. The President and Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago each use a black, armoured, 2008 Toyota Crown. It carries the license plate with a gold coat of arms for the President and PM-1 for the Prime Minister. Each motorcade also includes a decoy car, two police motorcycles, two 2008 Toyota Land Cruisers as support vehicles and a leading Toyota Camry police vehicle. Most senior politicians use Mercedes-Benz automobiles. The President of Turkey and the Prime Minister of Turkey use Mercedes-Benz S-Class models. President Rauf
Official state car
Swiss residents should be able to block unwanted and unusual projects such as the erection of Islamic minarets. The committee alleged, inter alia, that "the construction of a minaret has no religious meaning. Neither in the Qur'an, nor in any other holy scripture of Islam is the minaret expressly mentioned at any point. The minaret is far more a symbol of a claim of religious-political power [...]." The initiators justified their point of view by quoting parts of a speech in 1997 by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (later Prime Minister and President of Turkey), which stated: "Mosques are our barracks, domes
2009 Swiss minaret referendum
in the column "Notes". During the congress of the Motherland Party on 15 June 1991, Mesut Yılmaz was elected as the new chairman of the party, and consequently, Yıldırım Akbulut resigned as prime minister. 47th government of Turkey The 47th government of Turkey (9 November 1989 – 23 June 1991) governed Turkey and was led by Yıldırım Akbulut of Motherland Party (ANAP). On 31 October 1989, Turgut Özal, the previous prime minister, was elected as the president of Turkey. According to the constitution, he left the office of prime minister. After a short period during which Ali Bozer was the
47th government of Turkey
million concept design phase for a fifth-generation air-to-air fighter, TAI TFX. During a State visit of the President of Turkey to Sweden on 13 March 2013, TAI signed an agreement with Sweden's Saab AB to provide design support services to Turkey for the TAI TFX program. TAI has stated that the program will cost $120 billion (with engine development). Former Prime Minister Erdoğan has stated that Turkey has allocated the funds for development of the fuselage (less engine) and that it intends to have the TAI TFX fully operational prior to 2025. On 8 January 2015, Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu
Fifth-generation jet fighter
the CDU was Matthias Kerkhoff. Lambsdorff has become increasingly critical of an accession of Turkey to the European Union and publicly declared that accession talks should be suspended until the Turkish government returns to the direction of the EU. In 2011, he accused Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan of using "gunboat rhetoric" in his statements about Israel, adding that "with a strident anti-Israel course, it isn't making any friends in Europe." On the 2014 post-election protests in Turkey, he commented: "There are more journalists in jail [in Turkey] than in China or Iran and now the Prime Minister wants to
Alexander Graf Lambsdorff
(the upper house). The House of Representatives has the power to appoint the prime minister, make constitutional amendments, call for a vote of confidence on the prime minister, and make suggestions on foreign and domestic policy. The Council of the Republic has the power to select various government officials, conduct an impeachment trial of the president, and accept or reject the bills passed by the House of Representatives. Each chamber has the ability to veto any law passed by local officials if it is contrary to the constitution. The government includes a Council of Ministers, headed by the prime minister
Belarus
it does not have the power to confirm Government ministers. The power to confirm or reject the prime minister is severely limited. According to the 1993 constitution, the State Duma must decide within one week to confirm or reject a candidate once the president has placed that person's name in nomination. If it rejects three candidates, the president is empowered to appoint a prime minister, dissolve the parliament, and schedule new legislative elections. The State Duma's power to force the resignation of the Government also is severely limited. It may express a vote of no-confidence in the Government by a
Politics of Russia
the President of South Korea, the Prime Minister of Australia, attended by the Sultan Brunei Darussalam, the President of Afghanistan, the President of Iran, the Prime Minister of Timor Leste, the Prime Minister of Turkey, the Prime Minister of Thailand, the Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea, the Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore and the Deputy Vice Minister of Nepal. BDF V was attended by 37 participants and 48 observers. The theme of the BDF V was “"Advancing Democratic Principles at the Global Setting: How Democratic Global Governance Contributes to International Peace and Security, Economic Development, and Effective Enjoyment of
Bali Democracy Forum
Tandemocracy The Putin-Medvedev tandemocracy is the joint leadership of Russia between 2008 and 2012 when Vladimir Putin, who was constitutionally barred from serving a third consecutive term as President of Russia, assumed the role of Prime Minister under President Dmitry Medvedev. While the office of Prime Minister is nominally the subservient position, opinion differs as to what extent Putin was the "de facto" leader during this period, with most opinion being either that Putin remained paramount or that he and Medvedev had similar levels of power. Putin was re-elected President in the 2012 election and Medvedev became his Prime Minister.
Tandemocracy
warmly welcomed Singapore's intention to open an embassy in Ankara later that year. They also exchanged views on regional developments in Asia and the Middle East. H.E. President Erdoğan, then in his capacity as Prime Minister, visited Singapore on 8–9 January 2014. H.E. Prime Minister Lee visited Turkey on 12–15 October 2014. Prime Minister H.E Binali Yıldırım paid an official visit to Singapore on 21–22 August 2017. There are 500 Turkish citizens based in Singapore and over 50 Turkish companies registered in Singapore. Singapore–Turkey relations Singapore - Turkey relations refers to bilateral relations between Singapore and Turkey. Diplomatic relations between
Singapore–Turkey relations
in the column "Notes". Saka was criticized as too mild to struggle against the Democrat Party opposition. He resigned on 8 July 1948. However, ten days later, he founded his second government. 16th government of Turkey The 16th government of Turkey (10 September 1947 – 10 June 1948) was a government in the history of Turkey. It is also called the "first Saka government". Recep Peker of the Republican People's Party (CHP), who was the previous prime minister, resigned on 9 September 1947 after a harsh discussions in the parliament. İsmet İnönü, the president, assigned Hasan Saka, a more moderate
16th government of Turkey
threat level are given security cover by Delhi police in the Capitol and respective state police forces elsewhere. In Pakistan, the President and Prime Minister receive close protection teams from the military's elite Special Service Group unit. President Pervez Musharraf, as civilian head of state, was due to have this withdrawn after retiring as Chief of Army Staff, but the Pakistan Army has retained his close protection unit. In Turkey, there are two main services, tasked with close protection. The Prime Minister of Turkey is protected by the "Karşı Saldırı Timi'nde" (KST), an elite counterattack team, a subunit of the
Bodyguard
the physical security of the prime minister, the president or a VIP" (Section 8). The SSF is now accountable to the prime minister under the present parliamentary system, and is given the power to "arrest without warrant...any person when there is reason to believe that the presence or movement of such person at or near the place where the prime minister, the president or a VIP is living or staying or through which he is passing or about to pass is prejudicial to the physical security of the prime minister, the president or such VIP; and if such person forcibly
Special Security Force
is not a part of the Government of Russia, which exercises executive power. In all cases where the President of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill his duties, they shall be temporarily delegated to the Prime Minister, who becomes Acting President of Russia. The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third important position after the President and the Prime Minister. In the case of incapacity of both the President and Prime Minister, the chairman of the upper house of parliament becomes acting head of state. The power includes execution of federal law, alongside the responsibility of appointing federal
President of Russia
2002. He was a member of the Community of İskenderpaşa, a Turkish sufistic community of Naqshbandi tariqah. Turgut Özal Halil Turgut Özal (; 13 October 192717 April 1993) was a Turkish politician who served as the 8th President of Turkey from 1989 to 1993. He previously served as the 26th Prime Minister of Turkey from 1983 to 1989 as the leader of the Motherland Party. He was the Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey in the military government of Bülend Ulusu between 1980 and 1982. After working briefly at the World Bank in the United States and as a university lecturer,
Turgut Özal
on Prime Ministerial advice – a permanent Deputy Prime Minister, who becomes acting Prime Minister when needed, has largely removed even this discretion from the Governor-General. The Governor-General has a number of other legal powers. The Governor-General may dismiss an incumbent Prime Minister and Cabinet, an individual Minister, or any other official who holds office "during the Queen's pleasure" or "during the Governor-General's pleasure". Conventionally, the Governor-General follows the advice of the Prime Minister or another appropriate Minister in matters of appointment and dismissal. Likewise, by convention, the Government as a whole remains in office as long as it keeps
Reserve power
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan called the Netherlands, "Nazi remnants" and "fascists," which Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte called "a crazy remark." Çavuşoğlu followed by defending the Erdoğan's remark and by saying that the Netherlands was the "capital of fascism". He is married with one child. Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu (; born 5 February 1968) is a Turkish politician who has been Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey since 24 November 2015; previously he was Minister of Foreign Affairs from August 2014 to August 2015. He is also a member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, where he represents Antalya
Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu
however named a 20-year-old woman, whom the police had recently released from custody, as perpetrator. Another media report pointed at Dokumacılar, an ISIL-linked terrorist group. The Prime Minister of Turkey, Ahmet Davutoğlu, formed a crisis meeting and sent Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmuş, Interior Minister Sebahattin Öztürk and Minister of Labour and Social Security Faruk Çelik to Suruç to follow developments. Deputy Prime Minister Yalçın Akdoğan condemned the bombing, stating on social media that Turkey would never yield to such terrorist attacks. The President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, was in Northern Cyprus at the time of the bombing. In
2015 Suruç bombing
the office of the Prime Minister in Lebanon is notably significantly weaker in Lebanon than in France, for the President is the sole person who can dismiss him (at will), while in France the Prime Minister is appointed by the President, and can only be removed by the Parliament through a vote of no confidence. This means that the Prime Minister of Lebanon must be much more deferential to the President than his French counterpart. Twice in the past, when the president resigned or shortly before his term expired, the president broke the National Pact and appointed a Maronite Christian
Prime Minister of Lebanon
The 1958 Constitution includes several provisions intended to strengthen the prime minister's position, for instance by restricting the legislature's power to vote censure. The current prime minister is Édouard Philippe, who was appointed on 15 May 2017. Prime Minister of France The French Prime Minister () in the Fifth Republic is the head of government. During the Third and Fourth Republics, the head of government position was called President of the Council of Ministers (), generally shortened to President of the Council (). The Prime Minister proposes a list of ministers to the President of the Republic. Decrees and decisions
Prime Minister of France
2023 vision The 2023 vision is a list of goals released by the administration of Prime Minister (now President) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, to coincide with the centenary of the Republic of Turkey in 2023. Turkey's foreign-policy objectives and vision as articulated by former Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu: The Turkish currency and debt crisis of 2018 is an ongoing financial crisis in Turkey. It is characterized by a plunging value of the Turkish lira, high inflation, rising borrowing costs and corresponding loan defaults. Under the government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Turkey has been running huge and growing current account deficits, reaching
2023 vision
Politics of Iraq The politics of Iraq place in a framework of a federal parliamentary representative democratic republic. It is a multi-party system whereby the executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister of the Council of Ministers as the head of government, as well as the President of Iraq, and legislative power is vested in the Council of Representatives and the Federation Council. The current Prime Minister of Iraq is Adil Abdul-Mahdi, who holds most of the executive authority and appointed the Council of Ministers. which acts as a cabinet and/or government.The Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Iraq as
Politics of Iraq
Next Portuguese legislative election The Portuguese legislative election of 2019 will be held on 6 October 2019. At stake will be all 230 seats to the Assembly of the Republic. The President of Portugal has the power to dissolve the Assembly of the Republic by their own will. Unlike in other countries, the President can refuse to dissolve the parliament at the request of the Prime Minister or the Assembly of the Republic and all the parties represented in Parliament. If the Prime Minister resigns, the President must appoint a new Prime Minister after listening to all the parties represented
Next Portuguese legislative election
Hung in 1988, the prime minister has been ranked 3rd in the order of precedence of the Communist Party's Politburo, the highest decision-making body in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh, who also served as the country's President, was appointed Vietnam's first prime minister in 1946 by the National Assembly, after having served months as Acting Chairman of the Provisional Government and foreign minister in the aftermath of the 1945 August Revolution. Both the 1946 and 1959 Constitutions state that the National Assembly had the power to appoint and relieve the prime minister of his duties. The prime minister presided over the
Prime Minister of Vietnam
passed the 18th Amendment. However, this 2008-2013 term is often touted to be the first complete democratic change of power without a military president or a coup de etat in Pakistan. Some new features were also introduced into the constitution, including the following: 292 of the 342 members of the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, voted in favour of the amendment. The amendment turns the President into a ceremonial head of state and transfers power to the Prime Minister, and removes the limit on a Prime Minister serving more than two terms, opening the way for Nawaz Sharif
Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
Council of State and Cumhuriyet newspaper, the assassination of several Christian missionaries and Armenian-Turkish journalist Hrant Dink, as well as allegedly plotting the assassination of Nobel laureate Orhan Pamuk. Turkey gave women the right to vote in 1930 for municipal elections. In 1934 this right was expanded for the national elections, while women were also given the right to become elected as MPs in the Turkish Parliament, or for being appointed as Ministers, Prime Minister, Speaker of the Parliament and President of the Republic. In 1993 Tansu Çiller became the first female Prime Minister of Turkey. In its second report
Accession of Turkey to the European Union
the Wolf Foundation, the president of Magen David Adom, the president of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and ceremonially appoints the Prime Minister. The president also has the power to pardon or commute the sentences of both soldiers and civilians, and ceremonially appoints judges to courts, including the Supreme Court, after appointment by the Judicial Selection Committee. In addition, paragraph 29a of "The Government" basic law also states that the president must consent to the dissolution of the Knesset at the request of the Prime Minister when the government has lost its majority and can therefore no longer
President of Israel
the closing stages of the war on the side of the Allies on 23 February 1945. On 26 June 1945, Turkey became a charter member of the United Nations. In the following year, the single-party period in Turkey came to an end, with the first multiparty elections in 1946. In 1949 Turkey became a member of the Council of Europe. The Democratic Party established by Celâl Bayar won the 1950, 1954 and 1957 general elections and stayed in power for a decade, with Adnan Menderes as the Prime Minister and Bayar as the President. After participating with the United Nations
Turkey
Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister and Attorney-General, such other offices of Minister of the Government as may be prescribed by Parliament or, subject to any law, established by the President, acting in accordance with the advice of the Prime Minister. Provided that the number of offices of Minister, other than the Prime Minister, shall not be more than 24, the President, acting in his own deliberate judgment, shall appoint as Prime Minister the member of the Assembly who appears to him best able to command the support of the majority of the members of the Assembly, and shall, acting in
Cabinet of Mauritius
also agreed to establish a mechanism for political consultations to discuss points of views on bilateral and multilateral mutual interests. In 1998, Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz became the first Turkish head-of-state to pay an official visit to Mexico. In 2009, then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan paid a visit to Mexico. In 2013, President Enrique Peña Nieto became the first Mexican head-of-state pay a visit to Turkey. Both nations are considered as regional powers and are playing bigger roles in the international community. Both nations have supported each other diplomatically, particularly in the United Nations and Mexico has supported Turkey
Mexico–Turkey relations
Prime Minister of Turkey The Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey (Turkish: "Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Başbakanı") was the head of government of the Republic of Turkey from 1920 to 2018. The prime minister was the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament (Meclis) and the leader of the cabinet. The last holder of the position is Binali Yıldırım of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), who took office on 24 May 2016. In the Ottoman Empire, the prime minister of the Ottoman sultan held the title of Grand Vizier (). After the Tanzimat period in the 19th century,
Prime Minister of Turkey
39th government of Turkey The 39th government of Turkey (31 March 1975 – 21 June 1977) was a historical government of Turkey. It is also called "the fourth Demirel cabinet" and "First Nationalist Front". After Bülent Ecevit of the Republican People's Party (CHP), who was the prime minister of the 37th government resigned, Turkey experienced a period of cabinet crises. During a period of more than four months, the government was a caretakers government led by Sadi Irmak. Finally, four parties formed the 39th government. The prime minister was Süleyman Demirel, the leader of Justice Party (AP). Other partners were
39th government of Turkey
seen requests by Turkey to close or investigate Gülen-linked schools. In Egypt, MP Emad Mahrous called on the Egyptian government to grant asylum to Gülen. In the request, sent to Speaker of the House of Representatives Ali Abdel-Aal, Prime Minister Sherif Ismail and Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry on 24 July 2016, Mahrous notes that "[Turkey] was a moderate Muslim country that has become an Islamist dictatorship at the hands of [Turkish president] Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and his affiliated Muslim Brotherhood political party", arguing that it was highly distasteful that Erdoğan has requested Gülen's extradition from the United States while at
Fethullah Gülen
Ankara. In 1986, the then Turkish prime minister, Turgut Ozal paid a visit to Bangladesh. Turkish President Suleyman Demirel joined Nelson Mandela and Yasser Arafat at the silver jubilee celebrations of Bangladesh's independence in 1997. In 1998, the two countries co-founded the Developing 8 Countries group. Turkish president Abdullah Gul paid an official visit to Dhaka in 2010. Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan paid a visit to Dhaka in 2010. Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina paid an official visit to Ankara in 2012. Bangladesh and Turkey are among each other's key trading partners. The bilateral trade between the two
Bangladesh–Turkey relations
the leader of the majority party or coalition). the president then appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios to them on the advice of the prime minister. The Council of Ministersa remains in power at the 'pleasure' of the president. The president appoints 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons who have special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as literature, science, art and social service. President may nominate not more than two members of Anglo Indian community as Lok Sabha members per Governors of states are also appointed by the
President of India
a Ramadan dinner at the White House that replaced the usual crowd of ambassadors with young American Muslims." He also helped put on a 2010 Presidential Global Entrepreneurship Summit hosted by President Obama. During his travel to OIC member countries, Hussain has held meetings with a number of leaders, including President Karzai of Afghanistan, President Gul of Turkey, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono of Indonesia, Prime Minister Najib of Malaysia, President Zardari of Pakistan, Prime Minister Aziz of Mauritania, President Sall of Senegal, President Buhari of Nigeria, and OIC Secretary General Ihsanoglu. Hussain also attended the
Rashad Hussain
Politics of Finland The politics of Finland take place within the framework of a parliamentary representative democracy. Finland is a republic whose head of state is President Sauli Niinistö, who leads the nation's foreign policy and is the supreme commander of the Finnish Defence Forces. Finland's head of government is the Prime Minister, who leads the nation's executive branch, called the Finnish Government. Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of Finland (, ), and the Government has limited rights to amend or extend legislation. Because the Constitution of Finland vests power to both the President and Government, the President
Politics of Finland
1920 with Bekir Sami Kunduh becoming the first minister responsible, with the legislative Act No. 1154 in 1927 laying down the legal functions of the Foreign Ministry. The Turkish diplomatic service was significantly expanded after the Second World War despite ASALA terrorist attacks against Turkish diplomats occurring in the 1970s. Since the office was established in 1920, there have been 43 Ministers of Foreign Affairs. Ministers are appointed by the Prime Minister of Turkey as part of his or her cabinet, after which the President of Turkey validates the appointment of the minister. The minister is usually a Member of
Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)
was first developed thousands of years ago by the Göktürks, who would dilute bitter yogurt with water in an attempt to improve its flavor. A c. 1000 CE Turkish dictionary, Dīwān ul-Lughat al-Turk, defines doogh as a "drink made out of milk." Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, a conservative Turkish politician who has held the posts of President and Prime Minister, has promoted ayran as a national drink. Speaking at a 2013 WHO Global Alcohol Policy Conference held in Istanbul, Erdoğan contrasted ayran with alcohol, which he claimed was a recent introduction to Turkey. Nevertheless, sales of ayran in Turkey may lag
Doogh
Politics Report’ of the Council on Foreign Relations. He is married with Dr. Nebahat Koru and has five children. His brother Naci Koru is currently Deputy Foreign Minister, and he previously served as Turkey's Ambassador in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He will takeover his position as permanent representative of Turkey in United Nations Office in Geneve. While he was in London he shared a flat with Abdullah Gül, who later on became Prime Minister and then President of Republic of Turkey. Fehmi Koru Fehmi Koru (born 24 July 1950 in Izmir) is a Turkish journalist and columnist. Koru studied theology in
Fehmi Koru
Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in" "Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts" "Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts" "Note: G = Games pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts" 1953 Cleveland Indians season The 1953 Cleveland Indians season was a season in American baseball. The team finished second in the American League with a
1953 Cleveland Indians season
fabric. Necklines became lower as well. Embroidery that reflected scientific discoveries, such as new animals and plants discovered were popular. In the British Colonies, the multiple-piece dresses were also popular, though less luxurious. Wealthy women living in the Spanish or Dutch colonies in the Americas copied the fashions that were popular from their homelands. The three-piece dress, which had a bodice, petticoat and gown, were popular until the last 25 years, in which the mantua, or a one-piece gown, became more popular. Corsets became more important in dresses by the 1680s. Working women, and women in slavery in the Americas,
Dress
2011–12 Chicago Blackhawks season The 2011–12 Chicago Blackhawks season is the 86th season for the National Hockey League franchise. On May 19, 2011, goaltender Corey Crawford signed a three-year, $8 million contract. On March 31, 2012, the Blackhawks clinched a playoff spot with a 5–4 victory over the Nashville Predators. This marks the Blackhawks fourth consecutive season making the playoffs. The Blackhawks returned to the playoffs for the fourth straight season. The Blackhawks lost in the first round, losing to the Phoenix Coyotes in six games. Legend: This was the fourth consecutive season that the Blackhawks clinched a playoff berth.
2011–12 Chicago Blackhawks season
as good as any. Lucy grabs the gun from the Headhunter and shoots the Doctor with one of the time bullets. Back in the TARDIS, the Headhunter "un-shoots" the Doctor and he instantly recovers. He's angry with Lucie, who admits that she was acting selfishly. He tells her there are times when people don’t actually want to be saved and she should have respected his wishes, but she argues that she didn’t just do it for herself, but for Earth and the rest of the Universe. She reminds him that his sick TARDIS is destroying the Vortex, but the Headhunter
Orbis (audio drama)
and earned the high honor of Rhodes Scholar in 1979, the first BSU alumnus to achieve this honor. While studying Renaissance literature at Oriel College, Oxford, he extended his interest in drama by founding the Oxford University Film Foundation and by making a student film "Privileged", which starred a young Hugh Grant. Befriended by John Schlesinger, who provided the funding, Michael's next film was "Restless Natives", a humorous look at young Scottish boys who hold up tour buses. His other credits include "Some Girls," a film starring the young Patrick Dempsey (Derek Shepherd on "Grey's Anatomy"), "Restoration" with Robert Downey,
Michael Hoffman (director)
Prime Minister
Title: Politics of Turkey. Content: Politics of Turkey The politics of Turkey takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Turkey is the head of government, and the President of Turkey is the head of state who holds a largely ceremonial role with substantial reserve powers. Turkey's political system is based on a separation of powers. Executive power is exercised by the Council of Ministers. Legislative power is vested in the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Its current constitution was adopted on 7 November 1982 after the
President
President
president
President
president
President