where did the southern song have their capital
Lin'an
and established its capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional "birthplace of Chinese civilization" along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took
Song dynasty
75 wén for trading purposes, and could be discounted to as low as 56 for writings. The majority of Qian Pai tablets tend to have the description "(for) use in Lin'An Prefecture" (), the contemporary capital city. As the Mongols started to advance Southwards the last 3 emperors of the Song dynasty did not cast any coins as they had neither the time to set up any mints nor the resources to produce any cast coins. The coins produced during the Song dynasty period include: In the year Shaoxing 1 (1131) the military forces of the Song and Jurchen Jin
Southern Song dynasty coinage
Southern Song dynasty coinage The Southern Song dynasty refers to an era of the Song dynasty after Kaifeng was captured by the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127. The government of the Song was forced to establish a new capital city at Lin'an (present day Hangzhou) which wasn't near any sources of copper so the quality of the coins produced under the Southern Song significantly deteriorated compared to the cast copper coins of the Northern Song dynasty. The Southern Song government preferred to invest in their defenses (as its incapable military easily fell to the Jurchens) while trying to remain passive
Southern Song dynasty coinage
the Jingkang incident, Zhao Gou (Emperor Gaozong) reestablished the Song dynasty in Hang Prefecture, which he renamed to Lin'an Prefecture in 1129.) Liangzhe Circuit Liangzhe Circuit (997–1160s) was one of the major circuits during the Song dynasty (960–1279). Its administrative area corresponds roughly to modern Zhejiang, Shanghai, and southern Jiangsu (the portion east of Changzhou, between Lake Tai and the Yangtze). The fertile Yangtze River Delta lay within Liangzhe Circuit, as did Lake Tai. Liangzhe was the wealthiest circuit in Song. The capital of Liangzhe Circuit was Hang Prefecture (renamed Lin'an Prefecture in 1129, when it became the Song capital).
Liangzhe Circuit
Liangzhe Circuit Liangzhe Circuit (997–1160s) was one of the major circuits during the Song dynasty (960–1279). Its administrative area corresponds roughly to modern Zhejiang, Shanghai, and southern Jiangsu (the portion east of Changzhou, between Lake Tai and the Yangtze). The fertile Yangtze River Delta lay within Liangzhe Circuit, as did Lake Tai. Liangzhe was the wealthiest circuit in Song. The capital of Liangzhe Circuit was Hang Prefecture (renamed Lin'an Prefecture in 1129, when it became the Song capital). Liangzhe Circuit was created in 997, about 19 years after the Wuyue (907–978) king Qian Chu surrendered his kingdom to the Song
Liangzhe Circuit
dynasties, basing their legitimacy on Confucian philosophy. Song refugees from the north resettled in southern China. The north was the cultural center of China, and its conquest by the Jin diminished the regional stature of the Song dynasty. The Southern Song, however, quickly returned to economic prosperity, and trade with the Jin was lucrative despite decades of warfare. Lin'an, the Southern Song capital, expanded into a major city for commerce. The Jurchens were a Tungusic-speaking group of semi-agrarian tribes inhabiting areas of northeast Asia that are now part of Northeast China. Many of the Jurchen tribes were vassals of the
Jin–Song Wars
of fortifying the capital. The Jin resumed war and again besieged Kaifeng in 1127. They captured Qinzong and looted the capital in an event known as the Jingkang Incident. This separated north and south China between Jin and Song. Remnants of the Song imperial family retreated to southern China and, after brief stays in several temporary capitals, eventually relocated to Lin'an (modern Hangzhou). The retreat divided the dynasty into two distinct periods, Northern Song and Southern Song. The Jurchens tried to conquer southern China in the 1130s, but were bogged down by a pro-Song insurgency in the north and a
Jin–Song Wars
most of China. Some members of the Song imperial family, most notably Zhao Gou (later Emperor Gaozong), managed to escape to southern China, where they reestablished the Song dynasty (as the Southern Song dynasty) in the new capital, Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou). This event also greatly contributed to the return of the descendants of Emperor Taizu to the line of succession, as most of Emperor Taizong's descendants were abducted; Emperor Gaozong himself failed to produce an heir as well. This event was referred to as the "Jingkang Incident" because it took place during the Jingkang era of the reign of Emperor
Jingkang incident
the Jingkang Incident during the latter invasion, the Jurchens captured not only the capital, but the retired emperor Huizong, his successor Emperor Qinzong, and most of the Imperial court. The remaining Song forces regrouped under the self-proclaimed Emperor Gaozong of Song (1127–1162) and withdrew south of the Yangtze to establish a new capital at Lin'an (modern Hangzhou). The Jurchen conquest of North China and shift of capitals from Kaifeng to Lin'an was the dividing line between the Northern and Southern Song dynasties. After their fall to the Jin, the Song lost control of North China. Now occupying what has been
Song dynasty
the future Emperor Gaozong, escaped from Bianjing and fled to southern China, where he reestablished the Song Empire (as the Southern Song dynasty) with its capital at Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou) and himself as the new emperor. As his own son had died prematurely, Emperor Gaozong designated Zhao Shen (Emperor Xiaozong), a descendant of Zhao Kuangyin (Emperor Taizu), as heir thus returning the imperial lineage to Zhao Kuangyin's line. In 1234, the Song Empire allied with the Mongol Empire against the Jin Empire. While successful at bringing about the downfall of the Jin Empire, the alliance also exposed significant weaknesses in
House of Zhao
Imitation Song Imitation Song is a style of Chinese typefaces modeled after a type style in Lin'an in the Southern Song Dynasty. They are technically a type of regular script typeface. The name of this kind of typeface varies across regions that use Chinese characters. Characteristics of imitation Song typefaces include: The printing industry from the Tang Dynasty reached an apex in the Song Dynasty, during which there were three major areas of production: When Song lost control of northern China to the Jin (金) dynasty, its capital was moved to Lin'an (modern Hangzhou), where there was a revival of
Imitation Song
Emperor Duanzong Emperor Duanzong of Song (10 July 1269 – 8 May 1278), personal name Zhao Shi, was the 17th emperor of the Song dynasty in China and the eighth and penultimate emperor of the Southern Song dynasty. He was the fifth son of Emperor Duzong and an elder brother of his predecessor, Emperor Gong and successor Zhao Bing. Emperor Gong along with Grand Dowager Xie surrendered to the Mongol Empire in 1276 after the fall of the Song capital, Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou). Zhao Shi and his seventh brother, Zhao Bing, managed to escape southward to Fujian Province, where the
Emperor Duanzong
Hearts" (赤心, "chì xīn") and the "Army Appearing from Nowhere" (奇兵, "qí bīng"). The enormous number of deserters forced the Jin general Wan Yanchang (完顏昌) to call for his remaining troops to retreat. Southern Song dynasty coinage The Southern Song dynasty refers to an era of the Song dynasty after Kaifeng was captured by the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127. The government of the Song was forced to establish a new capital city at Lin'an (present day Hangzhou) which wasn't near any sources of copper so the quality of the coins produced under the Southern Song significantly deteriorated compared to
Southern Song dynasty coinage
River and established their capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song Dynasty had lost control of the traditional birthplace of Chinese civilization along the Yellow River, the Song economy was not in ruins, as the Southern Song Empire contained 60 percent of China's population and a majority of the most productive agricultural land. During the Song Dynasty, Chán (禪) was used by the government to strengthen its control over the country, and Chán grew to become the largest sect in Chinese Buddhism. An ideal picture of the Chán of the Tang period was produced, which served the legacy of
Chinese Buddhism
Japanese destroyer Hamanami The "Yūgumo" class was a repeat of the preceding with minor improvements that increased their anti-aircraft capabilities. Their crew numbered 228 officers and enlisted men. The ships measured overall, with a beam of and a draft of . They displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ships had two Kampon geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Kampon water-tube boilers. The turbines were rated at a total of for a designed speed of . The main armament of the "Yūgumo" class consisted of six Type 3 guns in three
Japanese destroyer Hamanami
Phanerosaurus Phanerosaurus is an extinct genus of diadectid reptiliomorph from the Early Permian of Germany. Fossils are known from the Leukersdorf Formation near Zwickau. German paleontologist Christian Erich Hermann von Meyer named the type species "P. naumanni" in 1860 on the basis of several sacral and presacral vertebrae. A second species, "P. pungnax", was named in 1882 but placed in its own genus "Stephanospondylus" in 1905. Like those of other diadectids, the vertebrae of "Phanerosaurus" are very wide. The neural arches are very tall and extend beyond the centra with prominent zygapophyses projecting from either side. There are few distinctive
Phanerosaurus
were pivotal in encouraging him to pursue a career in the performing arts. Marcel sang with Mase on the song "Awkward" in 2012. Albums: Mixtapes: Adrian Marcel Adrian Marcel Hutton (born May 22, 1990), who also known by his stage name Adrian Marcel, is an American singer, songwriter and rapper from Oakland, California. In April 2013, he released his first mixtape, "7 Days of Weak". The mixtape was presented by the Grammy Award-winning musician Raphael Saadiq, who took Marcel in as his protégé. In November 2014, Marcel released his first RIAA-certified gold hit single, "2AM" featuring Sage the Gemini. In
Adrian Marcel
one of ten spots from the first semi final on 12 May. They eventually finished in 10th place with 92 points. Although it was Armenia's less successful performance in the Eurovision so far (until 2011), it gave the country a fourth successive top ten placing. "Jan Jan" was also the first Armenian song that entered the Pmachinery Top 30. The song entered the chart on 13 June 2009 at number 26. Its highest chart position was number 3 (1 August 2009) and it remained in the chart for 16 weeks. Inga represented Armenia again in the Eurovision Song Contest 2015
Inga and Anush Arshakyan
García netted his 500th career strikeout by getting Omar Infante as the Cardinals won 4–0. It was García's 102nd career start; he had also not issued a walk in his first 30 IP of the season. Lyons, whom the Cardinals recalled from Memphis to take the place of an injured Lance Lynn on June 13, stopped a winless streak of 13 MLB starts by pitching a 3–2 victory over the Royals. He struck out five in six innings. Closer Trevor Rosenthal strung together a scoreless inning streak while saving his NL-leading 21st game of the season. The Cardinals' first back-to-back
2015 St. Louis Cardinals season
with the southern tip of Guadalajara and the western fringe of Valencia, where their capital "Cartala" (Los Villares, near Caudete de las Fuentes; Iberian-type mint: "Kelin") – also designated "Althea", "Altaia" or "Altia" by some Greek authors – was sited. Other Olcades’ towns were "Caesada" (Hita de Guadalajara; Iberian-type mint: "Kaisesa"?) and "Laxta" (Iniesta?). Archeological evidence recovered from local cemeteries, such as Buenache and Olmedilla de Alarcón, indicates that the Olcades' culture was strongly influenced by contacts with southern Iberian, Phoenician, Etruscan and Greek traders; indeed, they are considered to have been responsible for the cultural ‘Iberianization’ of neighbouring Celtiberia
Olcades
of all Southern Song academy painters. Nevertheless, a few artists, including the Japanese master Sesshū, continued Xia's tradition for hundreds of years, until the early 17th century. No information survives on Xia's birth and death dates, background, or education. He was most probably born in Hangzhou, then capital of Southern Song. During the reign of Emperor Ningzong Xia served in the Imperial Painting Academy (Yuhuayuan 廷畫院) in the same city, the way most major artists did at the time. His teachers are unknown, but the surviving works suggest strong influence of Li Tang, a prominent academy painter whose style was
Xia Gui
each evening over the 16 and 17 June 1989. Other artists who have recorded "Silhouettes" include: Andy Griffith did a recorded comedy skit on that song, where a studio group sings a line from the song "Silhouettes", and then repeatedly stops, where Griffith makes his comic remark on the lyrical line before the song resumes. Only 2 verses of the song were used. This was recorded in 1957. A rock and roll revival act, Sha Na Na, performed the song at the Woodstock Festival in mid-1969. The Ronettes released a version of the song on their 1965 Colpix Records release,
Silhouettes (The Rays song)
the emperor's trust, he submitted petitions requesting that Yang Pu (whom Emperor Liezu continued to honor as a retired emperor and allowed to live at the palace in Guangling, while Southern Tang's capital was set at Jinling (i.e., Sheng Prefecture)) be moved out of Guangling and be given a lesser title, so that people would not be tempted to rebel to restore Wu, and that the marriage between Emperor Liezu's daughter Princess Yongxing and Yang Pu's son Yang Lian the Duke of Hongnong (the former crown prince) be severed. Emperor Liezu did not accept either proposal. When Song again objected
Song Qiqiu
Liu Songnian Liu Songnian (刘松年 or traditional Liu Sung-nien) (1174–1224 CE), was a Chinese figure and landscape painter during the early Southern Song Dynasty (1127–1279). He was active from about 1190-1230 and is considered one of the Four Masters of the Southern Song dynasty, which also included Li Tang, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui. He studied and worked at the Imperial Academy of Painting in Hangzhou, capital of the Southern Song dynasty. Liu entered the Southern Song Imperial Academy of Painting as a student in 1189, and went on to become a painter-in-attendance from 1190-1194. During the reign of Emperor
Liu Songnian
Lin'an
Title: Song dynasty. Content: and established its capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional "birthplace of Chinese civilization" along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took
Charleston
Columbia
Lin'an (present day Hangzhou)
Hangzhou
Lin'an (present day Hangzhou)
Hangzhou