who fought in the sri lankan civil war
the Sri Lankan military
Sri Lankan Civil War The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka. Beginning on 23 July 1983, there was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers), which fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island. After a 26-year military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009, bringing the civil war to an end. For over 25 years, the war caused significant hardships
Sri Lankan Civil War
Sri Lankan Civil War The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka. Beginning on 23 July 1983, there was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers), which fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island. After a 26-year military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009, bringing the civil war to an end. For over 25 years, the war caused significant hardships
Sri Lankan Civil War
Battle of Aanandapuram The Battle of Aanandapuram was a land battle fought between the Sri Lankan Military, 58 Division, 53 Division and Task Force 8 and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for the control of the last stronghold held by the LTTE. This battle is a part of the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. The battle was fought in the Aanandapuram area of Puthukkudiyirippu AGA Sri Lanka. Since the start of the northern offensive in 2008 the Sri Lankan Army had been steadily progressing on multiple fronts. As the LTTE had
Battle of Aanandapuram
fought against the Sri Lankan state to create an independent state of Tamil Eelam in the north and east of Sri Lanka. By 2007 the civil war had cost an estimated 70,000 lives. The final months of the civil war in late 2008/early 2009 witnessed particularly brutal fighting between the Sri Lankan military and the LTTE. Around 300,000 civilians were trapped between the two sides. The civil war ended on 18 May 2009 with the killing of Velupillai Prabhakaran, leader of the LTTE. A United Nations report found that as many as 40,000 civilians may have been killed in the
Mullivaikkal Remembrance Day
Ananthapuram, Sri Lanka Ananthapuram () is a village in north-eastern Sri Lanka. It is located approximately north east of the town of Puthukkudiyiruppu and is by the A35 Paranthan-Mullaitivu highway. The village is one of nine in the Ananthapuram GN Division (Village Officer Division). Eastern Mullaitivu District including Ananthapuram witnessed particularly brutal fighting between the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in the final months of the Sri Lankan Civil War in early 2009. The Battle of Aanandapuram, one of the last major battles in civil war was fought at Ananthapuram. A United Nations report
Ananthapuram, Sri Lanka
Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War The Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War was the deployment of the Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka intended to perform a peacekeeping role. The deployment followed the Indo-Sri Lankan Accord between India and Sri Lanka of 1987 which was intended to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between militant Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists, principally the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), and the Sri Lankan military. The original intention was the Indian Peace Keeping Force would not be involved in large scale military operations. However, after a few
Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War
Battle of Vidattaltivu The Battle of Vidattaltivu was a military conflict over the town of Vidattaltivu, Sri Lanka fought by the 58 Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The battle took place on July 16, 2008, part of the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. The 58 Division victory in the battle marked the first time the Army had been in control of the town in 21 years. According to the Sri Lankan Ministry of Defence, the town had been the primary base used by the
Battle of Vidattaltivu
Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu The Battle Of Puthukkudiyirippu was a land battle fought between the Sri Lankan Military, 58 Division, 53 Division and Task Force 8 and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for the control of the last stronghold held by the LTTE. This battle is a part of the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. The Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu was an armed confrontation over control over the AGA division of Puthukkudiyirippu in Sri Lanka between the 55, 58th and 53rd Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil
Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu
The Sri Lankan Army indicates this suicide bomber was sent by the LTTE. Witnesses describe the boy behaving as though he had been "drugged or severely harassed before the mission." Battle of Chalai The Battle of Chalai was an armed confrontation over control of Chalai, Sri Lanka between the 55 Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) during the Sri Lankan civil war, fought in February 2009. Chalai was the final Sea Tiger base held by the LTTE during the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV. Fighting lasted for five days, following which
Battle of Chalai
Lanka were involved in an armed conflict with the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a militant organisation which fought to create an independent Tamil in the north and eastern provinces of the island. Beginning from 1983, the war has lasted nearly three decades and was one of the longest-running civil wars in Asia. After a 26-year long military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009, bringing the civil war to an end. There are widespread allegations that the Sri Lankan military and the LTTE committed numerous atrocities and human rights violations, including war crimes,
Terrorism in Sri Lanka
Battle of Kilinochchi 2008–09 The Battle of Kilinochchi was a land battle fought between the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for the control of the town of Kilinochchi in the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war between November 2008 and January 2009. The town of Kilinochchi was the administrative center and de facto capital of the LTTE's proposed state of Tamil Eelam. The Sri Lankan Army (SLA) conducted an offensive through the months of November and December 2008 during which three attempts were made to capture the town
Battle of Kilinochchi 2008–09
and destroyed the historical documents of the Jesuit missions of the library of the Archdiocese of Córdoba." Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War There are allegations that war crimes were committed by the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers) during the Sri Lankan Civil War, particularly during the final months of the Eelam War IV phase in 2009. The alleged war crimes include attacks on civilians and civilian buildings by both sides; executions of combatants and prisoners by both sides; enforced disappearances by the Sri Lankan
Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War
Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War There are allegations that war crimes were committed by the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers) during the Sri Lankan Civil War, particularly during the final months of the Eelam War IV phase in 2009. The alleged war crimes include attacks on civilians and civilian buildings by both sides; executions of combatants and prisoners by both sides; enforced disappearances by the Sri Lankan military and paramilitary groups backed by them; acute shortages of food, medicine, and clean water for civilians
Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War
Allegations of chemical weapons use in the Sri Lankan Civil War There are allegations that chemical weapons were used by the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) during the Sri Lankan Civil War. No strong evidence for indicating the consistent use of such weapons during the war have been found thus far. The LTTE has accused the Sri Lankan military of obtaining and using chemical weapons against its combatants and Tamil civilians. In 2001 the LTTE claimed that the government had obtained banned chemical weapons, and warned of "dangerous consequences" should they be deployed
Allegations of chemical weapons use in the Sri Lankan Civil War
Navaly church bombing The Navaly Church bombing was the bombing of the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in Navaly (or Navali) in the Jaffna peninsula by the Sri Lankan Air Force during the Sri Lankan Civil War. It is estimated that at least 125 civilians, who had taken refuge from the fighting inside the church, died as a result of this incident. The victims included men, women and children. This incident occurred during a phase of the Sri Lankan Civil War when the Sri Lankan military were on the offensive to retake the Jaffna peninsula. This operation was
Navaly church bombing
reason in September 1998. Battle of Paranthan The Battle of Paranthan was a military conflict over control of Paranthan, Sri Lanka between the 58 Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) as an engagement of the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. Fought from December 30, 2008 to January 1, 2009, the Army announced on the January 1 that it had claimed the land. The Army indicated that it had previously claimed the town in September 1996 during the campaign of Sathjaya I and Sathjaya II, but
Battle of Paranthan
LTTE for its water operations and had also served as their logistics hub, making the taking of the town by the Army a "fatal blow" to the LTTE. Battle of Vidattaltivu The Battle of Vidattaltivu was a military conflict over the town of Vidattaltivu, Sri Lanka fought by the 58 Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). The battle took place on July 16, 2008, part of the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. The 58 Division victory in the battle marked the first time the Army
Battle of Vidattaltivu
Battle of Paranthan The Battle of Paranthan was a military conflict over control of Paranthan, Sri Lanka between the 58 Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) as an engagement of the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. Fought from December 30, 2008 to January 1, 2009, the Army announced on the January 1 that it had claimed the land. The Army indicated that it had previously claimed the town in September 1996 during the campaign of Sathjaya I and Sathjaya II, but had withdrawn for tactical
Battle of Paranthan
Battle of Chalai The Battle of Chalai was an armed confrontation over control of Chalai, Sri Lanka between the 55 Division of the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) during the Sri Lankan civil war, fought in February 2009. Chalai was the final Sea Tiger base held by the LTTE during the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV. Fighting lasted for five days, following which the 55 Division took control of the area. During the engagement, one soldier was wounded when a bomb carried by a child between 13 and 16 years of age exploded.
Battle of Chalai
US Green Card . Following the end of the civil war many senior Sri Lankan military officers were appointed to diplomatic positions abroad. Major General Jagath Dias, who had been commander of 57 Division during the final stages of the civil war, was appointed deputy ambassador to Germany, Switzerland and the Vatican. In January 2011 the European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights, a German human rights group, sent a dossier detailing alleged war crimes committed by the 57 Division to the German Federal Foreign Office The ECCHR followed the military offensives as described by the Sri Lankan military, examined
Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War
have ended this terrorism" in Sri Lanka. Following the end of the war in May 2009, amid mounting international pressure for an inquiry into the final stages of the war, President Rajapaksa appointed the Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission (LLRC) to look back at the Sri Lankan Civil War, and to provide recommendations for an era of healing and peace building. The commission concluded that the Sri Lankan military didn't deliberately target civilians in the No Fire Zones. The commission acknowledged that hospitals had been shelled, resulting in "considerable civilian casualties", but it did not say who was responsible for
Sri Lankan Civil War
wanted in India for the assassination of Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. Battle of Mullaitivu (2009) The Battle of Mullaitivu was a land battle fought between the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for the control of the town of Mullaitivu in the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. The town of Mullaitivu was the last stronghold of the LTTE. The government declared on 25 January 2009 that its troops had entered the town and were consolidating their positions. The Sri Lanka Air Force had been attacking LTTE positions in
Battle of Mullaitivu (2009)
Battle of Mullaitivu (2009) The Battle of Mullaitivu was a land battle fought between the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for the control of the town of Mullaitivu in the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. The town of Mullaitivu was the last stronghold of the LTTE. The government declared on 25 January 2009 that its troops had entered the town and were consolidating their positions. The Sri Lanka Air Force had been attacking LTTE positions in and around Mullaitivu for several days before the government troops claimed
Battle of Mullaitivu (2009)
encircling an entire division of LTTE in an area of 2 square kilometers. LTTE lost all their best fighters they ever had in one single battle. Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu The Battle Of Puthukkudiyirippu was a land battle fought between the Sri Lankan Military, 58 Division, 53 Division and Task Force 8 and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for the control of the last stronghold held by the LTTE. This battle is a part of the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war. The Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu was an armed confrontation over control over
Battle of Puthukkudiyirippu
Lankan security forces but also the Indian Peace Keeping Force. They also fought among each other, as well, with equal if not greater brutality. The main group: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), a rebel group, decimated most of the others. They represented intergenerational tensions as well as caste and ideological differences. Except the LTTE, many of the remaining organizations have morphed into minor political parties within the Tamil National Alliance or as standalone political parties. Some also function as paramilitary groups within the Sri Lankan military. There is a sizable population of Tamils in the Central Province, plantation laborers
Origins of the Sri Lankan civil war
afterward on 9 January, the SLA captured the strategically important Elephant Pass area, which links the Jaffna Peninsula with the mainland. The SLA is continued its offensive with the objective of capturing Mullaitivu, the only remaining major stronghold of the LTTE. Mullaitivu was also captured on 25 January. Battle of Kilinochchi 2008–09 The Battle of Kilinochchi was a land battle fought between the Sri Lankan Military and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) for the control of the town of Kilinochchi in the Northern Theater of Eelam War IV during the Sri Lankan civil war between November 2008 and
Battle of Kilinochchi 2008–09
deaths of more than 100,000 people and the forced disappearance of thousands of others. The civil war ended in 2009 but there are continuing allegations of atrocities being committed by the Sri Lankan Military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam during its final months. A United Nations panel found that as many as 40,000 civilians may have been killed in the final months of the civil war. The end of the civil war has not improved conditions in Sri Lanka, with press freedom not being restored and the judiciary coming under political control. One-third of Sri Lankan Tamils
Sri Lankan Tamils
Jagath Jayasuriya or any other military chief or any war hero in this country," in reference to the lawsuit. He is married to Manjulika Aruna (who served as President of the SLA Seva Vanitha welfare unit), and has two children, Sanjaya and Deshanee. Jagath Jayasuriya Jagath Jayasuriya, VSV, USP, ndc, psc is a retired Sri Lanka Army general, and a former Chief of Defence Staff of the Sri Lankan military and Commander of the Sri Lankan Army. During the closing stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War, he served as the Commander Security Forces Headquarters - Wanni with overall command
Jagath Jayasuriya
open in June 2015. The names of 33 who died in the operations in the Northern Province during 1987–1990 have been inscribed on a wall at the memorial site. Indian Peace Keeping Force Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was the Indian military contingent performing a peacekeeping operation in Sri Lanka between 1987 and 1990. It was formed under the mandate of the 1987 Indo-Sri Lankan Accord that aimed to end the Sri Lankan Civil War between militant Sri Lankan Tamil nationalists such as the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan military. The main task of the
Indian Peace Keeping Force
final months of the Sri Lankan civil war in 2009 and after its end in May 2009 evidence in the form of video, photographs etc. started emerging showing what appeared to gross violations of international and humanitarian law by both the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). British broadcaster Channel 4 was one of a number of foreign media organisations who publicised this evidence. In August 2009 Channel 4 News broadcast video showing naked and blindfolded victims being executed by Sri Lankan soldiers. The Sri Lankan government denounced the video as fake but forensic
Sri Lanka's Killing Fields
banned all foreigners from visiting the former war zone altogether. Allegations of war crimes have been made against the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers) and the Sri Lankan military with much attention given to the final months of the Civil War in 2009. The alleged war crimes include attacks on civilians and civilian buildings by both sides; executions of combatants and prisoners by both sides; enforced disappearances by the Sri Lankan military and paramilitary groups backed by them; acute shortages of food, medicine, and clean water for civilians trapped in the war zone; and child recruitment and
Sri Lankan Civil War
The Cage (Weiss book) The Cage: The fight for Sri Lanka & the Last Days of the Tamil Tigers is a book about the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War written by journalist and former United Nations official Gordon Weiss. Weiss was the UN's spokesman in Sri Lanka during the final months of the civil war. Since leaving the UN Weiss has been a vocal critic of the conduct of both the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Weiss believes that war crimes were committed during the final stages of the civil war
The Cage (Weiss book)
Taylor's theory states that, if the magnetic helicity and the toroidal flux are conserved, a plasma, with formula_6, spontaneously relaxes to a minimum energy force-free state described by the equation formula_7 where formula_8 is uniform and formula_9. For cylindrical geometry, Bessel functions provide the solution of eq. (1) and for formula_10 the toroidal field reverses at the wall. Experimentally, RFP plasmas have finite beta and the current density tends to vanish at the wall, i.e. formula_8 is not uniform so that the experimental profile departs from the theoretical one. The obtained configurations is a result of the dynamical balance of
Reversed-Field eXperiment
some concerts and at some studio sessions and recordings while DeBoer is in Australia. Guitarist Peter Holmström fronts the neo-psychedelia musical project Pete International Airport, which was named after the Dandy Warhols' song of the same name, and has featured members from bands such as The Lovetones, The Brian Jonestown Massacre, and The Upsidedown. Pete International Airport has released two full-length albums. Holmström has also played in the band Rebel Drones with Matt Hollywood of BJM, and has also appeared as a guest musician on The Dead Stars on Hollywood's EP "Anthems for the Friendly-Fire Generation". Keyboardist Zia McCabe founded
The Dandy Warhols
those of Siméon Poisson. Other significant contributions include being the first to prove the Fermat polygonal number theorem. Cauchy is most famous for his single-handed development of complex function theory. The first pivotal theorem proved by Cauchy, now known as "Cauchy's integral theorem", was the following: where "f"("z") is a complex-valued function holomorphic on and within the non-self-intersecting closed curve "C" (contour) lying in the complex plane. The "contour integral" is taken along the contour "C". The rudiments of this theorem can already be found in a paper that the 24-year-old Cauchy presented to the Académie des Sciences (then still
Augustin-Louis Cauchy
shortly before the end of the war had divided the network in two, the use of steel trams of types F and H as anti-tank devices, as it had happened in Berlin and other cities, but could be prevented by the tram personnel. Already on 24 May 1945 reversed two tram lines between Nied and Bornheim. After the clearing of the city center and the restoration of tracks and overhead line was already in 1946 on most routes a modest tram traffic to be carried out, which, however, was still affected by the blown Main bridges and a chronic vehicle
Trams in Frankfurt am Main
the game of golf. All candidates must be at least 40 years of age and must receive at least 75% of the committee's votes. Wisconsin Golf Hall of Fame The Wisconsin State Golf Association (WSGA) established a Wisconsin Golf Hall of Fame in 1964 to honor distinguished amateurs for their significant contributions to the game of golf in Wisconsin. The five charter members of this elite group, all "legends" who made their "mark" in Wisconsin amateur golf circles, were E.P. "Ned" Allis, Dick Cavanagh, Lynford Lardner, Billy Sixty, Sr., and Wilford Wehrle. In 1975, the WSGA Hall of Fame Committee
Wisconsin Golf Hall of Fame
by India, Malaysia, the European Union, Canada, and the USA. The civil war came to an end in 2009 with the military defeat of LTTE and the death of its leader, Prabhakaran. The Sri Lankan civil war led to death of over 100,000 people according to the United Nations. The Sri Lankan Government are alleged to have committed war crimes against the civilian Sri Lankan Tamil people during the final months of the Eelam War IV phase in 2009. A PPT verdict declared it as a genocide committed against ethnic Tamils by the Sri Lanka, government. Following the conclusion of
Tamil nationalism
broadcast mobile phone video of gunmen alleged to be Sri Lankan soldiers apparently summarily executing eight bound and blindfolded Tamil men at point-blank range in January 2009. The video was alleged to have been taken by a Sri Lankan government soldier and to have been circulating amongst soldiers before "Journalists for Democracy in Sri Lanka", a group of exiled Sri Lankan journalists, obtained it. The Sri Lankan government rejected the video footage, calling it a fabrication. It established a four-member panel of Sri Lankan experts (Siri Hewawitharana, Chatura Ranjan de Silva, Brigadier Prasad Samarasinghe and Major P. A. Bandara) to
Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War
Battle of Kanakarayankulam (1997) The Battle of Kanakarayankulam was fought on 4 December 1997, during the Sri Lankan civil war between the Sri Lanka Armed Forces and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). It is known as the "worst-ever commando debacle" in Sri Lankan military history. This battle was a part of operation Jayasikurui a Sri Lankan military offensive during the Eelam war III. It commenced on 13 May 1997 in order to open a land route to the government-held Jaffna peninsula through Vanni territory held by the LTTE, by linking the government-held towns of Vavuniya and Kilinochchi. Despite
Battle of Kanakarayankulam (1997)
escalated into repeated skirmishes between the IPKF and LTTE. The IPKF began withdrawing from Sri Lanka in 1989, following the election of the V. P. Singh government in India and on the request of the newly elected Sri Lankan President Ranasinghe Premadasa. The last IPKF contingents left Sri Lanka in March 1990. Sri Lanka, from the early 1980s, was facing increasingly violent ethnic strife in the Sri Lankan Civil War. The origins of the Sri Lankan Civil War can be traced to the independence of Sri Lanka in 1948, after the end of British rule. At the time, a Sinhalese
Indian Peace Keeping Force
coastal trade. The Moors had their own court of justice for settling their disputes. Upon the arrival of the Portuguese colonizers in the 16th century, larger population of Moors were expelled from cities such as the capital city Colombo, which had been a Moor-dominated city at that time. The Moors were thus migrating towards east and were settled there through the invitation of the Kingdom of Kandy. Robert Knox, a British sea captain of the 17th century, noted that the Kings of Kandy Kingdom built mosques for the Moors. The Sri Lankan Civil War was a 26-year conflict fought on
Sri Lankan Moors
the Sri Lankan military
Title: Sri Lankan Civil War. Content: Sri Lankan Civil War The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka. Beginning on 23 July 1983, there was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (the LTTE, also known as the Tamil Tigers), which fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island. After a 26-year military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009, bringing the civil war to an end. For over 25 years, the war caused significant hardships
Tamil Tigers (LTTE) vs Sri Lankan government.
Tamil Tigers (LTTE) vs Sri Lankan government.
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan military
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) and the Sri Lankan military
Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam