Know the difference between exoskeleton and endoskeleton
Exoskeleton - external skeleton
Endoskeleton - internal skeleton
Know the characteristics of chordates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
Chordates - notochord during some point in development Fish - cold-blooded; breathe through gills; live in water
Amphibians - lives part of its life in water and part on land Reptiles - cold-blooded; leathery skin; live on land; most have 2 pairs of legs Birds - warm-blooded; feathers; 2 wings; 2 legs; lightweight bones; beak without teeth; bard-shelled eggs
Mammals - warm-blooded; hair; 4 chambered heart; specialized teeth; highly developed brain; females feed young through mammary glands
Know the difference between innate, learned and social behaviors
Innate behaviors - behaviors an animal is born with Learned behaviors - behavior an animal practices and learns Social behaviors - interaction and reaction to other animals
Know how animal embryos develop
Develops inside the mother; nutrition is received through the umbilical
Know the difference between endotherm and ectotherm
Endotherm - vertebrate whose body temperature remains about the same; warm-blooded Ectotherm - animal whose body temperature changes with the environment; cold-blooded
Know how structure of an organ effects its function
Ex. Stomach is shaped the way it is to allow food to be churned and mixed; small intestine - villi folded to provide more surface area so more nutrients can be absorbed faster.
Be able to give examples of how the body might maintain homeostasis
Ex. Sweating to help cool the body when you get too hot.
Know the main function of the skeletal system
Provide shape and support; protects organs; produces blood cells and
fat; stores certain materials and enables you to move.
Are bones living or nonliving? Why?
Living because they are made of cells, grow and produce new cells.
Identify and give an example of the different types of joints.
Immovable - skull; movable; and cartilage - end of bone 4 types of movable joints: Ball and Socket - shoulder and hips Hinge - elbow and knees; Pivot - neck; Gliding - wrist
Know and identify the 3 types of muscles
Skeleton - voluntary, striated, react/tire quickly - biceps Smooth - involuntary; Not striated, react/tire slowly - stomach Cardiac - involuntary; striated; DOES NOT TIRE - heart
Be able to explain how muscles work and why they MUST work in pairs
Muscles can only contract (Shorten and thicken). The DO NOT extend. As one muscle contracts, the other returns to its original shape.
Why does it hurt to pull your hair, but not when you cut it?
Hair is non-living but attached by a root. The root has nerves so when it is pulled you can feel it and it hurts. When you cut your hair, you are only cutting the dead portion - no nerves.
What is the function of melanin in the skin?
Melanin provides skin color. More melanin - darker skin
What is the name of the process which involves muscle contractions to move food through the digestive system?
Know where food does and does not travel in the digestive system
Does NOT travel to: liver, gallbladder, pancreas and appendix DOES travel to: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus
Why carbohydrates and fats are important in your diet
Both supply energy; fats store energy to be used when energy from
carbohydrates are not available
Why are vitamins important and some disease that may occur due to deficiencies in vitamins A, B, D, E and K?
Growth, skin, eyes, bones and teeth
Growth, skin, eyes, nerves, muscles, fetal development
Beriberi, skin disorders, birth defects, pellagra
bones, teeth, calcium use
liver, blood clotting
Poor blood clotting
How does blood flow through the body?
Oxygenated blood is pumped from the left ventricle to the body through arteries; oxygen/waste is transferred in capillaries and deoxygenated blood moves through veins to the right atrium, then to the right ventricle which pumps it to the lungs where oxygen is returned in the capillaries of the alveoli, moves to the left atrium then the left ventricle and the process begins again.
What is the difference between veins and arteries?
Veins carry blood to the heart; arteries carry blood away
Be able to label a diagram of the heart and know what kind of blood is in each part of the heart.
Blue - deoxygenated (No Oxygen); Red- Oxygenated (has Oxygen)
Which blood types can donate to each other?
A can donate to A, AB; B can donate to B, AB; AB can only donate to AB; and O can donate to everyone.
Which organ is shared between the respiratory and circulatory systems?
Lungs (alveoli - capillaries)