Recent advances in technology have permitted the construction of large dams, reservoirs and channels. This progress has necessitated the development of new design and construction techniques, particularly with the provision of adequate flood release facilities. Chutes and spillways are designed to spill large water discharges over a hydraulic structure (e.g. dam, weir) without major damage to the structure itself and to its environment. At the hydraulic structure, the flood waters rush as an open channel flow or free-falling jet, and it is essential to dissipate a very signifi cant part of the flow kinetic energy to avoid damage to the hydraulic structure and its surroundings. Energy dissipation may be realised by a wide range of design techniques. A number of modern developments have demonstrated that such energy dissipation may be achieved (a) along the chute, (b) in a downstream energy dissipator, or (c) a combination of both.
The magnitude of turbulent energy that must be dissipated in hydraulic structures is enormous even in small rural and urban structures. For a small storm waterway discharging at a 4 m3/s mm high drop, the turbulent kinetic energy flux per unit time is 120 kW! At a large dam, the rate of energy dissipation can exceed tens to hundreds of gigawatts; that is, many times the energy production rate of nuclear power plants. Many engineers have never been exposed to the complexity of energy dissipator designs, to the physical processes taking place and to the structural challenges. Several energy dissipators, spillways and storm waterways failed because of poor engineering design. It is believed that a major issue affecting these failures was the lack of understanding of the basic turbulent dissipation processes and of the interactions between free-surface aeration and flow turbulence.
In that context, an authoritative reference book on energy dissipation in hydraulic structures is proposed here. The book contents encompass a range of design techniques including block ramps, stepped spillways, hydraulic jump stilling basins, ski jumps and impact dissipators.
"Many open channel and pipe flows are highly energetic – notable examples include flood overflows down the spillways of large dams. The IAHR monograph, Energy Dissipation in Hydraulic Structures, edited by Hubert Chanson, provides a contemporary account of modern developments in assessing and designing hydraulic structures aimed at lowering the energy levels of high-energy free surface flows. The book considers energy dissipation by a wide range of hydraulic structures including chutes, spillways and stilling basins. It is written by some of the leading experts in the field and is crammed full of useful information. […]
In the reviewer’s opinion, Energy Dissipation in Hydraulic Structures, edited by Hubert Chanson, is recommended reading for hydraulic engineers engaged in the design and maintenance of energy-dissipation devices. With some further polishing, this book could become the gold standard in the subject. This reviewer is left viewing hydraulic structures in a new, more awe-inspired light."
Book review by Alistair G.L. Borthwick in 'Engineering and Computational Mechanics' Vol. 170 (March 2017).
1. Introduction: Energy dissipators in hydraulic structures
2. Energy dissipation at block ramps
S. Pagliara and M. Palermo
3. Stepped spillways and cascades
H. Chanson, D.B. Bung and J. Matos
4. Hydraulic jumps and stilling basins
H. Chanson and R. Carvalho
5. Ski jumps, jets and plunge pools
M. Pfister and A.J. Schleiss
6. Impact dissipators
B.P. Tullis and R.D. Bradshaw
7. Energy dissipation: Concluding remarks
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Aims & Scope
An important function of any large international organisation representing the research, educational and practical components of its wide and varied membership is to disseminate the best elements of its discipline through learned works, specialised research publications and timely reviews. IAHR is particularly well-served in this regard by its flagship journals and the extensive and wide body of substantive historical and reflective books that have been published through its auspices over the years. The IAHR Book Series is an initiative of IAHR, in partnership with CRC Press/Balkema-Taylor & Francis Group, aimed at presenting the state-of-the-art in themes relating to all areas of hydro-environment engineering and research.
The Book Series will assist researchers and professionals working in research and practice by bridging the knowledge gap and by improving knowledge transfer among groups involved in research, education and development. This Book Series includes Design Manuals and Monographs. The Design Manuals contain practical works, theory applied to practice based on multi-authors' work; the Monographs cover reference works, theoretical and state of the art works.
Peter A. Davies, Series Editor