1.oliguria is defined as urine output less than 
a- 400ml/24hours 
b-1000ml/24hours 
c-1500ml/24hours 
d-100ml/24hours 
E-50ml/24hours  
2.uraemic patient has the next respiration type 
a-apnea with coarse crackles 
b- platypnea 
c- kussmaul respiration 
d- cheyne stokes respiration 
e- biot respiration 
3. The following is a cause of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 
a- Persistent vomiting 
b- Salicylate poisoning 
c- Uraemia 
d- Diabetic ketoacidosis 
e- Severe Diarrhea 
4. as regard Fractional excretion of Na the following is true: 
A- It is more than 1 in acute tubular necrosis 
B- It is more than 1 in pre- renal acute kidney injury 
C-It is less than 1 in acute tubular necrosis
D. It is one of tests uses to assess chronic kidney disease 
E-Has no value in acute kidney injury 
5. as regard Stage I Chronic kidney disease the following is true: 
A-The patient never presented by microalbuminuria 
B-Usually the patient presented by complications 
C-GFR <90 ML/minute 
D-GFR <60 ML/minute 
E-Patient has normal GFR (glomerular filtration rate) 
6. in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis the following is not true 
A. type 1 is characterized by few depsits (pauci immune) 
B. is characterized by crescents in histopathology 
C. cyclophosphamide plasma exchange are essential in management 
D. can be caused by drugs 
E. systemic lupus is one of its causes 
7. the following is not true regard renal tubular acidosis (RTA) 
A Chronic pyelonephritis causes Type II renal tubular acidosis 
B-Type IV RTA common in diabetics 
C-fanconi syndrome usually presented by type II RTA 
D- is a cause of hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis 
E-Can be seen in sarcoidosis 
8. Long history of heart failure which has lead to CKD is: 
A-Type I cardio-renal syndrome 
B- Type III cardio-renal syndrome 
C-Type V cardio renal syndrome 
D-Type IV cardio-renal syndrome 
E-Type II cardio-renal syndrome 
9. The following is correct about hyponatraemia: 
A-Hypothyroidism is a cause of hypovolemic type 
B-Pontine myelinolysis may be came by rapid correction 
C-Never prevented by disturbed conscious level
D-Uraemia is a cuse of pseudohyponatremia 
E-Never seen in heart failure 
10-1gA nephropathy in children most commonly presents with: 
A. Rash 
B. Diarrhea 
C. Syn -pharyngitic hematuria 
D. Headache 
E. Flank pain 
11. Fanconi syndrome in children should be suspected in: 
A. Hyperuricemia 
B. Hyperphosphatemia 
C. Hypophosphatemia 
D. Hyperkalemia 
E. Alkalosis 
12.The best marker for susceptibility to thromboembolism in a 
child with nephrotic syndrome is: 
A. Serum creatinine 
B. Degree of hypertension 
C. Degree of proteinuria 
D. Serum albumin 
E. Leg swelling 
13-The following feature is present in alport syndrome: 
A-Hearing loss 
B-Short stature 
C-Diabetes mellitus 
D-Neurofibromatosis 
E-Mental retardation 
14-Nephritic syndrome is characterized by: 
A. Leg edema, mostly in the end of the day 
B. Facial edema in the morning 
C. Ascites 
D. Edema isn't found 
E- Generalized anasarca
15- which of the following drugs causes hypokalemia: 
A-Spironolactone 
B-B-blockers 
C-Amikacin 
D-Long use of steroids 
E-Cyclosporine 
16-The following CBC finding is characteristic for steroid therapy: 
A- Leucopenia 
B- Neutropenia 
C. Eosinopenia 
D- Eosinophillia 
E- Thrombcytopenia 
17- The following drug is used in steroid resistant minimal change  
disease: 
A-Cyclosporine 
B-Methotrexate 
C-MMF 
D-Cyclophosphamide 
E-Azathioprin 
18-The most accurate imaging study to characterize a renal mass  
is: 
a) intravenous pyelography. 
b) computed tomography (CT). 
c) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 
d) renal arteriography. 
e) ultrasonography
1-a\n2-c\n3-e\n4-a\n5-c\n6-d\n7-a\n8-e\n9-b\n10-c\n11-c\n12-d\n13-a\n14-e\n15-d\n16-c\n17-a\n18-b