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The Sun's mass accounts for 99.86% of the total mass of our solar system and is approximately 330,000 times heavier than Earth. Its immense mass creates a strong gravitational field that influences the motions of all objects in the solar system.\n\nThe surface of the Sun, called the photosphere, has a temperature of around 5,500℃ (9,932℉), while its core's temperature reaches up to 15 million degrees Celsius (27 million degrees Fahrenheit). Due to this high temperature, the Sun emits a wide range of electromagnetic radiation, from visible light to ultraviolet and X-rays.\n\nSolar activity, such as sunspots, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs), can have considerable effects on Earth. These phenomena are driven by the Sun's magnetic field and can lead to auroras, geomagnetic storms, and disruptions to satellite communications, power grids, and other technological systems on Earth.\n\nThe study of the Sun and its effects on Earth and the solar system is known as solar physics or heliophysics. It is an important field of research for understanding the Sun's impact on our planet, including its role in climate change and space weather. By studying the Sun, scientists also hope to gain insights into the processes and evolution of other stars in the universe.