Two forms occur, the
yellow-shafted and the red-shafted. The two forms have similar bodies but
different color patterns on the head. The red-shafted is generally found
in the western half of the U.S., while the yellow-shafted is generally found in
the eastern half. There is a broad zone, including South Dakota, where
interbreeding between the two forms create a wide variety of
intermediates. Unlike many other woodpeckers, Northern Flickers can often
be found on the ground as they feed on their favorite food, ants.
Habitat: Can be found in almost
any habitat with trees, but tends to avoid dense unbroken forest.
Diet: Mostly insects, especially
ants. Also eats fruits and berries, especially in the winter, and
occasionally seeds and nuts.
Behavior: Does much of its foraging on the ground,
often in pursuit of its favorite prey, ants. Will also forage in
foliage and on branches, and will occasionally fly out to capture insects in
Nesting: Late May through mid-July
Migration: Flickers in northern part of their range (Canada, northern U.S.) do migrate, but
some overwinter in the state.
Similar Species: Generally distinctive
Bird Feeders: Will attend feeders for suet, nuts, and
Birdhouses: Will use appropriately sized nest
Conservation Status: Indications are that Northern Flickers
have declined in recent decades, likely in response to competition for
nesting cavities with European Starlings.
Cornell University's "All About Birds - Northern Flicker"
Photo Information: November 2004 - Brandon, South
Dakota - Terry Sohl
Additional Photos: Click on the image chips or
text links below for additional, higher-resolution Northern Flicker photos.