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of our navigation interests, as is now fully shown
by the great progress which foreign shipping Is
making upon the shipping OF the United States.
1t IS most true that under existing acts the
shipping OF some OF the small Northern States
OF Europe are thrustng themselves into
branches of our trade TO which hev have
no natural right, and would be encroachng
upon our coasting trade were they not prevented
by the absolute prohibition OF law. | will only
say to illustrate the matter, that between the great
markets OF the United States and the Empire Of
Brazil, where our commercial intercourse was
most extensive, the nations OF the North Of Eu-
rope, Hamburg, Bremen &c. under Reciprocity
Treaties, as they are called, though there IL any
thing but reciprocity in them, carry on the trade
to the exclusion OF our own vessels. In this way,
under. treaty stipulations, our trade Is drawn
from US and we submit-and | have found 1t
quite impossible 10 raise the country up TO a
sense Of this great injury. | SAID at ba!t-
more that the time was coming, and perhaps
now is, when with regard to the great matter OF
commercial stipulations some advisable arrange
ment might be made between us and some OF the
great states Of Europe. l think 50 now. | DO
not retract at all am confident OF its truth,
and unless mistake :ecent events give It addl-
tonal evidence.


What said was this: England excludes most
of our agricultural productions-her Corn Laws
exclude them vet sire is anxious to extend the IN
tercoursc between herself and Us. The great power
OF steam has cxtinguished distance England
lies close TO New.Y ok Twelve or thirteen days
only make the COMMUNICATION. And II is OF no
consequence whethefby some sudden revolution
Of nature or by somc.decreeo Providence the dis
tance between different countries becomes less, or
whether by the ingenuity OF man the means OF
Transmission and intercourse ate incrcased-be-
cause VIC measure things by time. England IS
not more than half as distant from US, for every
purpose OF International intercourse, as she was
thirty years ago. Wen then: the countries are
lying side by side. How shall we deal with her
and with the other great Commercial States OF
Europe Are we to proceed on the principle OF
reprisals-of hostile or rctaliatory Legislation =
That has been tried yvih regard to the tonnage
Of the United States. We made provisions IN favor
Of our tonnage in carrying on our commerce with
England. England .siade rctalatory provisions
to favor her tonnage, and so we came to carry one
way and she the other. So far as the direct trace
is concerned, we have no complaint to make. 1t
furnishes an example Of equality, and proves the
danger and folly ofretaliatory stlpulations. SAID
to my friends in Baltimore that | believed the
time was coming when some arrangement might
be made between England and US. took cspe-
cial care TO say that this must be effected by Con-
gress on this side, and by Parliament on the other
by conditional cnactmcnts. as the condition OF
the trade between the United States and the West
India Islands has been since 1882. Congress SAID
to England, if you will do so, we will do so I; II
YOU will pass such laws, we will pass such other
laws The negotiations were carried on IN Eng
land by Mr. McLanc under Gen. Jackson on this
side and Earl Grey on the other. 1t was accept
ed by Congress, who passed the necessary laws on
our part and England on hers


1t happened that we made bad bargain that
time but that is matter to be considered; |
only cite this as authority for treating upon this
subject by conditional legislation, and in what
said at Baltimore I intended faithfully TO declare
that did not desire that the arrangement should
be made by the treaty making powerthe President
and Senate, to the exclusion of the more popular
branch Of Congress but that it was to be done by
Congress and Congressional legislation and acts
of Parliament. And in the face Of that-I sup
pose Expressed myself obscurey, though that's a
fault cannot help,) in the face of that, there
were men whose sense OF Justice and whose love
Of truth did not restrain them from saying that
Mr.. WEBSTER was in favor of putting the whole
matter under the treaty y-lhaklng power to be set
tied, under John Tyler and his administration
(chcers) No. Gentlemen, no, no. | do not,
nor will not answer what an inflamed partvprcss
may say, unless find that they greatly misrepre-
sent matters seriously affecting my character and
usefulness public n,an-which have ceased
to be; yet | am willing, when suitable occasion
offers, to exhibit the truth it is, and to place
myself as wish TO be placed before the Judge
ment of my fellow citizens. (Chcers(


And now gentlemen, say that in the present
state of the world, living in peace, and having
now lived in peace for q longer period of time,
think, than has ever happened bcfore-for when
has there been time of :. longer duration of peace
among the powers Of Europe and living at a
time when the spirit OF peace prevails, We may
well call to mind the words Of the Poet who says
that War is game, which, If the people were
wise, kings would not play at


Thank God the people are wise: and unless


in clear question of natona! honor or national
interests the people will not have war, for the will


OF crowned heads must yield to the happiness o.
the people themselves. {Checrs.) Now, gentle
men, say that in this state of things, it is our
duty to look carefully, wisely. but in a spirit o
Cancellation towards all nations connected with
us-to compare notes. as we say, to see in
what our intercstsare identical, to give up nothing


nothing, NOTHING essential to the protection Of
our industry and the return for the labor and
work of our own hands. But let us consider wha;
NAV be done to bring about these results-either
by mutual legislation or by some more formal ar
rangement. believe in the practicability of this


it may not be in my time, but it is sure TO happen
it is sure to happen. The spirit of Christianity
the spirit ofour own example in Liberty and Inde
pendencc, is bringing it on. America acts back
upon Europe: and this reaction is tremendous
say tremendous is fearful: but only to those who
wish to uphold the old monarchies and dominion:
of Europe it is not tremendous but grateful, ac