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the revolution as it was in 1916, from the debt o


the last war MIR. Madison not only wrote vetc


of the first bank at the request of Gen. Washing


ton, and denounced the principle which it involved
in his report of '99, which was regarded as the


declaration of rights by the republican party ir


Mr. Jeferson's election and ever since, but he sub
lsequently, as President, vetoed bank bill. He
lsigned another, it is true, as had been done in


1871, when the public mind intimidated by the
embarrassed condition of the country and the gov


ernment impaired its panic alike to the wise and
the brave In both instances, as often happens,
a symptom of disease was mistaken for remedy.
There can be no mistake as to the general prin-
eiples which characterized the federal and republi-
can parties on their first formation, or as to the
signal results which, followed the memorable re-
tpubfican triumph of 1900. Notwithstanding the
severe tests to which our Institutions were so fire.
qnently exposed by our foreign and domestic re-
lations, by the aggressions of France and Eng
land on our maritime rights, by the embargo, the
war, the loss of our commerce and the accumnla-
ton of large public debt, notwithstanding the
violent death spasms with which the federal party
continued to struggle against the government dur.
ing these periods, three successive republican
Presidents were elected, and the country enjoyed
comparative political repose until near the term!na-
ton of Mr.. Monroes administration. The feder-
al party resisted all attempts at retaliation or de-
fence, and finally resisted the war with England.
They were overwhelmed by public Indignation,
and at the close Of Mr.. Monroe's administration
no such thing as federal party under that name
existed in the country. The principles of that
party remained, but they have ever since been
urged under some other name


Mr.. Adams jr. (who had been among the first
to abandon the Federal party, nomine, after the
the party of his father meditated dissolution OF
the Union, and who in later times has presented to
Congress petition for the dissolution of the same
URon,) General jackson, Mr. Crawford, Mr.. Cal
houR, and Mr.. Clay were candidates for The Pre-
sidency to succeed Mr. Monroe. The old Fed
eral party now assumed the name of National
Republicans and Mr.. Adams received their gen
eral support There was no election by the peo-
pie, and he was elected by the hocus pocus OF the
House of Representatives. Mr., Clay, through
whose agency Mr.. Adams had been elected in
the House. was installed as his Secretary Of State,
an Office which, after the example of Jefferson,
Madison and Monroe, was supposed to be IN the
" line of safe precedents!" Mr.. Clay, between
whom and MIR. Adams no very cordial relations
had hitherto existed, now became thoroughly
identified with the National Republican party
He and his friends sustained the reelection OF Mr.
Adams in 1928, while General jackson wasClcct-
ed hy those who had preferred him, to Mr.. Craw-
ford, Mr.. Calhoun in 1924. The republican
party assumed the name of Democratic Rsp1bli-
can party by way of contrast, suppose, to Ma
tional Republicans. Phe~ Democratic Republi-
can and National Republican parties were array
ed distinctly against each other in the contest Of
1923, between Jackson and Adams MIR. Adams
was defeated as the National Republican cand-
date. MIR. Clay became the candidltr of that par
ty in 1892 and was most sgnaly dictated by the
reelection of Gen. Jackson.


Soon after the reelection in 1882, of Gen. Jack
son, his proclamation was issued, containing doc
ttrines which were unsatisfactory to most of his
friends, as well those who disapproved as those
who approved the course of South Carolina with
regard to the tariff act-doctrines which ere ap-
plauded by the National Republicans, and after
wards explained by the authority of Gen. Jackson
himself In 1888 the deposites were removed
from the United States Bank, where they had
been placed by the act chartering the Bank in
1876. This was done by the Executive under
circumstances which induced large number of
those who had supported General Jackson in
1928 and in 1882 to condemn the act. was one
fof that number, and member of the Virginia
Legislature, offered resolution declaring that
no direct or implied sanction was intended faVora-
BILE to United States Bank by the condemnation
of the order removing the deposites. The Ma,
ttional Republicans condemned it also because 1t
was blow aimed al the Bank. They knew then
as they know now, that in their advocacy of the



ever between themselves and that portion OF the
Jackson party which united with them in con-
demning the powers claimed by the Executive In
the removal of the deposibes. Their object was
then, as it is now, to obtain National Bank
Ninetynne hundredths of the Jackson party who
condemned the removal of the deposites were then
opposed to the constitutionalty and expediency Of
a National Bank. There was, if possible, still
less concurrence between the Jackson men who
condemned the removal of the deposites and the
National Republicans in regard to the tariff
That portion of the Jackson party who condemn
led this Executive act were generally the most ul-
ira anti-tarif men.


Under these circumstances in 1884 the whlg
party was formed. It could not have been organ
lied then, nor could it have acted harmoniously
on any one Of the present political issues at any
moment from 1884 to 184I. If the bank or the
tariff or Mr. Clay's election had been urged as
party measure by the Wings, that portion of them
who had belonged to the Jackson party would
have co-operated with the democratic party, with
whom they agreed and with whom they had act
ed on these questions and against Mr.. Clay. The
name of national republican was dropped and that
of whig was assumed. to indicate not only the
points of agreement, but also the points of disa-
greement among the elements of the Wing party.
Tke removal of the dePosites was the first point
of agreement or cooperation. Il was followed
by the protest, which grew out of it. The ex-