{"character_count": 5958, "word_count": 1010, "ccnet_language_score": [0.9413999915122986], "ccnet_perplexity": [2176.199951171875], "fasttext_language": ["en"]}
the Ludwig Canal, and from thence sui across
the Black Sea to Trebizond. The rulers Of the
Austrian empire are not slumbering, as many
suppose, but are.deeply considering how its vast
natural resources may be best developed by the
application of steam power by land and by sea.
When the railroad communication shall have been
completed from Vienna to Trieste, the Mediterra-
mean, the Black sea, the Baltic. and the German
ocean will be completely knit together; and Gen.
trail and Northern Europe will have the choice of
three routes to the East-by the Rhine, the Dan
ube, and the Black sea by the Euphrates and
the Persian Gulf: and by the Rhine, the Danube,
the Adriatic, the Nile, and the Red sea. Great
Britain, France, Russia. and Germany are all
striving TO outstrip each other in this race. Eu-
rope seeks to avoid the heightened route round
the Cape of Good Hope by connecting the Med-


terranean with the Red sea and the Persian gulf.


We must seek to avoid the heightened route round
| Cape Horn by connecting the Caribbean sea with


the Pacific ocean. The French engineers who


planned tho canal across the lsthmus of Suez du-


ring Ronapart's expedition to Egypt, calculated


that It would save one-thrd the distance and
one fifth the time in navigation from the southern
ports OF France to the East Indies. The United
States would save at least 10000 miles of dis
lance and a proportional amount of time in their


navigation to the northwest coast of America and


10 China by substituting the route across the 18TH


mus which connects the two American continents
! for that round Cape Horn. The opening arwater
communication from one sea to the other, some-
where between the Gulf Of Mexico and the GuIf
of Darien, thus becomes of vital Importance to us.
Cur national interests, commercial, political, and
social are deeply involved in the question. The
! necessity Of competing with other rival nations
| for tho new trade now opening with tho Celestial
empire, from which the veil Of mystery has been
rudey torn of exerting our established COM
merce with the western coasts Of the two Ameri.
can continents and 'Polynesan archipelago; of
giving increased facilities to whale and
of establishing more direct communication with
our territories beyond the Rocky mountains and
our naval stations in the Pacific ocean all these
circumstances combine 10 augment the impor.
tance and urgency of this great question. A new
and increased interest has bsen given to the subject
by the measures adopted at the last Congress for
establishing diplomatic intercourse with China
and the Independent isles Of the Pacific; by the
vast schemes Of colonization already in a train
OF execution by Great Britain in Australasia and
New Zealand; and by the recent discussion in
the French Chambers upon those planned by
France. II is not meant that government
should seek exclusive advantages for itself or its
citizens. Such great artificial communications
between the continents Of both hemsphcres ought
to be free, like the natural passages of the straits
r.
wash the shores of different countries and for
this purpose these works ought 10 be considered
held in trust by the nation within whose terri
tory they may be constructed for the common use
Of all mankind. There is surely enough of the
spirit Of mutual concession, of respect for t,Ie
public law Of the civilized world. and Of political
wisdom among the maritime powers principally
interested, to devise regulations by which the
passage, once marked out and rendered practical
BILE by the construction of artificial works, may
be neulralised and enjoyed in common by all ma
tions, upon the payment of moderate and reason
able tolls, according to the principles laid down
by the Congress Of Vienna in respect to the navi-
CATION of the great European rivers.


The illus'rious philosopher to whom We are so
much indebted for our knowledge of the geogra-
ply of the American continents, in speaking more
than thrty-fve years ago on this subject, Of whcE
hs has never since lost sight, uses the following
emphatic expressions 3" hen a canal Of CON-
muncatIon shall unite the two oceans. the pro-
duc'ions of Noolka sound and of China will be
brought nearer TO Europe and the United States
by more than two thousand leagues. Then, and
then on y, will mighty changes be effected in the
political state of Oriental Asia; for this narrow
| tongue OF land, against which the waves of the


Atlantic have so long beat in vain, has been for
ages the bulwark of independence Of China and
Japan. .'f-Hunts Merchants Magazine.


Humboldt, Essa Politiquc sur Ia Nouvelle Espagne


tome /, p 242 Second edition. The first edition
| published in 1903.


| THE MOVEMENTS OF PARTlEs,-The friends of
MIR. Calhoun took courage from the expression of


Mr.. Van Buren's friend in the Park on Monday
afternoon, and at a quiet, private party, of some
active promoters of the cause of the great south.
ern statesman, at Washington Hall, they gave ven,
to their exuberant joyousness. They are now as
| busy as the mosquitoes have recently been, pre-
sentlng bills at sight for the establishment Of a
Calhoun paper.-rhe skirmishing is becoming
active, and indications of the general campaipH
are plainly observable. Unless, however, the cal.
hounites are fully determined TO run their cahdi.
date on his own hook, or dispute the organization
Of the National Convention, they are moving a,
too late period. The appointment of thrty.six
delegates from the State Of New York against
them is q formidable number and they NAV com.
plain of packed ward meetings and delegates cho-
sen by force fraud till they find themselves he.
| yond redemption. Without more skful tacti.
clans than they seem to have enlisted in the cause


or more determined action, the paper they design
to publish will only be the means of squandcrine
the sum they are collecting, and of affording liz.
tie coterio Of anateur writer's ar opportunity to