Ganden Tripa
# Ganden Tripa

Il Ganden Tripa (དགའ་ལྡན་ཁྲི་པ, dga’ ldan khri pa; lett. "Colui che sta sul trono (ཁྲི་པ) del [monastero] di dga ldan) è la guida della tradizione buddhista tibetana dge lugs, una tradizione di lignaggio ininterrotto, considerati successori del dotto e mistico Tsong kha pa (ཙོང་ཁ་པ, Tsongkhapa, 1357-1419), altrimenti conosciuto con il nome monastico di Blo bzang grags pa (བློ་བཟང་གྲགས་པ, Losang Drakpa), il bla ma che fondò il monastero di Ganden (Ri bo dga'ldan, རི་བོ་དགའ་ལྡན་, a 45 km a est di Lhasa) nel 1409 e con esso la stessa tradizione dge lugs.

L'originario impianto dottrinale di questa tradizione lo dobbiamo, oltre al già menzionato fondatore Tsong kha pa, ai due suoi più importanti seguaci e primi due dga 'ldan khri pas: Rgyal tshab Dar ma rin chen (རྒྱལ་ཚབ་དར་མ་རིན་ཆེན, Gyaltsap Darma Rinchen, 1364–1432) e Mkhas grub Dge legs dpal bzang (མཁས་གྲུབ་དགེ་ལེགས་དཔལ་བཟང, Kedrup Gelek Palsang, 1385–1438) i quali, unitamente al loro maestro, verranno appellati come rje yab sras gsum (རྗེ་ཡབ་སྲས་གསུམ, "il signore e i suoi due figli spirituali").

Allo stato attuale il successore di un dga’ ldan khri pa viene stabilito dal Dalai Lama, ogni sette anni, in base a un meccanismo pressoché automatico di meritocrazia, scegliendo da un gruppo di importanti ed eruditi bla ma.

Il metodo con cui avviene la selezione di questo lignaggio di grandi maestri non è quindi ereditario, né si basa sulla dottrina dello sprul sku, ma si fonda esclusivamente su un processo di studio e pratica estremamente vasti e profondi e attraverso l'esperienza di servire con competenza l'istituzione monastica, fino a occupare la posizione di abate di uno dei due collegi tantrici: rgyud stod (རྒྱུད་སྟོད) e rgyud smad (རྒྱུད་སྨད).

## Lista dei dga’ ldan khri pa

### 1–25

| | Nome | Anno di nascita-morte | Ganden Tripa | Traslitterazione Wylie | Ulteriori titoli |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 1. | Tsongkhapa, Lobsang Dragpa | 1357–1419 | 1409–1419 | tsong kha pa, blo bzang grags pa | Je Rinpoche (rje rin po che) |
| 2. | Dharma Rinchen | 1364–1432 | 1419–1431 | dar ma rin chen | Gyeltshab Je (rgyal tshab rje) |
| 3. | Khedrub Geleg Pelsang | 1385–1438 | 1431–1438 | mkhas grub rje dge legs dpal bzang | 1. Penchen Lama |
| 4. | Shalu Lochen Legpa Gyeltshen | 1375–1450 | 1438–1450 | zhwa lu lo chen legs pa rgyal mtshan | – |
| 5. | Lodrö Chökyong | 1389–1463 | 1450–1463 | blo gros chos skyong | – |
| 6. | Chökyi Gyeltshen | 1402–1473 | 1463–1473 | chos kyi rgyal mtshan | 1. Tatshag Rinpoche (rta tshag rin po che) |
| 7. | Lodrö Tenpa | 1402–1476 | 1473–1476(79) | blo gros brtan pa | – |
| 8. | Mönlam Legpe Lodrö | 1414–1491 | 1480–1489 | smon lam legs pa'i blo gros | – |
| 9. | Lobsang Nyima | 1439–1492 | 1490–1492 | blo bzang nyi ma | – |
| 10. | Yeshe Sangpo | 1415–1498 | 1492–1498 | ye shes bzang po | – |
| 11. | Lobsang Dragpa | 1422/1429–1511 | 1499–1511 | blo bzang grags pa | – |
| 12. | Jamyang Legpe Lodrö | 1450–1530 | 1511–1516 | jam dbyangs legs pa'i blo gros | – |
| 13. | Chökyi Shenyen (Dharmamitra) | 1453–1540 | 1516–1521 | chos kyi bshes gnyen | – |
| 14. | Rinchen Öser | 1453–1540 | 1522–1528 | rin chen 'od zer | – |
| 15. | Penchen Sönam Dragpa | 1478–1554 | 1529–1535 | pan chen bsod nams grags pa | (gzims khang gong ma) |
| 16. | Chökyong Gyatsho | 1473–1539 | 1534–1539 | chos skyong rgya mtsho | 4. Lab Kyabgön (lab skyabs mgon) |
| 17. | Dorje Sangpo | 1491–1554 | 1539–1546 | rdo rje bzang po | – |
| 18. | Gyeltshen Sangpo | 1497–1548 | 1546–1548 | rgyal mtshan bzang po | – |
| 19. | Ngawang Chödrag | 1501–1551/1552 | 1548–1552 | ngag dbang chos grags | – |
| 20. | Chödrag Sangpo | 1493–1559 | 1552–1559 | chos grags bzang po | – |
| 21. | Geleg Pelsang | 1505–1567 | 1559–1565 | dge legs dpal bzang | – |
| 22. | Gendün Tenpa Dargye | 1493–1568 | 1565–1568 | dge 'dun bstan pa dar rgyas | – |
| 23. | Tsheten Gyatsho | 1520–1576 | 1568–1575 | tshe brtan rgya mtsho | – |
| 24. | Champa Gyatsho | 1516–1590 | 1575–1582 | byams pa rgya mtsho | – |
| 25. | Peljor Gyatsho | 1526–1599 | 1582–? | dpal 'byor rgya mtsho | – |

### 26–50

| | Nome | Anno di nascita-morte | Ganden Tripa | Traslitterazione Wylie | Ulteriori titoli |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 26. | Damchö Pelbar | 1523/1546–1599 | 1589–1596 | dam chos dpal 'bar | – |
| 27. | Sanggye Rinchen | 1540–1612 | 1596–1603 | sangs rgyas rin chen | – |
| 28. | Gendün Gyeltshen | 1532–1605/1607 | 1603–? | dge 'dun rgyal mtshan | – |
| 29. | Shenyen Dragpa | 1545–1615 | 1607–1615 | bshes gnyen grags pa | – |
| 30. | Lodrö Gyatsho | 1546–1618 | 1615–1618 | blo gros rgya mtsho | 5. Lab Kyabgön |
| 31. | Damchö Pelsang | 1546–1620 | 1618–1620 | dam chos dpal bzang | – |
| 32. | Tshülthrim Chöphel | 1561–1623 | 1620–1623 | tshul khrims chos 'phel | – |
| 33. | Dragpa Gyatsho | 1555–1627 | 1623–1627 | grags pa rgya mtsho | – |
| 34. | Ngawang Chökyi Gyeltshen | 1571/1575–1625/1629 | 1623, 1627/1628(?) | ngag dbang chos kyi rgyal mtshan | – |
| 35. | Könchog Chöphel | 1573–1644 | 1626–1637 | dkon mchog chos 'phel | – |
| 36. | Tendzin Legshe | ?–1664 | 1638? | bstan 'dzin legs bshad | – |
| 37. | Gendün Rinchen Gyeltshen | 1571–1642 | 1638–1642 | dge 'dun rin chen rgyal mtshan | – |
| 38. | Tenpa Gyeltshen | ?–1647 | 1643–1647 | bstan pa rgyal mtshan | – |
| 39. | Könchog Chösang | ?–1672/1673 | 1644(?)/1648–1654 | dkon mchog chos bzang | – |
| 40. | Pelden Gyeltshen | 1601–1674 | 1651/1654/1655–1662 | dpal ldan rgyal mtshan | – |
| 41. | Lobsang Gyeltshen | 1599/1600–1672 | 1658/1662–1668 | blo bzang rgyal mtshan | – |
| 42. | Lobsang Dönyö | 1602–1678 | 1668–1675 | blo bzang don yod | Namdak Dorje |
| 43. | Champa Trashi | 1618–1684 | 1675–1681 | byams pa bkra shis | – |
| 44. | Ngawang Lodrö Gyatsho | 1635–1688 | 1682–1685 | ngag dbang blo gros rgya mtsho | – |
| 45. | Tshülthrim Dargye | 1632–? | 1685/1695–1692/1699 | tshul khrims dar rgyas | – |
| 46. | Ngawang Pelsang | 1629–1695 | ? | ngag dbang dpal bzang | Chinpa Gyatsho |
| 47. | Lobsang Chöphel | XVII sec. | 1699–1701 | blo bzang chos 'phel | – |
| 48. | Döndrub Gyatsho | XVII sec. | 1702–1708 | don grub rgya mtsho | – |
| 49. | Lobsang Dargye | XVII sec. | 1708–1715 | blo bzang dar rgyas | – |
| 50. | Gendün Phüntshog | ?–1724 | 1715–1722 | dge 'dun phun tshogs | – |

### 51–75

| | Nome | Anno di nascita-morte | Ganden Tripa | Traslitterazione Wylie | Ulteriori titoli |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 51. | Pelden Dragpa | ?–1729 | 1722–1729 | dpal ldan grags pa | 1. hor tshang gser khri |
| 52. | Ngawang Tshephel | 1668–1734 | 1730–1732 | ngag dbang tshe 'phel | – |
| 53. | Gyeltshen Sengge | 1678–1756 | 1732–1739 | rgyal mtshan seng ge | 1. gtsos khri sprul |
| 54. | Ngawang Chogden | 1677–1751 | 1739–1746 | ngag dbang mchog ldan | 1. Reting Rinpoche (rwa sgreng) |
| 55. | Ngawang Namkha Sangpo | 1690–1749/1750 | 1746–1749/1750 | ngag dbang nam mkha' bzang po | 1. Samtsha Rinpoche |
| 56. | Lobsang Drime | 1683–? | 1750–1757 | blo bzang dri med | – |
| 57. | Samten Phüntshog | 1703–1770 | 1757–1764 | bsam gtan phun tshogs | – |
| 58. | Chakyung Ngawang Chödrag | 1707–1778 | 1764–1778? | bya khyung ngag dbang chos grags | – |
| 59. | Chusang Ngawang Chödrag | 1710–1772 | 1771–1772? | chu bzang ngag dbang chos grags | – |
| 60. | Lobsang Tenpa | 1725–? | 6 Jahre | blo bzang bstan pa | – |
| 61. | Ngawang Tshülthrim | 1721–1791 | 1778–1785 | ngag dbang tshul khrims | 1. Tshemön Ling |
| 62. | Lobsang Mönlam | 1729–1798 | 1785–1793 | blo bzang smon lam | – |
| 63. | Lobsang Khechog | 1736–1792 | 1792 (6 Monate) | blo bzang mkhas mchog | – |
| 64. | Lobsang Trashi | 1739–1801 | 1794–1801 | blo bzang bkra shis | – |
| 65. | Gendün Tshülthrim | 1744–1807 | ? | dge 'dun tshul khrims | – |
| 66. | Ngawang Nyendrag | 1746–1824 | 1807–1814 | ngag dbang snyan grags | – |
| 67. | Jamyang Mönlam | 1750–1814/1817 | 1814 (3 Monate) | 'jam dbyangs smon lam | – |
| 68. | Lobsang Geleg | 1757–1816 | 1815–1816 | blo bzang dge legs | – |
| 69. | Changchub Chöphel | 1756–1838 | 1816–1822 | byang chub chos 'phel | – |
| 70. | Ngawang Chöphel | 1760–1839 | 1822–1828 | ngag dbang chos 'phel | stag brag pandi ta, 1.stag brag |
| 71. | Yeshe Thardo | 1756–1829/1830 | 1829–1830 | ye shes thar 'dod | – |
| 72. | Jampel Tshülthrim | XIX sec. | 1831–1837 | 'jam dpal tshul khrims | 1. khams lung |
| 73. | Ngawang Jampel Tshülthrim Gyatsho | 1792–1862/1864 | 1837–1843 | ngag dbang 'jam dpal tshul khrims rgya mtsho | 2. Tshemön Ling |
| 74. | Lobsang Lhündrub | XIX sec. | ? | blo bzang lhun grub | – |
| 75. | Ngawang Lungtog Yönten Gyatsho | XIX sec. –1853? | 1850–1853 | ngag dbang lung rtogs yon tan rgya mtsho | – |

### 76–103

| | Nome | Anno di nascita-morte | Ganden Tripa | Traslitterazione Wylie | Ulteriori titoli |
| - | - | - | - | - | - |
| 76. | Lobsang Khyenrab Wangchug | ?–1872 | 1853–1870 | blo bzang mkhyen rab dbang phyug | – |
| 77. | Tshülthrim Dargye | ? | 1859?–1864? | tshul khrims dar rgyas | – |
| 78. | Jamyang Damchö | XIX sec. | 1864?–1869? | jam dbyangs dam chos | – |
| 79. | Lobsang Chinpa | XIX sec. | 1869?–1874? | blo bzang sbyin pa | – |
| 80. | Dragpa Döndrub | XIX sec. | 1874?–1879? | grags pa don grub | – |
| 81. | Ngawang Norbu | XIX sec. | 1879?–1884? | ngag dbang nor bu | – |
| 82. | Yeshe Chöphel | XIX sec. | 1884?–1889? | ye shes chos 'phel | – |
| 83. | Changchub Namkha | XIX sec. . | 1889?–1894? | byang chub nam mkha' | – |
| 84. | Lobsang Tshülthrim | XIX sec. | 1894?–1899? | blo bzang tshul khrims | – |
| 85. | Lobsang Tshülthrim Pelden | 1839–1899/1900 | 1896–1899/1900 | blo bzang tshul khrims dpal ldan | – |
| 86. | Lobsang Gyeltshen | 1840–? | 1900–1907? | blo bzang rgyal mtshan | – |
| 87. | Ngawang Lobsang Tenpe Gyeltshen | 1844–1919 | 1907–1914 | ngag dbang blo bzang bstan pa'i rgyal mtshan | 3. Tshemön Ling |
| 88. | Khyenrab Yönten Gyatsho | XIX sec. | 1914?–1919 | mkhyen rab yon tan rgya mtsho | Drigungpa Khyenrab Yönten |
| 89. | Lobsang Sanggye Gyatsho | XIX-XX sec. | 1919?–1924? | blo bzang snyan grags rgya mtsho | – |
| 90. | Champa Chödrag | 1876–1937/1947 | 1920/1921–1926 | byams pa chos grags | – |
| 91. | Lobsang Gyeltshen | ?–1932 | 1927–1932 | blo bzang rgyal mtshan | – |
| 92. | Thubten Nyinche | ?–1933? | 1933 | thub bstan nyin byed | 1. gtsang pa khri sprul |
| 93. | Yeshe Wangden | XX sec. | 1933–1939 | ye shes dbang ldan | 1. mi nyag khri sprul |
| 94. | Lhündrub Tsöndrü | ?–1949 | 1940–1946 | lhun grub brtson 'grus | Shangpa Lhündrub Tsöndrü |
| 95. | Trashi Tongthün | XX sec. | 1947–1953 | bkra shis stong thun | – |
| 96. | Thubten Künga | 1891–1964 | 1954/1958–1964 | thub bstan kun dga | – |
| 97. | Thubten Lungtog Tendzin Thrinle | 1903–1983 | 1965– | thub bstan lung rtogs bstan 'dzin 'phrin las | Ling Rinpoche |
| 98. | Jampel Shenpen | 1919–1988/1989? | ? | 'jam dpal gzhan phan | – |
| 99. | Yeshe Dönden | ?–1995 | ? | ye shes don ldan | – |
| 100. | Lobsang Nyima | 1928 | 1995–2003 | blo bzang nyi ma | – |
| 101. | Lungrig Namgyel | 1927 | 2003–2009 | lung rig rnam rgyal | 2. ri rdzong sras sprul |
| 102. | Thubten Nyima Lungtog Tendzin Norbu | 1937- | 2009–2016 | thub bstan nyi ma lung rtogs bstan 'dzin nor bu | Rizong Rinpoche |
| 103. | Jetsun Lobsang Tenzin | 1937 | 2017 | | |
