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march towards the northeast Of Asia and Samarcand it
seemed that the journey only beginning, there com
menced the voyage overland with the Bacan camel through
desert regions and nations Of rebbe be continued from
eighty to hundred days arrive in the provinces Of
China, where the most valuable productions of the were
then found Yet great the profits of the trade that
under all these disadvantages the cities of of
Venice and Genoa of Bges and Antwerp became the sea
of learning and refinement of luxury and magnfcence Of
maritime and military power, when all other parts of Europe
sunk in poverty and ignorance, darkness and babasn


"Towards the end Of the fifteenth century the Cape of
Good Hope doubled. route then opened into
India. The Portuguese, who made this discovery became
the masters of the India trade destroyed the fleets the
Turks Veneans which launched upon the Red Sea
to keep open channel through Egypt and esa
lshed commercial empire in India. Portugal then became
of the powerful nations by and land and Lisbon
the centre of European wealth and commerce.


The passage by the Cape of Good Hope sometimes by
Cape Horny has since continued to be the Of India


The Portuguese did not long retain their monopolies
The Dutch became their competitors and after, their
the India trade Portugal declined its orig
nal nsgnifcance Holland wealth and power by sea
and land, and Amsterdam became the principal mart of
Europe.


"The English followed the Dutch and have surpassed all
their predecessors in the successful prosecution Of the India
tradea company their merchants have erected empire
in Inda maintained fleets and armies, subugated
pres dethroned powerful monachs disposed Of kingdoms
and prncpaes other merchants dispose bales of
chandise and with the riches thence derived England Ga
spot larger than of Staes has been able
tend sngehanded against the combined Powers of Europe
them, and policy
upon every quarter OF the globe


"One other among the modern channels of India
remains to be mentioned II is the line followed
by the Russians from the city of Moscow the frontiers Of
China. BY this route the Russians carry a trade with
China worth three four millions Of dollars per annum
which the productions of the respective countries bartered
against each other almost the only instance of by bar
which any nation has carried with the people of the
East but sufficient to show that there articles for which
tho Chinese will barter the rich productions of their country
This route often made entirely land, and is then up
wards Of thousand miles in length sometimes by the
Woga the Caspian Sea, and the Oxus, and thence
over land by the ancient route from Consannope which
increases the distance but relieves degree the labor of
the voyage, by substituting for part of the way, water for
land carriage


Serviley following the Europeans in almost every thing
the people of the United States also follow them their
India They quit ASIA leave it behind them,
sail thirty thousand miles, doubling formidable cape, and
Drawing the dangers of the empestuous sea, arrive in
country which is only few days sail from their conti
They do this because the people of Europe who
do better have done before them In the mean time
the efforts Of the English discover northwest passage
Asia should convince them that the Europeans would
submit circumnavgate the globe their voyage
da, if could be found through around the
northern part of the American continent Still, with all the
dangers added TO the length of the voyage the East India


trade is the richest OF American commerce. and
leads the splendid fortunes convincing proof OF what


would be if route opened, exclusively American,
Short sa cheap and direct and substituting trade in bar
ter for the present runous drain of gold and silver


s'V. Neio route proposed for The people of the United
Sates by the Columbia and Missouri was
the first who conceived the idea Of going west arrive the
East Indies His discovery Of America owing to that
idea He in search of western passage the
coast of ASIA when he arrested by the unexpected inter-
vention Of the American continent Nor had he any idea
that he had found world. He believed himself on the
of India and, under that belief gave the of In
dams the inhabtantsa which they have retained
snce although the which it founded has
been long since exploded, (Robertson.)


g La Sale, founder of the French colony in the valley Of
the Msssspp-a pronouncedby Mr. Adams to be second
only Columbus in the list of great discoveerwas the
who cherished the idea of going India. The
French then masters Of the Canadas and then
daily extending their discoveries to the interior of North
America The existence Of chain Of great lakes stretching
being asceaned he believed that inland passage
China might be discovered by of these lakes and the


rivers flowing from them to the Pacific Ocean, (Soddlrt)
Full Of this dea he e Montreal about the year $780, the
hope of immortazng himself by opening to this country
and direct route to the Of the East Indies
Parting from his friends eight miles above Montreal the last
word he said them China and the spot retains the
LA Chine since But death arrested him in the
valley of the Arkansasthe fate which Columbus had
narrowly escaped that of being assassnated by his own fol-
lowers, who had not courage to follow him any further.


The English, of all others the most avaricous Of the In
da trade, also turned their views the discovery of west
passage to Asia. passage round the American con
nent above Hudsons bay, for long time favortc OBJ
ject with the English Government and still occupies its
tention Numerous squadrons have been sent and
peaedy attempted the passage sometimes from the north
west by Behring's straits; sometimes by the northeast



efforts discover this passage show the value which the En-
gsh place the discovery Of direct route to Asia. But
they have confined themselves voyages Taking
up the idea Of La Sae they have sought inland passage
by means Of rivers and lakes This project entrusted
Confined to the northern parts ofsou continent,
he could only his discoveries north Of the heads of
the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. He confined high
northern audes but succeeded in pointing the existence
of water communication, with few porages, from Hud-
sons bay north latitude $50, to the Pacific ocean, in
north latitude 46o The Mississippi the Peace river the CO.
lumbia and lakes formed the of this communca
ton and little useful, it would us, is latitude
hgh il deemed discovery Of great moment by the En-
gsh Mckenzie received the honor of knghhood for his
enterprise the British fur traders Immediately began
port their urs China by the direct Of the Columbia
and the privilege Of navigating that for years has
been secured TO them by treaty.


The Missouri river above the Mandan villages yet
unknown From the mouth OF the Mississippi Of ge-
MUS projected discovery In 1895 the Baron dc Caronde
e General Of Louisiana, planned expedition TO
he sources Of the Missouri and thence the Pacific
He obtained the appreciation of Charles W. King Of Spain
liberal compensation offered by the King, and the Ba-
announced additional reward of three thousand dollars
the persons who should first the great Theex
pedon undertaken by Don Jacqurs Chmorgan,
erprising citizen Of ST. Louis who prosecuted il some dis
the Missouri at great expense but without accom-
,lshing the views Of the Spanish Government


GA few years afterwards Louisiana changed its master.
The eyes Of Mr. Jefferson taking the direction Of many
eminent men, turned upon the Pacific and,
his auspices the abors of Lewis and Clarke have demon